Simten Malhan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Simten Malhan

ergunoksuz.com

... bir listesidir. Sınıflandırma, benzer maddelerin bir arada gruplandırılmasıdır. Hastalık ve g... more ... bir listesidir. Sınıflandırma, benzer maddelerin bir arada gruplandırılmasıdır. Hastalık ve girişim sınıflandırma sistemleri, benzer hastalık ve girişimlerin bir arada sınıflandırılarak tek bir kod atanmasıyla oluşur. Birinci Basamak ...

ergunoksuz.com

... Yaşamın niteliksel boyutu; fizik çevre, sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik, kültürel durum ve sosya... more ... Yaşamın niteliksel boyutu; fizik çevre, sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik, kültürel durum ve sosyal ilişkiler gibi pek çok unsurun yanında bireysel doyumu da kapsar. ... Yaşam kalitesi kavramı ilk kez Thorndike tarafından, sosyal çevrenin bireyde yansıyan tepkisi şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. ...

Türkiye Klinikleri Archives of Lung, 2022

To estimate the economic burden and key cost drivers of managing exacerbated and hospitalized chr... more To estimate the economic burden and key cost drivers of managing exacerbated and hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Türkiye. Material and Methods: This cost of illness study was based on an estimation of per patient annual direct medical costs for the management of exacerbated and hospitalized COPD patients in Türkiye from a payer perspective. The average per patient direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, diagnostic laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations and interventions, training and rehabilitation, drug treatment and equipment, drug-related adverse events, and co-morbidities/complications.

Value in Health, 2014

In 2009, Greece entered into one of the most serious economic downturns in its modern history. In... more In 2009, Greece entered into one of the most serious economic downturns in its modern history. In May 2010, the country was put under the supervision of Troika (EU, ECB and IMF). Retail pharmaceutical market with size c. a. € 6.5 bn in retail prices for 2009 (public pharmaceutical expenditure € 5.2 bn), was one of the main targets for change through the implementation of new policies and drastic spending cuts. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact that these new policies for pharmaceutical spending had and how this was attributed to the levers of price, market volume and product mix. MethOds: An economic model was used, based on IMS Hellas' and Hellenic Statistical Authority data, to measure the contribution that (a) price; (b) market volume; and (c) product mix had on the reduction in the size of the retail market for pharmaceuticals in the period 2009-2014. The detailed approach decomposes the market change, as measured in values, into those attributed to (a) price (assuming market volume and product mix are constant); (b) market volume (assuming prices and product mix are unchanged); (c) product mix. Results: The analysis indicated that, the major contributor in the reduction of the pharmaceutical market size was the price of medicines. It has been estimated that 87% of the reduction (> € 1.2 bn) is coming from price. Volume contributed an additional c. a. 38% (> € 0.5 bn) in the reduction of the size but, at the same time, it was partially offset from substitution with pricier medicines. cOnclusiOns: Price was the major driver for the reduction in the size of the retail pharmaceutical market during the period of crisis. Volume had an impact as well but it was partially offset by switch towards more expensive medicines.

Value in Health, 2014

and these costs are increasing compared to year to year. Policy interventions did not effected bi... more and these costs are increasing compared to year to year. Policy interventions did not effected biotechnological medicine sales negatively. While big differences between the biotechnological and non-biotechnological medicine box sales will continue, the gap between the biotechnological and non-biotechnological medicines total amount will be closer.

7.Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongresi, 2005

Expert Review of Hematology, 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction The therapeutic landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has evolved sig... more ABSTRACT Introduction The therapeutic landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has evolved significantly since the introduction of imatinib. The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendations serve as a guide for diagnosis, treatment, and monitorization of CML, but availability and accessibility of diagnostic tools and medications affect their applicability. Areas covered This article provides an overview of the current clinical management of CML in Turkey with reference to the key outputs of the online expert meeting held in November 2020. The applicability of the ELN 2020 recommendations for treating CML in clinical practice was also discussed. Expert opinion Imatinib is the only reimbursed and the most preferred first-line treatment in CML restricting the upfront use of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), thereby limiting the applicability of treatment-free remission approach in Turkey. The ELN recommendations about using the EUTOS Long-Term Survival (ELTS) score for risk assessment and focusing on patient reported outcomes and quality of life can be enhanced with educational activities. The widespread availability of standardized technical infrastructure for diagnosing and monitoring CML will contribute to better disease management. Establishing a sustainable national database for CML is valuable for observing patient characteristics and disease outcomes as well as the impact of treatment patterns over time.

