Abdulhakeem Sulyman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Abdulhakeem Sulyman

Research paper thumbnail of Honey Prevents Lead Induced Renal Dysfunction By Improving Antioxidant Activities in Male Wistar Rats

Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, May 2, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiabetic potentials of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl.) roots

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Apr 1, 2016

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Oral administration of alcoholic decoctions of Aristolochia ringe... more ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Oral administration of alcoholic decoctions of Aristolochia ringens is used extensively by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP) of Yoruba heritage in South west, Nigeria for the management of diabetes and its associated complications. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the potentials of root ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens V. (REAR) in the management of diabetes using chemical induced experimental animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out to elucidate chemical constituents of the REAR extract using phytochemical analyses and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were orally administered with 75, 150 and 300mg/kg body weight of the REAR, once a day and the blood glucose (GLU) levels were monitored for 14 days. Mechanisms of GLU lowering effect were investigated by performing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and modulation of diabetes associated biomarkers including hepatic glycogen (GLY), GLU, alpha amylase (αAMY) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) by the extract. RESULTS Extraction from A. ringens roots using ethanol/water (70/30) yielded 10.25% w/w REAR extract. Preliminary phytochemical profiling of REAR extract revealed the presence of flavonoids (23.03%), phenols (19.15%), alkaloids (16.13%), tannins (4.21%), saponins (1.44%) and GC-MS analyses showed that bulk of the extract was constituted by aristolone (92.3%). Oral administration of 300mg/kg b. wt. REAR extract caused significant reduction (>90%) in hyperglycemia to normal GLU level (≤ 120mg/dl) after 11 days of treatment. Lower doses of 75 and 150mg/kg b. wt. caused similar effect after 13 days. The extract also normalized postprandial GLU to baseline level within 90-120min. Also, GLY concentrations and GPDH activity were significantly increased, whereas GLU levels and αAMY activity were reduced in the liver of diabetic rats treated with REAR extract compared to values in non-treated diabetic group. CONCLUSION These findings revealed that ethanolic extract from A. ringens root possess antihyperglycemic activity and the data established its usage in folkloric decoctions for management of diabetes.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves of Hoslundia opposite V. on Selected Biochemical Indices in Rats

British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro radical scavenging potential and toxicopathological implications of administration of aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus obliqua L.Her. (Myrtaceae) in Wistar rats

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation, purification and characterization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus niger cultured on Arachis hypogaea shells

Research paper thumbnail of Bioprospection of Selected Plant Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of the Proteolytic Activity of Plasmodium falciparum Plasmepsin V

BioMed Research International

Malaria is a devastating disease, and its management is only achieved through chemotherapy. Howev... more Malaria is a devastating disease, and its management is only achieved through chemotherapy. However, resistance to available medication is still a challenge; therefore, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of therapeutics with a novel mechanism of action to counter the resistance scourge consistent with the currently available antimalarials. Recently, plasmepsin V was validated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of malaria. The pepsin-like aspartic protease anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the trafficking of parasite-derived proteins to the erythrocytic surface of the host cells. In this study, a small library of compounds was preliminarily screened in vitro to identify novel modulators of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin V (PfPMV). The results obtained revealed kaempferol, quercetin, and shikonin as possible PfPMV inhibitors, and these compounds were subsequently probed for their inhibitory potentials using in vitro and in silico ...

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Aristolochia ringens Stem Bark in Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhoeal Albino Rats

Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2018

The antidiarrhoeal potentials of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens stem back was evaluate... more The antidiarrhoeal potentials of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens stem back was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal rats. The A. ringens stem back ethanolic extract was, in addition, screened for its phytoconstituents. Thirty albino rats of 150-180 g were randomized into six groups of five animals each for each of the three experiments and all administration were oral. Rats in groups I and II were administered 1.0 ml distilled water and 1% DMSO (Vehicle) respectively, while those in group III were administered 2.5 mg/kg b.wt loperamide hydrochloride as reference drug. Rats in groups IV, V and VI were administered 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.wt. ethanolic extract of A. ringens stem bark. The castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model was used, the weight and volume of the intestinal content was determined by enteropooling method and the intestinal motility was determined using activated charcoal method. The small intestine of the rats was also assessed for histopathological chan...

