Takao Nakaguchi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Takao Nakaguchi
Journal of Information Processing
Using existing resources to create teaching materials can save effort and achieve the desired qua... more Using existing resources to create teaching materials can save effort and achieve the desired quality easily. Yet while some resources can be used freely for educational purposes, others such as textbooks or online course materials cannot. This is a particular problem during a pandemic when much teaching has gone online and the risk of teachers violating copyright is even higher. Therefore, a solution that facilitates the usage of copyright-restricted resources for generating teaching materials with royalty sharing is needed. Our work exploits the advantage of blockchain technology and proposes a system to bond participants with a smart contract; it securely registers records of multiple authorships and contribution distribution of a teaching material that reuses in part, existing resources. Such records can be used as authorship evidence to claim economic benefits when a material is used. We implement TMchain on Ethereum-Remix IDE with a core smart contract. To lower the cost of using blockchain, the material files are stored off-chain and tied to the word processing system for the final authorship and contribution share determination when a material is completed. Furthermore, we test TMchain with teaching material creation scenarios to demonstrate its effective and practical potential.
IEICE Technical Report; IEICE Tech. Rep., Aug 14, 2020
The so-called "Japanese software puzzle" is revisited by analyzing various factors that... more The so-called "Japanese software puzzle" is revisited by analyzing various factors that affect the state of software development in Japan. International cross-comparisons explain how and why countries like the United States and Japan differ from the perspective of software process improvement. Considering the Japanese market and institutional settings, the costs and incentive mechanisms at work are starkly different from those found in the environment that enable the development of global platform products. However, this did not impede innovation and product development in the Japanese software industry, especially in the flourishing embedded software application business. Discussion of the embedded software developed by the Japanese also explains the close link with the hardware manufacturers as well as certain institutional characteristics of the Japanese software industry; this route could give rise to a strong orientation towards a global market.
Service-oriented computing environments (SoCEs) such as the Language Grid can be regarded as the ... more Service-oriented computing environments (SoCEs) such as the Language Grid can be regarded as the synthesis of their individual services. However, to make sustainable SoCEs, the user will want assurance that the billing structure is valid of and apportionment of cost burden among users is fair. To analyze the factors involved, we conduct donation and investment games for a machine translation service, where the service users participate in gaming. The results confirm the existence of users that actively try to make donations and social investments, users that remain passive to this kind of service, as well as users who tend to free ride on other users. Furthermore, we find that setting bonuses based on the total amount of donation and investment is effective in incentivizing some players to donate and invest. We also show how to reduce the cost of developing and executing gaming exercises for domain practitioners or experts. We define a game as a workflow of collaborative tasks execu...
Fragmentation and recombination is a key to create customized language environments for supportin... more Fragmentation and recombination is a key to create customized language environments for supporting various intercultural activities. Fragmentation provides various language resource components for the customized language environments and recombination builds each language environment according to user’s request by combining these components. To realize this fragmentation and recombination process, existing language resources (both data and programs) should be shared as language services and combined beyond mismatch of their service interfaces. To address this issue, standardization is inevitable: standardized interfaces are necessary for language services as well as data format required for language resources. Therefore, we have constructed a hierarchy of language services based on inheritance of service interfaces, which is called language service ontology. This ontology allows users to create a new customized language service that is compatible with existing ones. Moreover, we hav...
2006 Semantics, Knowledge and Grid, Second International Conference on, 2006
Although English has become the standard language in various areas, most people do not use it in ... more Although English has become the standard language in various areas, most people do not use it in local activities. To increase the mutual understanding of different cultures with different languages, it is essential to build a language infrastructure on top of the Internet that improves the accessibility and usability of existing online language services so that users can create new cross-language services for their communities. To realize this infrastructure, this paper proposes the language grid. The language grid consists of the "horizontal language grid," which connects the standard languages of nations, and "vertical language grid," which combines the language services generated by communities. This approach can facilitate intercultural collaboration through the Internet, such as international online collaborative learning.
Cognitive Technologies, 2011
ABSTRACT The Language Grid is an infrastructure for enabling users to share language services dev... more ABSTRACT The Language Grid is an infrastructure for enabling users to share language services developed by language specialists and end user communities. Users can also create new services to support their intercultural/multilingual activities by composing language services from a range of providers. Since the Language Grid takes the service-oriented collective intelligence approach, the platform requires the services management to satisfy stakeholders’ needs: access control for service providers, dynamic service composition for service users, and service grid composition and system configurability for service grid operators. To realize the Language Grid, this chapter describes the design concept and the system architecture of the platform based on the service grid.