Methods: This cost of illness study was based on identification of per patient annual direct medi... more Methods: This cost of illness study was based on identification of per patient annual direct medical costs for the management of adult asthma in Turkey from payer perspective. Average per patient direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations and interventions, drug treatment and equipment, and co-morbidities/complications.

Value in Health, 2014

Objectives: Economical evaluation of Stribild in Turkey, which is a single tablet regimen indicat... more Objectives: Economical evaluation of Stribild in Turkey, which is a single tablet regimen indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults aged 18 years and over who are antiretroviral treatment naive or are infected with HIV-1 without known mutations associated with resistance to any of the three antiretroviral agents in it. MethOds: STRIBILD™ was compared with various treatment options; tenofovir DF+emtricitabine+efavirenz (FTC/TDF+EFV), tenofovir DF+emtricitabine+ ritonavir+lopinavir (FTC/TDF+LPV/r), tenofovirDF+emtricitabine+nevirapine (FTC/ TDF+NVP), tenofovir DF+emtricitabine+darunavir (FTC/TDF+DRV+r), tenofovir DF+emtricitabine+raltegravir (FTC/TDF+RAL), lamivudine+zidovudine+efavirenz (3TC/AZT+EFV), lamivudine+zidovudine+ritonavir+lopinavir (3TC/AZ+LPV/r), lam ivudine+zidovudine+nevirapine (3TC/AZT+NVP). The adherence rates were calculated from the increase rate in CD4 cell count and the risk of hospitalization as the effectiveness values. The data were taken from patient files from Hacettepe University that consists of 252 patients and 12 year follow-ups with an outpatient clinic, interventions, laboratory and imaging tests, medication usage, side effects, comorbidity's diseases and their treatments and complications. The costs of treatment of diseases were calculated by cost of disease methodology. Average annual cost per patient is calculated for health care technologies. Health technology effectiveness values are found from the literature review. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used for the comparison. Results: According to comparison of rate of compliance to treatment, STRIBILD™ was cost effective against 3TC/AZT+EFV (2157.2 TL), FTC/TDF+LPV/r (612.7 TL), FTC/TDF+NVP (951.9 TL), FTC/TDF+DRV+r (544.28 TL) and cost saving aganist FTC/TDF+RAL (-166,22 TL). According to the rate of risk of hospitalization, STRIBILD™ was cost effective against 3TC/AZT+EFV (517.7 TL), FTC/TDF+LPV/r (318.6 TL), FTC/TDF+NVP (495 TL), FTC/TDF+DRV+r (283 TL), 3TC/ AZT+EFV (632,4 TL), 3TC/AZ+LPV/r (425.6 TL), 3TC/AZT+NVP (591.2 TL). According to the increase rate in CD4 cell count and over 95% of compliance rate, STRIBILD™ was cost effective against FTC/TDF+EFV (392.2 TL) and cost saving against FTC/TDF+RAL (-308.7 TL), respectively. cOnclusiOns: HIV is a life-threatening disease with in terms of major public health problem globally.. In this study, STRs in comparison of combination treatment strategies, has higher compliance rates, better outcomes and lower health care costs. PIN78 thE Cost-EffECtIvENEss of DIffErENt sCENArIos of DEtECtINg of tB AmoNg hIv-INfECtED PEoPlE DEPENDINg oN CD 4+ CouNt

Health Economics Review, 2021

Background This study was designed to estimate economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey from paye... more Background This study was designed to estimate economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey from payer perspective based on expert panel opinion on practice patterns in clinical practice. Methods In this cost of illness study, direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations/interventions, drug treatment, adverse events and metastasis. Indirect cost was calculated based on lost productivity due to early retirement, morbidity and premature death resulting from the illness, the value of lost productivity due to time spent by family caregivers and cost of formal caregivers. Results Cost analysis revealed the total per patient annual direct medical cost for small cell lung cancer to be €8772), for non-small-cell lung cancer to be €10,167. Total annual direct medical cost was €497.9 million, total annual indirect medical cost was €1.1 billion and total economic burden of lung cancer was €1.6 billion. Hosp...

Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi-Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology

Our study aimed to estimate the impact of addressing modifiable risk factors on the future burden... more Our study aimed to estimate the impact of addressing modifiable risk factors on the future burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the general population and in two high-risk populations (heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and secondary prevention) for Turkey. Methods: One model investigated the impact of reaching the World Health Organization (WHO) voluntary targets for tobacco use, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity and physical inactivity in the general population. Another model estimated the impact of reducing LDL-cholesterol in two high-risk populations through increased access to effective treatment. Inputs for the models include disease and risk factor prevalence rates, a population forecast, baseline CVD event rates, and treatment effectiveness, primarily derived from the published literature. Direct costs to the public health care system and indirect costs from lost production are included, although the cost of programs and pharmacological interventions to reduce risk factors were not considered. Results: The value of reaching WHO risk factor reduction targets is estimated at US$9.3 billion over the next 20 years, while the value of reducing LDL-cholesterol is estimated at up to US$8.1 billion for high-risk secondary prevention patients and US$691 million for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Conclusion: Efforts to achieve WHO risk factor targets and further lower LDL-cholesterol through increased access to treatment for high-risk patients are projected to greatly reduce the growing clinical and economic burden of CVD in Turkey. Amaç: Çalışmamız, değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinin, genel popülasyonda ve Türkiye için iki yüksek riskli popülasyonda (heterozigot ailesel hiperkolesterolemi ve sekonder önleme) gelecekteki kardiyovasküler hastalık yükü üzerindeki etkisini öngörmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntemler: Bir model, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün (DSÖ) tütün kullanımı, hipertansiyon, tip 2 diyabet, obezite ve fiziksel hareketsizlik için genel popülasyondaki gönüllü hedeflere ulaşmasının etkisini araştırdı. Başka bir model, etkili tedaviye daha fazla erişim sağlayarak iki yüksek riskli popülasyonda LDL-kolesterolü azaltmanın etkisini tahmin etti. Modeller için girdiler, hastalık ve risk faktörü yaygınlık oranlarını, gelecekteki nüfus tahminini, bazal kardiyovasküler hastalık olay oranlarını ve yayınlanmış literatürden elde edilen tedavi etkinliğini içerir. Kamu sağlık bakım sistemine doğrudan maliyetler ve kayıp üretimden dolaylı oluşan dolaylı maliyetler dahil olmakla birlikte, risk faktörlerini azaltmak için programların maliyeti ve farmakolojik girişimler dikkate alınmamıştır. Bulgular: DSÖ'nün risk faktörü azaltma hedeflerine ulaşma maliyetinin önümüzdeki 20 yılda 9,3 milyar ABD doları, yüksek riskli sekonder önleme hastaları için LDL-kolesterolü azaltma maliyetinin 8,1 milyar ABD doları ve heterozigoz ailesel hiperkolesterolemi hastaları için 691 milyon ABD doları olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Sonuç: DSÖ risk faktörü hedeflerine ulaşma ve yüksek riskli hastalar için tedaviye erişim yoluyla LDL-kolesterolü daha da düşürme çabalarının, Türkiye'de artan KVH klinik ve ekonomik yükünü büyük ölçüde azaltacağı tahmin edilmektedir.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse among male... more The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse among male university students and the factors affecting this behavior.

