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Papers by Tyavyar Akosu

Annals of African Medicine

Alcohol is a commonly used beverage with adverse health and socio-economic consequences when cons... more Alcohol is a commonly used beverage with adverse health and socio-economic consequences when consumed in excessive amounts. This study determined the prevalence and predictors of hazardous alcohol use in a sub-urban community in Plateau state, Nigeria. Consenting adults aged 18 years and above were selected using multi stage sampling technique. They completed a semi–structured interviewer administered questionnaire adapted from Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test–Geriatric Version (SMAST-G) and the World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) tools. Majority 154 (55) of the 280 respondents were males and about half were farmers. About 150 (53.6) of respondents had ever consumed alcohol as at the time of data collection and112 (77.4) of them were currently using alcohol. Harmful use was prevalent in 93 (83) of current users. Being male, belonging to age group 38-45years, and being a civil servant or a business person positively predicted har...

Background: The use of genetically modified foods and organisms has continued to gain popularity ... more Background: The use of genetically modified foods and organisms has continued to gain popularity globally, especially in the areas of improved food security and medical research. However, the global acceptance and consumption of these foods are marred by skepticism and controversy due to concerns about their long term health and environmental effects. This study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and perception of genetically modified foods among medical doctors of the Jos University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 among 230 medical doctors who were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Results: Only 19.5% of the 230 respondents were found to have good knowledge of genetically modified foods, while 87% expressed concerns related to possible health risks from the co...

Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria and health care workers are at a high risk of contr... more Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria and health care workers are at a high risk of contracting and transmitting the infection. This study compares Lassa fever prevention practices among health care providers in public and private Primary Health Care facilities in Jos. Methods: The study used a comparative cross-sectional design to study health care workers in 29 Primary Health Care facilities selected using a two-stage sampling technique. All health care workers who attended to patients were interviewed using a semistructured intervieweradministered questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 and a p-value of ≤ 0.5 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of the respondents had neither received on-the-job training on Lassa fever prevention (91.9%) nor Universal Standard Precautions (88.7%). Private Primary Health Care facilities had better supplies and equipment for Lassa fever prevention compared to their pu...

Background: Childhood malnutrition is a public health problem in most developing countries and in... more Background: Childhood malnutrition is a public health problem in most developing countries and in Nigeria, to control it the school feeding programme was launched. This study sought to compare dietary practices and nutritional status of school children on the feeding programme with those not included in the programme, in Jos North Local Government Area, North-Central Nigeria.Methods: This school-based comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among 247 pupils selected using a two-staged sampling technique from four public primary schools; two of which were running the National School Feeding Programme. Data was collected and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. A 95% confidence interval was used and a probability value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the nutritional practices of the pupils in both groups (p = 0.3661) and majority of the pupils on the school feed...

Journal of Epidemiological Society of Nigeria

Background: Animal bites are common and sometimes result in the transmission of preventable disea... more Background: Animal bites are common and sometimes result in the transmission of preventable diseases with high morbidity and fatality. This study sought to determine the pattern of animal bites reported in selected veterinary establishments in Plateau State and the vaccination status of the animals involved. Methods: This was a 3 year retrospective study of vertebrate animal bites of humans reported to 2 public veterinary centres in Jos. Data were extracted from the records of the centres and analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: There were 898 bites reported during the period, about one third (33.3%) of which were in children 1-10 years old. Over half of the victims (52.6%) were males and most (72.2%) resided in urban areas. Almost all the bites (97.9%) were from dogs, with local dogs accounting for 67.7% of dog bites. The lower limbs were the commonest site of bites and 80% of bites were unprovoked. Though 80.2% of animals responsible for the bites had identifiable owners,...

Background .The system used to schedule outpatient appointments affects the time clients wait bef... more Background .The system used to schedule outpatient appointments affects the time clients wait before seeing their doctors. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system used in Jos University Teaching Hospital and the waiting time before consultation. Methods .A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 202 clients selected by multi-stage sampling technique. A trained observer recorded the time patients waited before seeing their doctor. Results. Single block appointment system was used to schedule outpatient appointments for all the subjects. Median waiting time was 220 minutes (IQR 172.50 – 296.25 minutes). There was a significant relationship between type of Clinic and waiting time (p=0.0003). Most of the subjects (79.2%) were not happy with the time they spent waiting to see a doctor although about 57 percent of them were generally satisfied with the services they received in the Hospital. Conclusion. Jos University T...

