Sudharshan Canagarajah - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sudharshan Canagarajah
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Nov 30, 1997
Toimprove humri capio-Ghana and reduce the incidence ot in Ghana child labor in Ghana, tne countr... more Toimprove humri capio-Ghana and reduce the incidence ot in Ghana child labor in Ghana, tne country's school systems Sudbarsban Canagarajab should reduce families' Harsha Coulomb a schoofing costs, adapt to tu : !Harold Coulombe constraints on schooling in rural areas (whera most children mujst vvo-k at ieas, part-time), and provid&-be!Per education lrmore reievari-i to the needs of the labor market). If these thin :q-e done, more families may decide that schooting is a viable option as opposed to "chifd labor-for tneir children The World Bank Human Development Technical Family
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2007
The study suggests that gender inequality acts as a significant constraint to growth in sub-Sahar... more The study suggests that gender inequality acts as a significant constraint to growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and that removing gender-based barriers to growth will make a substantial contribution to realizing Africa's economic potential. In particular we highlight gender gaps in education, related high fertility levels, gender gaps in formal sector employment, and gender gaps in access to assets and inputs in agricultural production as particular barriers reducing the ability of women to contribute to economic growth. By identifying some of the key factors that determine the ways in which men and women contribute to, and benefit (or lose) from, growth in Africa, we argue that looking at such issues through a gender lens is an essential step in identifying how policy can be shaped in a way that is explicitly gender-inclusive and …/
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily repre... more The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. WP/OZ/l14 This paper describes the nature and evolution of poverty in Nigeria between 1985 and 1992. It highlights the potential wealth of the Nigerian economy and examines how the economic policies pursued in the 1980s and 1990s impacted economic growth and welfare. The headcount measure of poverty in Nigeria declined from 43 percent to 34 percent between 1985 and 1992. Decomposing the factors causing the reduction in poverty shows that the overall decline of 9 percentage point was the net result of a 14 percentage point decline owing to the growth factor and a 5 percentage point increase owing to the income distribution factor. The paper proposes that promoting broad-based growth and targeted interventions in health, education, and infrastructure need to be central strategies in the fight against poverty in Nigeria.
Social Science Research Network, 2002
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily repre... more The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. WP/OZ/l14 This paper describes the nature and evolution of poverty in Nigeria between 1985 and 1992. It highlights the potential wealth of the Nigerian economy and examines how the economic policies pursued in the 1980s and 1990s impacted economic growth and welfare. The headcount measure of poverty in Nigeria declined from 43 percent to 34 percent between 1985 and 1992. Decomposing the factors causing the reduction in poverty shows that the overall decline of 9 percentage point was the net result of a 14 percentage point decline owing to the growth factor and a 5 percentage point increase owing to the income distribution factor. The paper proposes that promoting broad-based growth and targeted interventions in health, education, and infrastructure need to be central strategies in the fight against poverty in Nigeria.
Development Policy Review, Dec 3, 2010
It is over six years since the World Bank and the IMF started promoting a PRS approach to develop... more It is over six years since the World Bank and the IMF started promoting a PRS approach to development management in low‐income countries. The 2005 review endorsed the approach, but highlighted the need for a renewed focus on the principles underpinning it: country ownership; results orientation; comprehensiveness; partnership focus; and long‐term outlook. Uganda is often hailed as one of the best PRS performers. This article finds that Uganda's Poverty Eradicaton Action Plan (PEAP) has brought significant gains to development management, but that its performance against several of the PRS principles is disappointing. A return to these principles could improve the practice of the government and development partners around the PEAP – a finding likely to be applicable to many countries implementing a PRS.
Amount (USD) Expected Release Date Actual Release Date Status 0 Pending Released Key Decisions Re... more Amount (USD) Expected Release Date Actual Release Date Status 0 Pending Released Key Decisions Regarding Implementation The program was cleared by the Board on June 12, 2012. Restructuring History There has been no restructuring to date. Related Operations There are no related projects.
