Sanjit Kanjilal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sanjit Kanjilal

Food Analytical Methods, 2012

A simple and specific analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE), and liquid chromat... more A simple and specific analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE), and liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) operated in multipule reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with dynamic time segment acquisition windows, was developed to determine organophosphorus pesticide residues (acephate, monocrotophos, dimethoate, malaoxon, dichlorvos, malathion, phenthoate, parathionethyl, chlorfenvinfos, quinalphos, diazinon, phosalone, profenofos, ethion, chlorpyrifos) in tender coconut water. The method was observed to be linear with lower limit of detections ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 ng/mL (measured at S/N ratio 5:1) and limit of qunatitation 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL (measured at S/N ratio 10:1) for all studied pesticides. The intra-and inter-day assay accuracies calculated at four concentration levels in six replicates (n06) were in the range of 80 % to 115 % with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 15 %. The percentage recoveries of all the analysed pesticides were in the range of 86.8 % to 107.6 % and the calculated RSD values were below 12 %. The developed method was applied to determine pesticide residues in natural tender coconut water samples. The results showed the presence of malathion ranging from 24 to 45 ng/L concentrations in some natural tender coconut water samples collected from various local market places in and around Hyderabad,

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011

Two series of five membered heterocyclic bis(1,3,4-oxadiazole) derivatives 2(a-h) and 3,5-bis(sub... more Two series of five membered heterocyclic bis(1,3,4-oxadiazole) derivatives 2(a-h) and 3,5-bis(substituted)pyrazoles, isoxazoles 3(a,b,d-i), 4(a-c) were synthesized via oxidative cyclization of some diaroylhydrazones using chloramine-T and cyclocondensation reaction with hydrazine hydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antioxidant and anti-microbial activities. Compounds 2(b), 3(b), and 4(a) showed higher antioxidant activity at 10 lg/ml while compounds 2(a), 3(a), 3(f), and 4(a) exhibited better anti-microbial activity at 100 lg/ml

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2021

ACS Food Science & Technology, 2020

The prevalence of several health-related issues related to the consumption of high-calorie and hi... more The prevalence of several health-related issues related to the consumption of high-calorie and high-fat foods like mayonnaise compels us to find an alternative for it. In this study, oleogel emulsi...

Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2021

Economically motivated adulteration of expensive coconut oil with low cost oil, like palm kernel ... more Economically motivated adulteration of expensive coconut oil with low cost oil, like palm kernel oil and palmolein is difficult to detect and quantify by available methods primarily due to their overlapping physicochemical properties with coconut oil. In the present work, a HPLC method has been developed to detect and quantify the degree of adulteration of coconut oil with palmolein and palm kernel oil based on triglyceride structure. The normalized area percentage of trilaurin (C36) among the three major TAG molecular species dilaurin-monocaprin/myristin-caprylin-laurin (C34), trilaurin (C36) and dilaurin-monomyristin (C38) of coconut oil was chosen as detection index for quantifying degree of adulteration of coconut oil with palm kernel oil, while the area ratio of dipalmitoyl-monoolein: trilaurin was chosen as detection index for quantifying adulteration of coconut oil with palmolein. The RP-HPLC based method developed in the present work is effective with a 2–4% minimum detection limit of adulterant oils and 78–98% detection accuracy depending on the degree of adulteration and types of oil.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is responsible for 70-80% mortality in intensive care pa... more Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is responsible for 70-80% mortality in intensive care patients due to elevated levels of endotoxin, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused by gram-negative infections. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic phytochemical is known for its renal protection on various induced models of nephrotoxicity. However, the curative effect of FA in LPS-induced AKI is not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FA on LPS-induced AKI in mice model and to understand the protective mechanisms involved, to provide evidence for FA in the treatment of AKI. Balb/c mice were treated with FA at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dosages after LPS stimulation (10 mg/kg). At the end of the intervention, we determined the concentrations of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, inflammatory cytokines and histopathological changes in animals. Also, the relative protein expression level of TLR4 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway were studied in kidney tissues. FA treated animals showed upregulation of antioxidant defenses and suppression of inflammatory events by inhibiting TLR-4 mediated NFκB activation. However, LPS alone administered group, resulted in rapid renal damage with increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and modest increase in creatinine; decreased antioxidant defenses and release of inflammatory cytokines. The histopathological analysis also revealed the protective action of the FA against sepsis induced fibrosis and renal damage. Our findings demonstrated that FA exhibits marked protective effects on LPS-induced AKI in mice suggesting its chemopotential role for treating AKI in humans.