Int J Biol Med …, 2010

... a b c d Godwin T. Jombo , Emmanuel M. Mbaawuaga , Priscilla Denen Akaa , Olusayo O. Alao , e ... more ... a b c d Godwin T. Jombo , Emmanuel M. Mbaawuaga , Priscilla Denen Akaa , Olusayo O. Alao , e f a g h Etete J. Peters , Simon J. Utsalo , Edward E. Okwori , Tyavyar J. Akosu , Etiobong A. Etukumana ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Original Article ...

Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Sep 30, 2010

Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient... more Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient satisfaction is the lack of a well-designed appointment system. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system patients prefer for their outpatient appointments and the reasons for the system currently in use in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Methodology A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the scheduling officers and,202 outpatient clients selected by multi stage sampling technique. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results Over seventy percent (70.3%) of respondents would prefer time specific (scattered) appointment while only 14.8% would prefer the single block appointment system currently in use in the hospital. The main reasons for using the single block appointment system are that it’s easy and the other appointment systems will make the scheduling task difficult...

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2008

Dental fluorosis is known to occur in some parts of Plateau State, but the factors responsible fo... more Dental fluorosis is known to occur in some parts of Plateau State, but the factors responsible for its occurrence are unknown. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis in Central Plateau. The study was cross-sectional and comparative in design. Subjects were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. One Local Government Area each was randomly selected from the high and low altitude parts of the district, and from each selected Local Government Area two health districts were randomly selected with probability proportional to size. From each of the selected health districts two major settlements were selected again with probability proportional to size. Twelve- to fifteen-year-old lifelong residents of the selected settlements were then selected for study. Each respondent completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire after which he/she was clinically examined to ascertain his/her fluorosis status. Samples of water were collected from water sources consumed by the respondents in each settlement. One thousand one hundred children aged 12-15 years were studied, 554 (50.4%) of which lived in the high altitude part of the district and 546 (49.6%) in the low altitude part of the district. Fluorosis prevalence was significantly associated with altitude and the fluoride level of water. The prevalence of fluorosis was significantly associated with altitude (chi(2) = 85.735, d.f. = 1, P < 0.0001) and the fluoride level of water (chi(2) for trend = 8.009, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05) in the low altitude parts of the district. None of the respondents had used fluoride-containing toothpaste before 4 years of age and none used fluoride supplements. The occurrence of dental fluorosis in Central Plateau could be because of the high altitude of the area and the fluoride concentration of the waters consumed in the district.

Background: Tuberculosis and HIV are major public health problems in Nigeria and preventing the t... more Background: Tuberculosis and HIV are major public health problems in Nigeria and preventing the transmission of TB in health care settings will reduce the burden of the disease in the country. This study assesses the implementation of TB infection control measures in health facilities providing HIV and TB services in Enugu state, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 54 health facilities providing tuberculosis and HIV services in Enugu state, Nigeria. An interviewer administered semi structured questionnaire and observer checklist were used to assess the administrative/workpolicy and environmental control measures being implemented in the facilities for TB control. Results: Fifty four health facilities were studied, 30 secondary and 24 primary. Most of the respondents were medical officers and 52% were females. Nine administrative control/workpolicy and four environmental control measures were covered in the assessment. None of the health facilit...

IOSR Journals, 2019

Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient... more Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient satisfaction is the lack of a well-designed appointment system. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system patients prefer for their outpatient appointments and the reasons for the system currently in use in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Methodology A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the scheduling officers and,202 outpatient clients selected by multi stage sampling technique. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results Over seventy percent (70.3%) of respondents would prefer time specific (scattered) appointment while only 14.8% would prefer the single block appointment system currently in use in the hospital. The main reasons for using the single block appointment system are that it's easy and the other appointment systems will make the scheduling task diff...

