Rejane Tubino - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rejane Tubino
Journal of Environmental Management, Sep 1, 2019
Environmental licensing is a command-and-control (C&C) instrument used at the state level in Braz... more Environmental licensing is a command-and-control (C&C) instrument used at the state level in Brazil to enforce compliance with legal requirements and environmental standards; however, it does not encourage continuous improvement. The objective of this paper is to propose a methodology that can be used as a licensing and monitoring policy for industrial activities, based on both command and control and economic instruments. Therefore, the development of a matrix to measure the environmental performance of companies is proposed so as to include mandatory compliance requirements, environmental management requirements and continuous improvement indicators. Performance assessment could be used by the environmental agency as a tool to support environmental management policy change by working with environmental incentives for better-performing companies. The results obtained with the matrix will demonstrate exactly what the theory describes: in an environment where the control imposed to the entrepreneur is by the attendance of a legislative standard and not the demonstration of continuous improvement, there is no evolution of the environmental performance over the 3-year period of the companies. Consequently, the inclusion of a tool to assess environmental performance constitutes a requirement for the environmental evolution of the country.
Mix Sustentável, Nov 14, 2019
Resíduos da Construção e Demolição (CDW) estão entre os mais gerados em vários países, resultando... more Resíduos da Construção e Demolição (CDW) estão entre os mais gerados em vários países, resultando em uma preocupação com este tipo de resíduo. Vários estudos são realizados com o CDW, muitos deles com o objetivo de avaliar a realidade técnica, econômica, social e ambiental de uma região, cidade ou país. Para este fim, é importante aplicar métodos estatísticos que apresentem representatividade da amostra. O trabalho tem como objetivo identificar um conjunto de amostras representativas de RCD brasileiro, para estudos que visam sua aplicação com substituição do agregado natural pelo reciclado. Foi utilizado o projeto fatorial 2k em conjunto com a divisão de materiais de interesse em quartis. Três conjuntos de amostras foram definidos, fixando dois tipos de materiais, de acordo com o planejamento fatorial 2k, seguido da definição dos terceiros valores. Como resultado, foi possível identificar a aplicabilidade da união dos métodos estatísticos, o que resultou em 16 amostras. Os três conjuntos de amostras avaliadas puderam ser aplicados. No entanto, a determinação dos valores de argamassa e concreto, seguida da determinação dos valores da cerâmica foi a mais adequada.
Resumo A grande quantidade de metais existentes em alguns tipos de resíduos industriais e sucatas... more Resumo A grande quantidade de metais existentes em alguns tipos de resíduos industriais e sucatas de equipamentos eletrônicos tem levado à busca de novos e mais eficientes métodos de reciclagem destes metais. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o potencial de utilização de resíduos da indústria de galvanização a fogo para recuperação cruzada de metais, diminuindo a utilização de reagentes e possibilitando a geração de um número maior de produtos numa mesma operação. Ensaios foram realizados com quatro tipos de resíduos deste tipo de galvanização, através de soluções sintéticas de sulfato de cobre e acetato de chumbo, visando verificar o potencial do uso de resíduos da galvanização a fogo para recuperação de cobre e chumbo convenientemente solubilizados a partir de resíduos industriais ou eletrônicos. Os resultados mostraram que dois tipos de resíduos da galvanização à fogo tem potencial significativo para uso na recuperação cruzada de metais.
Tecnologia em Metalurgia e Materiais, 2009
Uma das tecnologias de prevenção da geração da Drenagem Ácida de Minas (DAM) é o método de aditiv... more Uma das tecnologias de prevenção da geração da Drenagem Ácida de Minas (DAM) é o método de aditivos alcalinos. A alcalinidade impede as reações de oxidação da pirita, evitando a geração de acidez e a solubilização de metais em meio aquoso. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o uso de escória do forno panela de aciaria elétrica como aditivo alcalino para o controle da geração de DAM. O rejeito de carvão foi obtido em uma mina de carvão do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e a escória foi fornecida por uma usina siderúrgica semi-integrada. Inicialmente, caracterizaram-se os materiais pelo método de contabilização de ácidos e bases. Após, realizaram-se ensaios cinéticos em células úmidas pelo método ASTM D 5744-96. A qualidade da água de percolação nas células úmidas foi analisada em termos de pH, Eh e concentração de metais e sulfatos. Os resultados demonstram que a DAM pode ser evitada pela mistura do rejeito de carvão com a escória em uma proporção de 3:1. Pode-se concluir que a disposição conjunta de escória de aciaria com rejeito de carvão é uma alternativa viável para o controle da geração de DAM em minerações de carvão.
Applied sciences, Jul 26, 2019
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of additives in producing foamed concret... more The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of additives in producing foamed concrete blocks, which were made by totally replacing natural sand with civil construction waste (CCW). The concrete blocks were developed in accordance with an experimental design that used the complete factorial statistical method, for which three factors with different levels were considered: cement type (CP-V, CP II-Z, and CP II-F); use of additive (without additive, plasticizer, air entrainment, and superplasticizer) and foam amount (5.7%, 7.7%, and 9.5% of the total mass). The influence of each factor and the interactions between them were assessed on the following response variables: compressive strength, dry and saturated density, air voids, water absorption, and thermal conductivity. The results show that all factors had a significant influence on the variable response. For example, the use of the superplasticizer additive resulted in higher compressive strength, lower density, lower air void, and lower thermal conductivity. Finally, the use of additives had little influence on the response variables in relation to the other factors.