Research paper thumbnail of Purification and Partial Characterization of Cellulase Produced by Aspergillus niger Cultured on Vitellaria paradoxa shells

Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2017

This research investigated the purification and partial characterization of cellulase produced by... more This research investigated the purification and partial characterization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus niger cultured on Vitellaria paradoxa shells. Cellulase (endoglucanase) from A. niger was produced under optimum fermentation conditions at 35 °C, pH 4.7, V. paradoxa, 4 g/L, inoculum size of 10 mm and the fermentation media incubated for 120 hours. The crude endoglucanase obtained were partially purified by subjecting to ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography for further purification. The effect of temperature and pH on the activity of purified endoglucanase was determined. Cellulase was purified to 734.33 folds by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography with a specific activity and yield of 4.406 U/mg and 63.03% respectively. Fractions 4 and 7 contained the highest endoglucanase activity out of 18 fractions collected and the two fractions were pooled for further analysis. The activity of purified endoglucanase was optimum at a temperature...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Administration of Root Ethanolic Extract of Aristolochia Ringens on the Liver Functional Indices of Male Wistar Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology, 2017

Background: The alcoholic decoction of root ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens is taken or... more Background: The alcoholic decoction of root ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens is taken orally to treat various ailments in Southwest Nigeria without prior knowledge of its potential toxic effect. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the toxicity potentials of root ethanolic extract of A. ringens on functional indices and histology of the liver. Methods: Twenty male rats were randomized into four groups of five animals each. Group A (control) received 0.5 ml of distilled water, group B, C and D received 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg b. wt. of the extract respectively. The administration was done orally and lasted for fourteen days. Results: The extract significantly reduced the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as reduction in the level of serum albumin and direct bilirubin (P<0.05) while the level of total bilirubin increased. The activities of these enzymes i.e. ALP, ALT and AST increased in the serum at all the doses investigated. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract from A. ringens root may not be completely safe when administered repeatedly.

Research paper thumbnail of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Heliotropium Indicum Ameliorates Hyperglycaemia-Induced Tissue Complications in Albino Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology, 2018

Background: Heliotropium indicum is used by traditional medical practitioners in North Central Ni... more Background: Heliotropium indicum is used by traditional medical practitioners in North Central Nigeria for the management of ailments including diabetes. However, the folkloric use of H. indicum as antidiabetic has been asserted, but its roles on the hyperglycemia-induced organ-specific complications are not yet scientifically proven. Thus, ameliorative effect of aqueous leaf extract of H. indicum on selected toxicological parameters in hyperglycaemic rats was investigated in this study. Methods: Twenty-five rats were randomized into five groups. The study was carried out at the

Research paper thumbnail of Toxicological Implication of Sub-chronic Administration of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Cochlospermum planchonii in Albino Rats

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiabetic efficacies of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl) roots: in vivo comparative studies

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2019

Antidiabetic effects of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of roots of Aristolochia ringens (Vah... more Antidiabetic effects of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of roots of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl) were comparatively assessed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats. Pulverized root of A. ringens was soaked with methanol, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The resulting residue was subsequently dissolved in ethyl acetate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness to obtain ethyl acetate extract. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of A. ringens root yielded 20.50 g (10.25%) and 16.4 g (8.2%) respectively. Both extracts (150 mg/kg bw) and metformin (14.2 mg/kg bw) used as reference were administered orally to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 7 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was monitored and percentage reduction in glycemia computed. Hepatic concentrations of glucose and glycogen as well as alpha amylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were also evaluated. FBG level persisted in animals that were diabetic but not treated (323.20 ± 1.01 mg/dL), whereas FBG levels in treated rats following administration of metformin, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts for 7 days were 148.55 ± 1.62, 129.08 ± 2.52, and 181.21 ± 0.44 mg/dL, resulting in percentage reduction of 80.93%, 85.44%, and 69.10% in glycemia respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts from A. ringens root caused higher reduction in hepatic glucose concentration with concomitant increase in glycogen level when compared to the methanol extract. The root extracts also stimulated the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase while inhibiting the activity of α-amylase in the liver of the treated groups compared to the untreated groups. Findings from this study revealed that ethyl acetate extract of Aristolochia ringens displayed strong antidiabetic potential than the methanol extract of the same plant.