3 Biotech, 2018

strain CH had been previously shown to produce a biosurfactant. In this study, chemical structure... more strain CH had been previously shown to produce a biosurfactant. In this study, chemical structure of the purified biosurfactant was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy as a 10 amino acid cyclic lipopeptide (CL). The cyclic lipopeptide was found to be active against larvae with a LC of 110 µg/ml in 2 days. 1 ppm cadmium (Cd) which had a profound mutagenic effect on the cell division of onion () root tip cell resulting in abnormal metaphase, abnormal anaphase and nuclei elongation was partially reversed in the presence of 0.1 mg/ml of CL (52% cells dividing normally and 8% with abnormal division) and was comparable to control experiment where no Cd was present. Thus, the CL described in this report may have applications in eliminating larvae from water repository systems and in reversing the effects of cadmium pollution.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2017

Ailanthus excelsa seed oil is identified as minor seed oil from forest origin for biodiesel produ... more Ailanthus excelsa seed oil is identified as minor seed oil from forest origin for biodiesel production. The seed oil was initially characterized for various physico-chemical properties following standard protocols. The extracted oil was further refined and transesterified to produce biodiesel. The prepared biodiesel was evaluated for fuel properties such as the iodine value, free fatty acids, phosphorous content, flash point, cloud point, pour point, viscosity at 40°C, oxidative stability at 110°C, density, and trace metals. The properties were compared with international specifications and it was found that the oxidative stability of the prepared biodiesel was better compared to most of the biodiesels reported.

Grasas y Aceites, 2017

In the present study, the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction of oil from Simarouba glu... more In the present study, the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction of oil from Simarouba gluaca seeds was carried out at varying conditions of pressure (300–500 bar), temperature (50–70 °C) and CO2 flow rate (10–30 g·min-1). The extraction condition for maximum oil yield was obtained at 500 bar pressure, 70 °C and at 30 g·min-1 flow rate of CO2. The extracted oil was analyzed thoroughly for physico-chemical properties and compared with those of conventional solvent extracted oil. An interesting observation is a significant reduction in the phosphorus content of the oil (8.4 mg·kg-1) extracted using supercritical CO2 compared to the phosphorous content of the solvent extracted oil (97 mg·kg-1). Moreover, the content of total tocopherols in supercritically extracted oil (135.6 mg·kg-1) was found to be higher than the solvent extracted oil (111 mg·kg-1). The rest of the physico-chemical properties of the two differently extracted oils matched well with each other. The results indi...

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2016

Sulfosuccination of castor oil-derived methyl ricinoleate and methyl 12-hydroxy stearate have bee... more Sulfosuccination of castor oil-derived methyl ricinoleate and methyl 12-hydroxy stearate have been carried out in the present work. Synthesis involves malenization of secondary alcohol of methyl ricinoleate/methyl 12-hydroxy stearate followed by sulfonation of maleic monoester to generate double-headed dianionic surfactant with carboxylate and sulfosuccinate functionalities in the head group region. Various reaction conditions were optimized for maximum production of these two sulfosuccinates. Both compounds were evaluated for surface and detergency properties. The surface tension study indicated that the critical micelle concentration of sulfosuccinated methyl ricinoleate and methyl 12-hydroxy stearate is 0.26 and 0.11 mM, respectively. The detergency property of these two surfactants indicated that they were excellent in wetting time emulsification and Ca-tolerance. However, these two surfactants exhibited very poor foam height and foam stability.