World Bank policy research working paper, Nov 30, 1999
Toimprove humri capio-Ghana and reduce the incidence ot in Ghana child labor in Ghana, tne countr... more Toimprove humri capio-Ghana and reduce the incidence ot in Ghana child labor in Ghana, tne country's school systems Sudbarsban Canagarajab should reduce families' Harsha Coulomb a schoofing costs, adapt to tu : !Harold Coulombe constraints on schooling in rural areas (whera most children mujst vvo-k at ieas, part-time), and provid&-be!Per education lrmore reievari-i to the needs of the labor market). If these thin :q-e done, more families may decide that schooting is a viable option as opposed to "chifd labor-for tneir children The World Bank Human Development Technical Family
The findings of both macro- and microeconomic analysis of the links between growth and gender ine... more The findings of both macro- and microeconomic analysis of the links between growth and gender inequality have shown that large gender disparities in basic human rights, resources, economic opportunity, and in political voice is directly and indirectly limiting growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and that women and girls are bearing the largest and most direct costs of these inequalities.
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Food Policy, Aug 1, 2001
... Since poverty incidence is defined as all consumption levels below an arbitrary cut-off point... more ... Since poverty incidence is defined as all consumption levels below an arbitrary cut-off point, the ... there does not appear to be any differences in non-farm income for Ghana ... a location earnings gap seems to have emerged; individuals from the Coastal and Forest regions received ...
The World Bank eBooks, Nov 30, 1999
... role of labor in Ghana's economic growth using growth accounting and project poverty in ... more ... role of labor in Ghana's economic growth using growth accounting and project poverty in Ghana ... they enjoyed a bonanza in the sharing of rent when the trade regime was highly restricted, before the Economic Recovery Program; and subsequent to the liberalization of the ...
World Bank policy research working paper, Nov 30, 1999
For women in Ghana and Uganda, nonfarm activities Nonfarm Employment piay an important role in in... more For women in Ghana and Uganda, nonfarm activities Nonfarm Employment piay an important role in in Ghana and Uganda yielding the lowestand the most rapidly declining-rural poverty Constance Newman rates. In both countries rural Sudharshan Canagara jab poverty declined fastest for female heads of housenold engaged in nonfarn work (which tended to be a secondary activity). BLut patterns vary between the two countries.
The World Bank eBooks, Nov 30, 1999
Development Policy Review, Jun 27, 2003
Various developing countries with weak public expenditure management systems are establishing vir... more Various developing countries with weak public expenditure management systems are establishing virtual poverty funds (VPFs), drawing on the experience of Uganda's Poverty Action Fund. As a mechanism for tagging and tracking the performance of specific poverty‐reducing expenditures in the budget, a VPF can be useful. However, this article argues that such devices should be treated from the outset as transitional, and as part of wider processes of strengthening public expenditure management; otherwise, they can seriously distort public expenditure allocations and management systems, potentially undermining growth. Emphasis needs to be placed on identifying the right balance of expenditures in the entire budget; improving the effectiveness and efficiency of existing allocations; and developing better public‐sector policies for promoting pro‐poor private sector growth.
The countries of the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region are confronting a number of demographic... more The countries of the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region are confronting a number of demographic challenges over the coming decades. These include shrinking populations and labor forces because of below replacement-level fertility and older age structures, high mortality in a large portion of the region, aging populations and high dependency ratios, shrinking youth populations and less new entrants to the labor force, and relatively immobile populations. Sixteen ECA countries are among twenty in the world where the number of deaths exceed the number of births. Fertility in many ECA countries are at levels demographers refer to as "lowestlow" fertility where the number of births per woman is less than 1.3. A large portion of the population in the ECA region live in countries where male mortality is far below what is expected given their income and levels of development. Several ECA countries have among the oldest median age populations in the world. This paper reviews recent past and projected population trends for the countries of the ECA region, including implications of the expected demographic trends over the next two decades. These include a growing number of dependents to workers, more pensioners and less youth, and immobile populations. Population trends in the ECA region will be compared to those globally and in other countries and regions. The ECA countries will be distinguished based on their current and projected demographic levels. Various policy options will be explored including the role that migration could play.
Journal of African Economies, Oct 1, 1995
... at the centre of economic activity, but political patronage has also been an important motiva... more ... at the centre of economic activity, but political patronage has also been an important motivation. ... Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment (PAMSCAD), most notably food-for-work schemes for redeployees ... et al, 1994).6 This rise parallels the rise in real civil service base salaries ...
