Nuri Turan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nuri Turan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Apr 19, 2000

Acid glycine extract (AGE) and whole cell (WC) antibodies were used in ELISA testing for the dete... more Acid glycine extract (AGE) and whole cell (WC) antibodies were used in ELISA testing for the detection of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and subsp. fetus antibodies in the blood sera of 150 female cattle and 100 bulls which were one year old or older. It was observed that AGE antibody was more specific than WC antibody. A cross reaction was detected between C. fetus subsp. venerealis and subsp. fetus. Thus, it was concluded that for Campylobacter ELISA could only be used as a monitoring test. In direct diagnosis of C. fetus with the Indirect Flurescent Antibody Test and Avidin-Biotin Staining, 36% and 31.2% positivity were detected in 125 samples of vaginal mucus. 42% and 40% positivity were detected with the same test in 100 samples of preputial fluid. The differences of 5% and 2% between the two positivity values were not found to be statistically significant. The AB method is suggested for direct diagnosis.

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research, 2022

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating arthropod-born viral infection of cattle caused by lump... more Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating arthropod-born viral infection of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of Poxviridae family. It is characterized by high fever (40°C to 41.5°C), lymphadenopathy and nodular lesions on skin and mucous membranes [1,2]. Morbidity depends on host immune status and differs greatly from 5% to 100%. Mortality is usually low and varies 5% to 20% during LSD outbreaks and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) categorizes it as notifiable disease and causes huge economic losses to farmers in the form of low production, sterility, abortion, hide damage and death. Besides substantial economic impact, LSD im

Food and Agricultural Immunology, 2018

Immunomodulatory effects of Echinacea purpurae and Pelargonium sidoides in calves were investigat... more Immunomodulatory effects of Echinacea purpurae and Pelargonium sidoides in calves were investigated. Sixty 25-day-old nonvaccinated calves living in integrated farm unit were randomly selected and were divided into 5 treatment groups consisting of 12 calves each; 4 groups were receiving different amounts and/or times of Echinacea and Pelargonium and the control group received placebo. Blood levels of γ-interferon, cytokine gene expression, lactoferrin and total IgG were analysed on days 0, 9, and 30. When levels for total IgG, γ-interferon, mRNAs for the γ-interferon, IL-1-β, IL-4 and the tumour necrosis factor-α genes were compared from days 0 to 9 post-treatment, significant differences were found between treated and non-treated calves using various amounts of Echinacea and Pelargonium; a doses of 250 mg Echinacea and 62.5 mg Pelargonium for 5 days seems to be ideal. Echinacea purpurae and Pelargonium sidoides are able to modulate immune functions in calves.

İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi dergisi, 2001

... Göğüs boşluğu açıldığında hava keseleri kalınlaşmış ve mat görüntüde, akciğerlerde, hava kese... more ... Göğüs boşluğu açıldığında hava keseleri kalınlaşmış ve mat görüntüde, akciğerlerde, hava kesesi membranlarında ve pleura üzerinde de ... alınmasıyla başlar(4). Bunun yanında enfeksiyonun yumurta kaynaklı da olabileceği ve bu durumda yumurtadan çıkma oranının düştüğü ...

