Tomasz R . Wolinski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tomasz R . Wolinski

Acta Physica Polonica A, 1999

An original idea of external parameters (electric field, temperature, pressure etc.) monitoring i... more An original idea of external parameters (electric field, temperature, pressure etc.) monitoring is presented. After the theoretical analysis of the light modulation in a liquid crystal and elliptical-core anisotropic fiber the latest experimental results are reported. Due to measurands-induced changes in birefringence and propagation conditions the liquid crystal and elliptical-core fiber uniting unique advantages of liquid crystals and quality of fiber technology acts as a sensing medium and can be used for continuous monitoring of different external parameters.

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2016

By using a quantum kinetic equation for electrons interacting with an optical phonon, an analytic... more By using a quantum kinetic equation for electrons interacting with an optical phonon, an analytic expression is obtained for the Ettingshausen coefficient (EC) in quantum wells with parabolic potential (QWPP) under the influence of laser radiation. The dependence of EC on frequency, amplitude of laser radiation, quantum wells parameters and temperature gradient is studied. The theoretical results are numerically calculated, plotted and discussed for GaAs/GaAsAl quantum well. Especially, when we study the dependence of EC on temperature, we realize that the EC in QWPP is 10 2 times bigger than that in bulk semiconductors.

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2010

We present here a brief history and an editorial review of fiber optics and photonics including i... more We present here a brief history and an editorial review of fiber optics and photonics including in particular European and Polish heritage. Charles K. Kao, the "Master of light" received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication". Kao worked in 1966 in Europe, at the Standard Telecomm Laboratories (UK), where he proposed that low-attenuation light propagation in optical fibers should, in principle, be possible, although his first demonstration showed rather high attenuation. He is viewed as one of the fathers of today's high-speed internet transmission. The problem to solve was to manufacture glass fibers without impurities. Kao had pointed to the right inorganic material, namely fused silica [1]. Since 1966, an intense worldwide search with the aim of producing glass fibers with low losses began. Low loss fibers were drawn in 1970 at the Corning Glass Company and by 1979 the losses were reduced to 0.2dB/km. It should be noted that one of the first 4 fiber lines worldwide was installed in Lublin, Poland, in 1978 and was based on multimode fibers manufactured by a chemists group led by Andrzej Waksmundzki and Jan Wójcik of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (MCSU) in Lublin. The group obtained in 1988 the Polish State Award for "outstanding achievements in optical fiber technology". The advantages of optical fibers had been recognized even earlier in Poland and a conference on optical fibers and their applications was organized in 1976 in Jablonna [2]. Nowadays, several terabits per second can be transmitted in a single fiber. The number of optical fiber cables being installed all over the world is increasing rapidly. Since the early 1990s, the interest in polarization mode dispersion (PMD) has been constantly increasing. The main reason is that PMD broadens up the pulse of light in the fiber line as a result of residual linear birefringence that is present in a telecommunications fiber and therefore limits the bit rate transmitted in a fiber. Single-mode optical fiber used in telecommunications and its components can support one fundamental mode, which

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2010

The work presents a new type of orientation and method of liquid crystal alignment control inside... more The work presents a new type of orientation and method of liquid crystal alignment control inside a capillary. This method is a totally new approach which uses thermal activation to create an orienting polymer layer on the inner surface of a capillary. By using the polyamic acids SE-1211 that induce vertical anchoring, we obtained a splay orientation of the 6CHBT nematic liquid crystal in the capillary.

Optical Sensors 2015, 2015

In order to measure strain independently from temperature, hybrid solution based on a polarimetri... more In order to measure strain independently from temperature, hybrid solution based on a polarimetric and chirped Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors is proposed. The sensor is designed in a reflective configuration, where the chirped FBG is written on a highly birefringent (HB) fiber. The FBG act as a sensing element and also as a mirror for the polarimetric sensor. Information from both polarimetric and FBG part of the sensor can be determined independently from spectral analysis of the reflected light. Strain and temperature sensitivity of the proposed sensor solution is measured. Relation between both sensitivities are different for the FBG and the polarimetric sensor. Taking advantage of this, both temperature and strain can be determined by using only one sensing fiber.

