Timothy Aladelusi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Timothy Aladelusi

Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery/Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery, Jun 19, 2024

BMC oral health, Feb 26, 2024

Background There is a blooming trend in the application of robotic surgery in oral and maxillofac... more Background There is a blooming trend in the application of robotic surgery in oral and maxillofacial care, and different studies had evaluated the quality of life (QoL) outcomes among patients who underwent robotic surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, empirical evidence on the QoL outcomes from these procedures is yet to be mapped. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the available scientific evidence and gaps concerning the QoL outcomes of patients treated with robotic surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region. Methods This study adopted a scoping review design, and it was conducted and reported based on the Arksey and O'Malley, PRISMA-ScR, and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. SCOPUS, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and APA PsycINFO were searched to retrieve relevant literature. Using Rayyan software, the retrieved literature were deduplicated, and screened based on the review's eligibility criteria. Only the eligible articles were included in the review. From the included articles, relevant data were charted, collated, and summarized. Results A total of 123 literature were retrieved from the literature search. After deduplication and screening, only 18 heterogeneous original articles were included in the review. A total of 771 transoral robotic surgeries (TORSs) were reported in these articles, and the TORSs were conducted on patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPC), recurrent tonsillitis, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). In total, 20 different QoL instruments were used in these articles to assess patients' QoL outcomes, and the most used instrument was the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory Questionnaire (MDADI). Physical functions related to swallowing, speech and salivary functions were the most assessed QoL aspects. TORS was reported to result in improved QOL in patients with OPC, OSA, and recurrent tonsillitis, most significantly within the first postoperative year. Notably, the site of the lesion, involvement of neck dissections and the characteristics of the adjuvant therapy seemed to affect the QOL outcome in patients with OPC. Conclusion Compared to the conventional treatment modalities, TORS has demonstrated better QoL, mostly in the domains related to oral functions such as swallowing and speech, among patients treated with such. This improvement was most evident within the initial post-operative year.

Cancer reports, Oct 25, 2023

Health Science Reports

Background and AimsQigong and Tai Chi (QTC) are mind‐body exercises involving a sequence of grace... more Background and AimsQigong and Tai Chi (QTC) are mind‐body exercises involving a sequence of graceful movements, which promote self‐healing, meditation, and self‐cultivation. There is growing evidence that Qigong and/or Tai Chi therapy may improve the physical and psychological health among adults with multiple health conditions including joint movement. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available evidence on the type and effectiveness of QTC therapies used in the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction.MethodsThis systematic review followed the AMSTAR‐2 guideline, and it was reported based on guidelines in the PRISMA checklist. The review involved a systematic search of nine electronic databases. After deduplication and screening of the literature retrieved from the search, only one article was included based on the review's inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from this article and synthesized.ResultsThe only included article was on a non‐randomize...

Medical Journal of Zambia

Background: Orofacial cancers remain a significant health burden globally, especially in the deve... more Background: Orofacial cancers remain a significant health burden globally, especially in the developing countries where the incidence is higher and appears to be increasing. This study aims to document the pattern, management and survivorship of patients with orofacial cancers as seen at a tertiary healthcare facilityin Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who presented at our centre with orofacial cancers in the period between January 2010 and December. Patients' demographics, location of lesion, histopathological diagnosis, treatment given and follow-up events were extracted from the records. Patient with insufficient data for analysis were excluded. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 21. Results: 21,090 patients were seen during the study period and 228 of the 1,029 biopsies done were malignant. The study included 213 patients (121 males and 92 females. mean age 48.2 years) with orofacial cancers. The commonest sites were the jaws (...