Poultry Science, May 1, 2019

The emergence of new infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) variants can threaten poultry health ... more The emergence of new infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) variants can threaten poultry health and production all over the world causing significant economic losses. Therefore, this study was performed to determine IBDV molecular epidemilogy, VP2 gene variation, and corresponding pathological lesions in IBDV infected chickens in Turkey. For this, 1855 bursa of Fabricius samples were collected from 371 vaccinated broiler flocks. Atrophia and haemorrhages were seen in the bursa Fabricius of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) infected chickens. Partial VP2 gene was sequenced and phylogenetic, recombination, and evolutionary analyses were performed. 1548 (83.5%) out of 1855 of bursa of Fabricius samples were IBDV positive and 1525 of those could be sequenced. The recombination analysis did not detect occurrence of any recombination event among the Turkish strains. Among 1525 sequenced samples, 1380 of them were found to be classical strains. Among 1380 classical strains, 1317 were similar to IBDV 2512, 11 to Faragher 52/70, 40 to 228 E, and 12 to Lukert strain. Out of 1525 reverse transcriptase ploymerase chain reaction positive samples, 144 of them were found to be similar to vvIBDV-VP2 gene reported to GenBank previously. The phylogenetic tree performed on a broad sequence dataset demonstrated grouping of vvIBDV Turkish strains in three different clusters, including sequences collected also from Iraq and Kuwait (Cluster 1), Indian (Cluster 2), and a distinct Turkish-only cluster (Cluster 3). The evolutionary rate estimation on branches/clades including Turkish strain mirrored the expected one for RNA viruses and no significant differences were found among different considered branches. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that vvIBDV strains similar to those circulating in various countries in the Middle East are present and undergoing evolution in chickens from Turkish broiler flocks. This point needs to be taken into account in planning adequate control strategies.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Dec 28, 2018

Abstract Recent outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Marmara region of Turkey inc... more Abstract Recent outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Marmara region of Turkey including the European part of Thrace is important due to its proximity to Europe (Greece and Bulgaria) and the potential threat of spread of PPR into mainland Europe. In order to investigate the circulation of PPRV in the region suspect clinical and necropsy samples were collected from domestic sheep (n = 211) in the Marmara region of Turkey between 2011 and 2012. PPR virus (PPRV) genome was detected in 10.4% (22 out of 211) of sheep samples by real‐time RT‐PCR, and PPR virus was isolated from lungs of two sheep that died from infection. Of the 22 positive samples nine were used for partial N‐gene amplification and sequencing. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus belongs to lineage IV, the same lineage that is circulating in eastern and central part of Turkey since its first official report in 1999. In addition, samples from 100 cattle were collected to investigate potential subclinical circulation of PPRV. However all were found to be negative by real‐time RT‐PCR, and also in serological tests indicating the large ruminants were likely not exposed or infected with the virus. The impact of these findings on the potential threat of spread of PPR to Europe including the first PPR outbreak in Europe in Bulgaria on 23rd June 2018 is discussed.

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sep 1, 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and diversity of bovine viral diarrhea vir... more The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and diversity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) infecting cattle in Turkey. A total of 1124 bovine blood samples from 19 farms in 4 different Turkish regions were tested by antigen capture ELISA (ACE). BVDV antigen was found in 26 samples from 13 farms. Only 20 of the 26 initial test positive cattle were available for retesting. Of these, 6 of 20 tested positive for BVDV, by ACE and real-time RT-PCR, one month after initial testing. Phylogenetic analysis, based on comparison of the E2 or the 5'UTR coding regions, from 19 of the 26 initial positive samples, indicated that 17 belonged to the BVDV-1 genotype and 2 to the BVDV-2 genotype. Comparison of 5'UTR sequences segregated 8 BVDV-1 strains (strains 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, and 19) to the BVDV1f, 1 strain (strain 8) to the BVDV1i and 1 strain (strain 14) to the BVDV1d subgenotypes. One strain (strain 4) did not group with other subgenotypes but was closer to the BVDV1f. The remaining 6 BVDV-1 strains (strains 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, and 18) segregated to a novel subgenotype. The E2 sequence comparison results were similar, with the exception that strain 5 grouped with the novel subgenotype rather than BVDV1f subgenotype. It appears that among the diverse BVDV strains in circulation there may be a subgenotype that is unique to Turkey. This should be considered in the design of diagnostics and vaccines to be used in Turkey.