SPIE Proceedings, 2008

In this paper, we present a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with a unique liquid crystal (LC) cl... more In this paper, we present a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with a unique liquid crystal (LC) cladding. The experimental study is focused on achieving external tuning by applying electric fields to influence the spectral properties of LPFGs using LCs for potential applications in photonic sensing and in communications. The LPFGs are fabricated in two types of fibers: single-mode (SM) fiber and photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Their sensitivities when surrounded by nematic LCs mixtures are compared. In addition, the influence of an external electric field on the spectral properties of LPFGs with an "active" LC medium is investigated. We demonstrate a spectral shift, under an external electric field, in the transmission spectrum of the LPFG based on SM fiber with 1294-1b LC mixture serving as the surrounding medium.

SPIE Proceedings, 2011

The main goal of the presented work is to integrate a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) and liquid... more The main goal of the presented work is to integrate a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) and liquid crystal (LC) material into a hybrid structure, called an LC-LPFG, in order to develop innovative devices for sensing physical quantities. For this purpose we used specially designed low-birefringence LC mixtures whose ordinary refractive index is lower than that of silica in a certain

21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, 2011

ABSTRACT Similarly to liquid crystal displays technology in photonic liquid crystal fibers (PLCFs... more ABSTRACT Similarly to liquid crystal displays technology in photonic liquid crystal fibers (PLCFs) a molecular orientation control is a crucial issue that influences proper operation of PLCF-based devices. The paper presents two distinct configurations: planar and radial escaped orientation of the LC molecules inside capillaries as well as methods of their application to photonic liquid crystal fibers. Possibilities of LC orientation control influence both: attenuation and transmitting spectra of the PLCF The orienting method is based on creation of an additional orienting layer on the inner surface of the capillary or air hole of the photonic liquid crystal fiber. Aligning materials used in the experiment are commercially available polyimides SE1211 and SE130 which induce liquid crystal homeotropic and planar anchoring conditions. The orienting layer increase an order parameter of the liquid crystal improving propagation properties and stability of photonic liquid crystal fiber-based devices.

Optical Micro- and Nanometrology in Microsystems Technology, 2006

In the paper we present method for three-dimensional measurement of birefringence distribution in... more In the paper we present method for three-dimensional measurement of birefringence distribution in anisotropic objects. The tool, which we used is combination of classic polariscopy with tomographic reconstruction method. Tomographic reconstruction is performed using the filtered backpojection algorithm. The results of measurement of glass capillary infilled with licquid crystal are presented together with the results of numerical simulation of measurement process. Simulations include polarized light propagation performed by means of finite difference time domain method combined with Jones calculus. The numerical simulations are performed for various birefringence values and allow for determination of relative errors of birefringence distribution. Additionally the absolute refractive indices are determined experimentally through the measurement of capillary with polarization sensitive microinterferometric tomography.

21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, 2011

Fiber-optic sensors based on highly birefringent (HB) polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers repres... more Fiber-optic sensors based on highly birefringent (HB) polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers represent a promising generation of sensing devices also known as polarimetric fiber sensors. They utilize polarization (phase) modulation within fibers to sense external perturbations [1]. HB polarimetric sensors can be made temperature insensitive but to measure strain they require means for setting a zero strain reference. Composite structures are made

Optical Sensing for Public Safety, Health, and Security, 2001

ABSTRACT This paper presents results of tests performed on a fiber optic system of liquid crystal... more ABSTRACT This paper presents results of tests performed on a fiber optic system of liquid crystalline transducer for hydrostatic pressure monitoring based on properties of colorimetry. The system employs pressure-induced deformations occurring in liquid crystalline (LC) cells configured in a homogeneous Frederiks geometry. The sensor is compared of a round LC cell placed inside a specially designed pressure chamber. As a light source we used a typical diode operating at red wavelength and modulated using standard techniques. The pressure transducer was connected to a computer with a specially designed interface built on the bas of advanced ADAM modules. Results indicate that the system offers high response to pressure with reduced temperature sensitivity and, depending on the LC cell used, can be adjusted for monitoring of low hydrostatic pressures up to 6 MPa. These studies have demonstrated the feasibility of fiber optic liquid crystal colorimeter for hydrostatic pressure sensing specially dedicated to pipe- lines, mining instrumentation, and process-control technologies.