Background Driving under the influence of alcohol contribute significantly to morbidity and morta... more Background Driving under the influence of alcohol contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality globally. Studies have reported high prevalence of alcohol use among commercial drivers in many parts of the worldbut such studies have not been reported, to our knowledge, among tricycle drivers even though they play an important role in inner city transport in many cities.The purpose of this studytherefore was to determine the pattern of alcohol use and drink driving among tricycle drivers in Jos, Nigeria and their involvement in road traffic accidents. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 tricycle drivers using an interviewer administered adapted alcohol use AUDIT questionnaire. Data analysis was done with epi info statistical software version 7.2, 95% confidence interval was used with a probability value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results All the one hundred and ninety-five tricycle drivers studiedwere males and all cons...

Background: HIV infected individuals, are central to the prevention and control of HIV in Nigeria... more Background: HIV infected individuals, are central to the prevention and control of HIV in Nigeria. Yet not much is known if they are concerned about preventing transmission of the virus to others. The purpose of this study therefore was to determine the knowledge attitude and practices of patients seeking HIV/AIDS care in Jos towards preventing transmission to others. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among HIV patients registered in the HIV/AIDS clinics of the three major public Hospitals in Jos, Plateau state using a multistage sampling method. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 400 HIV infected individuals comprising 70% females and 30% males were studied. Mean age of respondents was 34.2 ± 0.40 years. Three hundred and twenty-eight (82%) of the respondents knew how to prevent themselves from infecting others with the HIV virus; 93% had good attitude towards preventing the transmission of HIV but 36.5%...

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2015

Background : Anaemia is a major public health problem and contributes significantly to morbidity ... more Background : Anaemia is a major public health problem and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality particularly in children under five. In endemic areas, malaria is a major contributor to its evolution. This study aimed to determine the association of malaria and anaemia in under five children presenting with fever. Methods : Records of under five children that presented with fever in Mani General Hospital for the period June 2012 to May 2013 were reviewed and relevant data extracted and analyzed. Results : There were 411 children aged 6- 59 months that presented with fever and had malaria parasite test and packed cell volume (PCV) done as part of their initial investigation. Median age was 24 months (range 6-54) and 33.3% of the children belonged to the 12 to 23 months age group. A great majority the children had anaemia (87.1%) and malaria parasitemia (88.1%). Severe anaemia (PCV<21%) was found in 26% of the children. There was a statistically significant relationsh...

Background:Food safety and hygiene are essential in promoting and preserving the health of the co... more Background:Food safety and hygiene are essential in promoting and preserving the health of the consumers, given that food borne diseases are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality globally.Unhygienic food has been implicated in the outbreak of several food related illnesses with factors such as poor food handling practices of food vendors as the major culprit. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the level of food safety and hygiene practices and its determinants among food vendors in tertiary hospitals in Plateau state, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross sectional study carried out among 87 food vendors in food vending premises within the four tertiary health institutions in Plateau state, Nigeria using a multi-stage sampling technique and quantitative method of data collection. Epi info statistical software version7.0 was used for data analysis. Crude odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used in this study with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically signi...

# Background Kaposi’s sarcoma became prevalent with the appearance of human immune deficiency vir... more # Background Kaposi’s sarcoma became prevalent with the appearance of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) in the 1980s. However, the widespread use of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduced its prevalence in communities with good access to the antiretroviral drugs. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of Kaposi’s sarcoma among persons receiving HIV care at a tertiary hospital in Jos, Nigeria. # Methods The study used a cross-sectional study design, based on secondary data related to patients who had received HIV care between January 2004 and December 2017. Logistic regression was then used to determine the variables that were predictors of Kaposi’s sarcoma risk. # Results The prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma among the patients was 1.2% (95% confidence interval, CI=1.06-1.34). Patients whose baseline viral loads were higher than 10,000 copies/mm^3^ were three times more likely to develop Kaposi’s sarcoma than those with lesser viral load (OR: 3.13, CI: 2.19-4.47). Gender, duration of HAART and education had modifying effect on the Kaposi’s sarcoma risk. # Conclusions Kaposi’s sarcoma is a substantial public health problem among the HIV population in Jos. Universal access to HAART by the Federal Government of Nigeria and its partners is recommended to reduce its prevalence. In addition, education, skill acquisition and income generating programs should be targeted at girls and women by governments and other stakeholders in order to reduce the inequality that worsens their vulnerability to HIV infection and Kaposi’s sarcoma.

