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Conference Presentations by Temple Grandin

The public is increasingly concerned with how animals in production agriculture are treated. The... more The public is increasingly concerned with how animals in production agriculture are treated. The objective of this study was to ascertain feedlot performance in Beef Quality Assurance cattle handling categories. A survey was conducted to quantify prevalence of cattle handling practices that adhere to BQA guidelines. Data were collected at 28 feedlots ranging in size from 5,000 to over 100,000 head in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. According to BQA guidelines, 100 cattle were observed during handling at every site except for two, where 90 and 78 head were observed due to lack of cattle. Data were collected on percentage of cattle moved with an electric prod, percentage that vocalized after capture in the squeeze chute before procedure, percentage of falls while exiting the squeeze chute, percentage stumbling while exiting, and percentage jumping and running upon exit from the squeeze chute. Feedlots in this survey performed above BQA guidelines in the categories of electric prod use (5.5% vs. 10%); vocalization (1.4% vs. 5%), stumbles (6.7% vs. 10%), falls (0.8% vs. 2%), and cattle that jumped and ran from the squeeze chute (12.8% vs. 25%). The mean percentage of cattle moved with an electric prod was 5.5%, with a range of 0% to 45%; cattle that vocalized in the chute before procedure was a mean of 1.4% with a range of 0% to 5.1%. The mean percentage of cattle stumbling while exiting the squeeze chute was 6.7%, with a range of 0% to 28%; cattle falling was 0.5%, with a range of 0% to 2%. The mean percentage of cattle that jumped and ran out of the squeeze chute was 12.8%, with a range of 0.1% to 18%; cattle miscaught in the squeeze chute was 2%, with a range of 0% to 16.1%. Under BQA guidelines, there is zero tolerance for an improper catch that is not adjusted, and feedlots in this survey show some room for improvement, with a mean score of 2% vs the BQA guideline of 0%. Of the improper catches, 60% were not adjusted. Round crowd pen handling systems were used at 25 yards, and 3 yards used Bud box handling systems. At one feedlot, a contract crew employee jerked out ear tags, resulting in some ear splits. Discussion with feedlot managers revealed increased awareness of the importance of moving small groups of cattle into the crowd pen, and avoiding yelling.

Papers by Temple Grandin

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019

I was born in 1947 and had autism with speech delay until age four. I am now a college professor ... more I was born in 1947 and had autism with speech delay until age four. I am now a college professor of animal science. Horse activities enabled me to make friends through a shared interest in horses. This paper describes the benefits that I experienced from working with horses and my friendships and work skills. A close friendship developed with another student through both riding and horse craft projects. Keeping employment is a serious problem for many people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The responsibility of caring for horses and cleaning stalls every day taught me good work skills. My experiences suggest that there were valuable outcomes from working with horses. This may be a beneficial intervention to include in programming for youth with ASD.

Journal of Food Protection, 2008

Transportation of cattle from the feedlot to the slaughter plant could influence hide contaminati... more Transportation of cattle from the feedlot to the slaughter plant could influence hide contamination of Escherichia coli O157. A study was initiated to investigate the influence of transportation and lairage on shedding and hide contamination of E. coli O157. Fecal and hide samples were obtained from 40 pens of harvest-ready beef cattle at the feedlot prior to transport and again at the slaughter plant immediately after slaughter. Potential risk factors for hide contamination at the feedlot, during transport, and at slaughter were evaluated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to evaluate if transportation and lairage were associated with hide contamination by E. coli O157 in finished beef cattle. Lots of cattle held in E. coli O157–positive lairage pens had eight times greater risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle held in culture-negative pens (relative risk, 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 38.8). Lots of cattle that were held in lairage...

Journal of Food Protection, 2008

Transportation of cattle to the slaughter plant could influence hide contamination with Salmonell... more Transportation of cattle to the slaughter plant could influence hide contamination with Salmonella enterica. Fecal and hide samples were obtained from 40 lots of cattle at the feedlot and again at the slaughter plant. Potential risk factors for hide contamination were evaluated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to determine whether transportation and lairage were associated with hide contamination by Salmonella. Cattle with hide samples positive for Salmonella at the feedlot had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle without positive feedlot hide samples (relative risk [RR], 1.9). Cattle transported in trailers from which samples positive for Salmonella were collected had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle transported in culture-negative trailers (RR, 2.3). Cattle transported for long distances had twice the risk of having positive hide samples at slaughter compared with cattle transporte...

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2012

Journal of Animal Science, 1998

Educational Horizons, 2006

Journal of Dairy Science, 2007

Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 2014

Veterinaria italiana

Accident reports on 415 commercial livestock truck accidents were tabulated between 1994 and June... more Accident reports on 415 commercial livestock truck accidents were tabulated between 1994 and June 2007 in the United States and Canada. Data was collected from Google internet searches of newspaper and television news reports, unpublished industry sources and Alberta government agencies. Fifty-nine percent of the accidents occurred during the early morning hours from midnight to 9:00 am and 80% involved a single vehicle. Driver error was blamed for 85% of the wrecks. In 83% of the accidents, the vehicle rolled over and 84% of the truckers tipped over on their right side. In North America, vehicles travel on the right-hand side of the road and if a driver falls asleep at the wheel he usually drifts off toward the right. Driver fatigue is the most likely explanation for many of these accidents.

Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009

My mind is similar to an Internet search engine that searches for photographs. I use language to ... more My mind is similar to an Internet search engine that searches for photographs. I use language to narrate the photo-realistic pictures that pop up in my imagination. When I design equipment for the cattle industry, I can test run it in my imagination similar to a virtual reality computer program. All my thinking is associative and not linear. To form concepts, I sort pictures into categories similar to computer files. To form the concept of orange, I see many different orange objects, such as oranges, pumpkins, orange juice and marmalade. I have observed that there are three different specialized autistic/Asperger cognitive types. They are: (i) visual thinkers such as I who are often poor at algebra, (ii) pattern thinkers such as Daniel Tammet who excel in math and music but may have problems with reading or writing composition, and (iii) verbal specialists who are good at talking and writing but they lack visual skills.

Two groups of feedlot cattle on two different mineral supplement trials were used to assess the r... more Two groups of feedlot cattle on two different mineral supplement trials were used to assess the relationship between temperament and cannon bone measurements. The cannon bones of approximately fourteen month old crossbred Bos taurus European, Continental, and British steers (n = 135), primarily Angus, Charolais, and Hereford breeds, and 54 Charolais x Hereford heifers were measured postmortem. Postmortem measurements were taken on the left front 3rd and 4th fused metacarpal (cannon) bone. Length (middle peak of the base to the sagittal ridge) was measured with an Absolute Digimatic caliper (Mitutoyo Corp., Japan) CD- 12" CP, while width (lateral to medial), and thickness (cranial to caudal) measurements were taken with an Absolute Digimatic caliper model CD-8" CS. Steers were individually scored on speed of exit from the squeeze chute after physical restraint; 1 = walked, 2= trotted, and 3 = ran out of the chute. Heifers were scored on their reluctance to place their head ...

Proc. NAG, Am. Zoo …, 1995

Biological Psychiatry, 2009

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1989

The public is increasingly concerned with how animals in production agriculture are treated. The... more The public is increasingly concerned with how animals in production agriculture are treated. The objective of this study was to ascertain feedlot performance in Beef Quality Assurance cattle handling categories. A survey was conducted to quantify prevalence of cattle handling practices that adhere to BQA guidelines. Data were collected at 28 feedlots ranging in size from 5,000 to over 100,000 head in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. According to BQA guidelines, 100 cattle were observed during handling at every site except for two, where 90 and 78 head were observed due to lack of cattle. Data were collected on percentage of cattle moved with an electric prod, percentage that vocalized after capture in the squeeze chute before procedure, percentage of falls while exiting the squeeze chute, percentage stumbling while exiting, and percentage jumping and running upon exit from the squeeze chute. Feedlots in this survey performed above BQA guidelines in the categories of electric prod use (5.5% vs. 10%); vocalization (1.4% vs. 5%), stumbles (6.7% vs. 10%), falls (0.8% vs. 2%), and cattle that jumped and ran from the squeeze chute (12.8% vs. 25%). The mean percentage of cattle moved with an electric prod was 5.5%, with a range of 0% to 45%; cattle that vocalized in the chute before procedure was a mean of 1.4% with a range of 0% to 5.1%. The mean percentage of cattle stumbling while exiting the squeeze chute was 6.7%, with a range of 0% to 28%; cattle falling was 0.5%, with a range of 0% to 2%. The mean percentage of cattle that jumped and ran out of the squeeze chute was 12.8%, with a range of 0.1% to 18%; cattle miscaught in the squeeze chute was 2%, with a range of 0% to 16.1%. Under BQA guidelines, there is zero tolerance for an improper catch that is not adjusted, and feedlots in this survey show some room for improvement, with a mean score of 2% vs the BQA guideline of 0%. Of the improper catches, 60% were not adjusted. Round crowd pen handling systems were used at 25 yards, and 3 yards used Bud box handling systems. At one feedlot, a contract crew employee jerked out ear tags, resulting in some ear splits. Discussion with feedlot managers revealed increased awareness of the importance of moving small groups of cattle into the crowd pen, and avoiding yelling.

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019

I was born in 1947 and had autism with speech delay until age four. I am now a college professor ... more I was born in 1947 and had autism with speech delay until age four. I am now a college professor of animal science. Horse activities enabled me to make friends through a shared interest in horses. This paper describes the benefits that I experienced from working with horses and my friendships and work skills. A close friendship developed with another student through both riding and horse craft projects. Keeping employment is a serious problem for many people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The responsibility of caring for horses and cleaning stalls every day taught me good work skills. My experiences suggest that there were valuable outcomes from working with horses. This may be a beneficial intervention to include in programming for youth with ASD.