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiabetic Screening of Phenolic-rich Extracts of Selected Medicinal Spices

Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 2018

Medicinal spices are used by herbal practitioners as condiments in decoctions for management of d... more Medicinal spices are used by herbal practitioners as condiments in decoctions for management of diabetes and its associated complications. The study assessed and compared the potentials of phenolic-rich extracts from four selected medicinal spices: Curcuma longa; Allium sativum; Xylopia aethiopica and Syzygium aromaticum to delay carbohydrate digestion, scavenge free radicals and ameliorate hyperglycemia. Results showed that the seed of X. aethiopica has the highest phenolic content (19.25 ± 0.96 mg/g) while C. longa extracts was the lowest (10.42 ± 0.86 mg/g). Dose-dependent in vitro bioactivities were exhibited by all the spice extracts, with the best antiradical (EC 50 = 64.98 ± 5.16 lg/ ml) and a-amylase inhibitory (IC 50 = 11.33 ± 1.10 lg/ml) activities displayed by A. sativum and S. aromaticum, respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of either of the spice extracts for 5 days caused significant reduction ([ 80%) in hyperglycemia. The antidiabetic activities of the spice extracts may be attributed to the presence of notable secondary metabolites such as tumerone and its derivatives in C. longa extract or eugenol that was the main constituent of the extract from S. aromaticum and also found in minor quantities in A. sativum and X. aethiopica extracts. These findings showed that extract from these spices could be explored as a functional component of foods or as candidates for development of oral antihyperglycemic agents for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Research paper thumbnail of Protective effect of juice extract of mesocarp rind of Citrullus lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2017

The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international edit... more The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Objective: To investigate the protective roles of juice extract of mesocarp rind of C. lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Methods: Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups of 5 animals each, namely Groups A-F. The oxidant (CCl 4) was used to induce oxidative stress in rats. It was administered as a single subcutaneous injection (2.0 mL/kg body weight) diluted 1:1 in paraffin oil on the 21st day. Animals in Group A (control) received 1 mL of distilled water; Group B received 1 mL of distilled water + CCl 4 ; Group C received 100 mg/kg body weight ascorbic acid + CCl 4 ; while Groups D, E and F were administered with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of C. lanatus extract + CCl 4 respectively. The treatments were given once a day and lasted for 21 days. The levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-stransferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and serum were evaluated. Results: The assessment of antioxidant parameters revealed a significant (P < 0.05) hepatic oxidative damage in CCl 4 treated albino rats, and this was considerably reversed to almost normal level in rats co-administered with juice extract of mesocarp rind of C. lanatus at the dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 consecutive days. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this present study that the mesocarp rind of C. lanatus is rich in antioxidants and thus suggesting the possibility of utilizing it as nutraceutical or functional foods to prevent or manage some critical complications in living cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Ameliorative and antidyslipidemic potentials of aqueous leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium in CCl4 carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress rats

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2016

All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to Ethical Committee o... more All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to Ethical Committee on the Use and Care of Animals of Al-Hikmah University Ilorin and approved by Ethical Committee. The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Objective: To investigate the effect of leaf aqueous extract from Gongronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on CCl 4 induced-oxidative stress in Wistar rat. This effect was assessed by measuring liver marker enzymes activity, analyzing the antioxidant parameters, lipid profile estimation and lipid peroxidation by-product following CCl 4 induced-oxidative stress. Methods: Milled G. latifolium leaves were subjected to aqueous extraction and the filtrate was evaporated between 40-60 °C under reduced pressure and a calculated volume of the leaf extract was administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Thirty-five rats were grouped into seven groups of 5 animals each namely; control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with 2.0 mL/kg body weight CCl 4 , 25 mg/kg body weight/ day silymarin (a standard hepatoprotective antioxidant), 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of G. latifolium leaves were administered to the CCl 4 treated rats for 21 days. Results: Administration of the extract and silymarin increase significantly (P < 0.05) in liver marker enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) activities in serum, liver and kidney in the treated groups when compared with untreated groups. The antioxidant parameters (catalase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in animals treated with the extract and silymarin in comparison with untreated groups. CCl 4 induced oxidative stress mediated variations in total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were restored significantly (P < 0.05) by the extract. Conclusions: The result obtained from this study indicated the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic potentials of the aqueous extract of G. latifolium leaves.

