Sushil Vachani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sushil Vachani
Vikalpa, 1989
... Even though a complete product or process may not be available from other subsidiaries of the... more ... Even though a complete product or process may not be available from other subsidiaries of the multinational, a ... When Hindustan Lever developed detergent cake in India in the 60s, it drew on some uncompleted research that had been done at Unilever subsidiaries in South ...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00224545 1977 9713253, Jul 1, 2010
Business, Society and Politics, 2012
Business Education and Emerging Market Economies, 2005
Experiential exercises are one of the most effective tools for advancing student learning in mana... more Experiential exercises are one of the most effective tools for advancing student learning in management and organization. The challenges associated with understanding the complexities of international business (IB) environments, negotiating market entry ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in Asia, 2014
Global Challenges in Responsible Business, 2009
While management scholars and development economists have provided a compelling case for greater ... more While management scholars and development economists have provided a compelling case for greater attention to the bottom of the pyramid, few contributions have examined specific strategies for reaching the bottom of the pyramid. The majority comprising the bottom of the pyramid resides in hundreds of thousands of villages located beyond most multinationals' distribution networks. Its access to essential goods is limited not just by high prices, but also by inadequate rural distribution. We use the term socially responsible distribution (SRD) to describe initiatives that provide poor producers and consumers with market access for goods and services that they can benefit from buying or selling by helping neutralize the disadvantages they suffer from inadequate physical links to markets, information asymmetries, and weak bargaining power. This paper examines five SRD case studies of MNCs, government and NGO initiatives. It identifies the role they play in promoting SRD, the different kinds of intervention strategies they use, and the payoffs for multinationals and people at the bottom of the pyramid. The paper examines the obstacles to higher earning potential and access to cheaper consumer goods for poor consumers, identifying direct (e.g., infrastructure shortcomings) and moderating factors (e.g., illiteracy), and the strategies of organizations from the three sectors in addressing these obstacles using broad and targeted interventions. These strategies include bridging the infrastructure gap, use of empowering information, leveraging technology, and cross-sectoral collaboration as well as differentiated distribution and leveraged-bidirectional and leveraged-shared distribution.
Long Range Planning, 1992
The Journal of Social Psychology, 1977
Journal of International Business Studies, 2004
The emergence of organized civil society and of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as organizat... more The emergence of organized civil society and of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as organizational manifestations of broader social movements has dramatically altered the global political-economic landscape. The increasing global reach of NGOs challenges established international business (IB) research, and highlights opportunities for broadening and adapting extant paradigms in the field. In this article, we introduce the concept of NGOs and contrast them with their private-sector (firm) and public-sector (government) counterparts within the context of IB. We discuss factors giving rise to NGOs as important organizational entities that participate in global value creation and governance, and identify limits to their efficacy and viability. We identify important questions raised by incorporating NGOs into our conceptualization of global context, and we challenge three basic tenets of IB theory: the definition and dynamics of an institutional field, the relevance/centrality of a firm-government (i.e., two-sector) bargaining model, and the pre-eminence of the firm as the global organization of interest within the field. We conclude by offering suggested research directions that should serve as catalysts for this new and potentially rich area of future IB research.
International Business Review, 2009
... Neither is it easy for MNEs to discard previous governance arrangements in favor of new ones ... more ... Neither is it easy for MNEs to discard previous governance arrangements in favor of new ones that are more appropriate in the changed circumstances since governance inseparability makes governance switching and differentiation problematic (Argyres & Liebeskind, 1999). ...
European J. of International Management, 2008
with 16 senior human resources executives and general managers from a dozen companies that are so... more with 16 senior human resources executives and general managers from a dozen companies that are sourcing talent in India. Ten of the interviewed companies are headquartered in the U.S., one in Europe, and one in India. Almost half of the interviews were conducted in India.