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Nov 30, 1997
Toimprove humri capio-Ghana and reduce the incidence ot in Ghana child labor in Ghana, tne countr... more Toimprove humri capio-Ghana and reduce the incidence ot in Ghana child labor in Ghana, tne country's school systems Sudbarsban Canagarajab should reduce families' Harsha Coulomb a schoofing costs, adapt to tu : !Harold Coulombe constraints on schooling in rural areas (whera most children mujst vvo-k at ieas, part-time), and provid&-be!Per education lrmore reievari-i to the needs of the labor market). If these thin :q-e done, more families may decide that schooting is a viable option as opposed to "chifd labor-for tneir children The World Bank Human Development Technical Family
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2007
The study suggests that gender inequality acts as a significant constraint to growth in sub-Sahar... more The study suggests that gender inequality acts as a significant constraint to growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and that removing gender-based barriers to growth will make a substantial contribution to realizing Africa's economic potential. In particular we highlight gender gaps in education, related high fertility levels, gender gaps in formal sector employment, and gender gaps in access to assets and inputs in agricultural production as particular barriers reducing the ability of women to contribute to economic growth. By identifying some of the key factors that determine the ways in which men and women contribute to, and benefit (or lose) from, growth in Africa, we argue that looking at such issues through a gender lens is an essential step in identifying how policy can be shaped in a way that is explicitly gender-inclusive and …/
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily repre... more The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. WP/OZ/l14 This paper describes the nature and evolution of poverty in Nigeria between 1985 and 1992. It highlights the potential wealth of the Nigerian economy and examines how the economic policies pursued in the 1980s and 1990s impacted economic growth and welfare. The headcount measure of poverty in Nigeria declined from 43 percent to 34 percent between 1985 and 1992. Decomposing the factors causing the reduction in poverty shows that the overall decline of 9 percentage point was the net result of a 14 percentage point decline owing to the growth factor and a 5 percentage point increase owing to the income distribution factor. The paper proposes that promoting broad-based growth and targeted interventions in health, education, and infrastructure need to be central strategies in the fight against poverty in Nigeria.
Social Science Research Network, 2002
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily repre... more The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. WP/OZ/l14 This paper describes the nature and evolution of poverty in Nigeria between 1985 and 1992. It highlights the potential wealth of the Nigerian economy and examines how the economic policies pursued in the 1980s and 1990s impacted economic growth and welfare. The headcount measure of poverty in Nigeria declined from 43 percent to 34 percent between 1985 and 1992. Decomposing the factors causing the reduction in poverty shows that the overall decline of 9 percentage point was the net result of a 14 percentage point decline owing to the growth factor and a 5 percentage point increase owing to the income distribution factor. The paper proposes that promoting broad-based growth and targeted interventions in health, education, and infrastructure need to be central strategies in the fight against poverty in Nigeria.
Development Policy Review, Dec 3, 2010
It is over six years since the World Bank and the IMF started promoting a PRS approach to develop... more It is over six years since the World Bank and the IMF started promoting a PRS approach to development management in low‐income countries. The 2005 review endorsed the approach, but highlighted the need for a renewed focus on the principles underpinning it: country ownership; results orientation; comprehensiveness; partnership focus; and long‐term outlook. Uganda is often hailed as one of the best PRS performers. This article finds that Uganda's Poverty Eradicaton Action Plan (PEAP) has brought significant gains to development management, but that its performance against several of the PRS principles is disappointing. A return to these principles could improve the practice of the government and development partners around the PEAP – a finding likely to be applicable to many countries implementing a PRS.
Amount (USD) Expected Release Date Actual Release Date Status 0 Pending Released Key Decisions Re... more Amount (USD) Expected Release Date Actual Release Date Status 0 Pending Released Key Decisions Regarding Implementation The program was cleared by the Board on June 12, 2012. Restructuring History There has been no restructuring to date. Related Operations There are no related projects.
