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Papers by Shashikant Malkud
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
Diffuse hair loss is a common complaint encountered by dermatologists in their daily clinical pra... more Diffuse hair loss is a common complaint encountered by dermatologists in their daily clinical practice. Hair loss in women is a distressing condition. Various underlying factors individually or in combination contribute to the pathogenesis. To determine causes of diffuse hair loss in women and to find the association between probable causes and relevant laboratory parameters, wherever applicable. One hundred and eighty women with diffuse hair loss were included in the study. Detailed history and clinical examination including hair pull test and hair microscopy were done in all study subjects. Specific laboratory investigations for determining iron deficiency anaemia, thyroid dysfunction and parasitic infestation were done. Among 180 patients, 116 (64.44%) had telogen effluvium, 28 (15.55%) had CTE, 21 (11.66%) had FPHL and 1 (0.55%) had AE. Fourteen patients (7.77%) had more than one aetiological diagnosis of diffuse hair loss. TE was the commonest type of diffuse hair loss. Incidence of TE and FPHL were highest in the age group of 21-30 years, whereas CTE in 30-40 years. Psychological stress and iron deficiency anaemia were the most common underlying aetiological factors for TE, which is statistically significant (p<0.05). Out of 130 patients with TE, more than one aetiological factor was recorded in 10 cases whereas in 32 cases probable aetiological factors could not be elicited from history. Most cases of CTE were idiopathic. No significant relationship was observed between CTE, haemoglobin level and serum ferritin level. Out of 35 patients with FPHL, low haemoglobin level was observed in 6/20 (30%) and low serum ferritin level in 14/17 (82.35%). Diffuse hair loss is a multifactorial condition. A detailed history, thorough clinical examination and appropriate investigations help to identify the causative factors and treat them accordingly.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
Telogen effluvium was first described by Kligman in 1961. It is a most common cause of diffuse ha... more Telogen effluvium was first described by Kligman in 1961. It is a most common cause of diffuse hair loss. Women with telogen effluvium more frequently present to dermatologist. A wide variety of potential triggers have been implicated in the pathogenesis of telogen effluvium. Diffuse shedding of telogen hair are seen after 3-4 months of triggering event. The observation of increased telogen hair shedding does not infer a cause. Establishing aetiology of telogen effluvium requires elicitation of relevant history and appropriate laboratory investigations to exclude endocrine, nutritional and autoimmune disorders.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
Herpes zoster is a clinical manifestation which results from reactivation of latent VZV (Varicell... more Herpes zoster is a clinical manifestation which results from reactivation of latent VZV (Varicella zoster virus) present in the sensory root ganglia. Disseminated herpes zoster has been reported in immune-compromised patients such as patient on cancer chemotherapy, HIV (Human immune deficiency virus) infection, systemic corticosteroid therapy. However, we report a case of disseminated herpes zoster infection in an uncontrolled diabetic patient. A brief review of literature on this topic has been bestowed.
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several mucocutaneous... more Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several mucocutaneous conditions which may be the first clinical presentation of HIV. A wide range of infectious and non-infectious skin lesions develop during the course of the disease but their frequency and associated factors vary from place to place. Aim: To evaluate cutaneous manifestations in HIV infected patients attending to Dermatology outpatient department and their relationship with CD4 cell counts. Methods: It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. One hundred and twenty HIV seropositive patients attending the outpatient and inpatient departments were included in the study. Detailed history including age, sex, occupation, presenting complaint, high-risk behaviour, mode of transmission, marital status, partner's HIV status and treatment history was taken. Thorough cutaneous and systemic examination was done in all patients. Cluster of differentiation (CD4) count was noted in all patients at the time of presentation. Results: Majority of the patients 85 (70.8%) were rural residents who belonged to low socioeconomic and low educational strata. Housewives formed the largest group 44 (36.7%) followed by truck drivers 31 (25.8%) and laborers 25 (20.8%). The predominant mode of transmission was heterosexual contact 113 (94.2%). Most common mucocutaneous manifestations noticed were seborrheic dermatitis 78 (65%) followed by oral candidiasis 56 (46.6%), xerosis 51 (42.5%), generalized skin hyperpigmentation 42 (35%) and dermatophytosis 40 (33.3%). Conclusion: This study showed the prevalence of various dermatological manifestations in HIV positive patients and their relation with CD4 count. Most of the manifestations occur in patients with low CD4+ count (<200). Early recognition of mucocutaneous manifestations helps in the early diagnosis and better management of the disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