California Management Review, 2004
ABSTRACT Corporate social responsibility has major implications for pricing decisions in some mar... more ABSTRACT Corporate social responsibility has major implications for pricing decisions in some markets. An extreme case is the pricing of life-saving drugs in developing countries; industry critics have pointed to price as an obstacle to treatment and a factor in the deaths of millions of AIDS victims. This article examines socially responsible pricing in the form of differential pricing across markets, taking into account ability to pay and social welfare. An analysis of AIDS drug pricing between 1999 and 2003 suggests that, in fact, the high prices of AIDS drugs in developing countries sub-optimized contribution earnings in those markets. In the 1990s, multinationals could have earned greater contribution in developing countries by reducing prices, while also saving thousands of lives. However, that could have jeopardized earnings in developed countries, and this, together with other factors, created barriers to socially responsible pricing. Neither multinationals nor developing-country governments can alone create conditions for socially responsible pricing to prevail. This article identifies the role of different players in addressing barriers to socially responsible pricing, including multinationals, governments, non-governmental organizations, and multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization. This article also offers lessons for managers in industries with characteristics similar to the drug industry, where socially responsible pricing also may be needed, if not demanded.
California Management Review, 2008
While management scholars and development economists have provided a compelling case for greater ... more While management scholars and development economists have provided a compelling case for greater attention to the bottom of the pyramid, few contributions have examined specific strategies for reaching the bottom of the pyramid. The majority comprising the bottom of the pyramid resides in hundreds of thousands of villages located beyond most multinationals' distribution networks. Its access to essential goods is limited not just by high prices, but also by inadequate rural distribution, which also restricts the poor in distributing its produce. We use the term socially responsible distribution to describe initiatives that provide poor producers and consumers with market access for goods and services that they can benefit from buying or selling, by helping neutralize the disadvantages they suffer from inadequate physical links to markets, information asymmetries, and weak bargaining power. This paper examines three socially responsible distribution case studies of multinational company, government and NGO initiatives. It identifies how socially responsible distribution can be achieved by strategies that take cost out, reinvent the distribution channel or take a long-term perspective that invests for the future. It summarizes procedures and precautions for setting up distribution into the rural bottom of the pyramid, and the payoffs from socially responsible distribution strategies.
An emerging "bonding hypothesis" holds that a firm's geographic domicile may not de... more An emerging "bonding hypothesis" holds that a firm's geographic domicile may not determine its corporate governance destiny. Firms from countries with weaker corporate governance regimes can internationalize their legal (but not necessarily operational) presence by cross-listing their securities on overseas financial markets. They can "bond" with legal systems and enforcement policies in foreign corporate governance regimes providing stronger investor protection.
Vikalpa, 1989
... Even though a complete product or process may not be available from other subsidiaries of the... more ... Even though a complete product or process may not be available from other subsidiaries of the multinational, a ... When Hindustan Lever developed detergent cake in India in the 60s, it drew on some uncompleted research that had been done at Unilever subsidiaries in South ...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00224545 1977 9713253, Jul 1, 2010
Business, Society and Politics, 2012
Business Education and Emerging Market Economies, 2005
Experiential exercises are one of the most effective tools for advancing student learning in mana... more Experiential exercises are one of the most effective tools for advancing student learning in management and organization. The challenges associated with understanding the complexities of international business (IB) environments, negotiating market entry ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in Asia, 2014
Global Challenges in Responsible Business, 2009
While management scholars and development economists have provided a compelling case for greater ... more While management scholars and development economists have provided a compelling case for greater attention to the bottom of the pyramid, few contributions have examined specific strategies for reaching the bottom of the pyramid. The majority comprising the bottom of the pyramid resides in hundreds of thousands of villages located beyond most multinationals' distribution networks. Its access to essential goods is limited not just by high prices, but also by inadequate rural distribution. We use the term socially responsible distribution (SRD) to describe initiatives that provide poor producers and consumers with market access for goods and services that they can benefit from buying or selling by helping neutralize the disadvantages they suffer from inadequate physical links to markets, information asymmetries, and weak bargaining power. This paper examines five SRD case studies of MNCs, government and NGO initiatives. It identifies the role they play in promoting SRD, the different kinds of intervention strategies they use, and the payoffs for multinationals and people at the bottom of the pyramid. The paper examines the obstacles to higher earning potential and access to cheaper consumer goods for poor consumers, identifying direct (e.g., infrastructure shortcomings) and moderating factors (e.g., illiteracy), and the strategies of organizations from the three sectors in addressing these obstacles using broad and targeted interventions. These strategies include bridging the infrastructure gap, use of empowering information, leveraging technology, and cross-sectoral collaboration as well as differentiated distribution and leveraged-bidirectional and leveraged-shared distribution.
