Investigations on the Presence of Antibodies to Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup-J (ALV-J) in Broiler Breeders and Broilers (original) (raw)
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In an attempt to determine the seroprevalence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) in exotic broiler chickens and Nigerian local chickens in Zaria, Nigeria, a total of 600 sera (300 from exotic broiler chickens and 300 from Nigerian local chickens), obtained from the live bird market in Zaria, Nigeria, were tested for ALV p27 antigen by the antigen capture-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ac-ELISA) technique. The age range of the Nigerian local chickens sampled in this study was 6-24 months, while that of the exotic broiler chickens used in this study was 2-3 months. Fourteen out of the 300 sera obtained from the exotic broiler chickens tested positive to ALV p27 antigen, which represents 4.70%, while 180 of the 300 Nigerian local chicken sera were confirmed positive to the antigen, representing 60.00%. Thirteen (92.86%) of the fourteen sera from the exotic broiler chickens were lowly positive (ELISA Units range of 10-20%) to ALV p27 antigen, while only one (7.14%) serum sample was moderately positive to ALV p27 antigen with an ELISA Unit of 29.33%. Of the 180 sera from the Nigerian local chickens that tested positive to ALV p27 antigen , 79 (43.89%) were lowly positive with ELISA Units ranging from 10.67% to 21.33%, while 101 (56.11%) serum samples were moderately positive to ALV p27 antigen with ELISA Units ranging from 28.0% to 73.33%. A higher seroprevalence of ALV was detected in Nigerian local chickens than the exotic broiler chickens.
Epidemiological features and pathological study of avian leukosis in turkeys' flocks
Aim: The purpose of this study was focused on the identification of tumor diseases in turkeys on the basis of a detailed description of epidemiological features, clinical signs, lesions, and histopathological changes. Materials and Methods: Outbreak of a tumor disease in turkeys was investigated in various regions of Eastern Algeria. Four turkeys' flocks aged from 17 weeks were affected, resulting to mortality often over 10%, on a period of 15 days. The main epidemiological characters, clinical signs, and lesions were observed throughout all the course of the disease. Serum samples were collected from affected turkeys in each flock to detect p27 antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to diagnose avian leukosis virus (ALV). Portions of sciatic nerves and livers are taken from dead turkeys for microscopic examination. Results: The disease was characterized by clinical signs such as anorexia, weakness, and diarrhea. Necropsy of the dead birds showed hepatomegaly and gross splenomegaly with neoplastic nodules or gray foci and diffuse infiltration in the myocardium and lungs. ALV antigen test using ELISA confirmed the presence of virus leukosis. Histopathological sections of the liver had proliferations of lymphoblastoid cells and absence of any modifications or lymphocytic infiltration in peripheral nerves. Conclusion: The present study confirms that this disease condition is caused by lymphoid leukosis.
Detection of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J from Commercial Peking Duck Breeder Farm in Egypt
International Journal of Virology, 2015
Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is widely described in meat-type chickens and layers type but rarely observed in ducks. In this study, two flocks of Peking duck breeder bred in Egypt showed 25-30% mortality, 20-30% drop in egg production and 60-65% drop in hatchability. Gross picture showed severe enlargement of liver, spleen, white raised nodules in heart and ovarian atrophy in all examined birds. The liver and spleen had diffuse, multifocal white raised foci on the surface as well as on the cut-surface. Histopathological examination revealed numerous myelocytes with bigger volume, large peripheral nucleus and packed reddish cytoplasmic granules infiltrated in heart, liver, kidney and ovary. Some of myelocytic cells had mitotic figures. Results were positive for detection of ALV antigen-p27 by antigen capture ELISA in cloacal samples. The PCR results confirmed that the flocks were positive for ALV-J with specific fragment of 545 bp, but negative for ALV-A, Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) and Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The study provided some information on ALV-J induced myelocytomatosis for ducks. It concluded that ALV-J virus is broadening host range including the ducks. Also, myeloid leukosis is an enduring problem facing the poultry industry.
2016
The present study was designed with a view to identify the Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) by direct Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as well as to know the prevalence of ALV in different age groups of layer birds at Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. The birds were categorized into three groups, namely group A (brooder) included bird aged 13 days, group B (grower) included bird aged 16 weeks and lastly group C (layer) included bird aged 32 weeks. In this study a total of 92 cloacal swab samples were examined and 13 positive cases of ALV was found among which 5, 4 and 4 positive samples were in grower, brooding and layer chickens respectively. This study showed that ALV positive cases were 14.13% in layer birds whereas 14.5% positive cases in Sonali chicken and 13.3% in case of Hy-Line brown chicken. The inoculation of cloacal swab was done into five 10 days old embryonated chicken eggs through yolk sac route. After 5 days of inoculation death of the all embryos with haemorrhage was observed indicating the prevalence of Avian Leukosis Virus in the study area of Bangladesh. Since Avian Leukosis Virus transmitted both horizontally and vertically therefore measures to prevent spread are more demanding.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2010
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) belong to Alpharetrovirus genus of the family Retroviridae that are widespread in nature. Different subgroups of ALV commonly infect egglaying hens. They are responsible for economic losses due to both mortality and depressed performance in chickens. To investigate the presence of these viruses in chickens in Iran, 560 egg albumens were selected from different farms of Fars province, Iran. These eggs were obtained from flocks of two research centers of native fowl production (60 eggs), a broiler grandparent farm (100 eggs), three broiler breeder farms (300 eggs), and a commercial layer flock (100 eggs). Firstly, for primary screening a degenerative primer set (PU1 and PU2) were used in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positive cases were detected in 47 of 300 (15.7%) samples from three broiler breeders, 40 of 100 (40%) samples from commercial layer, 53 of 60 (88.3%) samples from flocks of two research centers of native fowl production, and none from the samples of broiler grandparent. Then RT-PCR was undertaken with primers PA1 and PA2 on the positive samples. RT-PCR analysis detected ALVs in two of 47 (4.3%) samples from three broiler breeders, 13 of 40 (32.5%) samples from commercial layer, and 19 of 53 (35.8%) samples from flocks of two research centers of native fowl production. The sequencing results showed that subgroup E of ALV was the most detected virus among chicken eggs and subgroup B was more prevalent in the eggs of native fowls. This is the first report of the ALV subgroup B and E in egg albumen in Iran.