Cognitive Technologies, 2011
The multilingual Wikipedia is the largest existing collaboratively edited encyclopedia, where sev... more The multilingual Wikipedia is the largest existing collaboratively edited encyclopedia, where several translation communities are working towards translating Wikipedia articles. The different language communities are largely independent in terms of policy creation, behavior and community mechanisms. We conducted a case study on the Wikipedia community from a multilingual point of view to better understand community behavior. We also conducted a collaborative Wiki-to-Wiki translation experiment using machine translation tools provided by the Language Grid. Based on the findings of the two studies we designed and developed a multi-language discussion platform for Wikipedia translation communities. In this chapter, we discuss the results of the case study and a laboratory experiment and how the results are applied to facilitate the creation of multilingual collective intelligence in Wikipedia through a multi-language discussion platform.
2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, 2014
Service composition involves combining many existing services to solve a complex task in the serv... more Service composition involves combining many existing services to solve a complex task in the service-oriented environment. Due to the progress in modern smart devices, mobile devices can now act as service providers. The mobility of mobile service providers and the dynamism of the mobile environment are unique features. As a result, there are two issues with service composition in mobile environments: (1) how to use the mobility of devices as an non-functional Quality of Service (QoS) criterion, and (2) how to deal with the dynamism of the mobile environment to realize the optimal service composition. In order to deal with above issues, we proposed a QoS-aware service composition model for service composition in mobile environments considering the feature of mobility in the mobile environment. Moreover, we proposed an adaptive approach called k-neighbor. The main idea of k-neighbor approach is to decompose the composite service into smaller elementary composite services then to set up a solution plan for those elementary composite services based on the available provider set. The evaluation shows that the way of decomposing a composite service adapts to different dynamism of the environment.
To facilitate intercultural collaboration, we designed the language service infrastructure called... more To facilitate intercultural collaboration, we designed the language service infrastructure called the Language Grid, which allows users to create language services from existing language resources and combine them to develop multilingual environments adapted to their problem domains. Based on seven years experience in operating the language service infrastructure, this paper proposes the Open Language Grid, which is intended to realize a self-organizing infrastructure, where user groups can easily start their own server to accumulate language services, and to connect their server to other servers in a peer-to-peer fashion. By integrating various language services provided by both academia and industry, users can easily develop a multilingual environment on their mobile devices.
The existing platforms designed to ensure interoperability of language services define their own ... more The existing platforms designed to ensure interoperability of language services define their own data format and annotation vocabularies. To construct a comprehensive language service infrastructure, various types of language services supporting different languages need to be connected to the platforms. However, it is difficult for a single operator to collect and organize services for two key reasons: what kinds of language services are registered depends on the purpose of the platforms, and the language resources are characterized by their locality. Therefore, federation of the platforms across regions is essential to establish the comprehensive infrastructure desired. In this chapter, we extend the existing service grid architecture to federate heterogeneous as well as homogeneous language service platforms. To this end, we introduce an upper-level ontology for a service grid that facilitates the semantic integration of domain ontologies and guides the development of new domain o...
あらまし 辞書や機械翻訳などの言語資源の収集と共有のため,我々は 2006 年 4 月よりインターネット上の 多言語サービス基盤「言語グリッド」を開発してきた.これまでに,言語グリッドの研究開発... more あらまし 辞書や機械翻訳などの言語資源の収集と共有のため,我々は 2006 年 4 月よりインターネット上の 多言語サービス基盤「言語グリッド」を開発してきた.これまでに,言語グリッドの研究開発は,サービスグリッ ド基盤ソフトウェアの提供と連邦制の制度設計を中心に行われた.一方,国際交流活動を支援するために,そう した言語サービスを組み合わせ,現場の要求を満たすようカスタマイズし,各々の利用現場に適応した多言語 コミュニケーション環境を実現していく必要がある.本研究は,言語グリッドを用いて,現場が求める多言語コ ミュニケーション環境を実現することを目指す.また,日本人専門家によるベトナム農業支援を具体的な現場と 想定し,2011 年から 2014 年までの間,我々はメコンデルタ地帯の農村地区の農家を対象に,ベトナム農務省, NPO,東京大学等の組織の協力で,Vinh Long 省において延べ 16ヶ月の多言語支援の実証実験を実施した.更 に,本論文では,多言語サービス基盤の今後の方向性について提案する. キーワード 多言語コミュニケーション,サービス指向,多言語サービス基盤,言語グリッド,農業支援
Journal of Information Processing
Using existing resources to create teaching materials can save effort and achieve the desired qua... more Using existing resources to create teaching materials can save effort and achieve the desired quality easily. Yet while some resources can be used freely for educational purposes, others such as textbooks or online course materials cannot. This is a particular problem during a pandemic when much teaching has gone online and the risk of teachers violating copyright is even higher. Therefore, a solution that facilitates the usage of copyright-restricted resources for generating teaching materials with royalty sharing is needed. Our work exploits the advantage of blockchain technology and proposes a system to bond participants with a smart contract; it securely registers records of multiple authorships and contribution distribution of a teaching material that reuses in part, existing resources. Such records can be used as authorship evidence to claim economic benefits when a material is used. We implement TMchain on Ethereum-Remix IDE with a core smart contract. To lower the cost of using blockchain, the material files are stored off-chain and tied to the word processing system for the final authorship and contribution share determination when a material is completed. Furthermore, we test TMchain with teaching material creation scenarios to demonstrate its effective and practical potential.