Research paper thumbnail of Combined administration of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata leaf extracts stall Indomethacin-mediated gastric mucosal onslaught in rats

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2015

Background: Despite the rapidly changing concept of gastric ulcer management from conventional va... more Background: Despite the rapidly changing concept of gastric ulcer management from conventional vagotomy, H 2 receptor antagonists and antacids to proton pump inhibitors, gastrointestinal toxicity remains an impediment to their application in clinical practice. Combined administration of two or more plant extracts with therapeutic efficacy may proffer solution to this menace. This study investigated the combined gastroprotective effects of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata leaf extracts against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were randomized into six groups of five animals each and ulceration was induced by a single oral administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body weight). Ulcerated rats were orally administered with Spondias mombin, Ficus exasperata at 200 mg/kg body weight and esomeprazole (a reference drug) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight once daily for 21 days after ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions and antioxidant parameters were evaluated. Results: We observed that the significantly increased (P < 0.05) ulcer index, gastric acidity, malondialdehyde level and pepsin activity were markedly reduced following co-administration of S. mombin and F. exasperata. The extracts also effectively attenuated the reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as pH, mucin content and reduced glutathione level in the ulcerated rats. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings are indicative of gastroprotective and antioxidative attributes of the two extracts which is also evident in the % protective index value obtained. The available evidences in this study suggest that the complementary effects of S. mombin and F. exasperata proved to be capable of ameliorating indomethacin-mediated gastric ulceration and the probable mechanisms are via antioxidative and proton pump inhibition.

Research paper thumbnail of Toxicological evaluations of Stigma maydis (corn silk) aqueous extract on hematological and lipid parameters in Wistar rats

Toxicology Reports, 2015

Despite the acclaimed phytotherapeutic attributes of Stigma maydis in folkloric medicine, there i... more Despite the acclaimed phytotherapeutic attributes of Stigma maydis in folkloric medicine, there is paucity of information on its toxicity profile on hematological and lipid parameters. The toxicological effect of aqueous extract of corn silk at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight on hematological indices in Wistar rats were evaluated progressively at 24 h after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Lipid parameters were also analyzed at the end of the experimental period. We observed that the extract did not exhibit any significant (p > 0.05) effect on red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean platelet volume at all the tested doses. The study however showed a significant increase in the serum levels of white blood cell, platelet, lymphocytes, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; as well as feeding pattern in the animals, while the concentrations of total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and artherogenic index value were significantly lowered. These findings are suggestive of non-hematotoxic potential of the extract. Overall, the effect exhibited by corn silk extract in this study proved that, it is unlikely to be hematotoxic and could be a good candidature in the management of coronary heart diseases if consumed at the doses investigated.

Research paper thumbnail of Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats: Protective roles of Spondias mombin a nd Ficus exasperata

Toxicology Reports, 2015

This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects o... more This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by a single oral administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with esomeprazole (reference drug) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, S. mombin or F. exasperata at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight once daily for 21 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions and antioxidant parameters were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased (p < 0.05) ulcer index, gastric volume, malondialdehyde level and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with S. mombin and F. exasperata. The extracts also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. These findings are indicative of gastroprotective and antioxidative potentials of the extracts which is also evident in the degree of % inhibition against ulceration. The available data in this study suggest that the extracts of S. mombin and F. exasperata proved to be capable of ameliorating indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration and the probable mechanisms are via antioxidative and proton pump inhibition.

