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Papers by Suja Rani

Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Antimicrobial resistance which causes failure of antibiotic therapy has become a serious global i... more Antimicrobial resistance which causes failure of antibiotic therapy has become a serious global issue nowadays. Bacteria develop resistance towards an antibacterial agent via many mechanisms. Biofilm formation by bacteria poses severe threat to the treatment of infections. The combination of plant molecules with antibiotics can combat antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, antibiofilm activity of two plant molecules berberine and capsaicin was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis cases. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that berberine and capsaicin when combined with quinolones increased the diameter of zone of inhibition in a dose dependent manner. In vitro biofilm assay using congo red agar plate method revealed the antibiofilm activity of berberine and capsaicin in combination with quinolone antibiotics. The study concludes that the combination of phytoconstituents with antibiotics can alleviate resistance mechanisms in bacteria.

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019

1,8-cineole is a major monoterpenoid found principally in essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus, ... more 1,8-cineole is a major monoterpenoid found principally in essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus polybractea, Helichrysum gymnocephalum, Zingiber chrysanthum and Rosmarinus officinalis. It is considered safe and has been used as a flavoring agent in food products, fragrances, cosmetics and phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) in animal health care and livestock production. The present study was undertaken to standardize the protocol for recovery of the phytobiotic 1,8-cineole from the blood of fowl. The parameters were optimized for determination of 1,8-cineole by GC-MS using a single quadruple GC-MS instrument (GCMS-QP2010 Ultra, Shimadzu, Japan) coupled with an auto sampler and Teledyne Tekmar Versa. 1. The retention time was 10.2 min on scan mode and the limit of detection (LOD) of 1,8-cineole was 0.001 μg/mL on SIM mode. Maximum recovery from was obtained with hexane as the solvent and the recovery percentages from plasma fortified with 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ppm was 81.76, 84.23 and 82.13 respectively.

$Research paper thumbnail of Toxicity evaluation of aqueous soluble fraction of Tamarindus indica seed coat extract in albino wistar rats$

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2021

The present study was aimed at toxicological evaluation of aqueous soluble fraction of methanolic... more The present study was aimed at toxicological evaluation of aqueous soluble fraction of methanolic extract of Tamarindus indica seed coat (AMTS) on acute oral exposure in rats and to detect phytoactive constituents present in AMTS. The toxicity study was done as per Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development test guidelines No. 420, Acute Oral Toxicity-Fixed Dose Procedure, while phytochemical screening of AMTS was done by various qualitative tests. The AMTS treated rats survived throughout the study period and did not exhibit any adverse clinical signs at the limit dose level. Besides, necropsy revealed no pathological lesions in AMTS-treated rats. Furthermore, phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. In summary, acute oral toxicity testing of AMTS revealed no treatment-related detrimental effects up to a dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight, enabling it to be listed as hazard category 5/unclassified under the Globally Harmonized System.

Antimicrobial resistance’ is a global epidemic issue causing economic loss to dairy farmers espec... more Antimicrobial resistance’ is a global epidemic issue causing economic loss to dairy farmers especially when treatment become unresponsive to mastitis. In the recent past, role of efflux pumps in development of resistance is intervened so as to overcome bacterial resistance to broad class of chemotherapeutic agents. In the current study an attempt has been made to investigate the ability of ‘piperine’, a phytochemical to overcome the efflux pump, AcrAB-TolC mediated resistance in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis. The study revealed piperine reduced the MIC of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against E.coli isolates from mastitis and showed synergistic action at a concentration of 100 ppm. A 16 fold reduction in MIC of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were observed upon co-exposure at concentration of 100 ppm. Gene expression studies indicated down regulation of expression of acr A, acr B and tol C efflux pump in E. coli isolates resistant to enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Piperine ...

$Research paper thumbnail of Pharmaco-chemical characterization of terpenoid fraction of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. from western ghats of Wayanad region of Kerala, India$

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019

Objective: Nowadays a lot of herbal formulations are widely being used in Ayurveda. However, it i... more Objective: Nowadays a lot of herbal formulations are widely being used in Ayurveda. However, it is not easy to analyse their pharmacological activity unless a phytochemical investigation is conducted of that particular plant extract. Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp, a herb belonging to family Asteraceae is reported for its mosquito larvicidal and insect repellent activities. The present study was undertaken to characterize the ethanolic extract, hexane fraction and terpenoid fraction of Artemisia nilagirica using chromatographic techniques. Results: The prepared ethanolic extracts and its fractions were subjected to phytochemical screening which showed presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, fixed oils and fats and steroids. HPTLC was used as a tool to detect the presence of polyvalent compounds present in the ethanolic extract and its fractions. The chromatogram showed presence of polyvalent compounds in ethanolic extract and hexane fraction which depicted varied ...