British Poultry Science, May 18, 2020

ABSTRACT 1. There is no current data about the genotypes of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) in Turkis... more ABSTRACT 1. There is no current data about the genotypes of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) in Turkish poultry flocks; hence, this study was performed to analyse CVI988/Rispens, turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine viruses and MDV field viruses as well as to perform phylogenetic analysis of MDV in Turkish layer chickens. 2. In 2017 and 2018, a total of 602 spleen samples from 49 layer flocks were collected from the Marmara, West Black Sea and Aegean regions. DNA was extracted from the spleen samples and the samples were analysed by real-time PCR probe assay to detect CVI988/Rispens and HVT vaccine viruses and MDV field strains. Samples found positive for MDV by real-time PCR were subjected to PCR using the Meq gene primers for phylogenetic analysis. 3. Amongst 49 flocks, virulent MDV was detected in nine flocks. CVI988/Rispens and HVT vaccine strains were detected in 47 flocks and HVT in all 49 flocks. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and tumours in the oviduct were observed in chickens of affected flocks. Virulent MDV was detected in 120 out of 602 spleen samples. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses showed that MDVs detected in this study were closely related to MDV strains from Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, India and China but showed diversity with MDV strains from Egypt and Hungary. Multiple sequence analysis of the Meq protein revealed several point mutations in deduced amino acid sequences. Interestingly, CVI988/Rispens vaccine virus from China (AF493555) showed mutations at position 66 (G66R) and 71 (S66A) along with two other vaccine strains from China (GU354326.1) and Russia (EU032468.1), in comparison with the other vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens (DQ534538). The molecular analyses of the Meq gene suggested that Turkish field strains of MDV are in the class of virulent or very virulent pathotypes. 4. The results have shown that MDV still affects poultry health, and the phylogenetic and amino acid variation data obtained will help in vaccination and control strategies.

Archives of Virology, Feb 1, 2002

Archives of Virology, Oct 22, 2010

Bovine norovirus (BoNoV) is an important cause of diarrhea in calves and has been reported in sev... more Bovine norovirus (BoNoV) is an important cause of diarrhea in calves and has been reported in several countries. The aims of this study were to investigate for the first time the presence of norovirus in Turkish calves by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and to determine the phylogeny of any circulating strains. Fecal samples from 70 diarrheic calves were collected and analysed by SYBR Green qRT-PCR. BoNoV was detected in fecal samples from six calves. The capsid gene was partially sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. This showed that the six Turkish BoNoVs clustered with the GIII-2 prototype. Noroviruses are small non-enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Caliciviridae, which was initially divided into four genera: Vesivirus, Lagovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus. A fifth genus, Nebovirus (Becovirus), has recently been included. Noroviruses have five genogroups, and genogroup GIII is bovine norovirus (BoNoV), which has two prototype strains, Jena virus and Newbury agent-2, belonging to genotype 1 and 2, respectively [4, 15, 20]. The genus Nebovirus also includes bovine caliciviruses named Newbury agent 1 and Nebraska strain [15]. Analysis of the polymerase, capsid, and ORF3 genes placed Jena and Newbury 2 viruses in a different genetic cluster, with 68% amino acid identity in their complete capsid proteins [13, 14, 21, 22, 23]. Viruses within these genotypes had 91-99% amino acid identity in their complete capsid proteins [5, 13, 14, 21]. Noroviruses in cattle have been studied mainly in the USA, the UK, Germany and the Netherlands [3, 12, 22, 23]. However, there is no report on the existence and diversity of noroviruses in cattle in Turkey at present. The aims of this study were to investigate for the first time the presence of norovirus in Turkish calves by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and to determine the phylogeny of any circulating strains. A further aim was to investigate similarities to and differences from published sequences. Feces samples from 70 diarrheic calves (age, 1-60 days) were collected from different farms in the Marmara region. Samples were transported at cold temperatures (4-8°C) and processed within 24 h. Feces samples were prepared for RNA extraction by diluting 1/10 in nuclease-free water as recommended by others [21]. Samples were clarified by centrifugation (Hettich, 32R) at 5,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. Viral RNA was extracted from 140 ll supernatant