Background: There have been several studies on clinical craniometry especially cephalic indices. ... more Background: There have been several studies on clinical craniometry especially cephalic indices. However, reports on the anatomical cranial indices of Nigerian anatomical specimen are scarce in literature. The aim of this study is to add to the body of knowledge on cranial index (CI) of Nigerian skulls as well as review the literature on both Nigerian cranial and cephalic indices. Methods: The skull specimens were placed in Frankfurt plane and standard craniometric measurements were obtained to the nearest millimetre using digital spreading and sliding callipers. The cranial index (CI) was calculated from the maximum cranial length and breadth which was measured using standard anthropometric techniques. Results: Sixty – eight adult skulls of unidentified gender were assessed. The mean CI was 74.1 mm (SD±5.6) and the most common skull type was dolichocephalic. Twenty-three Nigerian articles were identified from the literature search and only three were on anatomical specimens. The me...

African Journal of Oral Health, Nov 11, 2019

Objective: FNAC is a well-established initial investigative tool for head and neck masses due to ... more Objective: FNAC is a well-established initial investigative tool for head and neck masses due to its being cost effective, quick to perform, low associated morbidity, high patient acceptability and high diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to audit the utilization and deployment of FNAC in the management of head and neck masses in our hospital Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients presenting for fine needle aspiration cytology of lesions in the head and neck region at our hospital for fifteen years (from 2008 to 2017). All data were extracted from the FNA clinic records. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 21 and results presented as figures and percentages. Results: During the study period, 3194 patients were seen, 2789 had complete information for analysis. There were 875 males (31.4%) and 1914 females (68.6%). The ages ranged between 1 year and 103 years. Overall mean age was 39.7 + 17.9 years. The commonest site was the anterior neck, accounting for 1323 (47.4%) of the lesions. Cervical lymph nodal swellings accounted for 548 (19.6%)]. Benign lesions constituted 35%. A total of 160 (5.7%) specimens were reported as inconclusive. Malignant lesions had the highest prevalence in the 1-10year age group. There was no complication reported with any of the procedures. Conclusion: FNAC is an established tool for investigating head and neck lesions in our hospital. The practice however needs to be further developed in line with the recommendations of National Institute for Clinical Excellence for improved outcomes.

PubMed, Dec 1, 2014

Background: Walking is the most basic form of mobility and forms an important part of daily activ... more Background: Walking is the most basic form of mobility and forms an important part of daily activities; however, walking could often be associated with risks. This is more so when pedestrians share a common space with motorized vehicles especially in developing countries. Despite the frequency of road traffic crashes (RTC) related pedestrian injuries in many developing countries, there is a dearth of documentation of maxillofacial injuries in victims of pedestrian road traffic crashes. The aim of this study was to determine the causes, frequency, pattern, severity, concomitant injuries and outcome of pedestrian maxillofacial injuries observed at a tertiary trauma centre in Nigeria. Method: Pedestrian victims of RTC were prospectively recruited from among all maxillofacial trauma patients seen at the Accident and Emergency department and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University College Hospital, Ibadan between April 2011 and November 2011. Ethical approval was obtained from the UI/UCH Joint Ethics Review Board before the commencement of the study and informed consent was obtained from participants. Patients' demography, the crash events, types of maxillofacial injuries, and concomitant injuries were recorded. Severity of maxillofacial injury was estimated based on the Maxillofacial Injury Severity Scale (MFISS). Results: Forty-six participants (22.9% of all victims of road traffic crashes seen within the study period) were victims of pedestrian RTC. Pedestrian RTC occurred in all age groups with almost 40% of the victims in their 1st and 2nd decades of life. The most severe MFISS was observed in the 21 - 30 year age group while the least severe injury observed was in the 71 - 80 years age group. Thirty participants (65.2%) were hit by a car or minibus while fourteen (30.4%) were knocked down by a motorcycle. Two (4.4%) were hit by a truck. Soft tissue injury was the most common maxillofacial injury and head injury was the commonest concomitant injury observed. The median MFISS score of victims of motorcycle was 4.0 while the median scores for victims of car/minibus pedestrian RTC was 9.0. The most severe maxillofacial injury was seen in victim of car/minibus pedestrian crashes. Seventeen percent (8) of the victims had a fatal outcome. Conclusion: Pedestrian RTC resulting in maxillofacial injuries are common in the studied environment. It is particularly common among the 11 -20 year age group and victims are usually hit by cars/minibuses. These injuries are often severe and fatal outcome is not infrequent. Therefore, definitive preventive measures are imperative.

