Saroj Yadav - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Saroj Yadav
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Dec 1, 2021
Journal of Nematology
Relative efficacy of various approaches for management of Meloidogyne incognita and the soilborne... more Relative efficacy of various approaches for management of Meloidogyne incognita and the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum has been tested in cucumber under protected cultivation conditions for two seasons. Management practices, namely, chemicals (fumigant, nonfumigant, and fungicide), organic amendments (neem cake, leaves, and oil opted as soil and seed treatment), and biocontrol agents (egg-parasitic fungus and Purpureocillium lilacinum), were combined for the management of the disease complex in a randomized block design. Two significant parameters were measured: plant growth parameters (shoot length, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, and yield) and disease parameters (galls per plant, final nematode population, egg masses per plant, and fungal incidence). All treatments significantly improved plant growth parameters and reduced nematode reproduction as compared to untreated check. The integration of formalin and neem oil seed treatment favors the low root ga...
Biological Control, Sep 1, 2021
Abstract Predatory nematodes play an important role in maintaining the population of plant parasi... more Abstract Predatory nematodes play an important role in maintaining the population of plant parasitic nematodes and other soil biota in soil ecosystem. Based on feeding apparatus and feeding methods, predatory nematodes can be categorized in four major groups viz., mononchids, diplogasterids, dorylaimids and aphelenchids. This review examines predatory attributes of these groups. Biocontrol potential, factors affecting efficacy, biology, culturing and survival of predatory nematodes are also discussed here. The authors have analyzed the research status on predatory nematodes vis-a-vis plant parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes and suggested future line of work for their utilization against plant parasitic nematodes.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Jul 1, 2019
Plant protection is extensively engaged in conversation with organic growers both National and wo... more Plant protection is extensively engaged in conversation with organic growers both National and world level, yet organic agriculture faces the same plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) issues as conventional farming. The main motto and basis of organic agricultural system is to maintain the health of soil and its food web. Along with maintaining soil fertility, the farmers also want to maintain good microbial population required for nutrient recycling. This makes the application of organic matter in the form of composts and manures that will decrease the pest populations and incorporation of cultural practices like crop rotations. It also helps in addition of nutrients to the soil. The ultimate goal of organic agriculture is to improve the plant health; hence amending the soil with organic matter is the basic factor for soil ecosystem management, which directly or indirectly increases the crop yields. In organic farming systems, nematodes are becoming a hindrance in the profitable productions and it is very difficult to control in these systems, as chemicals are not supposed to be employ. Worldwide estimates of crop losses are about 12.3 % annually of food and fiber, due to nematodes. Different studies had conducted on organic and conventional farming systems. It has proved that genera of plant parasitic nematodes attacking organic farming are similar to that in conventional farming. Such as, root knot (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst (Heterodera and Globodera spp.), and reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Therefore, in this review article, we discussed different management strategies for PPN management in organic farming.
Scientific Reports
One of the most damaging pests in vegetable crops is the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognit... more One of the most damaging pests in vegetable crops is the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) worldwide. The continuous use of nematicide is costly and has unintended consequences for human and environmental health. To minimize nematicides, eco-friendly integrated nematode management is required. Trichoderma, an antagonistic fungus has been explored to control root-knot nematode. The fungal bio-control strain FbMi6 was identified as Trichoderma asperellum (accession no. MT529846.1). T. asperellum FbMi6 showed substantial nematicidal activity in the laboratory, with egg hatch suppression (96.6%) and juvenile mortality (90.3%) of M. incognita. T. asperellum FbMi6 was examined under pot and field conditions (after neem cake enrichment), both alone and in combination, and compared with controls. Application of T. asperellum FbMi6 enriched neem cake (1-ton ha-1) increased (28.3%) the okra yield and decreased (57.1%) nematode population as compared with control. T. asperellum FbMi6...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020
Entomopathogenic nematodes, obligate insect pathogens, are widely used as biocontrol agents again... more Entomopathogenic nematodes, obligate insect pathogens, are widely used as biocontrol agents against economically important insect pests in different farming systems because they provide environmentally safe and sustainable crop protection. Hence the most important thing for the successful and reasonable usage of EPNs in crop protection is their production on large scale at competitive cost within a short time. In parallel to this, EPNs can be easily cultured either in-vivo or in vitro in the laboratory. The in vivo production is quite simple process as it involves the culturing on live insect host on the White Trap method, which involves the natural migration of IJs away from the infected host cadaver into the surrounding w+** ater layer. But the commercial production is quite impracticable due to high production costs, lacks of economies of scale and low nematode yields per gram of insect biomass. In place of that, the in vitro solid technology gives higher nematode yields per gram of solid media, which is based on introducing nematodes to a pure culture of the symbiotic bacteria into a nutritive, non-living medium that contains the sterile ingredients.