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 1996

Veterinary Record, Nov 1, 2001

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Jun 1, 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of antibodies to ALV-J in broilers and broi... more The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of antibodies to ALV-J in broilers and broiler breeders. For this, 5 broiler units and 1 broiler breeding unit in the Marmara region were visited. Seventy 4-6-week-old chicks from the broiler units, consisting of 14 chicks from each broiler unit, were selected. Seventeen chickens from the broiler breeding unit were also selected. The chicks from the broiler units were necropsied and all internal organs were checked for the presence of tumors. Blood sera collected from all animals were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to avian leukosis virus subgroup-J (ALV-J) by a commercial ELISA (IDEXX). Growth retardation, depression, diarrhea and respiratory disorders were seen in chicks from the broiler units. No tumors were observed in the internal organs. However, pseudomembranes on the liver of 3 chicks and Gumboro-like lesions in the bursa of Fabricius in 5 chicks were seen. No antibodies to ALV-J were detected in any of the broiler chicks' sera. However, antibodies to ALV-J were detected in 13 (76%) of the17 broiler breeders, which indicates the necessity to apply eradication programs for ALV-J in breeding flocks in Turkey.

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Feb 1, 2002

A total of 404 horses was examined from the selected cities (Istanbul, Bursa, Bal›kesir) of the M... more A total of 404 horses was examined from the selected cities (Istanbul, Bursa, Bal›kesir) of the Marmara region of Turkey. Blood was collected from all horses and the sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) using an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. The results revealed that none of the horses were positive for antibodies to EIAV.

WOS: 000343726100001This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary oregano es... more WOS: 000343726100001This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary oregano essential oil (OEO) with or without enzyme (ENZY) supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzymes' activity, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers until to 21 d. The diets were supplemented with: no OEO or ENZY, 1 g/kg of the ENZY, 250 mg/kg of the OEO, 250 mg/kg of the OEO plus 1 g/kg of the ENZY, 500 mg/kg of the OEO, 500 mg/kg of the OEO plus 1 g/kg of the ENZY. The OEO supplementation at the level of 250 mg/kg significantly increased body weight gain during d 7 to 14 and d 0 to 21 and improved feed conversion ratio during only d 7 and 14. Supplementation of OEO at the both levels also increased feed intake, on the other hand, worsened feed conversion ratio, during d 14 to 21. The dietary ENZY supplementation alone significantly improved the BWG and FCR only at the period of 0 and 7 d. The OEO supplementation at the both levels significantly increased amylase activity at d 7 and chymotrypsin activity at d 14, the relative weights of pancreas and B. fabricius of broilers at d 21. On the other hand, OEO only at the 250 mg/kg level or ENZY supplementation significantly improved the faecal crude protein digestibility compared to the unsupplemented diet. Serum IgG and IgM levels and the antibody titres to NDV were significantly increased by OEO supplementation at the both levels. No interaction between OEO and ENZY were observed for all parameters. As a result, it can be said that the OEO supplementation alone at 250 mg/kg to corn-soybean meal based diet was neccessary to significantly improve the BWG and FCR and antibody titres to NDV for the first weeks of broilers. The positive effect of OEO was pronounced during the starter phase.Scientific Research Projects Committee at Ege UniversityEge University [2005-ZRF-060]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-106O249]This study was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Committee at Ege University (project number 2005-ZRF-060) and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (project number TOVAG-106O249). We wish to thank Turer Agriculture Ltd. Company for supplying oregano essential oil, Orba Biochemistry Inc. Company for supplying enzyme mixture, and Keskinoglu group for providing animal and feed materials in this study

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Sep 1, 2005

Mechanisms causing persistence and reactivation of measles virus in subacute sclerosing panenceph... more Mechanisms causing persistence and reactivation of measles virus in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) are unknown. Borna disease virus (BDV) frequently causes latent or persistent infection in the nervous system. We investigated a possible association of these viruses in SSPE. Although BDV seropositivity was similar in SSPE and control groups, SSPE patients with high antibodies to BDV had earlier and more rapid disease. The findings suggest that BDV might be involved in the course, but not in the etiopathogenesis, of SSPE.