Research paper thumbnail of Honey Prevents Lead Induced Renal Dysfunction By Improving Antioxidant Activities in Male Wistar Rats

Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, May 2, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiabetic potentials of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl.) roots

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Apr 1, 2016

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Oral administration of alcoholic decoctions of Aristolochia ringe... more ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Oral administration of alcoholic decoctions of Aristolochia ringens is used extensively by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP) of Yoruba heritage in South west, Nigeria for the management of diabetes and its associated complications. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the potentials of root ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens V. (REAR) in the management of diabetes using chemical induced experimental animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out to elucidate chemical constituents of the REAR extract using phytochemical analyses and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were orally administered with 75, 150 and 300mg/kg body weight of the REAR, once a day and the blood glucose (GLU) levels were monitored for 14 days. Mechanisms of GLU lowering effect were investigated by performing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and modulation of diabetes associated biomarkers including hepatic glycogen (GLY), GLU, alpha amylase (αAMY) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) by the extract. RESULTS Extraction from A. ringens roots using ethanol/water (70/30) yielded 10.25% w/w REAR extract. Preliminary phytochemical profiling of REAR extract revealed the presence of flavonoids (23.03%), phenols (19.15%), alkaloids (16.13%), tannins (4.21%), saponins (1.44%) and GC-MS analyses showed that bulk of the extract was constituted by aristolone (92.3%). Oral administration of 300mg/kg b. wt. REAR extract caused significant reduction (>90%) in hyperglycemia to normal GLU level (≤ 120mg/dl) after 11 days of treatment. Lower doses of 75 and 150mg/kg b. wt. caused similar effect after 13 days. The extract also normalized postprandial GLU to baseline level within 90-120min. Also, GLY concentrations and GPDH activity were significantly increased, whereas GLU levels and αAMY activity were reduced in the liver of diabetic rats treated with REAR extract compared to values in non-treated diabetic group. CONCLUSION These findings revealed that ethanolic extract from A. ringens root possess antihyperglycemic activity and the data established its usage in folkloric decoctions for management of diabetes.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves of Hoslundia opposite V. on Selected Biochemical Indices in Rats

British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro radical scavenging potential and toxicopathological implications of administration of aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus obliqua L.Her. (Myrtaceae) in Wistar rats

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation, purification and characterization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus niger cultured on Arachis hypogaea shells

Research paper thumbnail of Bioprospection of Selected Plant Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of the Proteolytic Activity of Plasmodium falciparum Plasmepsin V

BioMed Research International

Malaria is a devastating disease, and its management is only achieved through chemotherapy. Howev... more Malaria is a devastating disease, and its management is only achieved through chemotherapy. However, resistance to available medication is still a challenge; therefore, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of therapeutics with a novel mechanism of action to counter the resistance scourge consistent with the currently available antimalarials. Recently, plasmepsin V was validated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of malaria. The pepsin-like aspartic protease anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the trafficking of parasite-derived proteins to the erythrocytic surface of the host cells. In this study, a small library of compounds was preliminarily screened in vitro to identify novel modulators of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin V (PfPMV). The results obtained revealed kaempferol, quercetin, and shikonin as possible PfPMV inhibitors, and these compounds were subsequently probed for their inhibitory potentials using in vitro and in silico ...

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Aristolochia ringens Stem Bark in Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhoeal Albino Rats

Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2018

The antidiarrhoeal potentials of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens stem back was evaluate... more The antidiarrhoeal potentials of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens stem back was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal rats. The A. ringens stem back ethanolic extract was, in addition, screened for its phytoconstituents. Thirty albino rats of 150-180 g were randomized into six groups of five animals each for each of the three experiments and all administration were oral. Rats in groups I and II were administered 1.0 ml distilled water and 1% DMSO (Vehicle) respectively, while those in group III were administered 2.5 mg/kg b.wt loperamide hydrochloride as reference drug. Rats in groups IV, V and VI were administered 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.wt. ethanolic extract of A. ringens stem bark. The castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model was used, the weight and volume of the intestinal content was determined by enteropooling method and the intestinal motility was determined using activated charcoal method. The small intestine of the rats was also assessed for histopathological chan...