Indian journal of nematology, 2020
Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title], 2021
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural... more Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural crops. They are unseen foes of crops and devitalize plants by causing injury to plant roots or aboveground parts. From last few decades, increased attention has been paid to nematode problems in horticultural crops in open as well as under protected cultivation. PPNs are obligate parasites, mostly have wide host range and are widespread pathogens of horticultural crops. The dimension of damage is density dependent and their management options vary with type of crop, nematode species and other factors. Recent approaches to combat losses caused by nematodes are the use of nematicides, cultural practices and resistant cultivars that may be used singly or in an integrated manner. This book chapter gives an overview of the emerging nematode problems in horticultural crops and their management strategies.
Journal of Environmental Biology, 2020
Aim: Experiment conducted in the microplots infested with the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne jav... more Aim: Experiment conducted in the microplots infested with the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica against the germpalms of thechickpea, pigeon pea, mungbean and urdbean. Methodology: In this study, 71 genotypes of chickpea, 30 genotypes of pigeon pea, 14 genotypes of mungbean and 12 genotypes of urdbean were screened for their reaction to root-knot nematode, M. javanica in infested microplots. Initial nematode population was recorded. Various germplasms of pulses was sown in microplots. The plants were maintained as per the standard agronomic practices. All the germplasm were assessed to determine gall index. Results: Seventy one genotypes of chickpea were screened against M. javanica, among them 19 were highly resistant, 8 resistant and 12 were found to be moderately resistant. Out of 30 genotypes of pigeonpea, 19 were highly resistant, 2 were resistant and 3 were moderately resistant to the root-knot nematode. Fourteen genotypes of mungbean screened against M. javanica, none ...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2018
A pot experiment under screen house conditions was carried out to manage the root-knot nematode, ... more A pot experiment under screen house conditions was carried out to manage the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato by using different neem leaves @ 5, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg soil along with chemical as well as untreated checks. Soil was autoclaved and inoculated with root-knot nematode (1000 J2/kg soil). Neem leaves were incorporated to the soil in pot as treatment wise and a waiting period of ten days was given for decomposition of neem leaves before transplanting of tomato seedling. The results revealed that all plant growth parameters of tomato improved while the nematode reproduction factors were suppressed significantly in case of neem leaves and chemical checks as compare to untreated inoculated check. Among the doses neem leaves 30 g/ kg soil were found to be effective in suppressing galling (38) and final population in soil (170) followed by 20 g/ kg soil in improving plant growth of tomato and reducing reproduction of root knot nematode.
A pot experiment under polyhouse conditions was carried out to manage the root knot nematode, Mel... more A pot experiment under polyhouse conditions was carried out to manage the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by using different botanicals, viz., neem, aak, castor leaves and neem seed kernel powder @ 20 and 30 g/kg soil along with chemical as well as untreated checks. Soil was autoclaved and infested with root-knot nematode (1000J2/ kg soil). Chopped leaves of these phytotherapeutic substances were incorporated to the potted soil treatment wise and a waiting period of ten days was given before sowing of cucumber seeds. The results revealed that all plant growth parameters of cucumber improved while the nematode reproduction factors were suppressed significantly in case of all phytotherapeutic substances and chemical checks as compare to untreated inoculated check. However, higher dose (30 g/ kg) was significantly more effective as compared to the lower dose (20 g/ kg soil). Among phytotherapeutic substances, A. indica seed kernel powder were found to be most effective in sup...
Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber grown in th... more Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber grown in the polyhouse under protected conditions. The experiment was conducted in pots to evaluate the effect of nematode and fungus individually as well as in various sequential combinations i.e. simultaneous inoculation of nematode and fungus (SIS), nematode one week prior to fungus (1WBF) and nematode one week after fungus (1WAF). The results revealed that nematode inoculation caused significantly more reduction in plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length (SL), root length (RL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), fresh root weight (FRW), dry shoot weight (DSW) and dry root weight (DRW) of cucumber as a comparison to fungus alone, however, combined inoculation of the nematode and fungus was statistically significant with respect to reduction in plant growth parameter over their individual effect. Maximum and significantly more reduction in plant growth parameters viz., SL (125.5cm), RL (32.0cm), FSW (4...
Background: Complex disease caused by root-knot nematode and Fusarium fungus in cucumber is the m... more Background: Complex disease caused by root-knot nematode and Fusarium fungus in cucumber is the most destructive disease under polyhouse conditions. The study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Purpureocillium lilacinum against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex on cucumber.Results: All bioagents were taken @ 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg soil and liquid formulation of bioagents, @ 0.5 and 1 ml/ kg soil, Chemical checks as well as untreated check were also maintained. The bio-agents were mixed with the potted soil treatment wise. All the treatments significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length, root length, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry shoot weight and dry root weight as compared to untreated check. However, maximum improvement in plant growth parameter was recorded in case of carbofuran followed by higher dose of liq...
Relative efficacy of various approaches to managing Meloidogyne incognita and soil borne fungus, ... more Relative efficacy of various approaches to managing Meloidogyne incognita and soil borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in cucumber for two seasons was tested under protected cultivation. Several management practices adopted such as chemicals (fumigant, non-fumigant, and fungicide), organic amendments (Neem cake, leaves and oil, soil and seed treatment), and biocontrol agents (the egg-parasitic fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum), all practices combine for the management of disease. Eleven treatments with untreated control in a randomized block design. Two significant parameters were measured: plant growth parameter (plant height, dry root weight and yield) and disease parameters (galls/plant, final nematode population, egg masses/plant and fungal incidence). All treatments significantly improved plant growth parameters and reduced nematode reproduction as compared to untreated check. The integration of formalin and neem oil seed treatment favor the low root galling in...
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
A polyhouse study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma ... more A polyhouse study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Paecilomyces lilacinus) @ 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg soil and liquid formulation of bioagents, (T. viride + P. fluorescence + P. lilacinus) @ 0.5 and 1 ml/ kg soil, against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex on cucumber. Three main treatments, viz., nematode alone, fungus alone and both inoculated simultaneously were taken. Chemical checks with Bavistin @ 2 g/ l water and carbofuran @ 0.1 mg/ kg soil as well as untreated check were also maintained. Fungus was grown on sand maize meal medium. Soil was autoclaved and infested with root-knot nematode (1000 J 2 / kg soil) and fungus (50 g/ kg soil). The bio-agents were mixed with the potted soil treatment wise. A waiting period of three days was given for multiplication of bioagents on the organic matter before sowing. All the treatments significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length (SL), root length (RL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), fresh root weight (FRW), dry shoot weight (DSW) and dry root weight (DRW) as compared to untreated check. However, maximum improvement in plant growth parameter was recorded in case of carbofuran @ 0.1 mg /kg soil followed by higher dose liquid formulation of bioagents. Bavistin was least effective among all the treatments against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex.
Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title]
Growing of vegetable crops under protected conditions are relatively, an innovative technology an... more Growing of vegetable crops under protected conditions are relatively, an innovative technology and most popular among farmers throughout the country. In last few decades protected cultivation has shown potential enhancement in horticultural production. The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is an emerging nematode under protected conditions. This nematode can cause chlorosis, stunting and reduce yields associated with the induction of many root galls on host plants. Root-knot nematode severely affect the plant root system by inducing specialized feeding cells i.e., giant cells in the vascular tissues. Recently, this nematode has been considered as a worldwide menace for combat root-knot nematodes, integrated nematode management strategies such as soil solarization, biological control, organic amendment, crop rotation, field sanitation, and fumigants have been developed and successfully used in the past. Here, in this book chapter discussed on biology and life cycle,...
