Selim Salama - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Selim Salama

Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases affecting poultry. Its importance i... more Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases affecting poultry. Its importance is derived from the loss in productivity in affected birds and the hazard it causes for public health. Vaccination is one of the best means for controlling salmonellosis in birds. In the present study the immunizing and protective efficacy of a newly locally prepared polyvalent inactivated oil adjuvanted Salmonella subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Kentucky vaccine had been studied. Evaluation of the prepared vaccine were adopted based on the standard regulations and comparison with the commercially available vaccine. This newly locally prepared vaccine was proved to be sterile and safe even if used in double field dose. Also the residues of both merthiolates and formaldhyde were under the standard permissible limit. Potency of the prepared vaccine was evaluated serologically using ELISA and by using challenge test. Challenge test showed 70 % protection when adopted post single dose vaccination raised to 82 % post booster dose vaccination when Salmonella Typhimurium virulent strain was used meanwhile it were 72 % and 84 % when virulent Salmonella Enteritidis was used and were 74 % and 86 % when Salmonella Kentucky virulent strain was used. From the obtained results, the locally prepared vaccine had the advantages over the commercial one allover the experimentation period and it be concluded that the locally prepared polyvalent Salmonella vaccine induced significant protection rates with higher antibody response in the vaccinated birds. Also it could be recommended that the production of local vaccine for usage in Egyptian farms is much better than importation of commercial vaccine.

veterinary medical journal Giza, 2009

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 2016

Salmonellosis is one of the major health problem affect pigeons and protection of pigeons against... more Salmonellosis is one of the major health problem affect pigeons and protection of pigeons against this disease is very important, for this purpose the present work was planned to prepare an inactivated Montanide ISA-206 oil adjuvant vaccine from a locally pigeon isolate of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and determined of the optimal dose, which protect pigeon against salmonellosis. Evaluation of such preparation following the quality control tests revealed that it was free from any foreign contaminants, safe and immunogenic. Pigeons were divided into six groups, three of them vaccinated subcutaneously with single dose (0.5ml) of different bacteria concentrations (10 8 ,10 9 and 10 10 CFU/ dose) and the others three received 2 doses with 3 weeks intervals with same route and concentrations. The vaccination/challenge assay with a virulent S. typhimurium organism using 5x10 7 CFU/dose revealed that protection rates of vaccinated birds were 70% ,75% and 75% for the first three groups (Ia, IIa, IIIa) respectively, while the other three groups gave 80%, 85% and 85% protection(Ib, IIb, IIIb) respectively.Control groups could not withstand the challenge and protection rate were 15% and 20% respectively. The seroevaluation showed that the humoral immune response developed against S. typhimurium in vaccinated pigeons was high. On conclusion the optimal dose of the prepared vaccine should be 10 9 CFU/dose applied twice with three weeks interval, which can cover the needed requirements and protect pigeon against salmonellosis.

Vaccines Research & Vaccination

Diseases causing diarrhea are one of the major causes of deaths in low and middle income countries

Background: Colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases of the poultry industry around t... more Background: Colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases of the poultry industry around the world. It causes considerable economic damage every year. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are important cause of food-borne illness. Vaccination plays an important role in the overall bio-security system. This study aimed to the use of enumeration of viable bacterial count as an alternative method to challenge test to quantify the colony-forming units (CFU) of specified live bacterial poultry vaccines. Material and methods: Two different live vaccinal mutant (aroA gene deleted E. coli O78 and aroA gene deleted S. Typhimurium STM-1 vaccines) were used in this study. The bacterial count was applied in each vaccine and different doses for each vaccine above and below the vaccinal dose were calculated and adjusted then inoculated in different groups of one day old SPF chicks and observed for 3 weeks for safety and shedding of the vaccinal organisms then challenged with t...

SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH, 2019

The current study was designed to detect, isolate and identify the etiological agents of SHS in c... more The current study was designed to detect, isolate and identify the etiological agents of SHS in chicken flocks in Egypt. Clinical samples, including the trachea, lung and choanal cleft swabs, from different flocks, ages and localities were collected from non-vaccinated commercial broiler flocks with respiratory signs then transmitted directly to the laboratory for further examination. Avian metapneumovirus RNA (aMPV RNA) was extracted then amplified using one step RT-PCR using both subtype A and B (G gene) primers then differentiation occurred by real time PCR (qPCR). Swab samples from subcutaneous edema and exudates were directly cultured and the suspected bacterial colonies were biochemically identified then confirmed by PCR. Four samples were positive and one doubtful for aMPV using RT-PCR confirmed by qPCR. Bacteria isolation revealed that out of 40 samples, 16 samples were positive for E.coli, 4 samples were positive for P. aeruginosa, 6 samples were positive for P. mirabilis, 4 were mixed E. coli and P. aeruginosa, 8 were mixed E. coli with P. mirabilis and 2 samples were mixed P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Depending on these findings, we could prescribe a preliminary guide to decrease SHS outbreaks by primary control of bacterial complication.

Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, 2017

In this study Avian Influenza type A (H5N1) virus was isolated from duck farm eight weeks of age ... more In this study Avian Influenza type A (H5N1) virus was isolated from duck farm eight weeks of age and showing clinical manifestation of avian influenza infection. The obtained isolate was differentiated from the haemagglutinating agents using different specific antisera. To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolated virus, Specific Pathogenic Free (SPF) chickens were infected with such isolate. The birds showed clinical manifestation and the total mortalities were 1007o within 48 hours post-infection. The same results were obtained when the isolated virus was used in infection of ducks but with total mortaliti es 70%o. Reverse transoiptase polyrnerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) was conducted for both H5 and Nl genes using specific primers and the obtained PCR products were at the molecular weight of 219 and 616 bp respectively. Sequence analysis for both genes (H5 and Nl) PCR products were analyzed then compared with such available on GenBank and the obtained results showedthat 99%;o similarity with virus sequences of chicken origin for both H and N genes while it was the same result regarding H gene sequence of virus from duck origin yearly 2010 and 2011, while it was 98% and 97o/o similarity when compared with the N gene sequences yearling 2010 and 2011 respectively. The obtained results revealed that the AI virus isolated from ducks yearly 2010 showed great similarity with that causing epidemics yearly 2010 and 20ll and the virus was circulating between ducks and chickens which increases the epidemiology between farms in Egypt . Genetic and Pathogenic characterization of avian influenza H5N1 isolated from duck in Egypt

Journal of Veterinary Medical Research, Mar 1, 2010

In this study, a combined Trivalent vaccine against ND, IB and M. gallisepticum was locally prepa... more In this study, a combined Trivalent vaccine against ND, IB and M. gallisepticum was locally prepared and evaluated in comparison with other locally prepared Bivalent ND and IB and monovalent M. gallisepticum vaccines. The obtained results were promising for this locally prepared Trivalent vaccine and the immune response was outstanding starting at the 2 nd week post vaccination and showed extended raising allover the experiment period. The immune response of chickens vaccinated with the Trivalent was shoot up post boostering at the 8 th week post 1 st vaccination. These results were confirmed and supported by the challenge tests using the virulent strains of the three pathogens. So it could be recommend that the production of this Trivalent ND, IB and M. gallisepticum will help in the control of the three diseases and their complications.

2 Abstract: The target of this study is to perform the identity tests on certain bacterial strain... more 2 Abstract: The target of this study is to perform the identity tests on certain bacterial strains prior to its usage in the preparation of local polyvalent inactivated vaccine in a trial to protect chickens against the chronic respiratory disease (CRD). These strains include Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli strains. All of these strains subjected to bacteriological, biochemical and serological identifications in addition to the molecular confirmation. Results of these identity tests ensured that the will be used bacterial strains are Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6 strain and the E. coli serotypes are E. coli O1, E. coli O2 and E. coli O78. Polymerase chain reaction applied on the same strains for each confirmed these results as the obtained size of PCR product was 185 bp with the M. gallisepticum S6 strain when using the specific primers of the 16SrRNA gene of M. gallisepticum and were 323 bp with the different E. coli serotypes when using the specific primers of STX gene.