World Bank policy research working paper, Nov 30, 1999
Toimprove humri capio-Ghana and reduce the incidence ot in Ghana child labor in Ghana, tne countr... more Toimprove humri capio-Ghana and reduce the incidence ot in Ghana child labor in Ghana, tne country's school systems Sudbarsban Canagarajab should reduce families' Harsha Coulomb a schoofing costs, adapt to tu : !Harold Coulombe constraints on schooling in rural areas (whera most children mujst vvo-k at ieas, part-time), and provid&-be!Per education lrmore reievari-i to the needs of the labor market). If these thin :q-e done, more families may decide that schooting is a viable option as opposed to "chifd labor-for tneir children The World Bank Human Development Technical Family
The findings of both macro- and microeconomic analysis of the links between growth and gender ine... more The findings of both macro- and microeconomic analysis of the links between growth and gender inequality have shown that large gender disparities in basic human rights, resources, economic opportunity, and in political voice is directly and indirectly limiting growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and that women and girls are bearing the largest and most direct costs of these inequalities.
Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
Food Policy, Aug 1, 2001
... Since poverty incidence is defined as all consumption levels below an arbitrary cut-off point... more ... Since poverty incidence is defined as all consumption levels below an arbitrary cut-off point, the ... there does not appear to be any differences in non-farm income for Ghana ... a location earnings gap seems to have emerged; individuals from the Coastal and Forest regions received ...
The World Bank eBooks, Nov 30, 1999
... role of labor in Ghana's economic growth using growth accounting and project poverty in ... more ... role of labor in Ghana's economic growth using growth accounting and project poverty in Ghana ... they enjoyed a bonanza in the sharing of rent when the trade regime was highly restricted, before the Economic Recovery Program; and subsequent to the liberalization of the ...
World Bank policy research working paper, Nov 30, 1999
For women in Ghana and Uganda, nonfarm activities Nonfarm Employment piay an important role in in... more For women in Ghana and Uganda, nonfarm activities Nonfarm Employment piay an important role in in Ghana and Uganda yielding the lowestand the most rapidly declining-rural poverty Constance Newman rates. In both countries rural Sudharshan Canagara jab poverty declined fastest for female heads of housenold engaged in nonfarn work (which tended to be a secondary activity). BLut patterns vary between the two countries.
The World Bank eBooks, Nov 30, 1999
Development Policy Review, Jun 27, 2003
Various developing countries with weak public expenditure management systems are establishing vir... more Various developing countries with weak public expenditure management systems are establishing virtual poverty funds (VPFs), drawing on the experience of Uganda's Poverty Action Fund. As a mechanism for tagging and tracking the performance of specific poverty‐reducing expenditures in the budget, a VPF can be useful. However, this article argues that such devices should be treated from the outset as transitional, and as part of wider processes of strengthening public expenditure management; otherwise, they can seriously distort public expenditure allocations and management systems, potentially undermining growth. Emphasis needs to be placed on identifying the right balance of expenditures in the entire budget; improving the effectiveness and efficiency of existing allocations; and developing better public‐sector policies for promoting pro‐poor private sector growth.
The countries of the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region are confronting a number of demographic... more The countries of the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region are confronting a number of demographic challenges over the coming decades. These include shrinking populations and labor forces because of below replacement-level fertility and older age structures, high mortality in a large portion of the region, aging populations and high dependency ratios, shrinking youth populations and less new entrants to the labor force, and relatively immobile populations. Sixteen ECA countries are among twenty in the world where the number of deaths exceed the number of births. Fertility in many ECA countries are at levels demographers refer to as "lowestlow" fertility where the number of births per woman is less than 1.3. A large portion of the population in the ECA region live in countries where male mortality is far below what is expected given their income and levels of development. Several ECA countries have among the oldest median age populations in the world. This paper reviews recent past and projected population trends for the countries of the ECA region, including implications of the expected demographic trends over the next two decades. These include a growing number of dependents to workers, more pensioners and less youth, and immobile populations. Population trends in the ECA region will be compared to those globally and in other countries and regions. The ECA countries will be distinguished based on their current and projected demographic levels. Various policy options will be explored including the role that migration could play.
Journal of African Economies, Oct 1, 1995
... at the centre of economic activity, but political patronage has also been an important motiva... more ... at the centre of economic activity, but political patronage has also been an important motivation. ... Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment (PAMSCAD), most notably food-for-work schemes for redeployees ... et al, 1994).6 This rise parallels the rise in real civil service base salaries ...