PubMed, 2017

Background: Operating theatre time management is a constant source of tension among the healthcar... more Background: Operating theatre time management is a constant source of tension among the healthcare professionals responsible for the use of the facility. It is important that all effort should be geared at optimal utilization of available resources and minimization of waste. Aim: To appraise time management, frequency and duration of surgical procedures, frequency and determinants of blood transfusion in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Design of the study: Prospective clinical study. Setting: The University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients who had maxillofacial surgical procedures. Information was collected on number of cases scheduled per list, number of cases done per list, each patient's biodata, time intervals between patient arrival and departure from operating theatre, route and duration of intubation, type of surgical procedure, surgical time, preoperative and postoperative packed cell volume estimations, volume of blood loss and the frequency and volume of blood transfusions. Results: The main points of delay were identified as the patient wait at the theatre reception and in the operating suite before intubation. Mandibulectomy procedures were the longest procedures with approximately five (5) hours, followed by maxillectomy with four (4) hours and maxillofacial trauma with three and a half (3.5) hours. Maxillectomy procedures had highest transfusion probability. The surgical time and the estimated blood loss significantly determined whether a patient would be transfused or not. The nasotracheal was the commonest route of intubation while cleft surgeries were the most frequent procedures performed followed by trauma surgeries. Majority of the patients were not transfused and two units of blood was the most frequent transfused volume for a patient. Conclusion: The main areas of delay have been identified as patients' waiting periods before the surgical procedures. The reasons why these delays occur need to be investigated and addressed to have an optimally functional facility. Reservation of blood for maxillofacial surgical procedures should be based on the anticipated need for blood transfusion for the particular procedure.

PubMed, Dec 1, 2017

Aim: The study presents a case series which evaluates the presentation, management and outcome of... more Aim: The study presents a case series which evaluates the presentation, management and outcome of TMJ dislocation in a tertiary health centre in Nigeria. Materials and methods: Case review of 11 patients with TMJ dislocation seen in the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan over a period of 10 years. The criteria for the diagnosis of TMJ dislocation were based on history, clinical examination and radiologic findings. Results: Mean age of patients was 44.4 years (SD +/-15.9years); age range was 25-65 years with 4 males and 7 females. Aetiology was trauma in 4 cases, wide mouth opening in 6 cases and unknown in a patient. There were 7 acute presentations, 2 recurrences and 2 chronic presentations; bilateral anterior presentation in 10 cases, unilateral (right) anterior presentation in 1 case. 4 of the acute cases were successfully managed using the Hippocrates manoeuvre, 1 had the manoeuvre under GA, and 2 had spontaneous reduction. All recurrent cases were successfully managed with the Hippocrates manoeuvre and IMF. Fifty percent of the chronic cases were successfully managed with the Hippocrates manoeuvre. Follow up was ≤ 2 weeks in 7 of the cases. Conclusion: The pattern of presentation of TMJ dislocation in the above named hospital was anterior dislocation, the female gender predominance, aetiology of wide mouth opening, as well as early presentation. A conservative method of management - the Hippocrates manoeuvre - was effective in most cases irrespective of duration of dislocation. Most patients had a poor attitude to follow up.

Nigerian Dental Journal

Introduction: Anterior teeth are valuable for aesthetics, speech and mastication . Their absence,... more Introduction: Anterior teeth are valuable for aesthetics, speech and mastication . Their absence, impaction and/or delayed eruption create significant distress often leading to early presentation to the dental office. This study presents an audit of the management of impacted anterior teeth that presented at a tertiary level dental clinic. The periodontal outcomes of the aligned teeth were also reported. Methods: This is an observational study spanning a nine-year period. Demographic data, clinical presentation as well as post alignment dental and periodontal status of the impacted teeth were assessed. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Fisher’s exact test and paired samples T-test were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Twenty-eight (1.76%) cases presenting with failed eruption of thirty-two anterior teeth were found during the period under review. Eight patien...