SPIE Proceedings, 2008

A novel in-line photonic crystal fiber interferometer, in the Sagnac configuration consisted of a... more A novel in-line photonic crystal fiber interferometer, in the Sagnac configuration consisted of a fused photonic coupler and a liquid crystal transducer is proposed and demonstrated for the first time to our best knowledge. System optimization for 532 nm wavelength is based on properties of the liquid crystal mixture, infiltrating air-holes of the photonic crystal fiber protecting its endlessly single

SPIE Proceedings, 2005

ABSTRACT Microstructured optical fibers have ability to change their optical properties through i... more ABSTRACT Microstructured optical fibers have ability to change their optical properties through inserting different materials into their holes. Filling the microstructured fibers with liquid crystals opens up a possibility of dynamic switching between different guiding mechanisms. In this paper we present the influence of electrical field on propagation properties of microstructured photonic crystal fibers filled with either low or highly birefringent nematic liquid crystals. Depending on the liquid crystal material introduced into the micro holes different propagation mechanism controlled by external electric field have been observed. This creates great potential in fiber optic sensing and optical processing application.

SPIE Proceedings, 2008

In this work we present experimental results of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on polariza... more In this work we present experimental results of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on polarization and propagation properties of the photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with liquid crystals. Two ranges of Photonic Band Gaps (PBGs) were observed and hydrostatic pressure was found to narrow the PBGs and also to introduce changes in the state of polarization The results obtained suggest great

In the letter we present preliminary results of research on thermal and electrical tunability of ... more In the letter we present preliminary results of research on thermal and electrical tunability of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) infiltrated with ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) molecules. From this combination we expect new spectral properties to be observed, mainly due to the fast switching time of FLC molecules that can lead to the design of a new kind of optical filters. We have also obtained promising results about the spectral properties of photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers (PFLCF), as well as orientation of FLC molecules inside PCF microholes.

Liquid Crystals: Optics and Applications, 2005

ABSTRACT The paper presents our latest experimental results on influence of temperature on the pr... more ABSTRACT The paper presents our latest experimental results on influence of temperature on the propagation properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers. We used solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled either with a low-birefringence prototype 1550 liquid crystal mixture or with PCB. It appeared that direction of temperature tuning in PLCFs is strongly dependent on thermal characteristics of both refractive indices.

Central European Journal of Physics, 2008

We have investigated the nonlinear propagation of light in photonic crystal fibers filled with ne... more We have investigated the nonlinear propagation of light in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals. We analyzed a configuration with a periodic modulation of the refractive index corresponding to a matrix of waveguides. Matrices of coupled waveguides allow observing a variety of new phenomena both for low power light beam propagation and with an existence of nonlinear effects. The opportunity for the creation of solitary waves caused by the interplay between diffraction and nonlinear effects in these kinds of fibers is investigated. At low power the propagating light beam spreads as it couples to more and more waveguides. When the intensity is increased the light modifies the refractive index distribution, inducing a defect in the periodic structure. The creation of such a defect can lead to a situation in which the light becomes self-localized and its diffractive broadening is eliminated. Eventually, in the case of positive Kerr-type nonlinearity, a discrete sol...

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2013

SPIE Proceedings, 2006

The paper analyzes polarization properties and presents the latest experimental results on polari... more The paper analyzes polarization properties and presents the latest experimental results on polarization phenomena occurring in microstructrured photonic liquid crystal fibers (PLCFs) in which only selected micro holes or holes areas were filled with prototype nematic liquid crystal guest materials that are characterized by either extremely low (of the order ~ 0.05) or relatively high (of the order ~ 0.3)

SPIE Proceedings, 2005

ABSTRACT Spectral and polarization properties of microstructured photonic crystal fibers filled w... more ABSTRACT Spectral and polarization properties of microstructured photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals characterized by either extremely low (of the order ~ 0.05) or higher (of the order ~ 0.3) material birefringence have been investigated. The photonic crystal fiber used as a host material was manufactured in Lublin, Poland and the nematic liquid crystals were introduced into the micro holes of the photonic crystal fiber by the capillary effect. Due to anisotropic properties of the obtained microstructured photonic liquid-crystal fiber, switching between different guiding mechanisms as well as novel spectral and polarization phenomena have been observed.