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2008

Abstract – Objectives: Dental fluorosis is known to occur in some parts of Plateau State, but t... more Abstract – Objectives: Dental fluorosis is known to occur in some parts of Plateau State, but the factors responsible for its occurrence are unknown. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis in Central Plateau.Methods: The study was cross-sectional and comparative in design. Subjects were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. One Local Government Area each was randomly selected from the high and low altitude parts of the district, and from each selected Local Government Area two health districts were randomly selected with probability proportional to size. From each of the selected health districts two major settlements were selected again with probability proportional to size. Twelve- to fifteen-year-old lifelong residents of the selected settlements were then selected for study. Each respondent completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire after which he/she was clinically examined to ascertain his/her fluorosis status. Samples of water were collected from water sources consumed by the respondents in each settlement.Results: One thousand one hundred children aged 12–15 years were studied, 554 (50.4%) of which lived in the high altitude part of the district and 546 (49.6%) in the low altitude part of the district. Fluorosis prevalence was significantly associated with altitude and the fluoride level of water. The prevalence of fluorosis was significantly associated with altitude (χ2 = 85.735, d.f. = 1, P < 0.0001) and the fluoride level of water (χ2 for trend = 8.009, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05) in the low altitude parts of the district. None of the respondents had used fluoride-containing toothpaste before 4 years of age and none used fluoride supplements.Conclusion: The occurrence of dental fluorosis in Central Plateau could be because of the high altitude of the area and the fluoride concentration of the waters consumed in the district.

Annals of African Medicine

Alcohol is a commonly used beverage with adverse health and socio-economic consequences when cons... more Alcohol is a commonly used beverage with adverse health and socio-economic consequences when consumed in excessive amounts. This study determined the prevalence and predictors of hazardous alcohol use in a sub-urban community in Plateau state, Nigeria. Consenting adults aged 18 years and above were selected using multi stage sampling technique. They completed a semi–structured interviewer administered questionnaire adapted from Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test–Geriatric Version (SMAST-G) and the World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) tools. Majority 154 (55) of the 280 respondents were males and about half were farmers. About 150 (53.6) of respondents had ever consumed alcohol as at the time of data collection and112 (77.4) of them were currently using alcohol. Harmful use was prevalent in 93 (83) of current users. Being male, belonging to age group 38-45years, and being a civil servant or a business person positively predicted har...

Background: The use of genetically modified foods and organisms has continued to gain popularity ... more Background: The use of genetically modified foods and organisms has continued to gain popularity globally, especially in the areas of improved food security and medical research. However, the global acceptance and consumption of these foods are marred by skepticism and controversy due to concerns about their long term health and environmental effects. This study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and perception of genetically modified foods among medical doctors of the Jos University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 among 230 medical doctors who were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Results: Only 19.5% of the 230 respondents were found to have good knowledge of genetically modified foods, while 87% expressed concerns related to possible health risks from the co...

Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria and health care workers are at a high risk of contr... more Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria and health care workers are at a high risk of contracting and transmitting the infection. This study compares Lassa fever prevention practices among health care providers in public and private Primary Health Care facilities in Jos. Methods: The study used a comparative cross-sectional design to study health care workers in 29 Primary Health Care facilities selected using a two-stage sampling technique. All health care workers who attended to patients were interviewed using a semistructured intervieweradministered questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 and a p-value of ≤ 0.5 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of the respondents had neither received on-the-job training on Lassa fever prevention (91.9%) nor Universal Standard Precautions (88.7%). Private Primary Health Care facilities had better supplies and equipment for Lassa fever prevention compared to their pu...