Resumo Os rejeitos gerados na mineração de carvão, sob condições atmosféricas e a possível presen... more Resumo Os rejeitos gerados na mineração de carvão, sob condições atmosféricas e a possível presença de bactérias acidofílicas proporcionam a oxidação primária do sulfeto de ferro, formando sulfatos e ácido sulfúrico. Com a redução do pH da água, ocorre a mobilização de metais contidos no material, gerando a drenagem ácida de mina (DAM). A DAM causa um impacto nocivo na qualidade da água superficial ou subterrânea. Uma das tecnologias de prevenção da geração da DAM consiste no método de aditivos alcalinos. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o controle da DAM pela mistura de rejeito de carvão com escória de aciaria elétrica do forno panela. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se nos ensaios estáticos e ensaios cinéticos. Os resultados demonstram que o rejeito de carvão gera DAM. Contudo os problemas ambientais podem ser em grande parte resolvidos pela mistura do rejeito com a escória na proporção acima de 10:10. Os ensaios cinéticos demonstram que, nessa condição, ocorre aumento do pH e redução do potencial redox e sulfatos na água lixiviada. Desta forma, a disposição conjunta de escória de aciaria elétrica do forno panela com rejeito de carvão é uma alternativa viável para o controle da geração de DAM em minerações de carvão. Palavras-chave: Drenagem ácida de mina; Escória de aciaria; Mineração de carvão
Resumo A presença de elementos residuais nas sucatas ferrosas pode influenciar a qualidade do aço... more Resumo A presença de elementos residuais nas sucatas ferrosas pode influenciar a qualidade do aço produzido na aciaria elétrica. Além disto, o cloro existente nos materiais orgânicos que acompanham as sucatas leva a problemas de ordem ambiental. Por este motivo, o acompanhamento destes contaminantes através de métodos de amostragem de sucata se torna uma tarefa importante na aciaria elétrica. Neste trabalho são apresentados alguns procedimentos de amostragem de sucata, bem como uma análise comparativa de sucatas processadas por moinhos do tipo shredder e sucatas sem processamento. Os resultados mostraram um aumento da densidade e a redução do teor de contaminantes (matéria orgânica, alumínio e aço inox) para a sucata processada por shredder em comparação com a sucata sem processamento. Complementando, é apresentado um perfil da concentração de cloro em diversos materiais orgânicos comumentemente encontrados nas sucatas.
REM - International Engineering Journal, Jun 1, 2020
If not managed properly, mining waste can be detrimental to the environment. In addition, sewage ... more If not managed properly, mining waste can be detrimental to the environment. In addition, sewage treatment plants produce sludge, a biowaste rich in organic matter which is often sent to landfills. The present study evaluated the use of sewage sludge as an amendment for mine waste from a basalt quarry as an alternative to the use of soil from borrow areas during environmental restoration. An ex situ experiment was developed at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS. The experimental delineation compared the addition of two sources of organic matter (sewage sludge-SS and cover soil from that same region-CS) to basalt waste rock (BWR) against the sole use of cover soil, which a current restoration technique. The graminoid Avena strigosa (black oats) and soil fertility tests were used as indicators of soil conditions. Amending BWR with SS led to the best physical and chemical conditions and the highest production of dry matter in comparison to the use of CS as amendment or its single use as cover soil. These results show that mixing SS to BWR can be used as a substitute for cover soil during the environmental restoration of basalt quarries, further contributing to the final disposal of these materials.
Revista AIDIS de ingeniería y ciencias ambientales, Apr 6, 2021
The construction activities generate representative amount of Construction and Demolition Waste (... more The construction activities generate representative amount of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) around the world. Brazilian City Halls collected about 45 million tons/year. CDW recycling plants needs to be economically viable. The characteristics of recycling plants and future expectations vary around the world. Thus, the cost analysis needs to be adapted to the local reality and future scenarios should be evaluated. In this context, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the CDW recycling plant costs in Brazil. Two scenarios are tested, actual Scenario (1) and future Scenario (2), with air jig. Four steps are performed: literature review, inventory of the inputs, economic indicators analysis, and sensitivity analysis of alternative solutions. The results suggest that both scenarios do not reach positive economic indicators (IRR, NPV and Payback). The Fixed Costs are the main influence on the results, mainly due to the acquisition of Equipment. The Variable Costs represent, in Scenario 1 and 2, 18% and 10% of their Total Fixed Costs, respectively. Scenario 1, however, has possible conversion into positive IRR easier than for Scenario 2, once the Air Jig influence significantly in the increment of costs. A Government subsidy tested would not make the CDW Recycling Scenarios economically attractive. Only Scenario 1 can achieve positive results, however without the acquisition costs of Land, Equipment and Vehicles. Counterparts with the City Hall, in exchange for the supply of these inputs, would not influence the positive results. The use of new technologies maybe will be possible after the recycled aggregate market is consolidated in Brazil.