International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2021

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment (OPAT) has become a common treatment modality in de... more Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment (OPAT) has become a common treatment modality in developed countries. OPAT units are not widespread in Turkey, and their cost‐effectivity analysis has not been studied, yet.

ergunoksuz.com

... bir listesidir. Sınıflandırma, benzer maddelerin bir arada gruplandırılmasıdır. Hastalık ve g... more ... bir listesidir. Sınıflandırma, benzer maddelerin bir arada gruplandırılmasıdır. Hastalık ve girişim sınıflandırma sistemleri, benzer hastalık ve girişimlerin bir arada sınıflandırılarak tek bir kod atanmasıyla oluşur. Birinci Basamak ...

ergunoksuz.com

... Yaşamın niteliksel boyutu; fizik çevre, sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik, kültürel durum ve sosya... more ... Yaşamın niteliksel boyutu; fizik çevre, sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik, kültürel durum ve sosyal ilişkiler gibi pek çok unsurun yanında bireysel doyumu da kapsar. ... Yaşam kalitesi kavramı ilk kez Thorndike tarafından, sosyal çevrenin bireyde yansıyan tepkisi şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. ...

Türkiye Klinikleri Archives of Lung, 2022

To estimate the economic burden and key cost drivers of managing exacerbated and hospitalized chr... more To estimate the economic burden and key cost drivers of managing exacerbated and hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Türkiye. Material and Methods: This cost of illness study was based on an estimation of per patient annual direct medical costs for the management of exacerbated and hospitalized COPD patients in Türkiye from a payer perspective. The average per patient direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, diagnostic laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations and interventions, training and rehabilitation, drug treatment and equipment, drug-related adverse events, and co-morbidities/complications.

Value in Health, 2014

In 2009, Greece entered into one of the most serious economic downturns in its modern history. In... more In 2009, Greece entered into one of the most serious economic downturns in its modern history. In May 2010, the country was put under the supervision of Troika (EU, ECB and IMF). Retail pharmaceutical market with size c. a. € 6.5 bn in retail prices for 2009 (public pharmaceutical expenditure € 5.2 bn), was one of the main targets for change through the implementation of new policies and drastic spending cuts. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact that these new policies for pharmaceutical spending had and how this was attributed to the levers of price, market volume and product mix. MethOds: An economic model was used, based on IMS Hellas' and Hellenic Statistical Authority data, to measure the contribution that (a) price; (b) market volume; and (c) product mix had on the reduction in the size of the retail market for pharmaceuticals in the period 2009-2014. The detailed approach decomposes the market change, as measured in values, into those attributed to (a) price (assuming market volume and product mix are constant); (b) market volume (assuming prices and product mix are unchanged); (c) product mix. Results: The analysis indicated that, the major contributor in the reduction of the pharmaceutical market size was the price of medicines. It has been estimated that 87% of the reduction (> € 1.2 bn) is coming from price. Volume contributed an additional c. a. 38% (> € 0.5 bn) in the reduction of the size but, at the same time, it was partially offset from substitution with pricier medicines. cOnclusiOns: Price was the major driver for the reduction in the size of the retail pharmaceutical market during the period of crisis. Volume had an impact as well but it was partially offset by switch towards more expensive medicines.

Value in Health, 2014

and these costs are increasing compared to year to year. Policy interventions did not effected bi... more and these costs are increasing compared to year to year. Policy interventions did not effected biotechnological medicine sales negatively. While big differences between the biotechnological and non-biotechnological medicine box sales will continue, the gap between the biotechnological and non-biotechnological medicines total amount will be closer.

7.Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongresi, 2005

Expert Review of Hematology, 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction The therapeutic landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has evolved sig... more ABSTRACT Introduction The therapeutic landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has evolved significantly since the introduction of imatinib. The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendations serve as a guide for diagnosis, treatment, and monitorization of CML, but availability and accessibility of diagnostic tools and medications affect their applicability. Areas covered This article provides an overview of the current clinical management of CML in Turkey with reference to the key outputs of the online expert meeting held in November 2020. The applicability of the ELN 2020 recommendations for treating CML in clinical practice was also discussed. Expert opinion Imatinib is the only reimbursed and the most preferred first-line treatment in CML restricting the upfront use of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), thereby limiting the applicability of treatment-free remission approach in Turkey. The ELN recommendations about using the EUTOS Long-Term Survival (ELTS) score for risk assessment and focusing on patient reported outcomes and quality of life can be enhanced with educational activities. The widespread availability of standardized technical infrastructure for diagnosing and monitoring CML will contribute to better disease management. Establishing a sustainable national database for CML is valuable for observing patient characteristics and disease outcomes as well as the impact of treatment patterns over time.

