Stanislas Spilka - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Stanislas Spilka
In the French survey of the people who frequently use homeless shelters or hot meal distribution ... more In the French survey of the people who frequently use homeless shelters or hot meal distribution services, responses to some questions reveal the various levels of alcoholisation of the different groups of homeless people who use these support services. The variety of social situations discovered during the survey is matched by a large variety of behaviour with regard to alcohol.
![Research paper thumbnail of [Drug consumptions by the young adolescents: 1. Epidemiological data]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51795079/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Medecine sciences: M/S
Adolescence is often the time of experimentation with psychoactive substances, sometimes leading ... more Adolescence is often the time of experimentation with psychoactive substances, sometimes leading to more regular use. This paper gives an update of drug consumptions by the young adolescents, from results of recent general population surveys in France, and focuses on the specificity of this consumption when compared to that of older adolescents. It shows that regular uses of such substances usually do not start before the age of 14, but that early initiated adolescents show a higher risk of moving towards more intensive or problematic uses. Through presenting the limitations of such surveys, the authors discuss the nature of the link observed between early experimentation and level of use: while acknowledging the unquestionable prognostic value of early initiation to predict future problematic use, they show that its interpretation should be made with caution when based on such transversal epidemiological surveys.
Substance Use & Misuse, 2014
France presents one of the highest prevalence of teenagers aged 15-year-olds who report they alre... more France presents one of the highest prevalence of teenagers aged 15-year-olds who report they already have experienced cannabis in Europe. Data from the French 2010 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HSBC) survey and environmental parameters typifying schools 'neighborhoods were used to study cannabis experimentation. We conducted a two-level logistic regression (clusters being schools) on 4,175 French 8th-10th graders from 156 schools. Several individual parameters were linked to cannabis experimentation. Living in a non-intact family, feeling insufficiently monitored, having poor communication with mother and being from a family with a high socio-economic status (SES) were all associated with increased risk of cannabis experimentation. At environmental level, only being in a priority education area was linked to this behavior, without explaining differences among schools.
This study investigates the association of the family occupational category (F-OC) with adolescen... more This study investigates the association of the family occupational category (F-OC) with adolescent alcohol use and its potential variation according to the frequency of use. A national survey representative of adolescents aged 17 living in continental France conducted in 2005 (n = 29,393). Three outcomes were considered: overall use describes the drinking status (lifetime abstinence, use before the month prior the survey, use in the month prior the survey) without considering the frequency of use; last month use and binge drinking detail the frequency of use (1-5 uses, 6-9, 10-19 and 20+ uses) and of binge drinking (0, 1-2, 3-5, 6+ episodes of 5+ glasses in a single occasion) of the previous month users. F-OC was described in 7 categories based on the highest occupational category of the parents (from managers/professionals to unemployed). Analysis used generalised logistic regressions, controlling for gender, F-OC, parental separation, autonomy, other substance use, being out of school and sociability. There was a double gradient: adolescents from high F-OC families were more often experimenters and drinkers during the previous month whereas those of low F-OC families were more often binge drinkers. Adolescents from farmers' families were the most at risk for frequent use and binge drinking in the last month. Interactions tests show that the effect of F-OC was not significantly related to gender. Except for gender, adolescents' patterns of use reflect those observed in the adult population. Mechanisms that favour and hinder progression in alcohol use should be studied in various socioeconomic groups.
The precise question posed to determine the nature and usage purpose of these products is : "Have... more The precise question posed to determine the nature and usage purpose of these products is : "Have you ever taken medication for anxiety, or to help you sleep, such as tranquillisers, sleeping pills or antidepressants?" -Experimentation: at least one usage in a lifetime (this indicator is mainly used to measure the distribution of a product in the population) -Occasional use: at least one usage per year (for tobacco, this bracket contains those who declare themselves infrequent smokers) -Regular use: consumption of alcohol at least three times per week, daily smoking, sleeping pills or tranquilliser use on a weekly basis, consumption of cannabis at least 10 times per month) NB : the number of individuals aged 12-75 in 2005 is approximately 46 million. These figures are orders of magnitude and should therefore be viewed as outline data. In effect, a margin of error exists even if it proves to be negligible. For example, the figure of 12.4 million cannabis experimenters means that the true number of experimenters lies between 12 and 13 million.
PLoS ONE, 2014
Objectives: To propose a simple correction of body-mass index (BMI) based on self-reported weight... more Objectives: To propose a simple correction of body-mass index (BMI) based on self-reported weight and height (reported BMI) using gender, body shape perception and socioeconomic status in an adolescent population.
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2008
Introduction. The most recent health surveys in general population are used in order to estimate ... more Introduction. The most recent health surveys in general population are used in order to estimate the annual market size for cannabis in France in 2005. Methods. Two methods for arriving at an estimate are proposed: the first based on reported consumption, the other on reported expenditure on cannabis. Results. The annual sales figure for cannabis in France is between 746 and 832 million euros. Men's expenditure accounts for between 80 and 85% of total expenditure and those aged between 15 and 24 years account for the greatest part of the size of the cannabis market, between 57 and 60%, depending upon the method.
Since the late 1990s, several French surveys have studied perceptions about and the use of tobacc... more Since the late 1990s, several French surveys have studied perceptions about and the use of tobacco and other drugs among adolescents. This enables to track trends in tobacco use at this crucial age. This article presents the main epidemiological data gathered since 2000 and also reviews older surveys in order to place recent trends in a broader perspective.