IOP conference series, Aug 1, 2019
Important amounts of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are currently generated in several ... more Important amounts of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are currently generated in several countries. Considering the correct management of this kind of residue, and the search for its noblest use, several studies have focused on the environmental potential impacts from CDW management. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is often used to investigate the potential environmental impacts over the life cycle of a product, thus becoming an important tool to support decision-making. CDW recycling process produces coarse, fine and mix aggregate as outputs, characterizing a multifunctional process. But, how CDW's LCA should be run, considering a circular and more sustainable built environment? Thus, the objective of this work is to explore the basic premises in proposing a product system for the CDW recycling process in Brazil. For this, data available in the literature on the recycling process in Brazil and in other countries support the definition of the product system. The complexity of this management option is explored, considering how the use of the recycled materials interfere in the scope, objective, unit function and other modelling choices, as well as reliability of CDW studies. Finally, the datasets provided by Ecoinvent are examined in order to promote debate on data adaptation, followed by remarks on the most appropriate choices on allocation in the CDW LCA. The cutoff system modelling associated with the new perspective on the avoided burden approach is concluded by the authors to be the most suitable for this waste recycling multifunctional processes. Understanding system models is key. When no inventory adaptation is intended, available inventory datasets are more advisable to be used when performing end of life scenarios only, once burdens differ according to countries management scenarios, as well as life cycle inventory approaches.
Materials Research-ibero-american Journal of Materials, Dec 1, 2008
The use of waste fibers for the reinforcement of brittle matrices is considered opportune for the... more The use of waste fibers for the reinforcement of brittle matrices is considered opportune for the sustainable management of urban solid residues. This paper examines the microstructure and mechanical properties of a composite material made of gypsum reinforced with cellulose fibers from discarded Kraft cement bag. Two different kinds of gypsum were used, natural gypsum (NG) and recycled gypsum (RG), both with an addition of 10% by mass of limestone. For the production of samples, slurry vacuum de-watering technique followed by pressing was evaluated revealing to be an efficient and innovative solution for the composites under evaluation. The composite was analyzed based on flexural strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, secondary electron (SE) detection, and pseudo-adiabatic calorimetry. The morphology of the fractured surfaces of flexural test samples revealed large gypsum crystals double the original size surrounding the fibers, but with the same overall aspect ratio. Natural fibers absorb large amounts of water, causing the water/gypsum ratio of the paste to increase. The predominance of fiber pullout, damaged or removed secondary layers and incrusted crystals are indicative of the good bonding of the fiber to the gypsum matrix and of the high mechanical resistance of composites. This material is a technically better substitute for the brittle gypsum board, and it stands out particularly for its characteristics of high impact strength and high modulus of rupture.
Revista AIDIS de ingeniería y ciencias ambientales, Aug 6, 2022
Macrophytes proliferation problem is worldwide know resulting in impacts on natural environment, ... more Macrophytes proliferation problem is worldwide know resulting in impacts on natural environment, human health and economic activities. These organisms have several parameters resilience, which ensures high rate of reproduction and proliferation, hindering their management. As a management difficulty consequence, however, solutions are sought to disposal this large amount of macrophytes, such as composting and fertilizer production. Thus, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review in Scientific Platforms Science Direct and Scopus, identifying current status of macrophytes composting process, main methods, analyses and results obtained, in order to contribute in innovation studies to convert this type of weed into fertilizer. The general words source in titles, summary, or keywords specified by author were "Macrophyte" or "water hyacinth" and "compost" or "composting". Only articles dating from the last 20 years were maintained. Macrophyte composting process interest is addressed around the world because of their potential environmental, economic and social impacts, mainly for Eichhornia crassipes. Natural aeration predominates (56%) with composting time equal to or less than 60 days. Humidity control is essential (around 60%) like macrophytes dehydration prior to the composting process beginning. The significant quantity cellulose requires previous comminution and/or the cellulose-degrading inoculants addition. Composting process operational parameters are not standardized. Micro and macro nutrients richness can be considered for next evolutionary composting studies stage for this plant type, either by organic matter sources characteristics and/or mineral sources addition.
Revista AIDIS de ingeniería y ciencias ambientales, Aug 6, 2022
This study presents results of systematic socioenvironmental education as a tool for the manageme... more This study presents results of systematic socioenvironmental education as a tool for the management and recovery of solid waste. This tool was developed through an agreement between Enviromental Studies Laboratory (LEAMet/UFRGS)and Secretariats of Environment (SEMAM) and Education (SMED) from Novo Hamburgo (NH), to enable projects contained in the Municipal Plan for Integrated Management of Solid Waste (PMGIR) and implement socio-educational programs, promoting the reduction of waste in the common and/or selective collection of NH. This work aims to raise awareness, organize, guide and facilitate field practices for waste management and development of projects and socio-environmental education good practices. The methodology begins with the registration of schools for pedagogical actions, preparation of an action plan, composting workshops and recording activities in a field diary. Data collection and content production were carried out through Action Research. The activities carried out correspond to the socio-environmental education and composting workshops, facing the school community (students, parents, teachers and employees) and the educating collective. Trained schools received sets of composting boxes, donated by SEMAM. 57 schools in this municipality participated in the training workshops and received composting boxes and 1747 people were trained and sensitized. It is understood that this initiative has been a successful prototype of this type of program and that it can be replicated to other schools and even to other municipalities.