Research paper thumbnail of Purification and Partial Characterization of Cellulase Produced by Aspergillus niger Cultured on Vitellaria paradoxa shells

Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2017

This research investigated the purification and partial characterization of cellulase produced by... more This research investigated the purification and partial characterization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus niger cultured on Vitellaria paradoxa shells. Cellulase (endoglucanase) from A. niger was produced under optimum fermentation conditions at 35 °C, pH 4.7, V. paradoxa, 4 g/L, inoculum size of 10 mm and the fermentation media incubated for 120 hours. The crude endoglucanase obtained were partially purified by subjecting to ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography for further purification. The effect of temperature and pH on the activity of purified endoglucanase was determined. Cellulase was purified to 734.33 folds by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography with a specific activity and yield of 4.406 U/mg and 63.03% respectively. Fractions 4 and 7 contained the highest endoglucanase activity out of 18 fractions collected and the two fractions were pooled for further analysis. The activity of purified endoglucanase was optimum at a temperature...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Administration of Root Ethanolic Extract of Aristolochia Ringens on the Liver Functional Indices of Male Wistar Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology, 2017

Background: The alcoholic decoction of root ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens is taken or... more Background: The alcoholic decoction of root ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens is taken orally to treat various ailments in Southwest Nigeria without prior knowledge of its potential toxic effect. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the toxicity potentials of root ethanolic extract of A. ringens on functional indices and histology of the liver. Methods: Twenty male rats were randomized into four groups of five animals each. Group A (control) received 0.5 ml of distilled water, group B, C and D received 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg b. wt. of the extract respectively. The administration was done orally and lasted for fourteen days. Results: The extract significantly reduced the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as reduction in the level of serum albumin and direct bilirubin (P<0.05) while the level of total bilirubin increased. The activities of these enzymes i.e. ALP, ALT and AST increased in the serum at all the doses investigated. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract from A. ringens root may not be completely safe when administered repeatedly.

Research paper thumbnail of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Heliotropium Indicum Ameliorates Hyperglycaemia-Induced Tissue Complications in Albino Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology, 2018

Background: Heliotropium indicum is used by traditional medical practitioners in North Central Ni... more Background: Heliotropium indicum is used by traditional medical practitioners in North Central Nigeria for the management of ailments including diabetes. However, the folkloric use of H. indicum as antidiabetic has been asserted, but its roles on the hyperglycemia-induced organ-specific complications are not yet scientifically proven. Thus, ameliorative effect of aqueous leaf extract of H. indicum on selected toxicological parameters in hyperglycaemic rats was investigated in this study. Methods: Twenty-five rats were randomized into five groups. The study was carried out at the

Research paper thumbnail of Toxicological Implication of Sub-chronic Administration of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Cochlospermum planchonii in Albino Rats

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiabetic efficacies of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl) roots: in vivo comparative studies

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2019

Antidiabetic effects of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of roots of Aristolochia ringens (Vah... more Antidiabetic effects of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of roots of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl) were comparatively assessed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats. Pulverized root of A. ringens was soaked with methanol, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The resulting residue was subsequently dissolved in ethyl acetate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness to obtain ethyl acetate extract. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of A. ringens root yielded 20.50 g (10.25%) and 16.4 g (8.2%) respectively. Both extracts (150 mg/kg bw) and metformin (14.2 mg/kg bw) used as reference were administered orally to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 7 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was monitored and percentage reduction in glycemia computed. Hepatic concentrations of glucose and glycogen as well as alpha amylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were also evaluated. FBG level persisted in animals that were diabetic but not treated (323.20 ± 1.01 mg/dL), whereas FBG levels in treated rats following administration of metformin, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts for 7 days were 148.55 ± 1.62, 129.08 ± 2.52, and 181.21 ± 0.44 mg/dL, resulting in percentage reduction of 80.93%, 85.44%, and 69.10% in glycemia respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts from A. ringens root caused higher reduction in hepatic glucose concentration with concomitant increase in glycogen level when compared to the methanol extract. The root extracts also stimulated the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase while inhibiting the activity of α-amylase in the liver of the treated groups compared to the untreated groups. Findings from this study revealed that ethyl acetate extract of Aristolochia ringens displayed strong antidiabetic potential than the methanol extract of the same plant.