IEICE Technical Report; IEICE Tech. Rep., Aug 14, 2020
The so-called "Japanese software puzzle" is revisited by analyzing various factors that... more The so-called "Japanese software puzzle" is revisited by analyzing various factors that affect the state of software development in Japan. International cross-comparisons explain how and why countries like the United States and Japan differ from the perspective of software process improvement. Considering the Japanese market and institutional settings, the costs and incentive mechanisms at work are starkly different from those found in the environment that enable the development of global platform products. However, this did not impede innovation and product development in the Japanese software industry, especially in the flourishing embedded software application business. Discussion of the embedded software developed by the Japanese also explains the close link with the hardware manufacturers as well as certain institutional characteristics of the Japanese software industry; this route could give rise to a strong orientation towards a global market.
Service-oriented computing environments (SoCEs) such as the Language Grid can be regarded as the ... more Service-oriented computing environments (SoCEs) such as the Language Grid can be regarded as the synthesis of their individual services. However, to make sustainable SoCEs, the user will want assurance that the billing structure is valid of and apportionment of cost burden among users is fair. To analyze the factors involved, we conduct donation and investment games for a machine translation service, where the service users participate in gaming. The results confirm the existence of users that actively try to make donations and social investments, users that remain passive to this kind of service, as well as users who tend to free ride on other users. Furthermore, we find that setting bonuses based on the total amount of donation and investment is effective in incentivizing some players to donate and invest. We also show how to reduce the cost of developing and executing gaming exercises for domain practitioners or experts. We define a game as a workflow of collaborative tasks execu...
Fragmentation and recombination is a key to create customized language environments for supportin... more Fragmentation and recombination is a key to create customized language environments for supporting various intercultural activities. Fragmentation provides various language resource components for the customized language environments and recombination builds each language environment according to user’s request by combining these components. To realize this fragmentation and recombination process, existing language resources (both data and programs) should be shared as language services and combined beyond mismatch of their service interfaces. To address this issue, standardization is inevitable: standardized interfaces are necessary for language services as well as data format required for language resources. Therefore, we have constructed a hierarchy of language services based on inheritance of service interfaces, which is called language service ontology. This ontology allows users to create a new customized language service that is compatible with existing ones. Moreover, we hav...
2006 Semantics, Knowledge and Grid, Second International Conference on, 2006
Although English has become the standard language in various areas, most people do not use it in ... more Although English has become the standard language in various areas, most people do not use it in local activities. To increase the mutual understanding of different cultures with different languages, it is essential to build a language infrastructure on top of the Internet that improves the accessibility and usability of existing online language services so that users can create new cross-language services for their communities. To realize this infrastructure, this paper proposes the language grid. The language grid consists of the "horizontal language grid," which connects the standard languages of nations, and "vertical language grid," which combines the language services generated by communities. This approach can facilitate intercultural collaboration through the Internet, such as international online collaborative learning.
Cognitive Technologies, 2011
ABSTRACT The Language Grid is an infrastructure for enabling users to share language services dev... more ABSTRACT The Language Grid is an infrastructure for enabling users to share language services developed by language specialists and end user communities. Users can also create new services to support their intercultural/multilingual activities by composing language services from a range of providers. Since the Language Grid takes the service-oriented collective intelligence approach, the platform requires the services management to satisfy stakeholders’ needs: access control for service providers, dynamic service composition for service users, and service grid composition and system configurability for service grid operators. To realize the Language Grid, this chapter describes the design concept and the system architecture of the platform based on the service grid.