Acta Physica Polonica A, 1999

An original idea of external parameters (electric field, temperature, pressure etc.) monitoring i... more An original idea of external parameters (electric field, temperature, pressure etc.) monitoring is presented. After the theoretical analysis of the light modulation in a liquid crystal and elliptical-core anisotropic fiber the latest experimental results are reported. Due to measurands-induced changes in birefringence and propagation conditions the liquid crystal and elliptical-core fiber uniting unique advantages of liquid crystals and quality of fiber technology acts as a sensing medium and can be used for continuous monitoring of different external parameters.

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2016

By using a quantum kinetic equation for electrons interacting with an optical phonon, an analytic... more By using a quantum kinetic equation for electrons interacting with an optical phonon, an analytic expression is obtained for the Ettingshausen coefficient (EC) in quantum wells with parabolic potential (QWPP) under the influence of laser radiation. The dependence of EC on frequency, amplitude of laser radiation, quantum wells parameters and temperature gradient is studied. The theoretical results are numerically calculated, plotted and discussed for GaAs/GaAsAl quantum well. Especially, when we study the dependence of EC on temperature, we realize that the EC in QWPP is 10 2 times bigger than that in bulk semiconductors.

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2010

We present here a brief history and an editorial review of fiber optics and photonics including i... more We present here a brief history and an editorial review of fiber optics and photonics including in particular European and Polish heritage. Charles K. Kao, the "Master of light" received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication". Kao worked in 1966 in Europe, at the Standard Telecomm Laboratories (UK), where he proposed that low-attenuation light propagation in optical fibers should, in principle, be possible, although his first demonstration showed rather high attenuation. He is viewed as one of the fathers of today's high-speed internet transmission. The problem to solve was to manufacture glass fibers without impurities. Kao had pointed to the right inorganic material, namely fused silica [1]. Since 1966, an intense worldwide search with the aim of producing glass fibers with low losses began. Low loss fibers were drawn in 1970 at the Corning Glass Company and by 1979 the losses were reduced to 0.2dB/km. It should be noted that one of the first 4 fiber lines worldwide was installed in Lublin, Poland, in 1978 and was based on multimode fibers manufactured by a chemists group led by Andrzej Waksmundzki and Jan Wójcik of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (MCSU) in Lublin. The group obtained in 1988 the Polish State Award for "outstanding achievements in optical fiber technology". The advantages of optical fibers had been recognized even earlier in Poland and a conference on optical fibers and their applications was organized in 1976 in Jablonna [2]. Nowadays, several terabits per second can be transmitted in a single fiber. The number of optical fiber cables being installed all over the world is increasing rapidly. Since the early 1990s, the interest in polarization mode dispersion (PMD) has been constantly increasing. The main reason is that PMD broadens up the pulse of light in the fiber line as a result of residual linear birefringence that is present in a telecommunications fiber and therefore limits the bit rate transmitted in a fiber. Single-mode optical fiber used in telecommunications and its components can support one fundamental mode, which

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2010

The work presents a new type of orientation and method of liquid crystal alignment control inside... more The work presents a new type of orientation and method of liquid crystal alignment control inside a capillary. This method is a totally new approach which uses thermal activation to create an orienting polymer layer on the inner surface of a capillary. By using the polyamic acids SE-1211 that induce vertical anchoring, we obtained a splay orientation of the 6CHBT nematic liquid crystal in the capillary.

Optical Sensors 2015, 2015

In order to measure strain independently from temperature, hybrid solution based on a polarimetri... more In order to measure strain independently from temperature, hybrid solution based on a polarimetric and chirped Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors is proposed. The sensor is designed in a reflective configuration, where the chirped FBG is written on a highly birefringent (HB) fiber. The FBG act as a sensing element and also as a mirror for the polarimetric sensor. Information from both polarimetric and FBG part of the sensor can be determined independently from spectral analysis of the reflected light. Strain and temperature sensitivity of the proposed sensor solution is measured. Relation between both sensitivities are different for the FBG and the polarimetric sensor. Taking advantage of this, both temperature and strain can be determined by using only one sensing fiber.