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2016

A novel copolymer based on 3-(alkyloxy)-3-oxopropyl acrylate and acrylic acid was synthesized and... more A novel copolymer based on 3-(alkyloxy)-3-oxopropyl acrylate and acrylic acid was synthesized and characterized. Surface tension and fluorescence probe techniques (using N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine as a probe) were employed to evaluate the surface properties of the amphiphilic copolymer. The copolymer was found to reduce the surface tension of water to 40–46 mN/m depending on the pH of the medium. The critical aggregation concentration of the copolymer determined by surface tension measurements was found to be 0.28 mg/ml at pH 4, 1.13 mg/ml at pH 8, and 1.44 mg/ml at pH 10, very close to those obtained by steady state fluorescence probe techniques (0.21, 1.13 and 1.48 mg/ml, respectively, at pH 4, 8, and 10). The pH-induced structural transitions of the copolymer were also studied using steady state fluorescence with pyrene and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as probes, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The protonation of pendant carboxylate groups at acidic pH makes the aggregate compact and rigid. Conversely, ionization of the carboxylate groups under alkaline conditions resulted in larger aggregates.

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2016

In the present study, 11 lactic acid-based anionic surfactants were synthesized and evaluated for... more In the present study, 11 lactic acid-based anionic surfactants were synthesized and evaluated for their surface and biological activities. The synthesis involved the esterification of lactic acid with a range of fatty alcohols differing in chain length as well as in branching and unsaturation. The resultant ester was sulfonated by treatment with chlorosulfonic acid followed by salt formation with aqueous NaOH solution. The surface properties of all the synthesized surfactants were determined using surface tensiometry. Synthesized surfactants showed low critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and a decreasing trend with an increase in the alkyl chain length. Alkyl branching also led to a mild change in CMC values when compared with linear counterparts having the same number of carbon atoms, though such decreases or increases were observed to be dependent on the position and number of the branching. Some of the synthesized surfactants exhibited good antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities against the tested microbial strains and cell lines.

Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2015

The effect of dietary inclusion of solvent extracted pongamia cake (SPC) and iso propyl alcohol (... more The effect of dietary inclusion of solvent extracted pongamia cake (SPC) and iso propyl alcohol (IPA) treated SPC supplemented with protease (4000 U kgG 1), phytase (400 U kgG 1) and liver tonic (1 g kgG 1) using 360 day old commercial broiler chicks. At 60 g kgG 1 level, growth depression and poor FCR caused by the experimental diets could not be alleviated by enzymes/liver tonic supplementation. Dietary inclusion of SPC increased percent giblet weight. Pancreas, abdominal fat, HI titres to SRBC, CMI response to PHA-P and relative weight of spleen were similar in all the dietary groups. However, bursa weight was (p<0.05) higher in SPC supplementation with phytase (400 U kgG 1) than control. The serum protein levels (p<0.05) increased in IPA treated SPC at 60 g kgG 1 at 3rd week of age. The serum cholesterol level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in SPC incorporated diet with supplementation with liver tonic. The pongamia cake did not influence the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The histological changes suggested that pongamia cake leads to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in broilers. It can be concluded that, supplementation of enzymes/liver tonic cannot alleviate the toxic effects of SPC or IPA treated pongamia cake at 60 g kgG 1 level in the diet.

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2015

ABSTRACT The present paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of surface properties of a nove... more ABSTRACT The present paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of surface properties of a novel series of anionic surfactant, namely sodium 3-(3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropoxy)-3-oxopropane-1-sulfonate with varying alkyl chain length (C8-C16). Synthesis involves initial formation of the 3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropyl acrylate along with fatty acrylate during the direct esterification of fatty alcohol with acrylic acid in the presence of 0.5 % NaHSO4 at 110 °C followed by sulfonation of the terminal double bond of the 3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropyl acrylate. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for surface and thermodynamic properties such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γcmc), efficiency of surface adsorption (pC20), surface excess (Γmax), minimum area per molecule at the air-water interface (A min), free energy of adsorption (∆G°ads), free energy of micellization (∆G°mic), wetting time, emulsifying properties, foaming power and calcium tolerance. Effect of chain length on CMC follows the classic trend, i.e. decrease in CMC with the increase in alkyl chain length. High pC20 (&gt;3) value indicates higher hydrophobic character of the surfactant. These surfactants showed very poor wetting time and calcium tolerance, but exhibited good emulsion stability and excellent foamability. Foaming power and foam stability of C14-sulfonate were found to be the best among the studied compounds. Foam stability of C14-sulfonate was also studied at different concentrations over time and excellent foam stability was obtained at a concentration of 0.075 %. Thus this novel class of surfactant may find applications as foam boosters in combination with other suitable surfactants.