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Apr 19, 2000

Acid glycine extract (AGE) and whole cell (WC) antibodies were used in ELISA testing for the dete... more Acid glycine extract (AGE) and whole cell (WC) antibodies were used in ELISA testing for the detection of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and subsp. fetus antibodies in the blood sera of 150 female cattle and 100 bulls which were one year old or older. It was observed that AGE antibody was more specific than WC antibody. A cross reaction was detected between C. fetus subsp. venerealis and subsp. fetus. Thus, it was concluded that for Campylobacter ELISA could only be used as a monitoring test. In direct diagnosis of C. fetus with the Indirect Flurescent Antibody Test and Avidin-Biotin Staining, 36% and 31.2% positivity were detected in 125 samples of vaginal mucus. 42% and 40% positivity were detected with the same test in 100 samples of preputial fluid. The differences of 5% and 2% between the two positivity values were not found to be statistically significant. The AB method is suggested for direct diagnosis.

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research, 2022

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating arthropod-born viral infection of cattle caused by lump... more Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating arthropod-born viral infection of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of Poxviridae family. It is characterized by high fever (40°C to 41.5°C), lymphadenopathy and nodular lesions on skin and mucous membranes [1,2]. Morbidity depends on host immune status and differs greatly from 5% to 100%. Mortality is usually low and varies 5% to 20% during LSD outbreaks and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) categorizes it as notifiable disease and causes huge economic losses to farmers in the form of low production, sterility, abortion, hide damage and death. Besides substantial economic impact, LSD im

Food and Agricultural Immunology, 2018

Immunomodulatory effects of Echinacea purpurae and Pelargonium sidoides in calves were investigat... more Immunomodulatory effects of Echinacea purpurae and Pelargonium sidoides in calves were investigated. Sixty 25-day-old nonvaccinated calves living in integrated farm unit were randomly selected and were divided into 5 treatment groups consisting of 12 calves each; 4 groups were receiving different amounts and/or times of Echinacea and Pelargonium and the control group received placebo. Blood levels of γ-interferon, cytokine gene expression, lactoferrin and total IgG were analysed on days 0, 9, and 30. When levels for total IgG, γ-interferon, mRNAs for the γ-interferon, IL-1-β, IL-4 and the tumour necrosis factor-α genes were compared from days 0 to 9 post-treatment, significant differences were found between treated and non-treated calves using various amounts of Echinacea and Pelargonium; a doses of 250 mg Echinacea and 62.5 mg Pelargonium for 5 days seems to be ideal. Echinacea purpurae and Pelargonium sidoides are able to modulate immune functions in calves.

İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi dergisi, 2001

... Göğüs boşluğu açıldığında hava keseleri kalınlaşmış ve mat görüntüde, akciğerlerde, hava kese... more ... Göğüs boşluğu açıldığında hava keseleri kalınlaşmış ve mat görüntüde, akciğerlerde, hava kesesi membranlarında ve pleura üzerinde de ... alınmasıyla başlar(4). Bunun yanında enfeksiyonun yumurta kaynaklı da olabileceği ve bu durumda yumurtadan çıkma oranının düştüğü ...