This study was planned to prepare and evaluate the immunizing and protective efficacy of an inact... more This study was planned to prepare and evaluate the immunizing and protective efficacy of an inactivated combined vaccine containing S. enteritidis, S. typhimuriumbacterins and C. perfringens type A and C toxoids. According to the type of adjuvant used, two vaccine formulations were investigated; one of them was adjuvanted with mineral oil and the other with Nigella sativa oil. Three groups of chickens (80 chicks/group) were vaccinated twice S/C. The first group was vaccinated with the mineral oil adjuvanted vaccine, the second group was vaccinated with the N. sativaadjuvanted vaccine and the third group was kept unvaccinated as control group. Blood samples were collected weekly and humeral immune response was measured against Salmonellabacterins using ELISA and against C. perfringens toxoids using SNT. The prepared vaccines induced significantly high protection rates in challenge test using virulent Salmonella strains and significant clearance of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium fr...

2 Abstract: The purpose of study was to surveying and identifying the bacterial causes of bovine ... more 2 Abstract: The purpose of study was to surveying and identifying the bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. One hundred and twelve bovine milk samples from clinical, sub-clinical and apparently healthy cases were collected and were tested by CMT and SCC The percentage of subclinical mastitis was 56.3% while that of clinical mastitis was 13.3%, these +ve samples were used for bacteriological culture to isolate the bacterial agents causing mastitis on different types of media. And then were identified using different API systems. The causative agents were either single pathogens like E. coli (25.5%), S. aureus (14.8%), CNS (12.7%) St. agalactiae (12.7%), St. pyogens (10.6%) K. pneumoniae (8.5%), Salmonella spp. (4.2%), Proteus species. (4.2%), Ps. aerguinosa (4.2%) and C. albicans (2.1%) or mixed infection were including S. aureus plus E. coli had the highest prevalent rate (17.8%) followed by E. coli plus K. pneumoniae, S. aureus plus K. pneumoniae and CNS plus E. coli, gave14.2%. the...

Citation: Eman Soliman., et al. “Comparative Study Between the Immune Response of Different RHDV ... more Citation: Eman Soliman., et al. “Comparative Study Between the Immune Response of Different RHDV Vaccines Used in Rabbit Farms in Egypt”. EC Veterinary Science 5.12 (2020): 84-91. Abstract Eman Soliman1*, Desoky Mohamed Mourad2, Hanan Saad EL Samahy2, Mossad W G3, Fatma EL Zahraa Gamal EL Din1 and Selim Selim Salama1 1Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agriculture research center 2Desert Research Center, Agriculture research center 3Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agriculture research center

Journal of World's Poultry Research

Fowl cholera is a septicemic respiratory complex caused by Pasteurella multocida, widely distribu... more Fowl cholera is a septicemic respiratory complex caused by Pasteurella multocida, widely distributed in poultry and other avian species and of major economic importance. A total of 37 different inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccines from different sources either locally prepared or imported from different sources were comparatively tested for relative potency following both single dose and booster dose vaccination assays. The study objective was to minimize the time factor exhausted in the evaluation processes of the inactivated fowl cholera vaccines. So it is planned to compare between single and booster dose vaccinations and their related potency. Correlation between protection associated with the single dose and booster dose vaccination were evaluated and average requirement for protection was 43.7% in single dose vaccination assay compared to 76.2 % associated with booster dose vaccination assay. In the same concern, the correlation between both assays for the seroconversion was estimated using ELISA and the minimum requirement was 1.8× cut off value in the single dose vaccination assay compared to 2.25× cut off value in the booster dose vaccination assay. In conclusion, single dose vaccination assay could be valuable in the evaluation of inactivated fowl cholera vaccines through determination of protection indices and/or estimation of humoral immune response if the above mentioned data is considered.

Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access

A total of 37 different inactivated P. multocida vaccines from different sources either locally p... more A total of 37 different inactivated P. multocida vaccines from different sources either locally prepared or imported from different sources were comparatively tested for relative potency following both single dose and booster dose vaccination assays. The study objective was to minimize the time factor exhausted in the evaluation processes of the inactivated fowl cholera vaccines. So it is planned to compare between single and booster dose vaccinations and their related potency. Correlation between protection associated with the single dose and booster dose vaccination were evaluated and average requirement for protection was 43.7% in single dose vaccination assay compared to 76.2 % associated with booster dose vaccination assay. In the same concern, the correlation between both assays for the seroconversion was estimated using ELISA and the minimum requirement was 1.8X cut off value in the single dose vaccination assay compared to 2.25X cut off value in the booster dose vaccination assay. In conclusion, single dose vaccination assay could be valuable in the evaluation of inactivated fowl cholera vaccines through determination of protection indices and/or estimation of humoral immune response if the above mentioned data is considered.

Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access

Background: Infection with Salmonella species is a major health concern for human and animals on ... more Background: Infection with Salmonella species is a major health concern for human and animals on a global scale. Most cases of Salmonellosis results in complicated diarrhea, elderly and immune-compromised persons can be at risk for more severe invasive infections which can be life threatening. Control of Salmonellosis in poultry by vaccination is a possible means of controlling the problems. Material and method: Two different inactivated trivalent S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky vaccine batches of 2 different origins were used to vaccinate salmonella free chickens with either single dose or single then booster dose vaccination programs. These chickens were reared in clean separated pens and later on were challenged with virulent S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky virulent strains 3 weeks post single or booster doses. Then protective indices was estimated as mean of vaccine evaluation. Results: Vaccinated birds showed varied protection according to challenge strains, vaccination program and origin of vaccine. Protective indices was estimated as 71% and 66.2% for local and commercial inactivated trivalent salmonella vaccine respectively when chicken challenged 3 weeks post single dose vaccination. Protective indices raised up to 82.5% and 79.5% respectively when birds challenged 3 weeks post booster vaccination. Conclusion: Evaluation of the combined salmonella vaccine depending on protective indices is more obvious and the picture more better than evaluation depending on either measurement of humoral response or mortalities post challenge because of protective indices depends on several parameters reflecting the immune status of the birds including mortalities , clinical signs and post mortem lesions.

SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH

Fowl cholera (FC) and Avian Influenza (AI) are two of the major economically important respirator... more Fowl cholera (FC) and Avian Influenza (AI) are two of the major economically important respiratory and septicaemic disease of poultry in Egypt and allover the world. A field trails was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of an experimentally multivalent inactivated Fowl cholera (P. multocida) and Avian Influenza (H9N2) vaccine. The In this study a combined inactivated Montanide ISA fowl cholera and AI vaccine was prepared then the immunization potency and protective efficacy were evaluated through experimental application on different poultry breeds including broiler breeder, broiler and turkey flocks.The peak of humeral immune response against P. multocida as measured by ELISA was at the 5th week post vaccination and at 3rd week post boostering all over the used poultry flocks. At the same time, AI immune response as measured by HI reached the peak at the 6 th week post vaccination and at 2 nd week post boostering. Regarding the challenge test, the protection levels were 76.6, 70 and 80% and 90, 86.6 and 93.3% against P. multocida while protection levels were 83.3, 80 and 86.6% and 93.3, 90 and 96.6% against AI virus after challenge with the used virulent strains post single and booster dose respectively. In conclusion the combined prepared fowl cholera and AI vaccine succeeded in eliciting protective antibody titres and full protection against both fowl cholera and AI diseases.

The purpose of study was to surveying and identifying the bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. On... more The purpose of study was to surveying and identifying the bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. One hundred and twelve bovine milk samples from clinical, sub-clinical and apparently healthy cases were collected and were tested by CMT and SCC The percentage of subclinical mastitis was 56.3% while that of clinical mastitis was 13.3%, these +ve samples were used for bacteriological culture to isolate the bacterial agents causing mastitis on different types of media. And then were identified using different API systems. The causative agents were either single pathogens like E. coli (25.5%), S. aureus (14.8%), CNS (12.7%) St. agalactiae (12.7%), St. pyogens (10.6%) K. pneumoniae (8.5%), Salmonella spp. (4.2%), Proteus species. (4.2%), Ps. aerguinosa (4.2%) and C. albicans (2.1%) or mixed infection were including S. aureus plus E. coli had the highest prevalent rate (17.8%) followed by E. coli plus K. pneumoniae, S. aureus plus K. pneumoniae and CNS plus E. coli, gave14.2%. then followed by S. aureus plus St. agalactiae plus E. coli, S. aureus plus E. coli plus K. pneumoniae, St. agalactiae plus E. coli, St. pyogens plus E. Coli and CNS plus K. pneumoniae gave 7.1%. The lowest prevalent mixied infection was Proteus spp. plus S. aureus displayed 3.5%.

Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases affecting poultry. Its importance i... more Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases affecting poultry. Its importance is derived from the loss in productivity in affected birds and the hazard it causes for public health. Vaccination is one of the best means for controlling salmonellosis in birds. In the present study the immunizing and protective efficacy of a newly locally prepared polyvalent inactivated oil adjuvanted Salmonella subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Kentucky vaccine had been studied. Evaluation of the prepared vaccine were adopted based on the standard regulations and comparison with the commercially available vaccine. This newly locally prepared vaccine was proved to be sterile and safe even if used in double field dose. Also the residues of both merthiolates and formaldhyde were under the standard permissible limit. Potency of the prepared vaccine was evaluated serologically using ELISA and by using challenge test. Challenge test showed 70 % protection when adopted post single dose vaccination raised to 82 % post booster dose vaccination when Salmonella Typhimurium virulent strain was used meanwhile it were 72 % and 84 % when virulent Salmonella Enteritidis was used and were 74 % and 86 % when Salmonella Kentucky virulent strain was used. From the obtained results, the locally prepared vaccine had the advantages over the commercial one allover the experimentation period and it be concluded that the locally prepared polyvalent Salmonella vaccine induced significant protection rates with higher antibody response in the vaccinated birds. Also it could be recommended that the production of local vaccine for usage in Egyptian farms is much better than importation of commercial vaccine.

veterinary medical journal Giza, 2009

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 2016

Salmonellosis is one of the major health problem affect pigeons and protection of pigeons against... more Salmonellosis is one of the major health problem affect pigeons and protection of pigeons against this disease is very important, for this purpose the present work was planned to prepare an inactivated Montanide ISA-206 oil adjuvant vaccine from a locally pigeon isolate of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and determined of the optimal dose, which protect pigeon against salmonellosis. Evaluation of such preparation following the quality control tests revealed that it was free from any foreign contaminants, safe and immunogenic. Pigeons were divided into six groups, three of them vaccinated subcutaneously with single dose (0.5ml) of different bacteria concentrations (10 8 ,10 9 and 10 10 CFU/ dose) and the others three received 2 doses with 3 weeks intervals with same route and concentrations. The vaccination/challenge assay with a virulent S. typhimurium organism using 5x10 7 CFU/dose revealed that protection rates of vaccinated birds were 70% ,75% and 75% for the first three groups (Ia, IIa, IIIa) respectively, while the other three groups gave 80%, 85% and 85% protection(Ib, IIb, IIIb) respectively.Control groups could not withstand the challenge and protection rate were 15% and 20% respectively. The seroevaluation showed that the humoral immune response developed against S. typhimurium in vaccinated pigeons was high. On conclusion the optimal dose of the prepared vaccine should be 10 9 CFU/dose applied twice with three weeks interval, which can cover the needed requirements and protect pigeon against salmonellosis.

Vaccines Research & Vaccination

Diseases causing diarrhea are one of the major causes of deaths in low and middle income countries

Background: Colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases of the poultry industry around t... more Background: Colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases of the poultry industry around the world. It causes considerable economic damage every year. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are important cause of food-borne illness. Vaccination plays an important role in the overall bio-security system. This study aimed to the use of enumeration of viable bacterial count as an alternative method to challenge test to quantify the colony-forming units (CFU) of specified live bacterial poultry vaccines. Material and methods: Two different live vaccinal mutant (aroA gene deleted E. coli O78 and aroA gene deleted S. Typhimurium STM-1 vaccines) were used in this study. The bacterial count was applied in each vaccine and different doses for each vaccine above and below the vaccinal dose were calculated and adjusted then inoculated in different groups of one day old SPF chicks and observed for 3 weeks for safety and shedding of the vaccinal organisms then challenged with t...

SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH, 2019

The current study was designed to detect, isolate and identify the etiological agents of SHS in c... more The current study was designed to detect, isolate and identify the etiological agents of SHS in chicken flocks in Egypt. Clinical samples, including the trachea, lung and choanal cleft swabs, from different flocks, ages and localities were collected from non-vaccinated commercial broiler flocks with respiratory signs then transmitted directly to the laboratory for further examination. Avian metapneumovirus RNA (aMPV RNA) was extracted then amplified using one step RT-PCR using both subtype A and B (G gene) primers then differentiation occurred by real time PCR (qPCR). Swab samples from subcutaneous edema and exudates were directly cultured and the suspected bacterial colonies were biochemically identified then confirmed by PCR. Four samples were positive and one doubtful for aMPV using RT-PCR confirmed by qPCR. Bacteria isolation revealed that out of 40 samples, 16 samples were positive for E.coli, 4 samples were positive for P. aeruginosa, 6 samples were positive for P. mirabilis, 4 were mixed E. coli and P. aeruginosa, 8 were mixed E. coli with P. mirabilis and 2 samples were mixed P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Depending on these findings, we could prescribe a preliminary guide to decrease SHS outbreaks by primary control of bacterial complication.

Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, 2017

In this study Avian Influenza type A (H5N1) virus was isolated from duck farm eight weeks of age ... more In this study Avian Influenza type A (H5N1) virus was isolated from duck farm eight weeks of age and showing clinical manifestation of avian influenza infection. The obtained isolate was differentiated from the haemagglutinating agents using different specific antisera. To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolated virus, Specific Pathogenic Free (SPF) chickens were infected with such isolate. The birds showed clinical manifestation and the total mortalities were 1007o within 48 hours post-infection. The same results were obtained when the isolated virus was used in infection of ducks but with total mortaliti es 70%o. Reverse transoiptase polyrnerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) was conducted for both H5 and Nl genes using specific primers and the obtained PCR products were at the molecular weight of 219 and 616 bp respectively. Sequence analysis for both genes (H5 and Nl) PCR products were analyzed then compared with such available on GenBank and the obtained results showedthat 99%;o similarity with virus sequences of chicken origin for both H and N genes while it was the same result regarding H gene sequence of virus from duck origin yearly 2010 and 2011, while it was 98% and 97o/o similarity when compared with the N gene sequences yearling 2010 and 2011 respectively. The obtained results revealed that the AI virus isolated from ducks yearly 2010 showed great similarity with that causing epidemics yearly 2010 and 20ll and the virus was circulating between ducks and chickens which increases the epidemiology between farms in Egypt . Genetic and Pathogenic characterization of avian influenza H5N1 isolated from duck in Egypt

Journal of Veterinary Medical Research, Mar 1, 2010

In this study, a combined Trivalent vaccine against ND, IB and M. gallisepticum was locally prepa... more In this study, a combined Trivalent vaccine against ND, IB and M. gallisepticum was locally prepared and evaluated in comparison with other locally prepared Bivalent ND and IB and monovalent M. gallisepticum vaccines. The obtained results were promising for this locally prepared Trivalent vaccine and the immune response was outstanding starting at the 2 nd week post vaccination and showed extended raising allover the experiment period. The immune response of chickens vaccinated with the Trivalent was shoot up post boostering at the 8 th week post 1 st vaccination. These results were confirmed and supported by the challenge tests using the virulent strains of the three pathogens. So it could be recommend that the production of this Trivalent ND, IB and M. gallisepticum will help in the control of the three diseases and their complications.

2 Abstract: The target of this study is to perform the identity tests on certain bacterial strain... more 2 Abstract: The target of this study is to perform the identity tests on certain bacterial strains prior to its usage in the preparation of local polyvalent inactivated vaccine in a trial to protect chickens against the chronic respiratory disease (CRD). These strains include Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli strains. All of these strains subjected to bacteriological, biochemical and serological identifications in addition to the molecular confirmation. Results of these identity tests ensured that the will be used bacterial strains are Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6 strain and the E. coli serotypes are E. coli O1, E. coli O2 and E. coli O78. Polymerase chain reaction applied on the same strains for each confirmed these results as the obtained size of PCR product was 185 bp with the M. gallisepticum S6 strain when using the specific primers of the 16SrRNA gene of M. gallisepticum and were 323 bp with the different E. coli serotypes when using the specific primers of STX gene.