The feeding value of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) detoxified Karanj cake (DMC-KC) was tested at grade... more The feeding value of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) detoxified Karanj cake (DMC-KC) was tested at graded levels (3, 4.5 and 6%) against corresponding levels of untreated solvent extracted karanj cake (KC) and a control in broiler chicken. A total of 315 day-old male broiler chicken divided into 7 experimental groups having 9 replicates of 5 chicken each were fed diets from day one to 6 weeks of age. Feeding of KC depressed body weight significantly (P<0.01) from the lowest level tested (3% onwards) and DMC treatment improved the body weight significantly (P<0.01) at 3% level of KC, which was similar to that of control. However, no such effect was recorded at higher levels of 4.5 and 6% DMC-KC. The feed intake was significantly (P<0.01) lower in all the test groups except with 3% DMC-KC in comparison to control. The liver weight increased at 4.5 and 6% levels of KC whereas such a response was observed only at the highest level of 6% DMC-KC. The gizzard weight increased at the highest level of 6% KC and the weight of giblets was higher at 3 and 4.5% of KC, though, it was similar up to 4.5% of DMC-KC. Serum cholesterol content decreased and alkaline phosphatase activity increased with KC or DMC-KC feeding. The results indicated a significant improvement in the nutritional value of karanj cake with DMC treatment which could be safely added up to 3% in the diet of broiler chicken.

Food Analytical Methods, 2012

A simple and specific analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE), and liquid chromat... more A simple and specific analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE), and liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) operated in multipule reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with dynamic time segment acquisition windows, was developed to determine organophosphorus pesticide residues (acephate, monocrotophos, dimethoate, malaoxon, dichlorvos, malathion, phenthoate, parathionethyl, chlorfenvinfos, quinalphos, diazinon, phosalone, profenofos, ethion, chlorpyrifos) in tender coconut water. The method was observed to be linear with lower limit of detections ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 ng/mL (measured at S/N ratio 5:1) and limit of qunatitation 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL (measured at S/N ratio 10:1) for all studied pesticides. The intra-and inter-day assay accuracies calculated at four concentration levels in six replicates (n06) were in the range of 80 % to 115 % with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 15 %. The percentage recoveries of all the analysed pesticides were in the range of 86.8 % to 107.6 % and the calculated RSD values were below 12 %. The developed method was applied to determine pesticide residues in natural tender coconut water samples. The results showed the presence of malathion ranging from 24 to 45 ng/L concentrations in some natural tender coconut water samples collected from various local market places in and around Hyderabad,

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011

Two series of five membered heterocyclic bis(1,3,4-oxadiazole) derivatives 2(a-h) and 3,5-bis(sub... more Two series of five membered heterocyclic bis(1,3,4-oxadiazole) derivatives 2(a-h) and 3,5-bis(substituted)pyrazoles, isoxazoles 3(a,b,d-i), 4(a-c) were synthesized via oxidative cyclization of some diaroylhydrazones using chloramine-T and cyclocondensation reaction with hydrazine hydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antioxidant and anti-microbial activities. Compounds 2(b), 3(b), and 4(a) showed higher antioxidant activity at 10 lg/ml while compounds 2(a), 3(a), 3(f), and 4(a) exhibited better anti-microbial activity at 100 lg/ml

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2021

ACS Food Science & Technology, 2020

The prevalence of several health-related issues related to the consumption of high-calorie and hi... more The prevalence of several health-related issues related to the consumption of high-calorie and high-fat foods like mayonnaise compels us to find an alternative for it. In this study, oleogel emulsi...

Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2021

Economically motivated adulteration of expensive coconut oil with low cost oil, like palm kernel ... more Economically motivated adulteration of expensive coconut oil with low cost oil, like palm kernel oil and palmolein is difficult to detect and quantify by available methods primarily due to their overlapping physicochemical properties with coconut oil. In the present work, a HPLC method has been developed to detect and quantify the degree of adulteration of coconut oil with palmolein and palm kernel oil based on triglyceride structure. The normalized area percentage of trilaurin (C36) among the three major TAG molecular species dilaurin-monocaprin/myristin-caprylin-laurin (C34), trilaurin (C36) and dilaurin-monomyristin (C38) of coconut oil was chosen as detection index for quantifying degree of adulteration of coconut oil with palm kernel oil, while the area ratio of dipalmitoyl-monoolein: trilaurin was chosen as detection index for quantifying adulteration of coconut oil with palmolein. The RP-HPLC based method developed in the present work is effective with a 2–4% minimum detection limit of adulterant oils and 78–98% detection accuracy depending on the degree of adulteration and types of oil.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is responsible for 70-80% mortality in intensive care pa... more Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is responsible for 70-80% mortality in intensive care patients due to elevated levels of endotoxin, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused by gram-negative infections. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic phytochemical is known for its renal protection on various induced models of nephrotoxicity. However, the curative effect of FA in LPS-induced AKI is not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FA on LPS-induced AKI in mice model and to understand the protective mechanisms involved, to provide evidence for FA in the treatment of AKI. Balb/c mice were treated with FA at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dosages after LPS stimulation (10 mg/kg). At the end of the intervention, we determined the concentrations of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, inflammatory cytokines and histopathological changes in animals. Also, the relative protein expression level of TLR4 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway were studied in kidney tissues. FA treated animals showed upregulation of antioxidant defenses and suppression of inflammatory events by inhibiting TLR-4 mediated NFκB activation. However, LPS alone administered group, resulted in rapid renal damage with increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and modest increase in creatinine; decreased antioxidant defenses and release of inflammatory cytokines. The histopathological analysis also revealed the protective action of the FA against sepsis induced fibrosis and renal damage. Our findings demonstrated that FA exhibits marked protective effects on LPS-induced AKI in mice suggesting its chemopotential role for treating AKI in humans.

3 Biotech, 2018

strain CH had been previously shown to produce a biosurfactant. In this study, chemical structure... more strain CH had been previously shown to produce a biosurfactant. In this study, chemical structure of the purified biosurfactant was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy as a 10 amino acid cyclic lipopeptide (CL). The cyclic lipopeptide was found to be active against larvae with a LC of 110 µg/ml in 2 days. 1 ppm cadmium (Cd) which had a profound mutagenic effect on the cell division of onion () root tip cell resulting in abnormal metaphase, abnormal anaphase and nuclei elongation was partially reversed in the presence of 0.1 mg/ml of CL (52% cells dividing normally and 8% with abnormal division) and was comparable to control experiment where no Cd was present. Thus, the CL described in this report may have applications in eliminating larvae from water repository systems and in reversing the effects of cadmium pollution.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2017

Ailanthus excelsa seed oil is identified as minor seed oil from forest origin for biodiesel produ... more Ailanthus excelsa seed oil is identified as minor seed oil from forest origin for biodiesel production. The seed oil was initially characterized for various physico-chemical properties following standard protocols. The extracted oil was further refined and transesterified to produce biodiesel. The prepared biodiesel was evaluated for fuel properties such as the iodine value, free fatty acids, phosphorous content, flash point, cloud point, pour point, viscosity at 40°C, oxidative stability at 110°C, density, and trace metals. The properties were compared with international specifications and it was found that the oxidative stability of the prepared biodiesel was better compared to most of the biodiesels reported.

