Shanthini Rosairo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shanthini Rosairo

Sri Lanka journal of medicine, Aug 15, 2022

Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip is an uncommon disorder characterized by the progressive destr... more Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip is an uncommon disorder characterized by the progressive destruction and ultimate loss of articular cartilage of the hip joint. While trauma, infection and immobilisation can lead to chondrolysis of the hip, the exact underlying cause for idiopathic chondrolysis is not clearly defined. Studies have suggested immunological aetiology for idiopathic chondrolysis. Imaging studies including plain radiography and MRI scanning are useful in diagnosis this condition at early stages. We present a case report of this rare condition in a preadolescent girl with the emphasis of early imaging findings which helped in arriving the accurate diagnosis.

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2014

Germinal Matrix Haemorrhage (GMH) and Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) are two common types of ... more Germinal Matrix Haemorrhage (GMH) and Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) are two common types of brain injuries seen in preterm neonates for which cerebral hypoxia and ischaemia are major contributory factors. The objective of this study was to determine the type and grade of GMH and PVL on cranial ultrasonography to predict the neuro-developmental outcome. This is a descriptive study. Two hundred and sixty four preterm neonates between 28-34 weeks of gestation with risk factors and clinical features of brain injuries admitted to Special Care Baby Unit (SBU), Teaching Hospital Peradeniya from January 2013 to December 2013 were included in the study. Neonates with congenital anomalies, traumatic birth injuries, recurrent hypoglycaemia and bleeding disorders were excluded. Cranial ultrasound scans were done by an experienced Medical Officer, Professor of Radiology and Consultant Radiologist using a dedicated neonatal head probe 4-10 MHz of Logic e portable ultrasound scanner. Measurem...

Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2016

The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiation dose to skin overlying thyroid during mammogra... more The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiation dose to skin overlying thyroid during mammography. This was an observational descriptive study carried out using mammography equipment in a private medical institute in Srilanka. Consequent 75patients were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a constructive data sheet. Total accumulated radiation dose to skin overlying the thyroid was measured for each mammography projection in each patient by placing an electronic pocket dosimeter at the level of the palpable thyroid cartilage. The mammography projection, thickness of the compressed breast and the distance between the breast and skin overlying thyroid after applying the compression were measured. mAs and kVp also were recorded. Mean age of the patients were 51 (±11) years and among 75 patients 80% were referred to diagnostic mammogram while 20% were referred to screening mammogram. Accumulated Equivalent Radiation dos...

PLOS ONE, 2015

A—Pure cholesterol stone and pale areas of mixed cholesterol stone composed of cholester... more A—Pure cholesterol stone and pale areas of mixed cholesterol stone composed of cholesterol (1465, 1381, and 1056 cm-1). B—Pigmented areas of mixed cholesterol stone composed of calcium bilirubinate (1658, 1631, 1573 and 1249 cm-1), calcium carbonate (1462, 871 and 698 cm-1) and calcium phosphate (1026, 606 and 505 cm-1). C—Pigment stone composed of calcium bilirubinate (1658, 1627, 1566 and 1249 cm-1). D—Pigment stone composed of calcium bilirubinate (1658, 1627, 1566 and 1249 cm-1), calcium carbonate (1450, 694 1658, 1627, 1566 and 1249 cm-1) and calcium phosphate (1080, 1033, 609 and 547 cm-1). E—Pigment stone composed of calcium bilirubinate (1666, 1620, 1573 and 1249 cm-1) and calcium palmitate (2916, 2846, 1543, 1103 and 756 cm-1).</p

The amount of radiation received by the patient who is undergoing X-ray examination needs to be q... more The amount of radiation received by the patient who is undergoing X-ray examination needs to be quantified to estimate the possibility of harm. Patient doses in radiography primarily depend on the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and the sensitivity of the organs and tissues that are irradiated during the radiographic examination. This study aimed to assess the ESDs to the patients of age over 18years, who are undergoing Postero-Anterior (PA) erect chest X-ray examinations at the Kurunegala Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka and to determine whether the estimated mean ESD value is higher than the recommended value of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or not. A quantitative study was done on a convenience sample of fifty (50) patients selected separately for two (2) X-ray machines using an indirect method to estimate the ESD. Mean ESD value was calculated for each machine and finally this calculated value was compared with the recommended mean value given by IAEA using the Z-test. The r...