Poultry Science, May 1, 2019

The emergence of new infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) variants can threaten poultry health ... more The emergence of new infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) variants can threaten poultry health and production all over the world causing significant economic losses. Therefore, this study was performed to determine IBDV molecular epidemilogy, VP2 gene variation, and corresponding pathological lesions in IBDV infected chickens in Turkey. For this, 1855 bursa of Fabricius samples were collected from 371 vaccinated broiler flocks. Atrophia and haemorrhages were seen in the bursa Fabricius of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) infected chickens. Partial VP2 gene was sequenced and phylogenetic, recombination, and evolutionary analyses were performed. 1548 (83.5%) out of 1855 of bursa of Fabricius samples were IBDV positive and 1525 of those could be sequenced. The recombination analysis did not detect occurrence of any recombination event among the Turkish strains. Among 1525 sequenced samples, 1380 of them were found to be classical strains. Among 1380 classical strains, 1317 were similar to IBDV 2512, 11 to Faragher 52/70, 40 to 228 E, and 12 to Lukert strain. Out of 1525 reverse transcriptase ploymerase chain reaction positive samples, 144 of them were found to be similar to vvIBDV-VP2 gene reported to GenBank previously. The phylogenetic tree performed on a broad sequence dataset demonstrated grouping of vvIBDV Turkish strains in three different clusters, including sequences collected also from Iraq and Kuwait (Cluster 1), Indian (Cluster 2), and a distinct Turkish-only cluster (Cluster 3). The evolutionary rate estimation on branches/clades including Turkish strain mirrored the expected one for RNA viruses and no significant differences were found among different considered branches. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that vvIBDV strains similar to those circulating in various countries in the Middle East are present and undergoing evolution in chickens from Turkish broiler flocks. This point needs to be taken into account in planning adequate control strategies.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Dec 28, 2018

Abstract Recent outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Marmara region of Turkey inc... more Abstract Recent outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Marmara region of Turkey including the European part of Thrace is important due to its proximity to Europe (Greece and Bulgaria) and the potential threat of spread of PPR into mainland Europe. In order to investigate the circulation of PPRV in the region suspect clinical and necropsy samples were collected from domestic sheep (n = 211) in the Marmara region of Turkey between 2011 and 2012. PPR virus (PPRV) genome was detected in 10.4% (22 out of 211) of sheep samples by real‐time RT‐PCR, and PPR virus was isolated from lungs of two sheep that died from infection. Of the 22 positive samples nine were used for partial N‐gene amplification and sequencing. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus belongs to lineage IV, the same lineage that is circulating in eastern and central part of Turkey since its first official report in 1999. In addition, samples from 100 cattle were collected to investigate potential subclinical circulation of PPRV. However all were found to be negative by real‐time RT‐PCR, and also in serological tests indicating the large ruminants were likely not exposed or infected with the virus. The impact of these findings on the potential threat of spread of PPR to Europe including the first PPR outbreak in Europe in Bulgaria on 23rd June 2018 is discussed.

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sep 1, 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and diversity of bovine viral diarrhea vir... more The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and diversity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) infecting cattle in Turkey. A total of 1124 bovine blood samples from 19 farms in 4 different Turkish regions were tested by antigen capture ELISA (ACE). BVDV antigen was found in 26 samples from 13 farms. Only 20 of the 26 initial test positive cattle were available for retesting. Of these, 6 of 20 tested positive for BVDV, by ACE and real-time RT-PCR, one month after initial testing. Phylogenetic analysis, based on comparison of the E2 or the 5'UTR coding regions, from 19 of the 26 initial positive samples, indicated that 17 belonged to the BVDV-1 genotype and 2 to the BVDV-2 genotype. Comparison of 5'UTR sequences segregated 8 BVDV-1 strains (strains 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, and 19) to the BVDV1f, 1 strain (strain 8) to the BVDV1i and 1 strain (strain 14) to the BVDV1d subgenotypes. One strain (strain 4) did not group with other subgenotypes but was closer to the BVDV1f. The remaining 6 BVDV-1 strains (strains 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, and 18) segregated to a novel subgenotype. The E2 sequence comparison results were similar, with the exception that strain 5 grouped with the novel subgenotype rather than BVDV1f subgenotype. It appears that among the diverse BVDV strains in circulation there may be a subgenotype that is unique to Turkey. This should be considered in the design of diagnostics and vaccines to be used in Turkey.