BioMedInformatics, Apr 6, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Anaesthesia, 2021

SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this stu... more SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery wi...

Anaesthesia, 2021

SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critica... more SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was no...

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017

We report a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from heterotopic salivary glands of the subm... more We report a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from heterotopic salivary glands of the submandibular area. The patient was a 55-year-old male who visited our hospital with chief complaint of the mass localised in the submandibular area. MRI showed a well-defined and isolated mass at the posterior portion of the submandibular gland. It was surgically excised under general anaesthesia, which was encapsulated and isolated from the submandibular gland. Pleomorphic adenoma was diagnosed by histological examination. The intraoperative and histological findings suggested that this tumour was arising from heterotopic salivary glands.

The Lancet

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as ind... more Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. Findings In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45•6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84•5 (95% CI 84•1-84•9), which varied between HIC (88•5 [89•0-88•0]), MIC (81•8 [82•5-81•1]), and LIC (66•8 [64•9-68•7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74•6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51•4%) were from HIC, 538 (44•2%) from MIC, and 54 (4•4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3•6% (95% CI 3•0-4•1; p<0•0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4•8% [4•1-5•5]; p<0•0001), MIC (2•8 [2•0-3•7]; p<0•0001), and LIC (3•8 [1•3-6•7%]; p<0•0001) settings. Interpretation The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.

BMC Oral Health, 2021

Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world is unprecedented, posing greater thre... more Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world is unprecedented, posing greater threats to vulnerable healthcare systems, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of dental healthcare providers in Nigeria about the disease and evaluate their responses to the preventive measures necessitated by COVID-19. Methods This was an online self-administered questionnaire-based study conducted among dentists practicing in Nigeria. A message containing the link to the survey was sent widely via social medial platforms and electronic mails to dentists practicing in Nigeria. The data collection was done between the 2nd of June and 3rd of July 2020. Results A total of 314 responses was recorded. Fever was the most specified generalized symptom (97.5%), while the use of masks (100%), hand hygiene (99.7%), social distancing (97.7%) and surface cleaning (99.4%) were the most commonly employed general preventive methods. The main identified risk of tran...

Oral

Oral sex, a risky sexual behaviour, is now a common sexual behaviour in Nigeria. Nigerian clinici... more Oral sex, a risky sexual behaviour, is now a common sexual behaviour in Nigeria. Nigerian clinicians play crucial roles in the promotion of healthy sexual behaviours among the lay public. This study seeks to identify those factors that determine the willingness of Nigerian clinicians to recommend protected oral sex to patients with history of oral sex practice. This study surveyed 330 clinicians in Nigeria, using an e-questionnaire circulated via WhatsApp and Telegram. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 21 software. The majority (89.1%) of the respondents were willing to recommend protected oral sex for patients engaging in oral sex. Amidst all of the factors (sociodemographic factors, sexual history, etc.) investigated, only one factor (which was the uncertainty about the risk level of oral sex) was found to predict the willingness to recommend protective measures to patients on oral sex (OR = 3.06, p = 0.036). In conclusion, only few factors were found to influenc...

Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 2017

Background: Student part-time jobs are employments taken up by students while in school. Students... more Background: Student part-time jobs are employments taken up by students while in school. Students in tertiary institutions do engage in part-time jobs because of the associated benefits. Some of these benefits include work experience, independence, financial support, and job satisfaction. Different studies have reported different attitudes towards taking part-time jobs among university students. Objective: To determine the attitudes of medical students in their first clinical year of study at the University of Ibadan medical school towards taking up parttime medical jobs within the university hospital. Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among medical students in their first clinical year of study. Eighty one first clinical - year medical students were recruited to participate in this study. All participants were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire to obtain information on bio-data, scholarship benefit status, level of satisfaction wi...

Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery/Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery, Jun 19, 2024

BMC oral health, Feb 26, 2024

Background There is a blooming trend in the application of robotic surgery in oral and maxillofac... more Background There is a blooming trend in the application of robotic surgery in oral and maxillofacial care, and different studies had evaluated the quality of life (QoL) outcomes among patients who underwent robotic surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, empirical evidence on the QoL outcomes from these procedures is yet to be mapped. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the available scientific evidence and gaps concerning the QoL outcomes of patients treated with robotic surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region. Methods This study adopted a scoping review design, and it was conducted and reported based on the Arksey and O'Malley, PRISMA-ScR, and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. SCOPUS, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and APA PsycINFO were searched to retrieve relevant literature. Using Rayyan software, the retrieved literature were deduplicated, and screened based on the review's eligibility criteria. Only the eligible articles were included in the review. From the included articles, relevant data were charted, collated, and summarized. Results A total of 123 literature were retrieved from the literature search. After deduplication and screening, only 18 heterogeneous original articles were included in the review. A total of 771 transoral robotic surgeries (TORSs) were reported in these articles, and the TORSs were conducted on patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPC), recurrent tonsillitis, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). In total, 20 different QoL instruments were used in these articles to assess patients' QoL outcomes, and the most used instrument was the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory Questionnaire (MDADI). Physical functions related to swallowing, speech and salivary functions were the most assessed QoL aspects. TORS was reported to result in improved QOL in patients with OPC, OSA, and recurrent tonsillitis, most significantly within the first postoperative year. Notably, the site of the lesion, involvement of neck dissections and the characteristics of the adjuvant therapy seemed to affect the QOL outcome in patients with OPC. Conclusion Compared to the conventional treatment modalities, TORS has demonstrated better QoL, mostly in the domains related to oral functions such as swallowing and speech, among patients treated with such. This improvement was most evident within the initial post-operative year.

Cancer reports, Oct 25, 2023

Health Science Reports

Background and AimsQigong and Tai Chi (QTC) are mind‐body exercises involving a sequence of grace... more Background and AimsQigong and Tai Chi (QTC) are mind‐body exercises involving a sequence of graceful movements, which promote self‐healing, meditation, and self‐cultivation. There is growing evidence that Qigong and/or Tai Chi therapy may improve the physical and psychological health among adults with multiple health conditions including joint movement. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available evidence on the type and effectiveness of QTC therapies used in the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction.MethodsThis systematic review followed the AMSTAR‐2 guideline, and it was reported based on guidelines in the PRISMA checklist. The review involved a systematic search of nine electronic databases. After deduplication and screening of the literature retrieved from the search, only one article was included based on the review's inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from this article and synthesized.ResultsThe only included article was on a non‐randomize...

Medical Journal of Zambia

Background: Orofacial cancers remain a significant health burden globally, especially in the deve... more Background: Orofacial cancers remain a significant health burden globally, especially in the developing countries where the incidence is higher and appears to be increasing. This study aims to document the pattern, management and survivorship of patients with orofacial cancers as seen at a tertiary healthcare facilityin Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who presented at our centre with orofacial cancers in the period between January 2010 and December. Patients' demographics, location of lesion, histopathological diagnosis, treatment given and follow-up events were extracted from the records. Patient with insufficient data for analysis were excluded. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 21. Results: 21,090 patients were seen during the study period and 228 of the 1,029 biopsies done were malignant. The study included 213 patients (121 males and 92 females. mean age 48.2 years) with orofacial cancers. The commonest sites were the jaws (...