Sri Lanka Journal of Radiology, 2016

Sri Lanka Journal of Surgery, 2018

This is a descriptive study of chronic ischaemia of the lower limb caused by atherosclerotic dise... more This is a descriptive study of chronic ischaemia of the lower limb caused by atherosclerotic disease in 588 patients. The study was performed over 34 years in a tertiary clinic in the central province of Sri Lanka. It was found that the pattern of occlusions were similar to that of other reports on western patients. However, critical ischaemia was seen in 57% of Sri Lankan patients, suggesting a more florid disease. Pioneering efforts of reconstructive surgery in 278 patients and in-hospital results are presented.

Objective: To assess the data quality of request forms for lumbar spine X-ray received by a terti... more Objective: To assess the data quality of request forms for lumbar spine X-ray received by a tertiary care hospital in the Central Province, Sri Lanka. Results: A total number of 185 lumbar spine X-ray request forms received by the Department of Radiology were analysed. Data quality was assessed on the aspects of completeness, accuracy and legibility. Completeness was assessed for different sections separately and altogether eight sections in the request forms were analyzed. Out of the 185 request forms, 138 (74.5%) had complete entries for all the eight sections. Thirteen (7.0%) requests failed to provide the clinical history. Five request forms (2.7%) failed to provide the sex and the age of the patient. Thirty two (17.3%) did not provide details on the region of examination. Accuracy was assessed in relation to the clinical history and region of examination. In the 172 requests, which gave a clinical history, 167 (97.1%) provided relevant clinical histories for requesting lumbar s...

Can the type of gallstones be predicted with known possible risk factors?: a comparison between m... more Can the type of gallstones be predicted with known possible risk factors?: a comparison between mixed cholesterol and black pigment Conclusion: Gender, ethnicity and body mass index can be used to predict the formation of mixed cholesterol GS Weerakoon et al. BMC Gastroenterology 2014, 14:88

The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 2020

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of different combined oral contraceptive pills and metformin in red... more BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of different combined oral contraceptive pills and metformin in reducing hirsutism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of ethinylestradiol (35μg)/cyproterone acetate (2mg) (EE/CPA) and ethinylestradiol (20μg)/desogestrel (0.15mg) (EE/DES), alone or with metformin, on hirsutism in PCOS. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, triple-dummy study was conducted on women with PCOS and hirsutism (N=107) who received one of four drug combinations (Arm A: EE/CPA; Arm B: EE/DES; Arm C: EE/CPA plus metformin; or Arm D: EE/DES plus metformin). Hirsutism was assessed at baseline, six months, and 12 months by using five outcomes variables. RESULTS: No outcomes variable showed a significant difference between the four arms at 12 months. There was a significant reduction in both hair density and modified Ferriman-Gallwey score (mFGS) in Arm A, mFGS in Arm B, hair density in Arm C, and diameter o...

BMC Research Notes

Objective: This study was aimed at determining the diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound characte... more Objective: This study was aimed at determining the diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound characteristics in the identification of malignant thyroid nodules in patients attending the surgical clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. Results: This prospective validation study was conducted among 263 patients attending the surgical clinic at a tertiary care hospital, Sri Lanka. The ultrasound characteristics having statistically significant associations with thyroid malignancies were identified by employing a multivariable analysis. These ultrasound characteristics were compared with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology results and indicators of diagnostic accuracy were computed. The study sample consisted of 33 malignant and 230 benign nodules. Internal vascularity, hypoechogenicity and microcalcification showed statistically significant positive associations with thyroid malignancy (p < 0.05). The highest positive likelihood ratio was observed for the presence of microcalcifications (10.4, 95% CI 4.6-23.7) with a specificity of 96.5% (95% CI 93.3-98.5%). Hypoechogenicity had a sensitivity of 66.7% (95% CI 48.2-82.0%) and a specificity of 74.8% (95% CI 68.6-80.3%). The presence of at least one positive ultrasound characteristic yielded the highest sensitivity (87.9%, 95% CI 71.8-96.6%), whereas, the presence of all three characteristics yielded a near perfect specificity (99.6%, 95% CI 97.6-99.9%). Hence, the presence of microcalcifications was found to be the single most useful criterion in predicting thyroid malignancy.

The British journal of radiology, 2002

This pictorial review illustrates the ultrasound appearances of scrotal calcification, distinguis... more This pictorial review illustrates the ultrasound appearances of scrotal calcification, distinguishing between intratesticular and extratesticular calcification. Intratesticular calcification may be due to phleboliths, spermatic granulomas or vascular calcification, or it may occur in association with tumours. Extratesticular calcification is more frequently encountered and is usually related to previous inflammatory disease of the epididymis. Testicular microlithiasis, a rare condition characterized by multiple scattered echogenic foci within the testis, is produced by the formation of microliths from degenerating cells in the seminiferous tubules. Testicular microlithiasis has been demonstrated as an incidental finding as well as in association with both benign and malignant tumours of the testis.