Journal of Plant Nutrition
Abstract Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) (Heterodera avenae) is a major root parasite of wheat through... more Abstract Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) (Heterodera avenae) is a major root parasite of wheat throughout the world. A pot experiment was conducted in screen house in CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2016–2017 for studying the nutrient uptake by wheat plants infected with H. avenae. Urea, single super phosphate (SSP), Muriate of potash (MOP), and zinc sulfate (Zn SO4) were applied singly and in combinations, and compared with a control without fertilizers. H. avenae reduced the uptake of nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and Zn) as compared to uninfested soil. Improved nutrients uptake was found in the treatment where all nutrients were applied in soil. Lesser uptake was recorded in the treatment where no nutrient was applied in soil. In the soil, more nutrients were recorded in infested soil as compared to uninfested soil and, nutrients were also more in soil in the treatments where individual nutrients were applied than their combined application.
Journal of Nematology
In Haryana, India, only carbofuran is registered for the management of root-knot nematodes. The o... more In Haryana, India, only carbofuran is registered for the management of root-knot nematodes. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of cruciferous bio-fumigants for the management of rootknot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in okra. The experiments were conducted at research area Department of Nematology in 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019. During this investigation, cruciferous biofumigants such as cabbage leaves and cauliflower leaves were used as bio-fumigant sources to protect Okra cv. Hisar Unnat. Fresh and chopped leaf mass of cabbage and cauliflower was incorporated uniformly into a naturally infested field. The initial nematode population in both years was 224 and 256 J 2 /200 cc soil, respectively. The results of our investigation showed that in both the years okra yield was enhanced significantly by the measures of nematode management. In addition, both of the tested bio-fumigant plants leaves proved to be potentially promising for the management of root-knot nematodes. Among the bio-fumigants, the highest decrease in nematode population, root gall index and increase in yield was observed in cabbage leaves @ 50 t/ha in both years, consecutively.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Dec 1, 2021
Journal of Nematology
Relative efficacy of various approaches for management of Meloidogyne incognita and the soilborne... more Relative efficacy of various approaches for management of Meloidogyne incognita and the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum has been tested in cucumber under protected cultivation conditions for two seasons. Management practices, namely, chemicals (fumigant, nonfumigant, and fungicide), organic amendments (neem cake, leaves, and oil opted as soil and seed treatment), and biocontrol agents (egg-parasitic fungus and Purpureocillium lilacinum), were combined for the management of the disease complex in a randomized block design. Two significant parameters were measured: plant growth parameters (shoot length, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, and yield) and disease parameters (galls per plant, final nematode population, egg masses per plant, and fungal incidence). All treatments significantly improved plant growth parameters and reduced nematode reproduction as compared to untreated check. The integration of formalin and neem oil seed treatment favors the low root ga...
Biological Control, Sep 1, 2021
Abstract Predatory nematodes play an important role in maintaining the population of plant parasi... more Abstract Predatory nematodes play an important role in maintaining the population of plant parasitic nematodes and other soil biota in soil ecosystem. Based on feeding apparatus and feeding methods, predatory nematodes can be categorized in four major groups viz., mononchids, diplogasterids, dorylaimids and aphelenchids. This review examines predatory attributes of these groups. Biocontrol potential, factors affecting efficacy, biology, culturing and survival of predatory nematodes are also discussed here. The authors have analyzed the research status on predatory nematodes vis-a-vis plant parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes and suggested future line of work for their utilization against plant parasitic nematodes.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Jul 1, 2019
Plant protection is extensively engaged in conversation with organic growers both National and wo... more Plant protection is extensively engaged in conversation with organic growers both National and world level, yet organic agriculture faces the same plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) issues as conventional farming. The main motto and basis of organic agricultural system is to maintain the health of soil and its food web. Along with maintaining soil fertility, the farmers also want to maintain good microbial population required for nutrient recycling. This makes the application of organic matter in the form of composts and manures that will decrease the pest populations and incorporation of cultural practices like crop rotations. It also helps in addition of nutrients to the soil. The ultimate goal of organic agriculture is to improve the plant health; hence amending the soil with organic matter is the basic factor for soil ecosystem management, which directly or indirectly increases the crop yields. In organic farming systems, nematodes are becoming a hindrance in the profitable productions and it is very difficult to control in these systems, as chemicals are not supposed to be employ. Worldwide estimates of crop losses are about 12.3 % annually of food and fiber, due to nematodes. Different studies had conducted on organic and conventional farming systems. It has proved that genera of plant parasitic nematodes attacking organic farming are similar to that in conventional farming. Such as, root knot (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst (Heterodera and Globodera spp.), and reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Therefore, in this review article, we discussed different management strategies for PPN management in organic farming.