Background: There have been several studies on clinical craniometry especially cephalic indices. ... more Background: There have been several studies on clinical craniometry especially cephalic indices. However, reports on the anatomical cranial indices of Nigerian anatomical specimen are scarce in literature. The aim of this study is to add to the body of knowledge on cranial index (CI) of Nigerian skulls as well as review the literature on both Nigerian cranial and cephalic indices. Methods: The skull specimens were placed in Frankfurt plane and standard craniometric measurements were obtained to the nearest millimetre using digital spreading and sliding callipers. The cranial index (CI) was calculated from the maximum cranial length and breadth which was measured using standard anthropometric techniques. Results: Sixty – eight adult skulls of unidentified gender were assessed. The mean CI was 74.1 mm (SD±5.6) and the most common skull type was dolichocephalic. Twenty-three Nigerian articles were identified from the literature search and only three were on anatomical specimens. The me...

African Journal of Oral Health, Nov 11, 2019

Objective: FNAC is a well-established initial investigative tool for head and neck masses due to ... more Objective: FNAC is a well-established initial investigative tool for head and neck masses due to its being cost effective, quick to perform, low associated morbidity, high patient acceptability and high diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to audit the utilization and deployment of FNAC in the management of head and neck masses in our hospital Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients presenting for fine needle aspiration cytology of lesions in the head and neck region at our hospital for fifteen years (from 2008 to 2017). All data were extracted from the FNA clinic records. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 21 and results presented as figures and percentages. Results: During the study period, 3194 patients were seen, 2789 had complete information for analysis. There were 875 males (31.4%) and 1914 females (68.6%). The ages ranged between 1 year and 103 years. Overall mean age was 39.7 + 17.9 years. The commonest site was the anterior neck, accounting for 1323 (47.4%) of the lesions. Cervical lymph nodal swellings accounted for 548 (19.6%)]. Benign lesions constituted 35%. A total of 160 (5.7%) specimens were reported as inconclusive. Malignant lesions had the highest prevalence in the 1-10year age group. There was no complication reported with any of the procedures. Conclusion: FNAC is an established tool for investigating head and neck lesions in our hospital. The practice however needs to be further developed in line with the recommendations of National Institute for Clinical Excellence for improved outcomes.

PubMed, Dec 1, 2014

Background: Walking is the most basic form of mobility and forms an important part of daily activ... more Background: Walking is the most basic form of mobility and forms an important part of daily activities; however, walking could often be associated with risks. This is more so when pedestrians share a common space with motorized vehicles especially in developing countries. Despite the frequency of road traffic crashes (RTC) related pedestrian injuries in many developing countries, there is a dearth of documentation of maxillofacial injuries in victims of pedestrian road traffic crashes. The aim of this study was to determine the causes, frequency, pattern, severity, concomitant injuries and outcome of pedestrian maxillofacial injuries observed at a tertiary trauma centre in Nigeria. Method: Pedestrian victims of RTC were prospectively recruited from among all maxillofacial trauma patients seen at the Accident and Emergency department and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University College Hospital, Ibadan between April 2011 and November 2011. Ethical approval was obtained from the UI/UCH Joint Ethics Review Board before the commencement of the study and informed consent was obtained from participants. Patients' demography, the crash events, types of maxillofacial injuries, and concomitant injuries were recorded. Severity of maxillofacial injury was estimated based on the Maxillofacial Injury Severity Scale (MFISS). Results: Forty-six participants (22.9% of all victims of road traffic crashes seen within the study period) were victims of pedestrian RTC. Pedestrian RTC occurred in all age groups with almost 40% of the victims in their 1st and 2nd decades of life. The most severe MFISS was observed in the 21 - 30 year age group while the least severe injury observed was in the 71 - 80 years age group. Thirty participants (65.2%) were hit by a car or minibus while fourteen (30.4%) were knocked down by a motorcycle. Two (4.4%) were hit by a truck. Soft tissue injury was the most common maxillofacial injury and head injury was the commonest concomitant injury observed. The median MFISS score of victims of motorcycle was 4.0 while the median scores for victims of car/minibus pedestrian RTC was 9.0. The most severe maxillofacial injury was seen in victim of car/minibus pedestrian crashes. Seventeen percent (8) of the victims had a fatal outcome. Conclusion: Pedestrian RTC resulting in maxillofacial injuries are common in the studied environment. It is particularly common among the 11 -20 year age group and victims are usually hit by cars/minibuses. These injuries are often severe and fatal outcome is not infrequent. Therefore, definitive preventive measures are imperative.