Grasas y Aceites, 2017

In the present study, the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction of oil from Simarouba glu... more In the present study, the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction of oil from Simarouba gluaca seeds was carried out at varying conditions of pressure (300–500 bar), temperature (50–70 °C) and CO2 flow rate (10–30 g·min-1). The extraction condition for maximum oil yield was obtained at 500 bar pressure, 70 °C and at 30 g·min-1 flow rate of CO2. The extracted oil was analyzed thoroughly for physico-chemical properties and compared with those of conventional solvent extracted oil. An interesting observation is a significant reduction in the phosphorus content of the oil (8.4 mg·kg-1) extracted using supercritical CO2 compared to the phosphorous content of the solvent extracted oil (97 mg·kg-1). Moreover, the content of total tocopherols in supercritically extracted oil (135.6 mg·kg-1) was found to be higher than the solvent extracted oil (111 mg·kg-1). The rest of the physico-chemical properties of the two differently extracted oils matched well with each other. The results indi...

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2016

Sulfosuccination of castor oil-derived methyl ricinoleate and methyl 12-hydroxy stearate have bee... more Sulfosuccination of castor oil-derived methyl ricinoleate and methyl 12-hydroxy stearate have been carried out in the present work. Synthesis involves malenization of secondary alcohol of methyl ricinoleate/methyl 12-hydroxy stearate followed by sulfonation of maleic monoester to generate double-headed dianionic surfactant with carboxylate and sulfosuccinate functionalities in the head group region. Various reaction conditions were optimized for maximum production of these two sulfosuccinates. Both compounds were evaluated for surface and detergency properties. The surface tension study indicated that the critical micelle concentration of sulfosuccinated methyl ricinoleate and methyl 12-hydroxy stearate is 0.26 and 0.11 mM, respectively. The detergency property of these two surfactants indicated that they were excellent in wetting time emulsification and Ca-tolerance. However, these two surfactants exhibited very poor foam height and foam stability.

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2016

A novel copolymer based on 3-(alkyloxy)-3-oxopropyl acrylate and acrylic acid was synthesized and... more A novel copolymer based on 3-(alkyloxy)-3-oxopropyl acrylate and acrylic acid was synthesized and characterized. Surface tension and fluorescence probe techniques (using N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine as a probe) were employed to evaluate the surface properties of the amphiphilic copolymer. The copolymer was found to reduce the surface tension of water to 40–46 mN/m depending on the pH of the medium. The critical aggregation concentration of the copolymer determined by surface tension measurements was found to be 0.28 mg/ml at pH 4, 1.13 mg/ml at pH 8, and 1.44 mg/ml at pH 10, very close to those obtained by steady state fluorescence probe techniques (0.21, 1.13 and 1.48 mg/ml, respectively, at pH 4, 8, and 10). The pH-induced structural transitions of the copolymer were also studied using steady state fluorescence with pyrene and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as probes, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The protonation of pendant carboxylate groups at acidic pH makes the aggregate compact and rigid. Conversely, ionization of the carboxylate groups under alkaline conditions resulted in larger aggregates.

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2016

In the present study, 11 lactic acid-based anionic surfactants were synthesized and evaluated for... more In the present study, 11 lactic acid-based anionic surfactants were synthesized and evaluated for their surface and biological activities. The synthesis involved the esterification of lactic acid with a range of fatty alcohols differing in chain length as well as in branching and unsaturation. The resultant ester was sulfonated by treatment with chlorosulfonic acid followed by salt formation with aqueous NaOH solution. The surface properties of all the synthesized surfactants were determined using surface tensiometry. Synthesized surfactants showed low critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and a decreasing trend with an increase in the alkyl chain length. Alkyl branching also led to a mild change in CMC values when compared with linear counterparts having the same number of carbon atoms, though such decreases or increases were observed to be dependent on the position and number of the branching. Some of the synthesized surfactants exhibited good antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities against the tested microbial strains and cell lines.

Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2015

The effect of dietary inclusion of solvent extracted pongamia cake (SPC) and iso propyl alcohol (... more The effect of dietary inclusion of solvent extracted pongamia cake (SPC) and iso propyl alcohol (IPA) treated SPC supplemented with protease (4000 U kgG 1), phytase (400 U kgG 1) and liver tonic (1 g kgG 1) using 360 day old commercial broiler chicks. At 60 g kgG 1 level, growth depression and poor FCR caused by the experimental diets could not be alleviated by enzymes/liver tonic supplementation. Dietary inclusion of SPC increased percent giblet weight. Pancreas, abdominal fat, HI titres to SRBC, CMI response to PHA-P and relative weight of spleen were similar in all the dietary groups. However, bursa weight was (p<0.05) higher in SPC supplementation with phytase (400 U kgG 1) than control. The serum protein levels (p<0.05) increased in IPA treated SPC at 60 g kgG 1 at 3rd week of age. The serum cholesterol level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in SPC incorporated diet with supplementation with liver tonic. The pongamia cake did not influence the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The histological changes suggested that pongamia cake leads to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in broilers. It can be concluded that, supplementation of enzymes/liver tonic cannot alleviate the toxic effects of SPC or IPA treated pongamia cake at 60 g kgG 1 level in the diet.

Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2015

ABSTRACT The present paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of surface properties of a nove... more ABSTRACT The present paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of surface properties of a novel series of anionic surfactant, namely sodium 3-(3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropoxy)-3-oxopropane-1-sulfonate with varying alkyl chain length (C8-C16). Synthesis involves initial formation of the 3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropyl acrylate along with fatty acrylate during the direct esterification of fatty alcohol with acrylic acid in the presence of 0.5 % NaHSO4 at 110 °C followed by sulfonation of the terminal double bond of the 3-alkyloxy-3-oxopropyl acrylate. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for surface and thermodynamic properties such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γcmc), efficiency of surface adsorption (pC20), surface excess (Γmax), minimum area per molecule at the air-water interface (A min), free energy of adsorption (∆G°ads), free energy of micellization (∆G°mic), wetting time, emulsifying properties, foaming power and calcium tolerance. Effect of chain length on CMC follows the classic trend, i.e. decrease in CMC with the increase in alkyl chain length. High pC20 (&gt;3) value indicates higher hydrophobic character of the surfactant. These surfactants showed very poor wetting time and calcium tolerance, but exhibited good emulsion stability and excellent foamability. Foaming power and foam stability of C14-sulfonate were found to be the best among the studied compounds. Foam stability of C14-sulfonate was also studied at different concentrations over time and excellent foam stability was obtained at a concentration of 0.075 %. Thus this novel class of surfactant may find applications as foam boosters in combination with other suitable surfactants.

The feeding value of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) detoxified Karanj cake (DMC-KC) was tested at grade... more The feeding value of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) detoxified Karanj cake (DMC-KC) was tested at graded levels (3, 4.5 and 6%) against corresponding levels of untreated solvent extracted karanj cake (KC) and a control in broiler chicken. A total of 315 day-old male broiler chicken divided into 7 experimental groups having 9 replicates of 5 chicken each were fed diets from day one to 6 weeks of age. Feeding of KC depressed body weight significantly (P<0.01) from the lowest level tested (3% onwards) and DMC treatment improved the body weight significantly (P<0.01) at 3% level of KC, which was similar to that of control. However, no such effect was recorded at higher levels of 4.5 and 6% DMC-KC. The feed intake was significantly (P<0.01) lower in all the test groups except with 3% DMC-KC in comparison to control. The liver weight increased at 4.5 and 6% levels of KC whereas such a response was observed only at the highest level of 6% DMC-KC. The gizzard weight increased at the highest level of 6% KC and the weight of giblets was higher at 3 and 4.5% of KC, though, it was similar up to 4.5% of DMC-KC. Serum cholesterol content decreased and alkaline phosphatase activity increased with KC or DMC-KC feeding. The results indicated a significant improvement in the nutritional value of karanj cake with DMC treatment which could be safely added up to 3% in the diet of broiler chicken.