British Poultry Science, May 18, 2020

ABSTRACT 1. There is no current data about the genotypes of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) in Turkis... more ABSTRACT 1. There is no current data about the genotypes of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) in Turkish poultry flocks; hence, this study was performed to analyse CVI988/Rispens, turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine viruses and MDV field viruses as well as to perform phylogenetic analysis of MDV in Turkish layer chickens. 2. In 2017 and 2018, a total of 602 spleen samples from 49 layer flocks were collected from the Marmara, West Black Sea and Aegean regions. DNA was extracted from the spleen samples and the samples were analysed by real-time PCR probe assay to detect CVI988/Rispens and HVT vaccine viruses and MDV field strains. Samples found positive for MDV by real-time PCR were subjected to PCR using the Meq gene primers for phylogenetic analysis. 3. Amongst 49 flocks, virulent MDV was detected in nine flocks. CVI988/Rispens and HVT vaccine strains were detected in 47 flocks and HVT in all 49 flocks. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and tumours in the oviduct were observed in chickens of affected flocks. Virulent MDV was detected in 120 out of 602 spleen samples. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses showed that MDVs detected in this study were closely related to MDV strains from Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, India and China but showed diversity with MDV strains from Egypt and Hungary. Multiple sequence analysis of the Meq protein revealed several point mutations in deduced amino acid sequences. Interestingly, CVI988/Rispens vaccine virus from China (AF493555) showed mutations at position 66 (G66R) and 71 (S66A) along with two other vaccine strains from China (GU354326.1) and Russia (EU032468.1), in comparison with the other vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens (DQ534538). The molecular analyses of the Meq gene suggested that Turkish field strains of MDV are in the class of virulent or very virulent pathotypes. 4. The results have shown that MDV still affects poultry health, and the phylogenetic and amino acid variation data obtained will help in vaccination and control strategies.

Archives of Virology, Feb 1, 2002

Archives of Virology, Oct 22, 2010

Bovine norovirus (BoNoV) is an important cause of diarrhea in calves and has been reported in sev... more Bovine norovirus (BoNoV) is an important cause of diarrhea in calves and has been reported in several countries. The aims of this study were to investigate for the first time the presence of norovirus in Turkish calves by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and to determine the phylogeny of any circulating strains. Fecal samples from 70 diarrheic calves were collected and analysed by SYBR Green qRT-PCR. BoNoV was detected in fecal samples from six calves. The capsid gene was partially sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. This showed that the six Turkish BoNoVs clustered with the GIII-2 prototype. Noroviruses are small non-enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Caliciviridae, which was initially divided into four genera: Vesivirus, Lagovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus. A fifth genus, Nebovirus (Becovirus), has recently been included. Noroviruses have five genogroups, and genogroup GIII is bovine norovirus (BoNoV), which has two prototype strains, Jena virus and Newbury agent-2, belonging to genotype 1 and 2, respectively [4, 15, 20]. The genus Nebovirus also includes bovine caliciviruses named Newbury agent 1 and Nebraska strain [15]. Analysis of the polymerase, capsid, and ORF3 genes placed Jena and Newbury 2 viruses in a different genetic cluster, with 68% amino acid identity in their complete capsid proteins [13, 14, 21, 22, 23]. Viruses within these genotypes had 91-99% amino acid identity in their complete capsid proteins [5, 13, 14, 21]. Noroviruses in cattle have been studied mainly in the USA, the UK, Germany and the Netherlands [3, 12, 22, 23]. However, there is no report on the existence and diversity of noroviruses in cattle in Turkey at present. The aims of this study were to investigate for the first time the presence of norovirus in Turkish calves by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and to determine the phylogeny of any circulating strains. A further aim was to investigate similarities to and differences from published sequences. Feces samples from 70 diarrheic calves (age, 1-60 days) were collected from different farms in the Marmara region. Samples were transported at cold temperatures (4-8°C) and processed within 24 h. Feces samples were prepared for RNA extraction by diluting 1/10 in nuclease-free water as recommended by others [21]. Samples were clarified by centrifugation (Hettich, 32R) at 5,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. Viral RNA was extracted from 140 ll supernatant