PubMed, 2017

Background: Operating theatre time management is a constant source of tension among the healthcar... more Background: Operating theatre time management is a constant source of tension among the healthcare professionals responsible for the use of the facility. It is important that all effort should be geared at optimal utilization of available resources and minimization of waste. Aim: To appraise time management, frequency and duration of surgical procedures, frequency and determinants of blood transfusion in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Design of the study: Prospective clinical study. Setting: The University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients who had maxillofacial surgical procedures. Information was collected on number of cases scheduled per list, number of cases done per list, each patient's biodata, time intervals between patient arrival and departure from operating theatre, route and duration of intubation, type of surgical procedure, surgical time, preoperative and postoperative packed cell volume estimations, volume of blood loss and the frequency and volume of blood transfusions. Results: The main points of delay were identified as the patient wait at the theatre reception and in the operating suite before intubation. Mandibulectomy procedures were the longest procedures with approximately five (5) hours, followed by maxillectomy with four (4) hours and maxillofacial trauma with three and a half (3.5) hours. Maxillectomy procedures had highest transfusion probability. The surgical time and the estimated blood loss significantly determined whether a patient would be transfused or not. The nasotracheal was the commonest route of intubation while cleft surgeries were the most frequent procedures performed followed by trauma surgeries. Majority of the patients were not transfused and two units of blood was the most frequent transfused volume for a patient. Conclusion: The main areas of delay have been identified as patients' waiting periods before the surgical procedures. The reasons why these delays occur need to be investigated and addressed to have an optimally functional facility. Reservation of blood for maxillofacial surgical procedures should be based on the anticipated need for blood transfusion for the particular procedure.

PubMed, Dec 1, 2017

Aim: The study presents a case series which evaluates the presentation, management and outcome of... more Aim: The study presents a case series which evaluates the presentation, management and outcome of TMJ dislocation in a tertiary health centre in Nigeria. Materials and methods: Case review of 11 patients with TMJ dislocation seen in the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan over a period of 10 years. The criteria for the diagnosis of TMJ dislocation were based on history, clinical examination and radiologic findings. Results: Mean age of patients was 44.4 years (SD +/-15.9years); age range was 25-65 years with 4 males and 7 females. Aetiology was trauma in 4 cases, wide mouth opening in 6 cases and unknown in a patient. There were 7 acute presentations, 2 recurrences and 2 chronic presentations; bilateral anterior presentation in 10 cases, unilateral (right) anterior presentation in 1 case. 4 of the acute cases were successfully managed using the Hippocrates manoeuvre, 1 had the manoeuvre under GA, and 2 had spontaneous reduction. All recurrent cases were successfully managed with the Hippocrates manoeuvre and IMF. Fifty percent of the chronic cases were successfully managed with the Hippocrates manoeuvre. Follow up was ≤ 2 weeks in 7 of the cases. Conclusion: The pattern of presentation of TMJ dislocation in the above named hospital was anterior dislocation, the female gender predominance, aetiology of wide mouth opening, as well as early presentation. A conservative method of management - the Hippocrates manoeuvre - was effective in most cases irrespective of duration of dislocation. Most patients had a poor attitude to follow up.

Nigerian Dental Journal

Introduction: Anterior teeth are valuable for aesthetics, speech and mastication . Their absence,... more Introduction: Anterior teeth are valuable for aesthetics, speech and mastication . Their absence, impaction and/or delayed eruption create significant distress often leading to early presentation to the dental office. This study presents an audit of the management of impacted anterior teeth that presented at a tertiary level dental clinic. The periodontal outcomes of the aligned teeth were also reported. Methods: This is an observational study spanning a nine-year period. Demographic data, clinical presentation as well as post alignment dental and periodontal status of the impacted teeth were assessed. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Fisher’s exact test and paired samples T-test were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Twenty-eight (1.76%) cases presenting with failed eruption of thirty-two anterior teeth were found during the period under review. Eight patien...