Cognitive Technologies, 2011
The multilingual Wikipedia is the largest existing collaboratively edited encyclopedia, where sev... more The multilingual Wikipedia is the largest existing collaboratively edited encyclopedia, where several translation communities are working towards translating Wikipedia articles. The different language communities are largely independent in terms of policy creation, behavior and community mechanisms. We conducted a case study on the Wikipedia community from a multilingual point of view to better understand community behavior. We also conducted a collaborative Wiki-to-Wiki translation experiment using machine translation tools provided by the Language Grid. Based on the findings of the two studies we designed and developed a multi-language discussion platform for Wikipedia translation communities. In this chapter, we discuss the results of the case study and a laboratory experiment and how the results are applied to facilitate the creation of multilingual collective intelligence in Wikipedia through a multi-language discussion platform.
2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, 2014
Service composition involves combining many existing services to solve a complex task in the serv... more Service composition involves combining many existing services to solve a complex task in the service-oriented environment. Due to the progress in modern smart devices, mobile devices can now act as service providers. The mobility of mobile service providers and the dynamism of the mobile environment are unique features. As a result, there are two issues with service composition in mobile environments: (1) how to use the mobility of devices as an non-functional Quality of Service (QoS) criterion, and (2) how to deal with the dynamism of the mobile environment to realize the optimal service composition. In order to deal with above issues, we proposed a QoS-aware service composition model for service composition in mobile environments considering the feature of mobility in the mobile environment. Moreover, we proposed an adaptive approach called k-neighbor. The main idea of k-neighbor approach is to decompose the composite service into smaller elementary composite services then to set up a solution plan for those elementary composite services based on the available provider set. The evaluation shows that the way of decomposing a composite service adapts to different dynamism of the environment.
To facilitate intercultural collaboration, we designed the language service infrastructure called... more To facilitate intercultural collaboration, we designed the language service infrastructure called the Language Grid, which allows users to create language services from existing language resources and combine them to develop multilingual environments adapted to their problem domains. Based on seven years experience in operating the language service infrastructure, this paper proposes the Open Language Grid, which is intended to realize a self-organizing infrastructure, where user groups can easily start their own server to accumulate language services, and to connect their server to other servers in a peer-to-peer fashion. By integrating various language services provided by both academia and industry, users can easily develop a multilingual environment on their mobile devices.
The existing platforms designed to ensure interoperability of language services define their own ... more The existing platforms designed to ensure interoperability of language services define their own data format and annotation vocabularies. To construct a comprehensive language service infrastructure, various types of language services supporting different languages need to be connected to the platforms. However, it is difficult for a single operator to collect and organize services for two key reasons: what kinds of language services are registered depends on the purpose of the platforms, and the language resources are characterized by their locality. Therefore, federation of the platforms across regions is essential to establish the comprehensive infrastructure desired. In this chapter, we extend the existing service grid architecture to federate heterogeneous as well as homogeneous language service platforms. To this end, we introduce an upper-level ontology for a service grid that facilitates the semantic integration of domain ontologies and guides the development of new domain o...
あらまし 辞書や機械翻訳などの言語資源の収集と共有のため,我々は 2006 年 4 月よりインターネット上の 多言語サービス基盤「言語グリッド」を開発してきた.これまでに,言語グリッドの研究開発... more あらまし 辞書や機械翻訳などの言語資源の収集と共有のため,我々は 2006 年 4 月よりインターネット上の 多言語サービス基盤「言語グリッド」を開発してきた.これまでに,言語グリッドの研究開発は,サービスグリッ ド基盤ソフトウェアの提供と連邦制の制度設計を中心に行われた.一方,国際交流活動を支援するために,そう した言語サービスを組み合わせ,現場の要求を満たすようカスタマイズし,各々の利用現場に適応した多言語 コミュニケーション環境を実現していく必要がある.本研究は,言語グリッドを用いて,現場が求める多言語コ ミュニケーション環境を実現することを目指す.また,日本人専門家によるベトナム農業支援を具体的な現場と 想定し,2011 年から 2014 年までの間,我々はメコンデルタ地帯の農村地区の農家を対象に,ベトナム農務省, NPO,東京大学等の組織の協力で,Vinh Long 省において延べ 16ヶ月の多言語支援の実証実験を実施した.更 に,本論文では,多言語サービス基盤の今後の方向性について提案する. キーワード 多言語コミュニケーション,サービス指向,多言語サービス基盤,言語グリッド,農業支援