Case Reports in Pediatrics

Congenital duodenal web causing proximal duodenal obstruction leading to gastroduodenal emphysema... more Congenital duodenal web causing proximal duodenal obstruction leading to gastroduodenal emphysema is a very rare presentation in infancy. Due to persistent peristalsis against the duodenal membrane, there is progressive stretching of the duodenal web leading to windsock deformity. We describe a rare case of a child with gastroduodenal emphysema and portal venous air due to duodenal obstruction secondary to a duodenal web. An eighteen-month-old male child, who was under investigation for failure to thrive, presented with a history of persistent projectile vomiting and progressive abdominal distension for two days. The abdominal ultrasound scan revealed air within the portal vein and in the wall of the stomach. Plain X-ray abdomen confirmed the presence of gas in the gastric wall and in the proximal duodenal wall. Upper gastrointestinal contrast study revealed complete obstruction at the second part of the duodenum. The child underwent emergency laparotomy, which revealed a duodenal ...

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines

Background: The effects of combined oral contraceptive pills and metformin on glucose and lipid m... more Background: The effects of combined oral contraceptive pills and metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism and androgenic hormone profile of hirsute women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are not clearly known. Aims: To determine the effect of ethinylestradiol (35 microg)/cyproterone acetate (2 mg) (EE/CPA) and ethinylestradiol (20 microg)/desogestrel 0.15 mg (EE/DES) alone and in combination with metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism and androgenic hormone profile in hirsute women with PCOS. Settings and Design: This randomised, double-blind, triple dummy study was conducted at the

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Purpose: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often referred to as the hepatic manifestati... more Purpose: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often referred to as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The relationship between body weight, NAFLD, and insulin resistance is not well characterized in humans. Additionally, it is unclear why South Asians develop these complications at lower levels of obesity compared to their Western counterparts. Patients and methods: To address this question, we performed a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of Sri Lankan adult females (n=34) and collected anthropometric data, adipose tissue specimens (for histology), and fasted serum samples (for metabolic and inflammatory markers). Hepatic steatosis was assessed by ultrasound scanning and used to classify participants as NAFL 0, NAFL 1, and NAFL 2. Results: Waist circumference significantly increased with increasing NAFL grade. Participants with NAFL had significantly higher body mass index, hip circumference, and fasting plasma glucose, as well as a higher mean adipocyte area in both abdominal subcutaneous and visceral areas, indicating a higher degree of adipocyte hypertrophy associated with fatty liver. There were, however, no differences in measures of dyslipidemia. Of the multiple adipokines measured, resistin was the only proinflammatory adipokine significantly elevated in NAFL 2. Conclusion: These findings indicate that measures of adiposity, fasting serum glucose, and resistin may be important indicators of NAFLD in South Asian women.

Nutrition & Diabetes

Background/Objectives: Mechanisms of obesity-associated insulin resistance and dysglycemia in Sou... more Background/Objectives: Mechanisms of obesity-associated insulin resistance and dysglycemia in South Asians remain relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to detect subcutaneous (SAT) vs. visceral (VAT) adipose tissue characteristics and adipocytokines associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dysglycemia in South Asian women. Subjects/Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in Sri Lanka. Subjects comprised of 58 adult women who underwent routine abdominal surgeries. SAT and VAT were obtained from anterior abdominal wall and omentum, respectively. Measures of adiposity, serum insulin and glucose, SAT and VAT crown-like structures (CLS), macrophages, resistin by immunohistochemistry, mean adipocyte area (MAA), and serum adipocytokines were examined. Results: The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score significantly correlated with age and waist circumference (WC), but not with body mass index (BMI). Although the number of CLS positively correlated with BMI, there were no significant differences between the number of CLS in women with normal fasting glucose (NFG) vs. those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), indicating that adipose tissue macrophage infiltration is unlikely to be related to dysglycemia. In contrast, serum resistin level was on average 60% higher in women with IFG compared to ones with NFG (p < 0.05). Serum resistin levels correlated with age (r = 0.36, p < 0.05) and WC (r = 0.27, p < 0.05). There were no associations in serum levels of other adipocytokines with IFG. Adipose immunohistochemistry showed that women with IFG had a higher percentage of resistin positive adipocytes in SAT compared to ones with NFG. MAA of VAT, but not SAT, correlated with both BMI and WC. Conclusions: Resistin may be an important adipokine linking central adiposity and insulin resistance in South Asian women. Both systemic and adipose tissue resistin are linked to dysglycemia in these individuals and may be a potential biomarker for diabetes in this population.