Swine fever (original) (raw)

Chapter 9: Sea Ice

Key Findings • The decline in Arctic summer sea-ice extent has accelerated over the past ten years. The retreat is faster than previously predicted by IPCC models and summer ice-free conditions are likely over most of the Arctic basin by mid-century or earlier. • Newly developed estimates of sea-ice age, basin-scale sea-ice thickness, and sea-ice volume indicate thinning of the ice cover and loss of old ice types. • Recent research has better quantified some interactions between the sea ice, ocean, and atmosphere, particularly during the extreme summer ice loss of 2007. • Predictions of seasonal sea-ice extent are highly variable on a regional basis. Environmental conditions and bathymetry are also highly variable on a regional basis. In combination, these factors will strongly affect the impacts of climate warming on Arctic biological systems. • The extinction of some Arctic endemic species is likely if current sea-ice trends continue. These losses will represent biodiversity losse...

Nature Comment Six priorities for Antarctic science & Supplementary information

Don Cowan, Sergio Marenssi, Redruello B, Martin Siegert, Xichen Li, José Retamales, Michael Sparrow, Sanghoon Lee, Heinz Miller, V. Lipenkov, Polina Morozova, C. Elfring, Erli Costa, Robert Dunbar, Karin Lochte, Jane Francis, Daniela Liggett, Marcelo Leppe, Peter Convey, Azizan Samah, Jeff Ayton, Irene R Schloss

Nature