Resumo O processo de galvanização a zinco utiliza como principal passivante o metal cromo na sua ... more Resumo O processo de galvanização a zinco utiliza como principal passivante o metal cromo na sua forma hexavalente. O presente trabalho estuda a remoção por zeólitas do íon cromo (VI) do efluente de uma indústria metalúrgica. Devido a grande concentração de Cr (VI) na amostra, primeiramente foi realizada uma redução deste metal utilizando metabissulfito de sódio, que é o agente redutor e de precipitação ideal para efluentes contendo concentrações de Cr(VI) acima de 100 mg L-1. Em concentrações menores o precipitado apresenta baixa cinética de sedimentação, necessitando de um polimento com um tratamento terciário. Este estudo foi realizado em coluna de leito fixo contendo zeólitas, onde foram filtradas soluções com concentrações de Cr(VI) variando de 0,5 a 10 mg L-1. O efluente tratado foi aplicado no topo da coluna e retirado pelo fundo. A partir dos dados de adsorção foram calculados as isotermas de adsorção (Langmuir e Freundlich). O modelo de Langmuir obtido mostrou-se significativo e preditivo com 97,93% de confiabilidade. A capacidade máxima da zeólita em remover cromo (VI) foi estimada em 0,02 mg de Cr(VI) g-1 de zeólita. Palavras-chave: Adsorção; Cromo hexavalente; Zeólita; Leito fixo.
Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013
Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil (comprising the Paraná, Santa Catarin... more Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil (comprising the Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul states) has been occurring since the beginning of the twentieth century. Regarding the Santa Catarina coalfields, about 60%-65% of the ROM coal is discharged at dump deposits as waste. These wastes can lead to the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD), a source of ground and surface water pollution. One of the technologies used for preventing AMD consists of the alkaline additive method. Thus, the aim of this work was to study, at laboratory scale, the DAM control by blending coal waste with a metallurgical slag. A coal-tailing sample was collected from a coal mine, and the slag was obtained from a semi-integrated steel plant. Static tests were carried out by the acid-base account method to determine the balance between the acid-producing and acid-consuming (neutralizing) mineral components of the samples. Kinetic tests were conducted in humidity cells, following the ASTM D 5744-96 method, for a period of 80 weeks. The results showed that the coal tailing generates AMD. However, environmental problems can be minimized by mixing the coal waste with the metallurgical slag in 1:1 or 1:1.5 proportions. The kinetic experiments proved that, in this condition, the lixiviation presents a higher pH and a lower concentration of acidity, metals, and sulfate. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the blending slag in coal tailing deposits can be a viable alternative for DAM control in coal mining.
Journal of Environmental Management, Oct 1, 2021
hazardous construction and demolition waste by 2020. This study evaluated the performance of the ... more hazardous construction and demolition waste by 2020. This study evaluated the performance of the Finnish waste management system against this target. The results showed that the system generates environmental benefits and is profitable, but has not reached the 70% target. The researchers suggest ways the target could be met and recommend region-specific recycling objectives in the EU. Europe produces a considerable amount of construction and demolition waste (C&DW). It is one of the largest-and heaviest-waste streams generated in the EU, accounting for approximately 30% of all waste. In 2006 alone, around 970 million tonnes were produced. There is high potential for recycling of this waste, as its constituents include concrete, bricks, wood, glass and plastics, many of which have high resource value. C&DW has thus become an important target of waste policy in Europe.
Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais, Feb 1, 2015
Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil has been occurring since the beginnin... more Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil has been occurring since the beginning of the twentieth century. Due to the geological characteristics of the region, large amounts of solid wastes are generated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of coal waste to produce concrete paving blocks. A procedure to process the coal waste with the purpose of reducing the sulfur content and changing the particle size distribution of the material to meet the specification of fine aggregates was developed. The methodology considered the following steps: (a) sampling of a coal mining waste; (b) gravity separation of the fraction with specific gravity between 2.4 and 2.8; (c) comminution of the material and particle size analysis; (d) technological characterization of the material and production of concrete paving blocks; and (e) acidity generation prediction (environmental feasibility). The results showed that the coal waste considered in this work can be used to replace conventional sand as a fine aggregate for concrete paving blocks in a proportion of up to 50%. This practice can result in cleaner coal production and reduce the demand for exploitation of sand deposits.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Feb 1, 2008
The aim of the present work is to study plaster residues produced in industries in Goiás State (B... more The aim of the present work is to study plaster residues produced in industries in Goiás State (Brazil). The study analyzes the trituration and dehydrating processes of the plaster and compares its chemical, mechanical and physical characteristics to the natural plaster samples aiming its possible recycling. Plaster samples were submitted to X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. By the comparison of the results obtained for both samples it was observed that they have similar chemical characteristics. No reason was found against the use of recycled plaster.