BioMedInformatics, Apr 6, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Anaesthesia, 2021

SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this stu... more SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery wi...

Anaesthesia, 2021

SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critica... more SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was no...

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017

We report a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from heterotopic salivary glands of the subm... more We report a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from heterotopic salivary glands of the submandibular area. The patient was a 55-year-old male who visited our hospital with chief complaint of the mass localised in the submandibular area. MRI showed a well-defined and isolated mass at the posterior portion of the submandibular gland. It was surgically excised under general anaesthesia, which was encapsulated and isolated from the submandibular gland. Pleomorphic adenoma was diagnosed by histological examination. The intraoperative and histological findings suggested that this tumour was arising from heterotopic salivary glands.

The Lancet

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as ind... more Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. Findings In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45•6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84•5 (95% CI 84•1-84•9), which varied between HIC (88•5 [89•0-88•0]), MIC (81•8 [82•5-81•1]), and LIC (66•8 [64•9-68•7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74•6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51•4%) were from HIC, 538 (44•2%) from MIC, and 54 (4•4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3•6% (95% CI 3•0-4•1; p<0•0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4•8% [4•1-5•5]; p<0•0001), MIC (2•8 [2•0-3•7]; p<0•0001), and LIC (3•8 [1•3-6•7%]; p<0•0001) settings. Interpretation The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.

BMC Oral Health, 2021

Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world is unprecedented, posing greater thre... more Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world is unprecedented, posing greater threats to vulnerable healthcare systems, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of dental healthcare providers in Nigeria about the disease and evaluate their responses to the preventive measures necessitated by COVID-19. Methods This was an online self-administered questionnaire-based study conducted among dentists practicing in Nigeria. A message containing the link to the survey was sent widely via social medial platforms and electronic mails to dentists practicing in Nigeria. The data collection was done between the 2nd of June and 3rd of July 2020. Results A total of 314 responses was recorded. Fever was the most specified generalized symptom (97.5%), while the use of masks (100%), hand hygiene (99.7%), social distancing (97.7%) and surface cleaning (99.4%) were the most commonly employed general preventive methods. The main identified risk of tran...

Oral

Oral sex, a risky sexual behaviour, is now a common sexual behaviour in Nigeria. Nigerian clinici... more Oral sex, a risky sexual behaviour, is now a common sexual behaviour in Nigeria. Nigerian clinicians play crucial roles in the promotion of healthy sexual behaviours among the lay public. This study seeks to identify those factors that determine the willingness of Nigerian clinicians to recommend protected oral sex to patients with history of oral sex practice. This study surveyed 330 clinicians in Nigeria, using an e-questionnaire circulated via WhatsApp and Telegram. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 21 software. The majority (89.1%) of the respondents were willing to recommend protected oral sex for patients engaging in oral sex. Amidst all of the factors (sociodemographic factors, sexual history, etc.) investigated, only one factor (which was the uncertainty about the risk level of oral sex) was found to predict the willingness to recommend protective measures to patients on oral sex (OR = 3.06, p = 0.036). In conclusion, only few factors were found to influenc...

Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 2017

Background: Student part-time jobs are employments taken up by students while in school. Students... more Background: Student part-time jobs are employments taken up by students while in school. Students in tertiary institutions do engage in part-time jobs because of the associated benefits. Some of these benefits include work experience, independence, financial support, and job satisfaction. Different studies have reported different attitudes towards taking part-time jobs among university students. Objective: To determine the attitudes of medical students in their first clinical year of study at the University of Ibadan medical school towards taking up parttime medical jobs within the university hospital. Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among medical students in their first clinical year of study. Eighty one first clinical - year medical students were recruited to participate in this study. All participants were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire to obtain information on bio-data, scholarship benefit status, level of satisfaction wi...