Background: Childhood malnutrition is a public health problem in most developing countries and in... more Background: Childhood malnutrition is a public health problem in most developing countries and in Nigeria, to control it the school feeding programme was launched. This study sought to compare dietary practices and nutritional status of school children on the feeding programme with those not included in the programme, in Jos North Local Government Area, North-Central Nigeria.Methods: This school-based comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among 247 pupils selected using a two-staged sampling technique from four public primary schools; two of which were running the National School Feeding Programme. Data was collected and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. A 95% confidence interval was used and a probability value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the nutritional practices of the pupils in both groups (p = 0.3661) and majority of the pupils on the school feed...

Journal of Epidemiological Society of Nigeria

Background: Animal bites are common and sometimes result in the transmission of preventable disea... more Background: Animal bites are common and sometimes result in the transmission of preventable diseases with high morbidity and fatality. This study sought to determine the pattern of animal bites reported in selected veterinary establishments in Plateau State and the vaccination status of the animals involved. Methods: This was a 3 year retrospective study of vertebrate animal bites of humans reported to 2 public veterinary centres in Jos. Data were extracted from the records of the centres and analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: There were 898 bites reported during the period, about one third (33.3%) of which were in children 1-10 years old. Over half of the victims (52.6%) were males and most (72.2%) resided in urban areas. Almost all the bites (97.9%) were from dogs, with local dogs accounting for 67.7% of dog bites. The lower limbs were the commonest site of bites and 80% of bites were unprovoked. Though 80.2% of animals responsible for the bites had identifiable owners,...

Background .The system used to schedule outpatient appointments affects the time clients wait bef... more Background .The system used to schedule outpatient appointments affects the time clients wait before seeing their doctors. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system used in Jos University Teaching Hospital and the waiting time before consultation. Methods .A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 202 clients selected by multi-stage sampling technique. A trained observer recorded the time patients waited before seeing their doctor. Results. Single block appointment system was used to schedule outpatient appointments for all the subjects. Median waiting time was 220 minutes (IQR 172.50 – 296.25 minutes). There was a significant relationship between type of Clinic and waiting time (p=0.0003). Most of the subjects (79.2%) were not happy with the time they spent waiting to see a doctor although about 57 percent of them were generally satisfied with the services they received in the Hospital. Conclusion. Jos University T...

Int J Biol Med …, 2010

... a b c d Godwin T. Jombo , Emmanuel M. Mbaawuaga , Priscilla Denen Akaa , Olusayo O. Alao , e ... more ... a b c d Godwin T. Jombo , Emmanuel M. Mbaawuaga , Priscilla Denen Akaa , Olusayo O. Alao , e f a g h Etete J. Peters , Simon J. Utsalo , Edward E. Okwori , Tyavyar J. Akosu , Etiobong A. Etukumana ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Original Article ...

Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Sep 30, 2010

Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient... more Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient satisfaction is the lack of a well-designed appointment system. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system patients prefer for their outpatient appointments and the reasons for the system currently in use in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Methodology A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the scheduling officers and,202 outpatient clients selected by multi stage sampling technique. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results Over seventy percent (70.3%) of respondents would prefer time specific (scattered) appointment while only 14.8% would prefer the single block appointment system currently in use in the hospital. The main reasons for using the single block appointment system are that it’s easy and the other appointment systems will make the scheduling task difficult...