SPIE Proceedings, 2008

In this paper, we present a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with a unique liquid crystal (LC) cl... more In this paper, we present a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with a unique liquid crystal (LC) cladding. The experimental study is focused on achieving external tuning by applying electric fields to influence the spectral properties of LPFGs using LCs for potential applications in photonic sensing and in communications. The LPFGs are fabricated in two types of fibers: single-mode (SM) fiber and photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Their sensitivities when surrounded by nematic LCs mixtures are compared. In addition, the influence of an external electric field on the spectral properties of LPFGs with an "active" LC medium is investigated. We demonstrate a spectral shift, under an external electric field, in the transmission spectrum of the LPFG based on SM fiber with 1294-1b LC mixture serving as the surrounding medium.

SPIE Proceedings, 2011

The main goal of the presented work is to integrate a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) and liquid... more The main goal of the presented work is to integrate a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) and liquid crystal (LC) material into a hybrid structure, called an LC-LPFG, in order to develop innovative devices for sensing physical quantities. For this purpose we used specially designed low-birefringence LC mixtures whose ordinary refractive index is lower than that of silica in a certain

21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, 2011

ABSTRACT Similarly to liquid crystal displays technology in photonic liquid crystal fibers (PLCFs... more ABSTRACT Similarly to liquid crystal displays technology in photonic liquid crystal fibers (PLCFs) a molecular orientation control is a crucial issue that influences proper operation of PLCF-based devices. The paper presents two distinct configurations: planar and radial escaped orientation of the LC molecules inside capillaries as well as methods of their application to photonic liquid crystal fibers. Possibilities of LC orientation control influence both: attenuation and transmitting spectra of the PLCF The orienting method is based on creation of an additional orienting layer on the inner surface of the capillary or air hole of the photonic liquid crystal fiber. Aligning materials used in the experiment are commercially available polyimides SE1211 and SE130 which induce liquid crystal homeotropic and planar anchoring conditions. The orienting layer increase an order parameter of the liquid crystal improving propagation properties and stability of photonic liquid crystal fiber-based devices.

Optical Micro- and Nanometrology in Microsystems Technology, 2006

In the paper we present method for three-dimensional measurement of birefringence distribution in... more In the paper we present method for three-dimensional measurement of birefringence distribution in anisotropic objects. The tool, which we used is combination of classic polariscopy with tomographic reconstruction method. Tomographic reconstruction is performed using the filtered backpojection algorithm. The results of measurement of glass capillary infilled with licquid crystal are presented together with the results of numerical simulation of measurement process. Simulations include polarized light propagation performed by means of finite difference time domain method combined with Jones calculus. The numerical simulations are performed for various birefringence values and allow for determination of relative errors of birefringence distribution. Additionally the absolute refractive indices are determined experimentally through the measurement of capillary with polarization sensitive microinterferometric tomography.

21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, 2011

Fiber-optic sensors based on highly birefringent (HB) polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers repres... more Fiber-optic sensors based on highly birefringent (HB) polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers represent a promising generation of sensing devices also known as polarimetric fiber sensors. They utilize polarization (phase) modulation within fibers to sense external perturbations [1]. HB polarimetric sensors can be made temperature insensitive but to measure strain they require means for setting a zero strain reference. Composite structures are made

Optical Sensing for Public Safety, Health, and Security, 2001

ABSTRACT This paper presents results of tests performed on a fiber optic system of liquid crystal... more ABSTRACT This paper presents results of tests performed on a fiber optic system of liquid crystalline transducer for hydrostatic pressure monitoring based on properties of colorimetry. The system employs pressure-induced deformations occurring in liquid crystalline (LC) cells configured in a homogeneous Frederiks geometry. The sensor is compared of a round LC cell placed inside a specially designed pressure chamber. As a light source we used a typical diode operating at red wavelength and modulated using standard techniques. The pressure transducer was connected to a computer with a specially designed interface built on the bas of advanced ADAM modules. Results indicate that the system offers high response to pressure with reduced temperature sensitivity and, depending on the LC cell used, can be adjusted for monitoring of low hydrostatic pressures up to 6 MPa. These studies have demonstrated the feasibility of fiber optic liquid crystal colorimeter for hydrostatic pressure sensing specially dedicated to pipe- lines, mining instrumentation, and process-control technologies.