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiabetic Screening of Phenolic-rich Extracts of Selected Medicinal Spices

Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 2018

Medicinal spices are used by herbal practitioners as condiments in decoctions for management of d... more Medicinal spices are used by herbal practitioners as condiments in decoctions for management of diabetes and its associated complications. The study assessed and compared the potentials of phenolic-rich extracts from four selected medicinal spices: Curcuma longa; Allium sativum; Xylopia aethiopica and Syzygium aromaticum to delay carbohydrate digestion, scavenge free radicals and ameliorate hyperglycemia. Results showed that the seed of X. aethiopica has the highest phenolic content (19.25 ± 0.96 mg/g) while C. longa extracts was the lowest (10.42 ± 0.86 mg/g). Dose-dependent in vitro bioactivities were exhibited by all the spice extracts, with the best antiradical (EC 50 = 64.98 ± 5.16 lg/ ml) and a-amylase inhibitory (IC 50 = 11.33 ± 1.10 lg/ml) activities displayed by A. sativum and S. aromaticum, respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of either of the spice extracts for 5 days caused significant reduction ([ 80%) in hyperglycemia. The antidiabetic activities of the spice extracts may be attributed to the presence of notable secondary metabolites such as tumerone and its derivatives in C. longa extract or eugenol that was the main constituent of the extract from S. aromaticum and also found in minor quantities in A. sativum and X. aethiopica extracts. These findings showed that extract from these spices could be explored as a functional component of foods or as candidates for development of oral antihyperglycemic agents for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Research paper thumbnail of Protective effect of juice extract of mesocarp rind of Citrullus lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2017

The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international edit... more The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Objective: To investigate the protective roles of juice extract of mesocarp rind of C. lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Methods: Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups of 5 animals each, namely Groups A-F. The oxidant (CCl 4) was used to induce oxidative stress in rats. It was administered as a single subcutaneous injection (2.0 mL/kg body weight) diluted 1:1 in paraffin oil on the 21st day. Animals in Group A (control) received 1 mL of distilled water; Group B received 1 mL of distilled water + CCl 4 ; Group C received 100 mg/kg body weight ascorbic acid + CCl 4 ; while Groups D, E and F were administered with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of C. lanatus extract + CCl 4 respectively. The treatments were given once a day and lasted for 21 days. The levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-stransferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and serum were evaluated. Results: The assessment of antioxidant parameters revealed a significant (P < 0.05) hepatic oxidative damage in CCl 4 treated albino rats, and this was considerably reversed to almost normal level in rats co-administered with juice extract of mesocarp rind of C. lanatus at the dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 consecutive days. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this present study that the mesocarp rind of C. lanatus is rich in antioxidants and thus suggesting the possibility of utilizing it as nutraceutical or functional foods to prevent or manage some critical complications in living cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Ameliorative and antidyslipidemic potentials of aqueous leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium in CCl4 carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress rats

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2016

All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to Ethical Committee o... more All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to Ethical Committee on the Use and Care of Animals of Al-Hikmah University Ilorin and approved by Ethical Committee. The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Objective: To investigate the effect of leaf aqueous extract from Gongronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on CCl 4 induced-oxidative stress in Wistar rat. This effect was assessed by measuring liver marker enzymes activity, analyzing the antioxidant parameters, lipid profile estimation and lipid peroxidation by-product following CCl 4 induced-oxidative stress. Methods: Milled G. latifolium leaves were subjected to aqueous extraction and the filtrate was evaporated between 40-60 °C under reduced pressure and a calculated volume of the leaf extract was administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Thirty-five rats were grouped into seven groups of 5 animals each namely; control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with 2.0 mL/kg body weight CCl 4 , 25 mg/kg body weight/ day silymarin (a standard hepatoprotective antioxidant), 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of G. latifolium leaves were administered to the CCl 4 treated rats for 21 days. Results: Administration of the extract and silymarin increase significantly (P < 0.05) in liver marker enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) activities in serum, liver and kidney in the treated groups when compared with untreated groups. The antioxidant parameters (catalase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in animals treated with the extract and silymarin in comparison with untreated groups. CCl 4 induced oxidative stress mediated variations in total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were restored significantly (P < 0.05) by the extract. Conclusions: The result obtained from this study indicated the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic potentials of the aqueous extract of G. latifolium leaves.