Scientific Reports
One of the most damaging pests in vegetable crops is the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognit... more One of the most damaging pests in vegetable crops is the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) worldwide. The continuous use of nematicide is costly and has unintended consequences for human and environmental health. To minimize nematicides, eco-friendly integrated nematode management is required. Trichoderma, an antagonistic fungus has been explored to control root-knot nematode. The fungal bio-control strain FbMi6 was identified as Trichoderma asperellum (accession no. MT529846.1). T. asperellum FbMi6 showed substantial nematicidal activity in the laboratory, with egg hatch suppression (96.6%) and juvenile mortality (90.3%) of M. incognita. T. asperellum FbMi6 was examined under pot and field conditions (after neem cake enrichment), both alone and in combination, and compared with controls. Application of T. asperellum FbMi6 enriched neem cake (1-ton ha-1) increased (28.3%) the okra yield and decreased (57.1%) nematode population as compared with control. T. asperellum FbMi6...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020
Entomopathogenic nematodes, obligate insect pathogens, are widely used as biocontrol agents again... more Entomopathogenic nematodes, obligate insect pathogens, are widely used as biocontrol agents against economically important insect pests in different farming systems because they provide environmentally safe and sustainable crop protection. Hence the most important thing for the successful and reasonable usage of EPNs in crop protection is their production on large scale at competitive cost within a short time. In parallel to this, EPNs can be easily cultured either in-vivo or in vitro in the laboratory. The in vivo production is quite simple process as it involves the culturing on live insect host on the White Trap method, which involves the natural migration of IJs away from the infected host cadaver into the surrounding w+** ater layer. But the commercial production is quite impracticable due to high production costs, lacks of economies of scale and low nematode yields per gram of insect biomass. In place of that, the in vitro solid technology gives higher nematode yields per gram of solid media, which is based on introducing nematodes to a pure culture of the symbiotic bacteria into a nutritive, non-living medium that contains the sterile ingredients.
Indian journal of nematology, 2020
Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title], 2021
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural... more Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural crops. They are unseen foes of crops and devitalize plants by causing injury to plant roots or aboveground parts. From last few decades, increased attention has been paid to nematode problems in horticultural crops in open as well as under protected cultivation. PPNs are obligate parasites, mostly have wide host range and are widespread pathogens of horticultural crops. The dimension of damage is density dependent and their management options vary with type of crop, nematode species and other factors. Recent approaches to combat losses caused by nematodes are the use of nematicides, cultural practices and resistant cultivars that may be used singly or in an integrated manner. This book chapter gives an overview of the emerging nematode problems in horticultural crops and their management strategies.