This study was planned to prepare and evaluate the immunizing and protective efficacy of an inact... more This study was planned to prepare and evaluate the immunizing and protective efficacy of an inactivated combined vaccine containing S. enteritidis, S. typhimuriumbacterins and C. perfringens type A and C toxoids. According to the type of adjuvant used, two vaccine formulations were investigated; one of them was adjuvanted with mineral oil and the other with Nigella sativa oil. Three groups of chickens (80 chicks/group) were vaccinated twice S/C. The first group was vaccinated with the mineral oil adjuvanted vaccine, the second group was vaccinated with the N. sativaadjuvanted vaccine and the third group was kept unvaccinated as control group. Blood samples were collected weekly and humeral immune response was measured against Salmonellabacterins using ELISA and against C. perfringens toxoids using SNT. The prepared vaccines induced significantly high protection rates in challenge test using virulent Salmonella strains and significant clearance of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium fr...

2 Abstract: The purpose of study was to surveying and identifying the bacterial causes of bovine ... more 2 Abstract: The purpose of study was to surveying and identifying the bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. One hundred and twelve bovine milk samples from clinical, sub-clinical and apparently healthy cases were collected and were tested by CMT and SCC The percentage of subclinical mastitis was 56.3% while that of clinical mastitis was 13.3%, these +ve samples were used for bacteriological culture to isolate the bacterial agents causing mastitis on different types of media. And then were identified using different API systems. The causative agents were either single pathogens like E. coli (25.5%), S. aureus (14.8%), CNS (12.7%) St. agalactiae (12.7%), St. pyogens (10.6%) K. pneumoniae (8.5%), Salmonella spp. (4.2%), Proteus species. (4.2%), Ps. aerguinosa (4.2%) and C. albicans (2.1%) or mixed infection were including S. aureus plus E. coli had the highest prevalent rate (17.8%) followed by E. coli plus K. pneumoniae, S. aureus plus K. pneumoniae and CNS plus E. coli, gave14.2%. the...

Citation: Eman Soliman., et al. “Comparative Study Between the Immune Response of Different RHDV ... more Citation: Eman Soliman., et al. “Comparative Study Between the Immune Response of Different RHDV Vaccines Used in Rabbit Farms in Egypt”. EC Veterinary Science 5.12 (2020): 84-91. Abstract Eman Soliman1*, Desoky Mohamed Mourad2, Hanan Saad EL Samahy2, Mossad W G3, Fatma EL Zahraa Gamal EL Din1 and Selim Selim Salama1 1Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agriculture research center 2Desert Research Center, Agriculture research center 3Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agriculture research center

Journal of World's Poultry Research

Fowl cholera is a septicemic respiratory complex caused by Pasteurella multocida, widely distribu... more Fowl cholera is a septicemic respiratory complex caused by Pasteurella multocida, widely distributed in poultry and other avian species and of major economic importance. A total of 37 different inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccines from different sources either locally prepared or imported from different sources were comparatively tested for relative potency following both single dose and booster dose vaccination assays. The study objective was to minimize the time factor exhausted in the evaluation processes of the inactivated fowl cholera vaccines. So it is planned to compare between single and booster dose vaccinations and their related potency. Correlation between protection associated with the single dose and booster dose vaccination were evaluated and average requirement for protection was 43.7% in single dose vaccination assay compared to 76.2 % associated with booster dose vaccination assay. In the same concern, the correlation between both assays for the seroconversion was estimated using ELISA and the minimum requirement was 1.8× cut off value in the single dose vaccination assay compared to 2.25× cut off value in the booster dose vaccination assay. In conclusion, single dose vaccination assay could be valuable in the evaluation of inactivated fowl cholera vaccines through determination of protection indices and/or estimation of humoral immune response if the above mentioned data is considered.

Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access

A total of 37 different inactivated P. multocida vaccines from different sources either locally p... more A total of 37 different inactivated P. multocida vaccines from different sources either locally prepared or imported from different sources were comparatively tested for relative potency following both single dose and booster dose vaccination assays. The study objective was to minimize the time factor exhausted in the evaluation processes of the inactivated fowl cholera vaccines. So it is planned to compare between single and booster dose vaccinations and their related potency. Correlation between protection associated with the single dose and booster dose vaccination were evaluated and average requirement for protection was 43.7% in single dose vaccination assay compared to 76.2 % associated with booster dose vaccination assay. In the same concern, the correlation between both assays for the seroconversion was estimated using ELISA and the minimum requirement was 1.8X cut off value in the single dose vaccination assay compared to 2.25X cut off value in the booster dose vaccination assay. In conclusion, single dose vaccination assay could be valuable in the evaluation of inactivated fowl cholera vaccines through determination of protection indices and/or estimation of humoral immune response if the above mentioned data is considered.

Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access

Background: Infection with Salmonella species is a major health concern for human and animals on ... more Background: Infection with Salmonella species is a major health concern for human and animals on a global scale. Most cases of Salmonellosis results in complicated diarrhea, elderly and immune-compromised persons can be at risk for more severe invasive infections which can be life threatening. Control of Salmonellosis in poultry by vaccination is a possible means of controlling the problems. Material and method: Two different inactivated trivalent S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky vaccine batches of 2 different origins were used to vaccinate salmonella free chickens with either single dose or single then booster dose vaccination programs. These chickens were reared in clean separated pens and later on were challenged with virulent S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky virulent strains 3 weeks post single or booster doses. Then protective indices was estimated as mean of vaccine evaluation. Results: Vaccinated birds showed varied protection according to challenge strains, vaccination program and origin of vaccine. Protective indices was estimated as 71% and 66.2% for local and commercial inactivated trivalent salmonella vaccine respectively when chicken challenged 3 weeks post single dose vaccination. Protective indices raised up to 82.5% and 79.5% respectively when birds challenged 3 weeks post booster vaccination. Conclusion: Evaluation of the combined salmonella vaccine depending on protective indices is more obvious and the picture more better than evaluation depending on either measurement of humoral response or mortalities post challenge because of protective indices depends on several parameters reflecting the immune status of the birds including mortalities , clinical signs and post mortem lesions.

SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH

Fowl cholera (FC) and Avian Influenza (AI) are two of the major economically important respirator... more Fowl cholera (FC) and Avian Influenza (AI) are two of the major economically important respiratory and septicaemic disease of poultry in Egypt and allover the world. A field trails was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of an experimentally multivalent inactivated Fowl cholera (P. multocida) and Avian Influenza (H9N2) vaccine. The In this study a combined inactivated Montanide ISA fowl cholera and AI vaccine was prepared then the immunization potency and protective efficacy were evaluated through experimental application on different poultry breeds including broiler breeder, broiler and turkey flocks.The peak of humeral immune response against P. multocida as measured by ELISA was at the 5th week post vaccination and at 3rd week post boostering all over the used poultry flocks. At the same time, AI immune response as measured by HI reached the peak at the 6 th week post vaccination and at 2 nd week post boostering. Regarding the challenge test, the protection levels were 76.6, 70 and 80% and 90, 86.6 and 93.3% against P. multocida while protection levels were 83.3, 80 and 86.6% and 93.3, 90 and 96.6% against AI virus after challenge with the used virulent strains post single and booster dose respectively. In conclusion the combined prepared fowl cholera and AI vaccine succeeded in eliciting protective antibody titres and full protection against both fowl cholera and AI diseases.

The purpose of study was to surveying and identifying the bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. On... more The purpose of study was to surveying and identifying the bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. One hundred and twelve bovine milk samples from clinical, sub-clinical and apparently healthy cases were collected and were tested by CMT and SCC The percentage of subclinical mastitis was 56.3% while that of clinical mastitis was 13.3%, these +ve samples were used for bacteriological culture to isolate the bacterial agents causing mastitis on different types of media. And then were identified using different API systems. The causative agents were either single pathogens like E. coli (25.5%), S. aureus (14.8%), CNS (12.7%) St. agalactiae (12.7%), St. pyogens (10.6%) K. pneumoniae (8.5%), Salmonella spp. (4.2%), Proteus species. (4.2%), Ps. aerguinosa (4.2%) and C. albicans (2.1%) or mixed infection were including S. aureus plus E. coli had the highest prevalent rate (17.8%) followed by E. coli plus K. pneumoniae, S. aureus plus K. pneumoniae and CNS plus E. coli, gave14.2%. then followed by S. aureus plus St. agalactiae plus E. coli, S. aureus plus E. coli plus K. pneumoniae, St. agalactiae plus E. coli, St. pyogens plus E. Coli and CNS plus K. pneumoniae gave 7.1%. The lowest prevalent mixied infection was Proteus spp. plus S. aureus displayed 3.5%.