Journal of Environmental Management, Sep 1, 2019
Environmental licensing is a command-and-control (C&C) instrument used at the state level in Braz... more Environmental licensing is a command-and-control (C&C) instrument used at the state level in Brazil to enforce compliance with legal requirements and environmental standards; however, it does not encourage continuous improvement. The objective of this paper is to propose a methodology that can be used as a licensing and monitoring policy for industrial activities, based on both command and control and economic instruments. Therefore, the development of a matrix to measure the environmental performance of companies is proposed so as to include mandatory compliance requirements, environmental management requirements and continuous improvement indicators. Performance assessment could be used by the environmental agency as a tool to support environmental management policy change by working with environmental incentives for better-performing companies. The results obtained with the matrix will demonstrate exactly what the theory describes: in an environment where the control imposed to the entrepreneur is by the attendance of a legislative standard and not the demonstration of continuous improvement, there is no evolution of the environmental performance over the 3-year period of the companies. Consequently, the inclusion of a tool to assess environmental performance constitutes a requirement for the environmental evolution of the country.
Mix Sustentável, Nov 14, 2019
Resíduos da Construção e Demolição (CDW) estão entre os mais gerados em vários países, resultando... more Resíduos da Construção e Demolição (CDW) estão entre os mais gerados em vários países, resultando em uma preocupação com este tipo de resíduo. Vários estudos são realizados com o CDW, muitos deles com o objetivo de avaliar a realidade técnica, econômica, social e ambiental de uma região, cidade ou país. Para este fim, é importante aplicar métodos estatísticos que apresentem representatividade da amostra. O trabalho tem como objetivo identificar um conjunto de amostras representativas de RCD brasileiro, para estudos que visam sua aplicação com substituição do agregado natural pelo reciclado. Foi utilizado o projeto fatorial 2k em conjunto com a divisão de materiais de interesse em quartis. Três conjuntos de amostras foram definidos, fixando dois tipos de materiais, de acordo com o planejamento fatorial 2k, seguido da definição dos terceiros valores. Como resultado, foi possível identificar a aplicabilidade da união dos métodos estatísticos, o que resultou em 16 amostras. Os três conjuntos de amostras avaliadas puderam ser aplicados. No entanto, a determinação dos valores de argamassa e concreto, seguida da determinação dos valores da cerâmica foi a mais adequada.
Resumo A grande quantidade de metais existentes em alguns tipos de resíduos industriais e sucatas... more Resumo A grande quantidade de metais existentes em alguns tipos de resíduos industriais e sucatas de equipamentos eletrônicos tem levado à busca de novos e mais eficientes métodos de reciclagem destes metais. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o potencial de utilização de resíduos da indústria de galvanização a fogo para recuperação cruzada de metais, diminuindo a utilização de reagentes e possibilitando a geração de um número maior de produtos numa mesma operação. Ensaios foram realizados com quatro tipos de resíduos deste tipo de galvanização, através de soluções sintéticas de sulfato de cobre e acetato de chumbo, visando verificar o potencial do uso de resíduos da galvanização a fogo para recuperação de cobre e chumbo convenientemente solubilizados a partir de resíduos industriais ou eletrônicos. Os resultados mostraram que dois tipos de resíduos da galvanização à fogo tem potencial significativo para uso na recuperação cruzada de metais.
Tecnologia em Metalurgia e Materiais, 2009
Uma das tecnologias de prevenção da geração da Drenagem Ácida de Minas (DAM) é o método de aditiv... more Uma das tecnologias de prevenção da geração da Drenagem Ácida de Minas (DAM) é o método de aditivos alcalinos. A alcalinidade impede as reações de oxidação da pirita, evitando a geração de acidez e a solubilização de metais em meio aquoso. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o uso de escória do forno panela de aciaria elétrica como aditivo alcalino para o controle da geração de DAM. O rejeito de carvão foi obtido em uma mina de carvão do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e a escória foi fornecida por uma usina siderúrgica semi-integrada. Inicialmente, caracterizaram-se os materiais pelo método de contabilização de ácidos e bases. Após, realizaram-se ensaios cinéticos em células úmidas pelo método ASTM D 5744-96. A qualidade da água de percolação nas células úmidas foi analisada em termos de pH, Eh e concentração de metais e sulfatos. Os resultados demonstram que a DAM pode ser evitada pela mistura do rejeito de carvão com a escória em uma proporção de 3:1. Pode-se concluir que a disposição conjunta de escória de aciaria com rejeito de carvão é uma alternativa viável para o controle da geração de DAM em minerações de carvão.
Applied sciences, Jul 26, 2019
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of additives in producing foamed concret... more The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of additives in producing foamed concrete blocks, which were made by totally replacing natural sand with civil construction waste (CCW). The concrete blocks were developed in accordance with an experimental design that used the complete factorial statistical method, for which three factors with different levels were considered: cement type (CP-V, CP II-Z, and CP II-F); use of additive (without additive, plasticizer, air entrainment, and superplasticizer) and foam amount (5.7%, 7.7%, and 9.5% of the total mass). The influence of each factor and the interactions between them were assessed on the following response variables: compressive strength, dry and saturated density, air voids, water absorption, and thermal conductivity. The results show that all factors had a significant influence on the variable response. For example, the use of the superplasticizer additive resulted in higher compressive strength, lower density, lower air void, and lower thermal conductivity. Finally, the use of additives had little influence on the response variables in relation to the other factors.