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2008

Dental fluorosis is known to occur in some parts of Plateau State, but the factors responsible fo... more Dental fluorosis is known to occur in some parts of Plateau State, but the factors responsible for its occurrence are unknown. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis in Central Plateau. The study was cross-sectional and comparative in design. Subjects were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. One Local Government Area each was randomly selected from the high and low altitude parts of the district, and from each selected Local Government Area two health districts were randomly selected with probability proportional to size. From each of the selected health districts two major settlements were selected again with probability proportional to size. Twelve- to fifteen-year-old lifelong residents of the selected settlements were then selected for study. Each respondent completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire after which he/she was clinically examined to ascertain his/her fluorosis status. Samples of water were collected from water sources consumed by the respondents in each settlement. One thousand one hundred children aged 12-15 years were studied, 554 (50.4%) of which lived in the high altitude part of the district and 546 (49.6%) in the low altitude part of the district. Fluorosis prevalence was significantly associated with altitude and the fluoride level of water. The prevalence of fluorosis was significantly associated with altitude (chi(2) = 85.735, d.f. = 1, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001) and the fluoride level of water (chi(2) for trend = 8.009, d.f. = 1, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) in the low altitude parts of the district. None of the respondents had used fluoride-containing toothpaste before 4 years of age and none used fluoride supplements. The occurrence of dental fluorosis in Central Plateau could be because of the high altitude of the area and the fluoride concentration of the waters consumed in the district.

Background: Tuberculosis and HIV are major public health problems in Nigeria and preventing the t... more Background: Tuberculosis and HIV are major public health problems in Nigeria and preventing the transmission of TB in health care settings will reduce the burden of the disease in the country. This study assesses the implementation of TB infection control measures in health facilities providing HIV and TB services in Enugu state, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 54 health facilities providing tuberculosis and HIV services in Enugu state, Nigeria. An interviewer administered semi structured questionnaire and observer checklist were used to assess the administrative/workpolicy and environmental control measures being implemented in the facilities for TB control. Results: Fifty four health facilities were studied, 30 secondary and 24 primary. Most of the respondents were medical officers and 52% were females. Nine administrative control/workpolicy and four environmental control measures were covered in the assessment. None of the health facilit...

IOSR Journals, 2019

Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient... more Background One of the major causes of long waiting time in outpatient clinics that affect patient satisfaction is the lack of a well-designed appointment system. The purpose of this study was to determine the appointment system patients prefer for their outpatient appointments and the reasons for the system currently in use in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Methodology A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the scheduling officers and,202 outpatient clients selected by multi stage sampling technique. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results Over seventy percent (70.3%) of respondents would prefer time specific (scattered) appointment while only 14.8% would prefer the single block appointment system currently in use in the hospital. The main reasons for using the single block appointment system are that it's easy and the other appointment systems will make the scheduling task diff...

Background Driving under the influence of alcohol contribute significantly to morbidity and morta... more Background Driving under the influence of alcohol contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality globally. Studies have reported high prevalence of alcohol use among commercial drivers in many parts of the worldbut such studies have not been reported, to our knowledge, among tricycle drivers even though they play an important role in inner city transport in many cities.The purpose of this studytherefore was to determine the pattern of alcohol use and drink driving among tricycle drivers in Jos, Nigeria and their involvement in road traffic accidents. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 tricycle drivers using an interviewer administered adapted alcohol use AUDIT questionnaire. Data analysis was done with epi info statistical software version 7.2, 95% confidence interval was used with a probability value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results All the one hundred and ninety-five tricycle drivers studiedwere males and all cons...

Background: HIV infected individuals, are central to the prevention and control of HIV in Nigeria... more Background: HIV infected individuals, are central to the prevention and control of HIV in Nigeria. Yet not much is known if they are concerned about preventing transmission of the virus to others. The purpose of this study therefore was to determine the knowledge attitude and practices of patients seeking HIV/AIDS care in Jos towards preventing transmission to others. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among HIV patients registered in the HIV/AIDS clinics of the three major public Hospitals in Jos, Plateau state using a multistage sampling method. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 400 HIV infected individuals comprising 70% females and 30% males were studied. Mean age of respondents was 34.2 ± 0.40 years. Three hundred and twenty-eight (82%) of the respondents knew how to prevent themselves from infecting others with the HIV virus; 93% had good attitude towards preventing the transmission of HIV but 36.5%...