Long Range Planning, 1992
The Journal of Social Psychology, 1977
Journal of International Business Studies, 2004
The emergence of organized civil society and of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as organizat... more The emergence of organized civil society and of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as organizational manifestations of broader social movements has dramatically altered the global political-economic landscape. The increasing global reach of NGOs challenges established international business (IB) research, and highlights opportunities for broadening and adapting extant paradigms in the field. In this article, we introduce the concept of NGOs and contrast them with their private-sector (firm) and public-sector (government) counterparts within the context of IB. We discuss factors giving rise to NGOs as important organizational entities that participate in global value creation and governance, and identify limits to their efficacy and viability. We identify important questions raised by incorporating NGOs into our conceptualization of global context, and we challenge three basic tenets of IB theory: the definition and dynamics of an institutional field, the relevance/centrality of a firm-government (i.e., two-sector) bargaining model, and the pre-eminence of the firm as the global organization of interest within the field. We conclude by offering suggested research directions that should serve as catalysts for this new and potentially rich area of future IB research.
International Business Review, 2009
... Neither is it easy for MNEs to discard previous governance arrangements in favor of new ones ... more ... Neither is it easy for MNEs to discard previous governance arrangements in favor of new ones that are more appropriate in the changed circumstances since governance inseparability makes governance switching and differentiation problematic (Argyres & Liebeskind, 1999). ...
European J. of International Management, 2008
with 16 senior human resources executives and general managers from a dozen companies that are so... more with 16 senior human resources executives and general managers from a dozen companies that are sourcing talent in India. Ten of the interviewed companies are headquartered in the U.S., one in Europe, and one in India. Almost half of the interviews were conducted in India.
California Management Review, 2004
ABSTRACT Corporate social responsibility has major implications for pricing decisions in some mar... more ABSTRACT Corporate social responsibility has major implications for pricing decisions in some markets. An extreme case is the pricing of life-saving drugs in developing countries; industry critics have pointed to price as an obstacle to treatment and a factor in the deaths of millions of AIDS victims. This article examines socially responsible pricing in the form of differential pricing across markets, taking into account ability to pay and social welfare. An analysis of AIDS drug pricing between 1999 and 2003 suggests that, in fact, the high prices of AIDS drugs in developing countries sub-optimized contribution earnings in those markets. In the 1990s, multinationals could have earned greater contribution in developing countries by reducing prices, while also saving thousands of lives. However, that could have jeopardized earnings in developed countries, and this, together with other factors, created barriers to socially responsible pricing. Neither multinationals nor developing-country governments can alone create conditions for socially responsible pricing to prevail. This article identifies the role of different players in addressing barriers to socially responsible pricing, including multinationals, governments, non-governmental organizations, and multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization. This article also offers lessons for managers in industries with characteristics similar to the drug industry, where socially responsible pricing also may be needed, if not demanded.
California Management Review, 2008
While management scholars and development economists have provided a compelling case for greater ... more While management scholars and development economists have provided a compelling case for greater attention to the bottom of the pyramid, few contributions have examined specific strategies for reaching the bottom of the pyramid. The majority comprising the bottom of the pyramid resides in hundreds of thousands of villages located beyond most multinationals' distribution networks. Its access to essential goods is limited not just by high prices, but also by inadequate rural distribution, which also restricts the poor in distributing its produce. We use the term socially responsible distribution to describe initiatives that provide poor producers and consumers with market access for goods and services that they can benefit from buying or selling, by helping neutralize the disadvantages they suffer from inadequate physical links to markets, information asymmetries, and weak bargaining power. This paper examines three socially responsible distribution case studies of multinational company, government and NGO initiatives. It identifies how socially responsible distribution can be achieved by strategies that take cost out, reinvent the distribution channel or take a long-term perspective that invests for the future. It summarizes procedures and precautions for setting up distribution into the rural bottom of the pyramid, and the payoffs from socially responsible distribution strategies.
An emerging "bonding hypothesis" holds that a firm's geographic domicile may not de... more An emerging "bonding hypothesis" holds that a firm's geographic domicile may not determine its corporate governance destiny. Firms from countries with weaker corporate governance regimes can internationalize their legal (but not necessarily operational) presence by cross-listing their securities on overseas financial markets. They can "bond" with legal systems and enforcement policies in foreign corporate governance regimes providing stronger investor protection.