Resumo Os rejeitos gerados na mineração de carvão, sob condições atmosféricas e a possível presen... more Resumo Os rejeitos gerados na mineração de carvão, sob condições atmosféricas e a possível presença de bactérias acidofílicas proporcionam a oxidação primária do sulfeto de ferro, formando sulfatos e ácido sulfúrico. Com a redução do pH da água, ocorre a mobilização de metais contidos no material, gerando a drenagem ácida de mina (DAM). A DAM causa um impacto nocivo na qualidade da água superficial ou subterrânea. Uma das tecnologias de prevenção da geração da DAM consiste no método de aditivos alcalinos. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o controle da DAM pela mistura de rejeito de carvão com escória de aciaria elétrica do forno panela. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se nos ensaios estáticos e ensaios cinéticos. Os resultados demonstram que o rejeito de carvão gera DAM. Contudo os problemas ambientais podem ser em grande parte resolvidos pela mistura do rejeito com a escória na proporção acima de 10:10. Os ensaios cinéticos demonstram que, nessa condição, ocorre aumento do pH e redução do potencial redox e sulfatos na água lixiviada. Desta forma, a disposição conjunta de escória de aciaria elétrica do forno panela com rejeito de carvão é uma alternativa viável para o controle da geração de DAM em minerações de carvão. Palavras-chave: Drenagem ácida de mina; Escória de aciaria; Mineração de carvão
Resumo A presença de elementos residuais nas sucatas ferrosas pode influenciar a qualidade do aço... more Resumo A presença de elementos residuais nas sucatas ferrosas pode influenciar a qualidade do aço produzido na aciaria elétrica. Além disto, o cloro existente nos materiais orgânicos que acompanham as sucatas leva a problemas de ordem ambiental. Por este motivo, o acompanhamento destes contaminantes através de métodos de amostragem de sucata se torna uma tarefa importante na aciaria elétrica. Neste trabalho são apresentados alguns procedimentos de amostragem de sucata, bem como uma análise comparativa de sucatas processadas por moinhos do tipo shredder e sucatas sem processamento. Os resultados mostraram um aumento da densidade e a redução do teor de contaminantes (matéria orgânica, alumínio e aço inox) para a sucata processada por shredder em comparação com a sucata sem processamento. Complementando, é apresentado um perfil da concentração de cloro em diversos materiais orgânicos comumentemente encontrados nas sucatas.
REM - International Engineering Journal, Jun 1, 2020
If not managed properly, mining waste can be detrimental to the environment. In addition, sewage ... more If not managed properly, mining waste can be detrimental to the environment. In addition, sewage treatment plants produce sludge, a biowaste rich in organic matter which is often sent to landfills. The present study evaluated the use of sewage sludge as an amendment for mine waste from a basalt quarry as an alternative to the use of soil from borrow areas during environmental restoration. An ex situ experiment was developed at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS. The experimental delineation compared the addition of two sources of organic matter (sewage sludge-SS and cover soil from that same region-CS) to basalt waste rock (BWR) against the sole use of cover soil, which a current restoration technique. The graminoid Avena strigosa (black oats) and soil fertility tests were used as indicators of soil conditions. Amending BWR with SS led to the best physical and chemical conditions and the highest production of dry matter in comparison to the use of CS as amendment or its single use as cover soil. These results show that mixing SS to BWR can be used as a substitute for cover soil during the environmental restoration of basalt quarries, further contributing to the final disposal of these materials.
Revista AIDIS de ingeniería y ciencias ambientales, Apr 6, 2021
The construction activities generate representative amount of Construction and Demolition Waste (... more The construction activities generate representative amount of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) around the world. Brazilian City Halls collected about 45 million tons/year. CDW recycling plants needs to be economically viable. The characteristics of recycling plants and future expectations vary around the world. Thus, the cost analysis needs to be adapted to the local reality and future scenarios should be evaluated. In this context, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the CDW recycling plant costs in Brazil. Two scenarios are tested, actual Scenario (1) and future Scenario (2), with air jig. Four steps are performed: literature review, inventory of the inputs, economic indicators analysis, and sensitivity analysis of alternative solutions. The results suggest that both scenarios do not reach positive economic indicators (IRR, NPV and Payback). The Fixed Costs are the main influence on the results, mainly due to the acquisition of Equipment. The Variable Costs represent, in Scenario 1 and 2, 18% and 10% of their Total Fixed Costs, respectively. Scenario 1, however, has possible conversion into positive IRR easier than for Scenario 2, once the Air Jig influence significantly in the increment of costs. A Government subsidy tested would not make the CDW Recycling Scenarios economically attractive. Only Scenario 1 can achieve positive results, however without the acquisition costs of Land, Equipment and Vehicles. Counterparts with the City Hall, in exchange for the supply of these inputs, would not influence the positive results. The use of new technologies maybe will be possible after the recycled aggregate market is consolidated in Brazil.