Diffuse hair loss is a common complaint encountered by dermatologists in their daily clinical pra... more Diffuse hair loss is a common complaint encountered by dermatologists in their daily clinical practice. Hair loss in women is a distressing condition. Various underlying factors individually or in combination contribute to the pathogenesis. To determine causes of diffuse hair loss in women and to find the association between probable causes and relevant laboratory parameters, wherever applicable. One hundred and eighty women with diffuse hair loss were included in the study. Detailed history and clinical examination including hair pull test and hair microscopy were done in all study subjects. Specific laboratory investigations for determining iron deficiency anaemia, thyroid dysfunction and parasitic infestation were done. Among 180 patients, 116 (64.44%) had telogen effluvium, 28 (15.55%) had CTE, 21 (11.66%) had FPHL and 1 (0.55%) had AE. Fourteen patients (7.77%) had more than one aetiological diagnosis of diffuse hair loss. TE was the commonest type of diffuse hair loss. Incidence of TE and FPHL were highest in the age group of 21-30 years, whereas CTE in 30-40 years. Psychological stress and iron deficiency anaemia were the most common underlying aetiological factors for TE, which is statistically significant (p<0.05). Out of 130 patients with TE, more than one aetiological factor was recorded in 10 cases whereas in 32 cases probable aetiological factors could not be elicited from history. Most cases of CTE were idiopathic. No significant relationship was observed between CTE, haemoglobin level and serum ferritin level. Out of 35 patients with FPHL, low haemoglobin level was observed in 6/20 (30%) and low serum ferritin level in 14/17 (82.35%). Diffuse hair loss is a multifactorial condition. A detailed history, thorough clinical examination and appropriate investigations help to identify the causative factors and treat them accordingly.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
Telogen effluvium was first described by Kligman in 1961. It is a most common cause of diffuse ha... more Telogen effluvium was first described by Kligman in 1961. It is a most common cause of diffuse hair loss. Women with telogen effluvium more frequently present to dermatologist. A wide variety of potential triggers have been implicated in the pathogenesis of telogen effluvium. Diffuse shedding of telogen hair are seen after 3-4 months of triggering event. The observation of increased telogen hair shedding does not infer a cause. Establishing aetiology of telogen effluvium requires elicitation of relevant history and appropriate laboratory investigations to exclude endocrine, nutritional and autoimmune disorders.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
Herpes zoster is a clinical manifestation which results from reactivation of latent VZV (Varicell... more Herpes zoster is a clinical manifestation which results from reactivation of latent VZV (Varicella zoster virus) present in the sensory root ganglia. Disseminated herpes zoster has been reported in immune-compromised patients such as patient on cancer chemotherapy, HIV (Human immune deficiency virus) infection, systemic corticosteroid therapy. However, we report a case of disseminated herpes zoster infection in an uncontrolled diabetic patient. A brief review of literature on this topic has been bestowed.
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several mucocutaneous... more Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several mucocutaneous conditions which may be the first clinical presentation of HIV. A wide range of infectious and non-infectious skin lesions develop during the course of the disease but their frequency and associated factors vary from place to place. Aim: To evaluate cutaneous manifestations in HIV infected patients attending to Dermatology outpatient department and their relationship with CD4 cell counts. Methods: It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. One hundred and twenty HIV seropositive patients attending the outpatient and inpatient departments were included in the study. Detailed history including age, sex, occupation, presenting complaint, high-risk behaviour, mode of transmission, marital status, partner's HIV status and treatment history was taken. Thorough cutaneous and systemic examination was done in all patients. Cluster of differentiation (CD4) count was noted in all patients at the time of presentation. Results: Majority of the patients 85 (70.8%) were rural residents who belonged to low socioeconomic and low educational strata. Housewives formed the largest group 44 (36.7%) followed by truck drivers 31 (25.8%) and laborers 25 (20.8%). The predominant mode of transmission was heterosexual contact 113 (94.2%). Most common mucocutaneous manifestations noticed were seborrheic dermatitis 78 (65%) followed by oral candidiasis 56 (46.6%), xerosis 51 (42.5%), generalized skin hyperpigmentation 42 (35%) and dermatophytosis 40 (33.3%). Conclusion: This study showed the prevalence of various dermatological manifestations in HIV positive patients and their relation with CD4 count. Most of the manifestations occur in patients with low CD4+ count (<200). Early recognition of mucocutaneous manifestations helps in the early diagnosis and better management of the disease.