Journal of Environmental Biology, 2020
Aim: Experiment conducted in the microplots infested with the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne jav... more Aim: Experiment conducted in the microplots infested with the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica against the germpalms of thechickpea, pigeon pea, mungbean and urdbean. Methodology: In this study, 71 genotypes of chickpea, 30 genotypes of pigeon pea, 14 genotypes of mungbean and 12 genotypes of urdbean were screened for their reaction to root-knot nematode, M. javanica in infested microplots. Initial nematode population was recorded. Various germplasms of pulses was sown in microplots. The plants were maintained as per the standard agronomic practices. All the germplasm were assessed to determine gall index. Results: Seventy one genotypes of chickpea were screened against M. javanica, among them 19 were highly resistant, 8 resistant and 12 were found to be moderately resistant. Out of 30 genotypes of pigeonpea, 19 were highly resistant, 2 were resistant and 3 were moderately resistant to the root-knot nematode. Fourteen genotypes of mungbean screened against M. javanica, none ...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2018
A pot experiment under screen house conditions was carried out to manage the root-knot nematode, ... more A pot experiment under screen house conditions was carried out to manage the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato by using different neem leaves @ 5, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg soil along with chemical as well as untreated checks. Soil was autoclaved and inoculated with root-knot nematode (1000 J2/kg soil). Neem leaves were incorporated to the soil in pot as treatment wise and a waiting period of ten days was given for decomposition of neem leaves before transplanting of tomato seedling. The results revealed that all plant growth parameters of tomato improved while the nematode reproduction factors were suppressed significantly in case of neem leaves and chemical checks as compare to untreated inoculated check. Among the doses neem leaves 30 g/ kg soil were found to be effective in suppressing galling (38) and final population in soil (170) followed by 20 g/ kg soil in improving plant growth of tomato and reducing reproduction of root knot nematode.
A pot experiment under polyhouse conditions was carried out to manage the root knot nematode, Mel... more A pot experiment under polyhouse conditions was carried out to manage the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by using different botanicals, viz., neem, aak, castor leaves and neem seed kernel powder @ 20 and 30 g/kg soil along with chemical as well as untreated checks. Soil was autoclaved and infested with root-knot nematode (1000J2/ kg soil). Chopped leaves of these phytotherapeutic substances were incorporated to the potted soil treatment wise and a waiting period of ten days was given before sowing of cucumber seeds. The results revealed that all plant growth parameters of cucumber improved while the nematode reproduction factors were suppressed significantly in case of all phytotherapeutic substances and chemical checks as compare to untreated inoculated check. However, higher dose (30 g/ kg) was significantly more effective as compared to the lower dose (20 g/ kg soil). Among phytotherapeutic substances, A. indica seed kernel powder were found to be most effective in sup...
Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber grown in th... more Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber grown in the polyhouse under protected conditions. The experiment was conducted in pots to evaluate the effect of nematode and fungus individually as well as in various sequential combinations i.e. simultaneous inoculation of nematode and fungus (SIS), nematode one week prior to fungus (1WBF) and nematode one week after fungus (1WAF). The results revealed that nematode inoculation caused significantly more reduction in plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length (SL), root length (RL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), fresh root weight (FRW), dry shoot weight (DSW) and dry root weight (DRW) of cucumber as a comparison to fungus alone, however, combined inoculation of the nematode and fungus was statistically significant with respect to reduction in plant growth parameter over their individual effect. Maximum and significantly more reduction in plant growth parameters viz., SL (125.5cm), RL (32.0cm), FSW (4...
Background: Complex disease caused by root-knot nematode and Fusarium fungus in cucumber is the m... more Background: Complex disease caused by root-knot nematode and Fusarium fungus in cucumber is the most destructive disease under polyhouse conditions. The study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Purpureocillium lilacinum against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex on cucumber.Results: All bioagents were taken @ 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg soil and liquid formulation of bioagents, @ 0.5 and 1 ml/ kg soil, Chemical checks as well as untreated check were also maintained. The bio-agents were mixed with the potted soil treatment wise. All the treatments significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length, root length, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry shoot weight and dry root weight as compared to untreated check. However, maximum improvement in plant growth parameter was recorded in case of carbofuran followed by higher dose of liq...
Relative efficacy of various approaches to managing Meloidogyne incognita and soil borne fungus, ... more Relative efficacy of various approaches to managing Meloidogyne incognita and soil borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in cucumber for two seasons was tested under protected cultivation. Several management practices adopted such as chemicals (fumigant, non-fumigant, and fungicide), organic amendments (Neem cake, leaves and oil, soil and seed treatment), and biocontrol agents (the egg-parasitic fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum), all practices combine for the management of disease. Eleven treatments with untreated control in a randomized block design. Two significant parameters were measured: plant growth parameter (plant height, dry root weight and yield) and disease parameters (galls/plant, final nematode population, egg masses/plant and fungal incidence). All treatments significantly improved plant growth parameters and reduced nematode reproduction as compared to untreated check. The integration of formalin and neem oil seed treatment favor the low root galling in...