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from d... more Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. More than 200 species of plants possess antidiabetic properties which were evaluated mostly by screening tests and some are yet to explore. One such plant named, Flacourtia montana (Family-Flacourtiaceae) was used in these study to evaluate antihyperglycemic activity of methanolic leaf extract in STZ induced type I diabetes model. Animals were randomized in to five groups of six each, all the groups except Group I were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose rate of 45 mg/kg body weight. The Group I served as the normal control, Group II and III as STZ and Glibenclamide control. The group – IV and group V were administered methanolic leaf extract @ 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body wt for 15 days. The result revealed an increase in Blood glucose, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, LDL-C, AST, ALT level...

Owing to the pivotal role of diet in causing metabolic syndrome in humans, diverse high energy di... more Owing to the pivotal role of diet in causing metabolic syndrome in humans, diverse high energy diets have been utilized to precipitate obesity and related metabolic disorders in animal models, though the dietary intervention is not been absolutely standardized. The present study was therefore, conducted with the objective of finalizing a customized, semipurified normal control diet (NCD) and high fat diet (HFD), formulated based on American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93) rodent diet composition with minor modifications, for studies on diet-induced metabolic disorders

Insulin resistance and leptin resistance, majorly associated with attenuated insulin and leptin s... more Insulin resistance and leptin resistance, majorly associated with attenuated insulin and leptin signaling are the hallmarks in common, for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B), a major negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling is therefore, a unique target for simultaneous treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study, hence evaluated anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of water soluble extract of Tamarindus indica seed coat (WETS) and explored the PTP-1B inhibitory potentia

Pharmacognosy Research, 2014

Background: Antioxidants from natural sources have a major role in reversing the effects of oxida... more Background: Antioxidants from natural sources have a major role in reversing the effects of oxidative stress and promoting health, growth and productivity in animals. Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the possible antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects of Phytocee™ Cool on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were pretreated with Phytocee™ Cool for 10 days and were challenged with CCl 4 (1:1 v/v) in olive oil on the 10 th day. After 24 h of CCl 4 administration blood was collected and markers of hepatocellular damage aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were evaluated. Rats were sacrificed and oxidative stress in liver was estimated using malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Results: CCl 4 caused a significant increase in serum AST, ALT, hepatic MDA and GSH levels, whereas the SOD and catalase activities were decreased. Phytocee™ Cool pretreatment attenuated the MDA, AST ALT levels and increased the activities of SOD and catalase. Conclusion: Phytocee™ Cool demonstrated antioxidant potential and hepatoprotective effects and plausibly be used in the amelioration of oxidative stress.

The Scientific World Journal, 2014

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the prevalence of which is rising globally with current... more Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the prevalence of which is rising globally with current upsurge in obesity, is one of the most frequent causes of chronic liver diseases. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effect of extract ofTamarindus indicaseed coat (ETS) on high fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD, after daily administration at 45, 90, and 180 mg/kg body weight dose levels for a period of 6 weeks, in albino Wistar rats. Treatment with ETS at all tested dose levels significantly attenuated the pathological alterations associated with HFD induced NAFLDviz. hepatomegaly, elevated hepatic lipid and lipid peroxides, serum alanine aminotransferase, and free fatty acid levels as well as micro-/macrohepatic steatosis. Moreover, extract treatment markedly reduced body weight and adiposity along with an improvement in insulin resistance index. The study findings, therefore suggested the therapeutic potential of ETS against NAFLD, acting in part through antiobesity, insulin sen...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the prevalence of which is rising alarmingly along wit... more Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the prevalence of which is rising alarmingly along with upsurge in obesity, is one of the most frequent causes of liver damage. The aim of current investigation was to evaluate effect of water soluble extract of Tamarindus indica seed coat (WETS) in ameliorating NAFLD in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese model.

Diverse high energy diets have been utilized to precipitate obesity and related metabolic disorde... more Diverse high energy diets have been utilized to precipitate obesity and related metabolic disorders in rodent models, though the dietary intervention has not absolutely been standardized. The present study established usage of a customized semipurified normal control diet (NCD) and high fat diet (HFD), for research studies on diet-induced metabolic disorders in albino rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with normal pellet diet (NPD) or customized NCDs I, II, III or HFDs I, II, III for 12 weeks and parameters, namely, body weight, visceral adiposity, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose were evaluated to select an appropriate NCD and HFD. The selected HFD was further evaluated for induction of fatty liver, whilst type 2 diabetes (T2D) induction was confirmed in HFD and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes model in Wistar rats. Amongst different diets tested, NCD-I and HFD-I were selected, since NCD-I exhibited close resemblance to NPD, whereas HFD-I induced metabolic alterations, particularly obesity and dyslipidemia consistently. Moreover, HFD-I elevated terminal hepatic lipids, while HFD-I/STZ treatment augmented insulin resistance index and serum glucose levels significantly indicating effective induction of fatty liver and T2D, respectively. Therefore, customized semipurified NCD-I and HFD-I can be recommended for research studies on diet-induced metabolic disorders in albino Wistar rats.