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 1996

Veterinary Record, Nov 1, 2001

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Jun 1, 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of antibodies to ALV-J in broilers and broi... more The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of antibodies to ALV-J in broilers and broiler breeders. For this, 5 broiler units and 1 broiler breeding unit in the Marmara region were visited. Seventy 4-6-week-old chicks from the broiler units, consisting of 14 chicks from each broiler unit, were selected. Seventeen chickens from the broiler breeding unit were also selected. The chicks from the broiler units were necropsied and all internal organs were checked for the presence of tumors. Blood sera collected from all animals were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to avian leukosis virus subgroup-J (ALV-J) by a commercial ELISA (IDEXX). Growth retardation, depression, diarrhea and respiratory disorders were seen in chicks from the broiler units. No tumors were observed in the internal organs. However, pseudomembranes on the liver of 3 chicks and Gumboro-like lesions in the bursa of Fabricius in 5 chicks were seen. No antibodies to ALV-J were detected in any of the broiler chicks' sera. However, antibodies to ALV-J were detected in 13 (76%) of the17 broiler breeders, which indicates the necessity to apply eradication programs for ALV-J in breeding flocks in Turkey.

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Feb 1, 2002

A total of 404 horses was examined from the selected cities (Istanbul, Bursa, Bal›kesir) of the M... more A total of 404 horses was examined from the selected cities (Istanbul, Bursa, Bal›kesir) of the Marmara region of Turkey. Blood was collected from all horses and the sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) using an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. The results revealed that none of the horses were positive for antibodies to EIAV.

WOS: 000343726100001This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary oregano es... more WOS: 000343726100001This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary oregano essential oil (OEO) with or without enzyme (ENZY) supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzymes' activity, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers until to 21 d. The diets were supplemented with: no OEO or ENZY, 1 g/kg of the ENZY, 250 mg/kg of the OEO, 250 mg/kg of the OEO plus 1 g/kg of the ENZY, 500 mg/kg of the OEO, 500 mg/kg of the OEO plus 1 g/kg of the ENZY. The OEO supplementation at the level of 250 mg/kg significantly increased body weight gain during d 7 to 14 and d 0 to 21 and improved feed conversion ratio during only d 7 and 14. Supplementation of OEO at the both levels also increased feed intake, on the other hand, worsened feed conversion ratio, during d 14 to 21. The dietary ENZY supplementation alone significantly improved the BWG and FCR only at the period of 0 and 7 d. The OEO supplementation at the both levels significantly increased amylase activity at d 7 and chymotrypsin activity at d 14, the relative weights of pancreas and B. fabricius of broilers at d 21. On the other hand, OEO only at the 250 mg/kg level or ENZY supplementation significantly improved the faecal crude protein digestibility compared to the unsupplemented diet. Serum IgG and IgM levels and the antibody titres to NDV were significantly increased by OEO supplementation at the both levels. No interaction between OEO and ENZY were observed for all parameters. As a result, it can be said that the OEO supplementation alone at 250 mg/kg to corn-soybean meal based diet was neccessary to significantly improve the BWG and FCR and antibody titres to NDV for the first weeks of broilers. The positive effect of OEO was pronounced during the starter phase.Scientific Research Projects Committee at Ege UniversityEge University [2005-ZRF-060]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-106O249]This study was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Committee at Ege University (project number 2005-ZRF-060) and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (project number TOVAG-106O249). We wish to thank Turer Agriculture Ltd. Company for supplying oregano essential oil, Orba Biochemistry Inc. Company for supplying enzyme mixture, and Keskinoglu group for providing animal and feed materials in this study

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Sep 1, 2005

Mechanisms causing persistence and reactivation of measles virus in subacute sclerosing panenceph... more Mechanisms causing persistence and reactivation of measles virus in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) are unknown. Borna disease virus (BDV) frequently causes latent or persistent infection in the nervous system. We investigated a possible association of these viruses in SSPE. Although BDV seropositivity was similar in SSPE and control groups, SSPE patients with high antibodies to BDV had earlier and more rapid disease. The findings suggest that BDV might be involved in the course, but not in the etiopathogenesis, of SSPE.