IOP conference series, Aug 1, 2019
Important amounts of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are currently generated in several ... more Important amounts of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are currently generated in several countries. Considering the correct management of this kind of residue, and the search for its noblest use, several studies have focused on the environmental potential impacts from CDW management. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is often used to investigate the potential environmental impacts over the life cycle of a product, thus becoming an important tool to support decision-making. CDW recycling process produces coarse, fine and mix aggregate as outputs, characterizing a multifunctional process. But, how CDW's LCA should be run, considering a circular and more sustainable built environment? Thus, the objective of this work is to explore the basic premises in proposing a product system for the CDW recycling process in Brazil. For this, data available in the literature on the recycling process in Brazil and in other countries support the definition of the product system. The complexity of this management option is explored, considering how the use of the recycled materials interfere in the scope, objective, unit function and other modelling choices, as well as reliability of CDW studies. Finally, the datasets provided by Ecoinvent are examined in order to promote debate on data adaptation, followed by remarks on the most appropriate choices on allocation in the CDW LCA. The cutoff system modelling associated with the new perspective on the avoided burden approach is concluded by the authors to be the most suitable for this waste recycling multifunctional processes. Understanding system models is key. When no inventory adaptation is intended, available inventory datasets are more advisable to be used when performing end of life scenarios only, once burdens differ according to countries management scenarios, as well as life cycle inventory approaches.
Materials Research-ibero-american Journal of Materials, Dec 1, 2008
The use of waste fibers for the reinforcement of brittle matrices is considered opportune for the... more The use of waste fibers for the reinforcement of brittle matrices is considered opportune for the sustainable management of urban solid residues. This paper examines the microstructure and mechanical properties of a composite material made of gypsum reinforced with cellulose fibers from discarded Kraft cement bag. Two different kinds of gypsum were used, natural gypsum (NG) and recycled gypsum (RG), both with an addition of 10% by mass of limestone. For the production of samples, slurry vacuum de-watering technique followed by pressing was evaluated revealing to be an efficient and innovative solution for the composites under evaluation. The composite was analyzed based on flexural strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, secondary electron (SE) detection, and pseudo-adiabatic calorimetry. The morphology of the fractured surfaces of flexural test samples revealed large gypsum crystals double the original size surrounding the fibers, but with the same overall aspect ratio. Natural fibers absorb large amounts of water, causing the water/gypsum ratio of the paste to increase. The predominance of fiber pullout, damaged or removed secondary layers and incrusted crystals are indicative of the good bonding of the fiber to the gypsum matrix and of the high mechanical resistance of composites. This material is a technically better substitute for the brittle gypsum board, and it stands out particularly for its characteristics of high impact strength and high modulus of rupture.
Revista AIDIS de ingeniería y ciencias ambientales, Aug 6, 2022
Macrophytes proliferation problem is worldwide know resulting in impacts on natural environment, ... more Macrophytes proliferation problem is worldwide know resulting in impacts on natural environment, human health and economic activities. These organisms have several parameters resilience, which ensures high rate of reproduction and proliferation, hindering their management. As a management difficulty consequence, however, solutions are sought to disposal this large amount of macrophytes, such as composting and fertilizer production. Thus, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review in Scientific Platforms Science Direct and Scopus, identifying current status of macrophytes composting process, main methods, analyses and results obtained, in order to contribute in innovation studies to convert this type of weed into fertilizer. The general words source in titles, summary, or keywords specified by author were "Macrophyte" or "water hyacinth" and "compost" or "composting". Only articles dating from the last 20 years were maintained. Macrophyte composting process interest is addressed around the world because of their potential environmental, economic and social impacts, mainly for Eichhornia crassipes. Natural aeration predominates (56%) with composting time equal to or less than 60 days. Humidity control is essential (around 60%) like macrophytes dehydration prior to the composting process beginning. The significant quantity cellulose requires previous comminution and/or the cellulose-degrading inoculants addition. Composting process operational parameters are not standardized. Micro and macro nutrients richness can be considered for next evolutionary composting studies stage for this plant type, either by organic matter sources characteristics and/or mineral sources addition.
Revista AIDIS de ingeniería y ciencias ambientales, Aug 6, 2022
This study presents results of systematic socioenvironmental education as a tool for the manageme... more This study presents results of systematic socioenvironmental education as a tool for the management and recovery of solid waste. This tool was developed through an agreement between Enviromental Studies Laboratory (LEAMet/UFRGS)and Secretariats of Environment (SEMAM) and Education (SMED) from Novo Hamburgo (NH), to enable projects contained in the Municipal Plan for Integrated Management of Solid Waste (PMGIR) and implement socio-educational programs, promoting the reduction of waste in the common and/or selective collection of NH. This work aims to raise awareness, organize, guide and facilitate field practices for waste management and development of projects and socio-environmental education good practices. The methodology begins with the registration of schools for pedagogical actions, preparation of an action plan, composting workshops and recording activities in a field diary. Data collection and content production were carried out through Action Research. The activities carried out correspond to the socio-environmental education and composting workshops, facing the school community (students, parents, teachers and employees) and the educating collective. Trained schools received sets of composting boxes, donated by SEMAM. 57 schools in this municipality participated in the training workshops and received composting boxes and 1747 people were trained and sensitized. It is understood that this initiative has been a successful prototype of this type of program and that it can be replicated to other schools and even to other municipalities.