Research paper thumbnail of Combined administration of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata leaf extracts stall Indomethacin-mediated gastric mucosal onslaught in rats

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2015

Background: Despite the rapidly changing concept of gastric ulcer management from conventional va... more Background: Despite the rapidly changing concept of gastric ulcer management from conventional vagotomy, H 2 receptor antagonists and antacids to proton pump inhibitors, gastrointestinal toxicity remains an impediment to their application in clinical practice. Combined administration of two or more plant extracts with therapeutic efficacy may proffer solution to this menace. This study investigated the combined gastroprotective effects of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata leaf extracts against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were randomized into six groups of five animals each and ulceration was induced by a single oral administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body weight). Ulcerated rats were orally administered with Spondias mombin, Ficus exasperata at 200 mg/kg body weight and esomeprazole (a reference drug) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight once daily for 21 days after ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions and antioxidant parameters were evaluated. Results: We observed that the significantly increased (P < 0.05) ulcer index, gastric acidity, malondialdehyde level and pepsin activity were markedly reduced following co-administration of S. mombin and F. exasperata. The extracts also effectively attenuated the reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as pH, mucin content and reduced glutathione level in the ulcerated rats. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings are indicative of gastroprotective and antioxidative attributes of the two extracts which is also evident in the % protective index value obtained. The available evidences in this study suggest that the complementary effects of S. mombin and F. exasperata proved to be capable of ameliorating indomethacin-mediated gastric ulceration and the probable mechanisms are via antioxidative and proton pump inhibition.

Research paper thumbnail of Toxicological evaluations of Stigma maydis (corn silk) aqueous extract on hematological and lipid parameters in Wistar rats

Toxicology Reports, 2015

Despite the acclaimed phytotherapeutic attributes of Stigma maydis in folkloric medicine, there i... more Despite the acclaimed phytotherapeutic attributes of Stigma maydis in folkloric medicine, there is paucity of information on its toxicity profile on hematological and lipid parameters. The toxicological effect of aqueous extract of corn silk at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight on hematological indices in Wistar rats were evaluated progressively at 24 h after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Lipid parameters were also analyzed at the end of the experimental period. We observed that the extract did not exhibit any significant (p > 0.05) effect on red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean platelet volume at all the tested doses. The study however showed a significant increase in the serum levels of white blood cell, platelet, lymphocytes, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; as well as feeding pattern in the animals, while the concentrations of total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and artherogenic index value were significantly lowered. These findings are suggestive of non-hematotoxic potential of the extract. Overall, the effect exhibited by corn silk extract in this study proved that, it is unlikely to be hematotoxic and could be a good candidature in the management of coronary heart diseases if consumed at the doses investigated.

Research paper thumbnail of Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats: Protective roles of Spondias mombin a nd Ficus exasperata

Toxicology Reports, 2015

This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects o... more This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by a single oral administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with esomeprazole (reference drug) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, S. mombin or F. exasperata at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight once daily for 21 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions and antioxidant parameters were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased (p < 0.05) ulcer index, gastric volume, malondialdehyde level and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with S. mombin and F. exasperata. The extracts also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. These findings are indicative of gastroprotective and antioxidative potentials of the extracts which is also evident in the degree of % inhibition against ulceration. The available data in this study suggest that the extracts of S. mombin and F. exasperata proved to be capable of ameliorating indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration and the probable mechanisms are via antioxidative and proton pump inhibition.