In the French survey of the people who frequently use homeless shelters or hot meal distribution ... more In the French survey of the people who frequently use homeless shelters or hot meal distribution services, responses to some questions reveal the various levels of alcoholisation of the different groups of homeless people who use these support services. The variety of social situations discovered during the survey is matched by a large variety of behaviour with regard to alcohol.
Medecine sciences: M/S
Adolescence is often the time of experimentation with psychoactive substances, sometimes leading ... more Adolescence is often the time of experimentation with psychoactive substances, sometimes leading to more regular use. This paper gives an update of drug consumptions by the young adolescents, from results of recent general population surveys in France, and focuses on the specificity of this consumption when compared to that of older adolescents. It shows that regular uses of such substances usually do not start before the age of 14, but that early initiated adolescents show a higher risk of moving towards more intensive or problematic uses. Through presenting the limitations of such surveys, the authors discuss the nature of the link observed between early experimentation and level of use: while acknowledging the unquestionable prognostic value of early initiation to predict future problematic use, they show that its interpretation should be made with caution when based on such transversal epidemiological surveys.
Substance Use & Misuse, 2014
France presents one of the highest prevalence of teenagers aged 15-year-olds who report they alre... more France presents one of the highest prevalence of teenagers aged 15-year-olds who report they already have experienced cannabis in Europe. Data from the French 2010 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HSBC) survey and environmental parameters typifying schools 'neighborhoods were used to study cannabis experimentation. We conducted a two-level logistic regression (clusters being schools) on 4,175 French 8th-10th graders from 156 schools. Several individual parameters were linked to cannabis experimentation. Living in a non-intact family, feeling insufficiently monitored, having poor communication with mother and being from a family with a high socio-economic status (SES) were all associated with increased risk of cannabis experimentation. At environmental level, only being in a priority education area was linked to this behavior, without explaining differences among schools.
This study investigates the association of the family occupational category (F-OC) with adolescen... more This study investigates the association of the family occupational category (F-OC) with adolescent alcohol use and its potential variation according to the frequency of use. A national survey representative of adolescents aged 17 living in continental France conducted in 2005 (n = 29,393). Three outcomes were considered: overall use describes the drinking status (lifetime abstinence, use before the month prior the survey, use in the month prior the survey) without considering the frequency of use; last month use and binge drinking detail the frequency of use (1-5 uses, 6-9, 10-19 and 20+ uses) and of binge drinking (0, 1-2, 3-5, 6+ episodes of 5+ glasses in a single occasion) of the previous month users. F-OC was described in 7 categories based on the highest occupational category of the parents (from managers/professionals to unemployed). Analysis used generalised logistic regressions, controlling for gender, F-OC, parental separation, autonomy, other substance use, being out of school and sociability. There was a double gradient: adolescents from high F-OC families were more often experimenters and drinkers during the previous month whereas those of low F-OC families were more often binge drinkers. Adolescents from farmers' families were the most at risk for frequent use and binge drinking in the last month. Interactions tests show that the effect of F-OC was not significantly related to gender. Except for gender, adolescents' patterns of use reflect those observed in the adult population. Mechanisms that favour and hinder progression in alcohol use should be studied in various socioeconomic groups.
The precise question posed to determine the nature and usage purpose of these products is : "Have... more The precise question posed to determine the nature and usage purpose of these products is : "Have you ever taken medication for anxiety, or to help you sleep, such as tranquillisers, sleeping pills or antidepressants?" -Experimentation: at least one usage in a lifetime (this indicator is mainly used to measure the distribution of a product in the population) -Occasional use: at least one usage per year (for tobacco, this bracket contains those who declare themselves infrequent smokers) -Regular use: consumption of alcohol at least three times per week, daily smoking, sleeping pills or tranquilliser use on a weekly basis, consumption of cannabis at least 10 times per month) NB : the number of individuals aged 12-75 in 2005 is approximately 46 million. These figures are orders of magnitude and should therefore be viewed as outline data. In effect, a margin of error exists even if it proves to be negligible. For example, the figure of 12.4 million cannabis experimenters means that the true number of experimenters lies between 12 and 13 million.
PLoS ONE, 2014
Objectives: To propose a simple correction of body-mass index (BMI) based on self-reported weight... more Objectives: To propose a simple correction of body-mass index (BMI) based on self-reported weight and height (reported BMI) using gender, body shape perception and socioeconomic status in an adolescent population.
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2008
Introduction. The most recent health surveys in general population are used in order to estimate ... more Introduction. The most recent health surveys in general population are used in order to estimate the annual market size for cannabis in France in 2005. Methods. Two methods for arriving at an estimate are proposed: the first based on reported consumption, the other on reported expenditure on cannabis. Results. The annual sales figure for cannabis in France is between 746 and 832 million euros. Men's expenditure accounts for between 80 and 85% of total expenditure and those aged between 15 and 24 years account for the greatest part of the size of the cannabis market, between 57 and 60%, depending upon the method.
Since the late 1990s, several French surveys have studied perceptions about and the use of tobacc... more Since the late 1990s, several French surveys have studied perceptions about and the use of tobacco and other drugs among adolescents. This enables to track trends in tobacco use at this crucial age. This article presents the main epidemiological data gathered since 2000 and also reviews older surveys in order to place recent trends in a broader perspective.