Resumo O processo de galvanização a zinco utiliza como principal passivante o metal cromo na sua ... more Resumo O processo de galvanização a zinco utiliza como principal passivante o metal cromo na sua forma hexavalente. O presente trabalho estuda a remoção por zeólitas do íon cromo (VI) do efluente de uma indústria metalúrgica. Devido a grande concentração de Cr (VI) na amostra, primeiramente foi realizada uma redução deste metal utilizando metabissulfito de sódio, que é o agente redutor e de precipitação ideal para efluentes contendo concentrações de Cr(VI) acima de 100 mg L-1. Em concentrações menores o precipitado apresenta baixa cinética de sedimentação, necessitando de um polimento com um tratamento terciário. Este estudo foi realizado em coluna de leito fixo contendo zeólitas, onde foram filtradas soluções com concentrações de Cr(VI) variando de 0,5 a 10 mg L-1. O efluente tratado foi aplicado no topo da coluna e retirado pelo fundo. A partir dos dados de adsorção foram calculados as isotermas de adsorção (Langmuir e Freundlich). O modelo de Langmuir obtido mostrou-se significativo e preditivo com 97,93% de confiabilidade. A capacidade máxima da zeólita em remover cromo (VI) foi estimada em 0,02 mg de Cr(VI) g-1 de zeólita. Palavras-chave: Adsorção; Cromo hexavalente; Zeólita; Leito fixo.
Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013
Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil (comprising the Paraná, Santa Catarin... more Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil (comprising the Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul states) has been occurring since the beginning of the twentieth century. Regarding the Santa Catarina coalfields, about 60%-65% of the ROM coal is discharged at dump deposits as waste. These wastes can lead to the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD), a source of ground and surface water pollution. One of the technologies used for preventing AMD consists of the alkaline additive method. Thus, the aim of this work was to study, at laboratory scale, the DAM control by blending coal waste with a metallurgical slag. A coal-tailing sample was collected from a coal mine, and the slag was obtained from a semi-integrated steel plant. Static tests were carried out by the acid-base account method to determine the balance between the acid-producing and acid-consuming (neutralizing) mineral components of the samples. Kinetic tests were conducted in humidity cells, following the ASTM D 5744-96 method, for a period of 80 weeks. The results showed that the coal tailing generates AMD. However, environmental problems can be minimized by mixing the coal waste with the metallurgical slag in 1:1 or 1:1.5 proportions. The kinetic experiments proved that, in this condition, the lixiviation presents a higher pH and a lower concentration of acidity, metals, and sulfate. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the blending slag in coal tailing deposits can be a viable alternative for DAM control in coal mining.
Journal of Environmental Management, Oct 1, 2021
hazardous construction and demolition waste by 2020. This study evaluated the performance of the ... more hazardous construction and demolition waste by 2020. This study evaluated the performance of the Finnish waste management system against this target. The results showed that the system generates environmental benefits and is profitable, but has not reached the 70% target. The researchers suggest ways the target could be met and recommend region-specific recycling objectives in the EU. Europe produces a considerable amount of construction and demolition waste (C&DW). It is one of the largest-and heaviest-waste streams generated in the EU, accounting for approximately 30% of all waste. In 2006 alone, around 970 million tonnes were produced. There is high potential for recycling of this waste, as its constituents include concrete, bricks, wood, glass and plastics, many of which have high resource value. C&DW has thus become an important target of waste policy in Europe.
Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais, Feb 1, 2015
Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil has been occurring since the beginnin... more Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil has been occurring since the beginning of the twentieth century. Due to the geological characteristics of the region, large amounts of solid wastes are generated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of coal waste to produce concrete paving blocks. A procedure to process the coal waste with the purpose of reducing the sulfur content and changing the particle size distribution of the material to meet the specification of fine aggregates was developed. The methodology considered the following steps: (a) sampling of a coal mining waste; (b) gravity separation of the fraction with specific gravity between 2.4 and 2.8; (c) comminution of the material and particle size analysis; (d) technological characterization of the material and production of concrete paving blocks; and (e) acidity generation prediction (environmental feasibility). The results showed that the coal waste considered in this work can be used to replace conventional sand as a fine aggregate for concrete paving blocks in a proportion of up to 50%. This practice can result in cleaner coal production and reduce the demand for exploitation of sand deposits.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Feb 1, 2008
The aim of the present work is to study plaster residues produced in industries in Goiás State (B... more The aim of the present work is to study plaster residues produced in industries in Goiás State (Brazil). The study analyzes the trituration and dehydrating processes of the plaster and compares its chemical, mechanical and physical characteristics to the natural plaster samples aiming its possible recycling. Plaster samples were submitted to X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. By the comparison of the results obtained for both samples it was observed that they have similar chemical characteristics. No reason was found against the use of recycled plaster.