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
A polyhouse study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma ... more A polyhouse study was conducted to determine the potential of biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Paecilomyces lilacinus) @ 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg soil and liquid formulation of bioagents, (T. viride + P. fluorescence + P. lilacinus) @ 0.5 and 1 ml/ kg soil, against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex on cucumber. Three main treatments, viz., nematode alone, fungus alone and both inoculated simultaneously were taken. Chemical checks with Bavistin @ 2 g/ l water and carbofuran @ 0.1 mg/ kg soil as well as untreated check were also maintained. Fungus was grown on sand maize meal medium. Soil was autoclaved and infested with root-knot nematode (1000 J 2 / kg soil) and fungus (50 g/ kg soil). The bio-agents were mixed with the potted soil treatment wise. A waiting period of three days was given for multiplication of bioagents on the organic matter before sowing. All the treatments significantly improved the plant growth parameter, viz., shoot length (SL), root length (RL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), fresh root weight (FRW), dry shoot weight (DSW) and dry root weight (DRW) as compared to untreated check. However, maximum improvement in plant growth parameter was recorded in case of carbofuran @ 0.1 mg /kg soil followed by higher dose liquid formulation of bioagents. Bavistin was least effective among all the treatments against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum disease complex.
Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title]
Growing of vegetable crops under protected conditions are relatively, an innovative technology an... more Growing of vegetable crops under protected conditions are relatively, an innovative technology and most popular among farmers throughout the country. In last few decades protected cultivation has shown potential enhancement in horticultural production. The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is an emerging nematode under protected conditions. This nematode can cause chlorosis, stunting and reduce yields associated with the induction of many root galls on host plants. Root-knot nematode severely affect the plant root system by inducing specialized feeding cells i.e., giant cells in the vascular tissues. Recently, this nematode has been considered as a worldwide menace for combat root-knot nematodes, integrated nematode management strategies such as soil solarization, biological control, organic amendment, crop rotation, field sanitation, and fumigants have been developed and successfully used in the past. Here, in this book chapter discussed on biology and life cycle,...
Journal of Plant Nutrition
Abstract Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) (Heterodera avenae) is a major root parasite of wheat through... more Abstract Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) (Heterodera avenae) is a major root parasite of wheat throughout the world. A pot experiment was conducted in screen house in CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2016–2017 for studying the nutrient uptake by wheat plants infected with H. avenae. Urea, single super phosphate (SSP), Muriate of potash (MOP), and zinc sulfate (Zn SO4) were applied singly and in combinations, and compared with a control without fertilizers. H. avenae reduced the uptake of nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and Zn) as compared to uninfested soil. Improved nutrients uptake was found in the treatment where all nutrients were applied in soil. Lesser uptake was recorded in the treatment where no nutrient was applied in soil. In the soil, more nutrients were recorded in infested soil as compared to uninfested soil and, nutrients were also more in soil in the treatments where individual nutrients were applied than their combined application.
Journal of Nematology
In Haryana, India, only carbofuran is registered for the management of root-knot nematodes. The o... more In Haryana, India, only carbofuran is registered for the management of root-knot nematodes. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of cruciferous bio-fumigants for the management of rootknot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in okra. The experiments were conducted at research area Department of Nematology in 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019. During this investigation, cruciferous biofumigants such as cabbage leaves and cauliflower leaves were used as bio-fumigant sources to protect Okra cv. Hisar Unnat. Fresh and chopped leaf mass of cabbage and cauliflower was incorporated uniformly into a naturally infested field. The initial nematode population in both years was 224 and 256 J 2 /200 cc soil, respectively. The results of our investigation showed that in both the years okra yield was enhanced significantly by the measures of nematode management. In addition, both of the tested bio-fumigant plants leaves proved to be potentially promising for the management of root-knot nematodes. Among the bio-fumigants, the highest decrease in nematode population, root gall index and increase in yield was observed in cabbage leaves @ 50 t/ha in both years, consecutively.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018