Highland Medical Research Journal, 2015

Background : Anaemia is a major public health problem and contributes significantly to morbidity ... more Background : Anaemia is a major public health problem and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality particularly in children under five. In endemic areas, malaria is a major contributor to its evolution. This study aimed to determine the association of malaria and anaemia in under five children presenting with fever. Methods : Records of under five children that presented with fever in Mani General Hospital for the period June 2012 to May 2013 were reviewed and relevant data extracted and analyzed. Results : There were 411 children aged 6- 59 months that presented with fever and had malaria parasite test and packed cell volume (PCV) done as part of their initial investigation. Median age was 24 months (range 6-54) and 33.3% of the children belonged to the 12 to 23 months age group. A great majority the children had anaemia (87.1%) and malaria parasitemia (88.1%). Severe anaemia (PCV<21%) was found in 26% of the children. There was a statistically significant relationsh...

Background:Food safety and hygiene are essential in promoting and preserving the health of the co... more Background:Food safety and hygiene are essential in promoting and preserving the health of the consumers, given that food borne diseases are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality globally.Unhygienic food has been implicated in the outbreak of several food related illnesses with factors such as poor food handling practices of food vendors as the major culprit. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the level of food safety and hygiene practices and its determinants among food vendors in tertiary hospitals in Plateau state, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross sectional study carried out among 87 food vendors in food vending premises within the four tertiary health institutions in Plateau state, Nigeria using a multi-stage sampling technique and quantitative method of data collection. Epi info statistical software version7.0 was used for data analysis. Crude odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used in this study with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically signi...

# Background Kaposi’s sarcoma became prevalent with the appearance of human immune deficiency vir... more # Background Kaposi’s sarcoma became prevalent with the appearance of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) in the 1980s. However, the widespread use of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduced its prevalence in communities with good access to the antiretroviral drugs. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of Kaposi’s sarcoma among persons receiving HIV care at a tertiary hospital in Jos, Nigeria. # Methods The study used a cross-sectional study design, based on secondary data related to patients who had received HIV care between January 2004 and December 2017. Logistic regression was then used to determine the variables that were predictors of Kaposi’s sarcoma risk. # Results The prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma among the patients was 1.2% (95% confidence interval, CI=1.06-1.34). Patients whose baseline viral loads were higher than 10,000 copies/mm^3^ were three times more likely to develop Kaposi’s sarcoma than those with lesser viral load (OR: 3.13, CI: 2.19-4.47). Gender, duration of HAART and education had modifying effect on the Kaposi’s sarcoma risk. # Conclusions Kaposi’s sarcoma is a substantial public health problem among the HIV population in Jos. Universal access to HAART by the Federal Government of Nigeria and its partners is recommended to reduce its prevalence. In addition, education, skill acquisition and income generating programs should be targeted at girls and women by governments and other stakeholders in order to reduce the inequality that worsens their vulnerability to HIV infection and Kaposi’s sarcoma.

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2008

Abstract – Objectives: Dental fluorosis is known to occur in some parts of Plateau State, but t... more Abstract – Objectives: Dental fluorosis is known to occur in some parts of Plateau State, but the factors responsible for its occurrence are unknown. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis in Central Plateau.Methods: The study was cross-sectional and comparative in design. Subjects were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. One Local Government Area each was randomly selected from the high and low altitude parts of the district, and from each selected Local Government Area two health districts were randomly selected with probability proportional to size. From each of the selected health districts two major settlements were selected again with probability proportional to size. Twelve- to fifteen-year-old lifelong residents of the selected settlements were then selected for study. Each respondent completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire after which he/she was clinically examined to ascertain his/her fluorosis status. Samples of water were collected from water sources consumed by the respondents in each settlement.Results: One thousand one hundred children aged 12–15 years were studied, 554 (50.4%) of which lived in the high altitude part of the district and 546 (49.6%) in the low altitude part of the district. Fluorosis prevalence was significantly associated with altitude and the fluoride level of water. The prevalence of fluorosis was significantly associated with altitude (χ2 = 85.735, d.f. = 1, P < 0.0001) and the fluoride level of water (χ2 for trend = 8.009, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05) in the low altitude parts of the district. None of the respondents had used fluoride-containing toothpaste before 4 years of age and none used fluoride supplements.Conclusion: The occurrence of dental fluorosis in Central Plateau could be because of the high altitude of the area and the fluoride concentration of the waters consumed in the district.