Journal of Food Protection, 2008

Transportation of cattle from the feedlot to the slaughter plant could influence hide contaminati... more Transportation of cattle from the feedlot to the slaughter plant could influence hide contamination of Escherichia coli O157. A study was initiated to investigate the influence of transportation and lairage on shedding and hide contamination of E. coli O157. Fecal and hide samples were obtained from 40 pens of harvest-ready beef cattle at the feedlot prior to transport and again at the slaughter plant immediately after slaughter. Potential risk factors for hide contamination at the feedlot, during transport, and at slaughter were evaluated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to evaluate if transportation and lairage were associated with hide contamination by E. coli O157 in finished beef cattle. Lots of cattle held in E. coli O157–positive lairage pens had eight times greater risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle held in culture-negative pens (relative risk, 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 38.8). Lots of cattle that were held in lairage...

Journal of Food Protection, 2008

Transportation of cattle to the slaughter plant could influence hide contamination with Salmonell... more Transportation of cattle to the slaughter plant could influence hide contamination with Salmonella enterica. Fecal and hide samples were obtained from 40 lots of cattle at the feedlot and again at the slaughter plant. Potential risk factors for hide contamination were evaluated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to determine whether transportation and lairage were associated with hide contamination by Salmonella. Cattle with hide samples positive for Salmonella at the feedlot had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle without positive feedlot hide samples (relative risk [RR], 1.9). Cattle transported in trailers from which samples positive for Salmonella were collected had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle transported in culture-negative trailers (RR, 2.3). Cattle transported for long distances had twice the risk of having positive hide samples at slaughter compared with cattle transporte...

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2012

Journal of Animal Science, 1998

Educational Horizons, 2006

Journal of Dairy Science, 2007

Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 2014

Veterinaria italiana

Accident reports on 415 commercial livestock truck accidents were tabulated between 1994 and June... more Accident reports on 415 commercial livestock truck accidents were tabulated between 1994 and June 2007 in the United States and Canada. Data was collected from Google internet searches of newspaper and television news reports, unpublished industry sources and Alberta government agencies. Fifty-nine percent of the accidents occurred during the early morning hours from midnight to 9:00 am and 80% involved a single vehicle. Driver error was blamed for 85% of the wrecks. In 83% of the accidents, the vehicle rolled over and 84% of the truckers tipped over on their right side. In North America, vehicles travel on the right-hand side of the road and if a driver falls asleep at the wheel he usually drifts off toward the right. Driver fatigue is the most likely explanation for many of these accidents.

Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009

My mind is similar to an Internet search engine that searches for photographs. I use language to ... more My mind is similar to an Internet search engine that searches for photographs. I use language to narrate the photo-realistic pictures that pop up in my imagination. When I design equipment for the cattle industry, I can test run it in my imagination similar to a virtual reality computer program. All my thinking is associative and not linear. To form concepts, I sort pictures into categories similar to computer files. To form the concept of orange, I see many different orange objects, such as oranges, pumpkins, orange juice and marmalade. I have observed that there are three different specialized autistic/Asperger cognitive types. They are: (i) visual thinkers such as I who are often poor at algebra, (ii) pattern thinkers such as Daniel Tammet who excel in math and music but may have problems with reading or writing composition, and (iii) verbal specialists who are good at talking and writing but they lack visual skills.

Two groups of feedlot cattle on two different mineral supplement trials were used to assess the r... more Two groups of feedlot cattle on two different mineral supplement trials were used to assess the relationship between temperament and cannon bone measurements. The cannon bones of approximately fourteen month old crossbred Bos taurus European, Continental, and British steers (n = 135), primarily Angus, Charolais, and Hereford breeds, and 54 Charolais x Hereford heifers were measured postmortem. Postmortem measurements were taken on the left front 3rd and 4th fused metacarpal (cannon) bone. Length (middle peak of the base to the sagittal ridge) was measured with an Absolute Digimatic caliper (Mitutoyo Corp., Japan) CD- 12" CP, while width (lateral to medial), and thickness (cranial to caudal) measurements were taken with an Absolute Digimatic caliper model CD-8" CS. Steers were individually scored on speed of exit from the squeeze chute after physical restraint; 1 = walked, 2= trotted, and 3 = ran out of the chute. Heifers were scored on their reluctance to place their head ...

Proc. NAG, Am. Zoo …, 1995

Biological Psychiatry, 2009

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1989

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1999

Objective. One symptom common to many persons with autism is a high arousal or anxiety level. Thi... more Objective. One symptom common to many persons with autism is a high arousal or anxiety level. This study investigated the effects of deep pressure on arousal and anxiety reduction in autism with Grandin’s Hug Machine, a device that allows self-administration of lateral body pressure. Method. Twelve children with autism were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (receiving deep pressure) or a placebo group (no receiving deep pressure but in the disengaged Hug Machine). All children received two 20-min sessions a week over a 6-week period. Arousal was measured behaviorally with the Conners Parent Rating Scale and physiologically with galvanic skin response (GSR) readings. Results. Behavioral results indicated a significant reduction in tension and a marginally significant reduction in anxiety for children who received the deep pressure compared with the children who did not. Additionally, children in the experimental group, whose GSR measure decreased, on average, after de...