Avian Leukosis in Brahma Chicken Raised in Al-Qurnah Town, Southern Iraq
Russian Agricultural Sciences, 2018
The current study was conducted to diagnose avian leukosis in naturally infected Brahma backyard chickens in southern parts of Iraq, on the basis of clincopathological findings and serological detection by using antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) in suspected tumor cases in field conditions. In this study the avian leukosis was mostly observed in birds from 16 to 22 weeks of age, as well as the infected flocks showed a low mortality rate ranging from 5-6%. Typical variable sized grey to yellow obvious tumor-like nodular lesion was demonstrated on the surface of enlarged visceral organs such as liver, spleen, kidney and duodenum, as in white meat-type chickens. The histopathological features revealed massive infiltration of monomorphic lymphocytes in which the lymphoblasts were predominant in the liver, kidney, spleen and duodenum. In this study, a total of 40 sera were tested for ALV P27 antigen by ELISA technique. Thirty-five out of forty sera (87.5%) obtained from Brahma chickens tested positive to ALV P27 antigen and a higher percentage (88.58%) of the chicken sera were strongly positive and had (EUs > 75%). Based on these findings, avian leukosis was concluded to be associated with this pathological condition in Iraqi backyard flocks. This is the first report of the presence of the avian leukosis in visceral samples of Brahma breed. It seems that commercial poultry population in Iraq is not far from the threat of the avian leukosis, and surveillance for avian leukosis is needed.
Avian Diseases, 2004
In Experiment 1, a monoclonal antibody against the envelope glycoprotein (gp85) of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) was used to study the distribution of ALV-J in various tissues of White Leghorn chickens inoculated as embryos with the strain ADOL-Hc1 of ALV-J. At 2 and 6 wk of age, various tissues from infected and control uninfected chickens were tested for the presence of ALV-J gp85 by immunohistochemistry. In Experiment 2, using the methyl green-pyronine (MGP) stain, sections of bursa of Fabricius (BF) from chickens of line 15I 5 3 7 1 , inoculated with ALV-J or Rous-associated virus-1 (RAV-1), a subgroup A ALV, at hatch were examined for transformation of bursal follicles at 4 and 10 wk of age. In Experiment 1, specific staining indicative of the presence of ALV-J gp85 was noted at both 2 and 6 wk of age in the adrenal gland, bursa, gonads, heart, kidney, liver, bone marrow, nerve, pancreas, proventriculus, spleen, and thymus. In Experiment 2, by 10 wk of age, transformed bursal follicles were detected in MGP-stained sections of BF in only one of five (20%) chickens inoculated with ALV-J at hatch, compared with five of five (100%) chickens inoculated with RAV-1. The data demonstrate distribution of ALV-J gp85 in various tissues of White Leghorn chickens experimentally inoculated as embryos with the virus. The data also confirm our previous observation that ALV-J is capable of inducing transformation of bursal follicles, albeit the incidence is less frequent than that induced by subgroup A ALV. C Corresponding author.
Myotropic Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup J Infection in a Chicken
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B, 2006
The study describes a highly productive myotropic avian leukosis virus infection (ALV) in a 3-month-old female chicken. At necropsy, ascites, hepatic fibrosis and cardiomegaly were seen. Histologically, the most striking lesion was the presence of cytoplasmic basophilic inclusions in myocardial fibers. Immunostaining for ALV group specific antigen p27 revealed a diffuse presence of virus antigen in cardiac myofibers, in smooth muscle fibers of most of the organs, and in rare, pancreatic and ovarian theca cells. Ultrastructurally, myocardial inclusions consisted of clusters of 50-60 nm round particles with interspersed ribosome-like granules. Numerous C-type particles were found in intercellular spaces of ALV p27 positive tissues. PCR analyses revealed the presence of both ALV-E and ALV-J related sequences. In chicken genome, ALV-E is usually present as endogenous provirus therefore, the pathological findings observed in this case are considered to be related with the ALV-J infection. The results of this report further confirm that ALV-J may be responsible for highly productive myotropic infections.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Avian Leukosis virus (ALV) is known to cause oncogenic diseases in chickens world over. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of ALV among indigenous chickens in Karmo and Gwagwa, two suburban communities in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. A total of 180 indigenous chickens were tested for ALV p27 antigen using an Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique (Ringbio, Beijing China). The overall prevalence of ALV was 47.2 %, ALV was found to be higher among chickens in Karmo than in Gwagwa 54.1% vs.45.15, but this was not statistically different (Chi: 0.3917, P=0.531). This study envisages the establishment of an effective control strategy in our study area, because of known deleterious economic impact of ALV on chickens.