Methods: This cost of illness study was based on identification of per patient annual direct medi... more Methods: This cost of illness study was based on identification of per patient annual direct medical costs for the management of adult asthma in Turkey from payer perspective. Average per patient direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations and interventions, drug treatment and equipment, and co-morbidities/complications.

Value in Health, 2014

Objectives: Economical evaluation of Stribild in Turkey, which is a single tablet regimen indicat... more Objectives: Economical evaluation of Stribild in Turkey, which is a single tablet regimen indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults aged 18 years and over who are antiretroviral treatment naive or are infected with HIV-1 without known mutations associated with resistance to any of the three antiretroviral agents in it. MethOds: STRIBILD™ was compared with various treatment options; tenofovir DF+emtricitabine+efavirenz (FTC/TDF+EFV), tenofovir DF+emtricitabine+ ritonavir+lopinavir (FTC/TDF+LPV/r), tenofovirDF+emtricitabine+nevirapine (FTC/ TDF+NVP), tenofovir DF+emtricitabine+darunavir (FTC/TDF+DRV+r), tenofovir DF+emtricitabine+raltegravir (FTC/TDF+RAL), lamivudine+zidovudine+efavirenz (3TC/AZT+EFV), lamivudine+zidovudine+ritonavir+lopinavir (3TC/AZ+LPV/r), lam ivudine+zidovudine+nevirapine (3TC/AZT+NVP). The adherence rates were calculated from the increase rate in CD4 cell count and the risk of hospitalization as the effectiveness values. The data were taken from patient files from Hacettepe University that consists of 252 patients and 12 year follow-ups with an outpatient clinic, interventions, laboratory and imaging tests, medication usage, side effects, comorbidity's diseases and their treatments and complications. The costs of treatment of diseases were calculated by cost of disease methodology. Average annual cost per patient is calculated for health care technologies. Health technology effectiveness values are found from the literature review. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used for the comparison. Results: According to comparison of rate of compliance to treatment, STRIBILD™ was cost effective against 3TC/AZT+EFV (2157.2 TL), FTC/TDF+LPV/r (612.7 TL), FTC/TDF+NVP (951.9 TL), FTC/TDF+DRV+r (544.28 TL) and cost saving aganist FTC/TDF+RAL (-166,22 TL). According to the rate of risk of hospitalization, STRIBILD™ was cost effective against 3TC/AZT+EFV (517.7 TL), FTC/TDF+LPV/r (318.6 TL), FTC/TDF+NVP (495 TL), FTC/TDF+DRV+r (283 TL), 3TC/ AZT+EFV (632,4 TL), 3TC/AZ+LPV/r (425.6 TL), 3TC/AZT+NVP (591.2 TL). According to the increase rate in CD4 cell count and over 95% of compliance rate, STRIBILD™ was cost effective against FTC/TDF+EFV (392.2 TL) and cost saving against FTC/TDF+RAL (-308.7 TL), respectively. cOnclusiOns: HIV is a life-threatening disease with in terms of major public health problem globally.. In this study, STRs in comparison of combination treatment strategies, has higher compliance rates, better outcomes and lower health care costs. PIN78 thE Cost-EffECtIvENEss of DIffErENt sCENArIos of DEtECtINg of tB AmoNg hIv-INfECtED PEoPlE DEPENDINg oN CD 4+ CouNt

Health Economics Review, 2021

Background This study was designed to estimate economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey from paye... more Background This study was designed to estimate economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey from payer perspective based on expert panel opinion on practice patterns in clinical practice. Methods In this cost of illness study, direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations/interventions, drug treatment, adverse events and metastasis. Indirect cost was calculated based on lost productivity due to early retirement, morbidity and premature death resulting from the illness, the value of lost productivity due to time spent by family caregivers and cost of formal caregivers. Results Cost analysis revealed the total per patient annual direct medical cost for small cell lung cancer to be €8772), for non-small-cell lung cancer to be €10,167. Total annual direct medical cost was €497.9 million, total annual indirect medical cost was €1.1 billion and total economic burden of lung cancer was €1.6 billion. Hosp...

Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi-Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology

Our study aimed to estimate the impact of addressing modifiable risk factors on the future burden... more Our study aimed to estimate the impact of addressing modifiable risk factors on the future burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the general population and in two high-risk populations (heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and secondary prevention) for Turkey. Methods: One model investigated the impact of reaching the World Health Organization (WHO) voluntary targets for tobacco use, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity and physical inactivity in the general population. Another model estimated the impact of reducing LDL-cholesterol in two high-risk populations through increased access to effective treatment. Inputs for the models include disease and risk factor prevalence rates, a population forecast, baseline CVD event rates, and treatment effectiveness, primarily derived from the published literature. Direct costs to the public health care system and indirect costs from lost production are included, although the cost of programs and pharmacological interventions to reduce risk factors were not considered. Results: The value of reaching WHO risk factor reduction targets is estimated at US$9.3 billion over the next 20 years, while the value of reducing LDL-cholesterol is estimated at up to US$8.1 billion for high-risk secondary prevention patients and US$691 million for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Conclusion: Efforts to achieve WHO risk factor targets and further lower LDL-cholesterol through increased access to treatment for high-risk patients are projected to greatly reduce the growing clinical and economic burden of CVD in Turkey. Amaç: Çalışmamız, değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinin, genel popülasyonda ve Türkiye için iki yüksek riskli popülasyonda (heterozigot ailesel hiperkolesterolemi ve sekonder önleme) gelecekteki kardiyovasküler hastalık yükü üzerindeki etkisini öngörmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntemler: Bir model, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün (DSÖ) tütün kullanımı, hipertansiyon, tip 2 diyabet, obezite ve fiziksel hareketsizlik için genel popülasyondaki gönüllü hedeflere ulaşmasının etkisini araştırdı. Başka bir model, etkili tedaviye daha fazla erişim sağlayarak iki yüksek riskli popülasyonda LDL-kolesterolü azaltmanın etkisini tahmin etti. Modeller için girdiler, hastalık ve risk faktörü yaygınlık oranlarını, gelecekteki nüfus tahminini, bazal kardiyovasküler hastalık olay oranlarını ve yayınlanmış literatürden elde edilen tedavi etkinliğini içerir. Kamu sağlık bakım sistemine doğrudan maliyetler ve kayıp üretimden dolaylı oluşan dolaylı maliyetler dahil olmakla birlikte, risk faktörlerini azaltmak için programların maliyeti ve farmakolojik girişimler dikkate alınmamıştır. Bulgular: DSÖ'nün risk faktörü azaltma hedeflerine ulaşma maliyetinin önümüzdeki 20 yılda 9,3 milyar ABD doları, yüksek riskli sekonder önleme hastaları için LDL-kolesterolü azaltma maliyetinin 8,1 milyar ABD doları ve heterozigoz ailesel hiperkolesterolemi hastaları için 691 milyon ABD doları olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Sonuç: DSÖ risk faktörü hedeflerine ulaşma ve yüksek riskli hastalar için tedaviye erişim yoluyla LDL-kolesterolü daha da düşürme çabalarının, Türkiye'de artan KVH klinik ve ekonomik yükünü büyük ölçüde azaltacağı tahmin edilmektedir.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse among male... more The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse among male university students and the factors affecting this behavior.

International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2021

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment (OPAT) has become a common treatment modality in de... more Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment (OPAT) has become a common treatment modality in developed countries. OPAT units are not widespread in Turkey, and their cost‐effectivity analysis has not been studied, yet.