SPIE Proceedings, 2008

A novel in-line photonic crystal fiber interferometer, in the Sagnac configuration consisted of a... more A novel in-line photonic crystal fiber interferometer, in the Sagnac configuration consisted of a fused photonic coupler and a liquid crystal transducer is proposed and demonstrated for the first time to our best knowledge. System optimization for 532 nm wavelength is based on properties of the liquid crystal mixture, infiltrating air-holes of the photonic crystal fiber protecting its endlessly single

SPIE Proceedings, 2005

ABSTRACT Microstructured optical fibers have ability to change their optical properties through i... more ABSTRACT Microstructured optical fibers have ability to change their optical properties through inserting different materials into their holes. Filling the microstructured fibers with liquid crystals opens up a possibility of dynamic switching between different guiding mechanisms. In this paper we present the influence of electrical field on propagation properties of microstructured photonic crystal fibers filled with either low or highly birefringent nematic liquid crystals. Depending on the liquid crystal material introduced into the micro holes different propagation mechanism controlled by external electric field have been observed. This creates great potential in fiber optic sensing and optical processing application.

SPIE Proceedings, 2008

In this work we present experimental results of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on polariza... more In this work we present experimental results of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on polarization and propagation properties of the photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with liquid crystals. Two ranges of Photonic Band Gaps (PBGs) were observed and hydrostatic pressure was found to narrow the PBGs and also to introduce changes in the state of polarization The results obtained suggest great

In the letter we present preliminary results of research on thermal and electrical tunability of ... more In the letter we present preliminary results of research on thermal and electrical tunability of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) infiltrated with ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) molecules. From this combination we expect new spectral properties to be observed, mainly due to the fast switching time of FLC molecules that can lead to the design of a new kind of optical filters. We have also obtained promising results about the spectral properties of photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers (PFLCF), as well as orientation of FLC molecules inside PCF microholes.

Liquid Crystals: Optics and Applications, 2005

ABSTRACT The paper presents our latest experimental results on influence of temperature on the pr... more ABSTRACT The paper presents our latest experimental results on influence of temperature on the propagation properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers. We used solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled either with a low-birefringence prototype 1550 liquid crystal mixture or with PCB. It appeared that direction of temperature tuning in PLCFs is strongly dependent on thermal characteristics of both refractive indices.

Central European Journal of Physics, 2008

We have investigated the nonlinear propagation of light in photonic crystal fibers filled with ne... more We have investigated the nonlinear propagation of light in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals. We analyzed a configuration with a periodic modulation of the refractive index corresponding to a matrix of waveguides. Matrices of coupled waveguides allow observing a variety of new phenomena both for low power light beam propagation and with an existence of nonlinear effects. The opportunity for the creation of solitary waves caused by the interplay between diffraction and nonlinear effects in these kinds of fibers is investigated. At low power the propagating light beam spreads as it couples to more and more waveguides. When the intensity is increased the light modifies the refractive index distribution, inducing a defect in the periodic structure. The creation of such a defect can lead to a situation in which the light becomes self-localized and its diffractive broadening is eliminated. Eventually, in the case of positive Kerr-type nonlinearity, a discrete sol...

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2013

SPIE Proceedings, 2006

The paper analyzes polarization properties and presents the latest experimental results on polari... more The paper analyzes polarization properties and presents the latest experimental results on polarization phenomena occurring in microstructrured photonic liquid crystal fibers (PLCFs) in which only selected micro holes or holes areas were filled with prototype nematic liquid crystal guest materials that are characterized by either extremely low (of the order ~ 0.05) or relatively high (of the order ~ 0.3)

SPIE Proceedings, 2005

ABSTRACT Spectral and polarization properties of microstructured photonic crystal fibers filled w... more ABSTRACT Spectral and polarization properties of microstructured photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals characterized by either extremely low (of the order ~ 0.05) or higher (of the order ~ 0.3) material birefringence have been investigated. The photonic crystal fiber used as a host material was manufactured in Lublin, Poland and the nematic liquid crystals were introduced into the micro holes of the photonic crystal fiber by the capillary effect. Due to anisotropic properties of the obtained microstructured photonic liquid-crystal fiber, switching between different guiding mechanisms as well as novel spectral and polarization phenomena have been observed.