Vaishali Prajapati - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Vaishali Prajapati

National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Background: Corneal diseases cause visual impairment and blindness and account for approximately ... more Background: Corneal diseases cause visual impairment and blindness and account for approximately 70–80 lakhs cases of blindness in the world. Treatment for restoring vision in patients with corneal blindness is done with corneal transplantation, which requires corneal donation. At present, in India, the collection of donor’s eyes amounts to around 22,000 eyes each year, which is far less important in terms of need. Therefore, collecting the eyes of donors is of prime importance in any organized effort to reduce corneal blindness. Aims and Objectives: We designed this study to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students toward eye donation. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were given to the 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students and statistical analyses were carried out for checking of knowledge and awareness of the students about eye donation. One hundred and forty-five students from 1st-year MBBS and 145 students from 2nd-year MBBS participated in...

Cureus

Introduction Glaucoma is characterized by the loss of retinal nerve fiber tissues and the loss of... more Introduction Glaucoma is characterized by the loss of retinal nerve fiber tissues and the loss of the neuroretinal rim of the optic nerve head is termed glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). The early diagnosis of glaucoma requires measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) by tonometry. The gold standard method widely used in clinical settings to measure IOP is Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Myopia is also considered a risk factor for glaucoma. Population-based and hospital-based evidence suggests that the prevalence of GON is higher in high myopic eyes than in emmetropic eyes. The present study aims to document the association between myopia and elevated IOP. Materials and methods A total of 400 medium and high myopic patients attending the ophthalmology outpatient department, in a tertiary care hospital, were measured for IOP using GAT and underwent a detailed clinical evaluation. All the patients also underwent slit lamp biomicroscopic examination and fundus examination. Other data included details on demographic, socioeconomic , and occupational history. Results A detailed refractive error examination revealed that amongst 400 right eyes, 67.5% had medium myopia, while 66.75% of the left eye were medium myopic. Amongst the medium myopic eyes, the average IOP was 15.51±3.68 mm of Hg, while in high myopic, the average IOP was 16.19±3.33 mm of Hg. A difference of 0.68 mm of Hg with high myopic eyes having higher IOP values than medium myopic eyes was observed, and it was significant statistically with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion There is a statistically significant association between elevated IOP and the high myopic group. In comparison to IOP measured in medium myopic and high myopic patients, elevated IOP was observed in the high myopic group than in the medium myopic group.

Purpose: Diabetes is a risk factor that predisposes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. T... more Purpose: Diabetes is a risk factor that predisposes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The risk of myocardial infarction in diabetes is 3-4 times higher. In diabetes, high blood glucose levels lead to vascular inflammation which accelerates atherosclerosis. Hence, we evaluate the mechanism involved in the cardioprotective action of Morin in diabetic rats. Methods: In male Wistar rats, streptozotocin (70 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered to induce diabetes and, rats with fasting blood glucose levels >400 mg/dl were considered diabetic and included in the study. These rats were divided into five groups (n=8), i.e., Normal; Diabetic-control; Diabetes+Isoproterenol (ISO); Diabetes+ISO+Morin and, Diabetes+Morin. Morin was orally administered at the dose of 40 mg/kg for 28 days and on the 27th and 28th day ISO was administered to designate groups at the dose of 85mg/kg s.c., to induce myocardial infarction. Results: Free radical generation in diabetes as well as the rush of ROS fo...

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Due to ongoing pandemic, majority of the academic teaching is executed on online platforms, leadi... more Due to ongoing pandemic, majority of the academic teaching is executed on online platforms, leading to extended screen time. Anecdotal evidence suggests long-term ophthalmic impact of extended screen time. Present study was carried out to document eye related problems amongst adult university/college students undertaking online classes to document the effects of online teaching. An online survey method was undertaken in the month of July, 2020 amongst university/ college students of Gujarat using google form. All possible social media platforms were used to collect the data from students of Gujarat. Epi Info and SPSS were used and both descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. A total of 620 students from the various streams participated in the study where around 56.5% were female respondents. The majority of students (88% of participants) had noticed eye problems out of that 39.1% of participants felt that online teaching as a reason. Headache (54.0%) was the most common problem experienced by the participants followed by Pain in eyes (34%) and Watering (26.3%). To conclude online teaching has led to increased eye strain and other eye-related problems in university/college going students and risk factors for severity included sessions attended per day, the distance at device kept, and the enjoyment level. In spite of the high incidence of ophthalmic issues, none of the respondents contacted any ophthalmologist for the same.

PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, Apr 15, 2022

Background: Obesity is a major health problem in children & adults. Due to physiological changes ... more Background: Obesity is a major health problem in children & adults. Due to physiological changes during growing up in children and adolescents, it is difficult to develop one simple index for measurement of overweight & obesity. So, this study was carried out to identify simple methods like neck, waist, wrist, and mid upper arm circumference used as screening tools for overweight & obesity. Objective: To correlate neck, waist, wrist & mid upper arm circumference with BMI for prediction of overweight. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on healthy urban school going children in the age group of 9-17 years old. After measuring height and weight, BMI (body mass index) was calculated and nutritional status was classified. BMI was compared to neck, waist, wrist & mid upper arm circumferences to find out correlation. Cut off values of all four parameters to predict overweight & obesity were obtained by analysing the ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve. Result: Total 907 students of age group 9 to 17 years old were screened. Correlation of Neck circumference (NC), Waist circumference (WC), Wrist Circumference (WrC) and Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) with BMI by Pearson's correlation coefficient were correlated positively. The bland Altman plots showed higher concentration of points at the 95% limit of agreement (±1.96 SD) and that the mean difference in Z-score of two tests was equal or close to zero. AUROC for NC was 0.81, for WC 0.9, for WrC 0.811 and for MUAC 0.893. Conclusion: Neck circumference, Waist circumference, Wrist circumference and Mid upper arm circumference can be used as a screening test for predicting overweight or obesity in adolescents. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Cureus

Unintentional eye injuries are common in small children. If left unobserved by parents or caretak... more Unintentional eye injuries are common in small children. If left unobserved by parents or caretakers, it is challenging to assess as the kids are in distress and pain. Penetrating trauma in or near the eye requires urgent treatment as it can lead to infection and other complications. Early diagnosis and management help avoid further complications. An 11-month-old female was presented by her parents at a tertiary care clinic with inconsolable crying and swelling over the right eye's upper lid for one day. There was a history of possible trauma with a pen while the child was playing. During the examination, swelling in the right periorbital region between the eye and nasal bridge with the opening of the foreign body tract was noted. A skull X-ray with orbit showed a radiopaque nib of the pen in the right periorbital soft tissue. Emergency surgery was planned under general anesthesia. Surgery was performed and the pen was extracted from the right periorbital soft tissue lying between the eye and nasal bridge. Parents and health care providers, including pediatricians, should assess a crying child with a trauma history carefully even with no apparent clinical findings. Efforts must be done to correlate clinical findings with proper history and other needed investigations.

Cureus, Aug 2, 2022

Introduction Worldwide, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Ea... more Introduction Worldwide, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Early treatment and screening for DR have a major role in reducing the rate of the disease and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related restrictions have altered real-world practice patterns in managing DR. Aims and objectives To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of DR amongst patients presenting to a tertiary eye care center in Gujarat, India. Methods This is a cross-sectional study comparison of ophthalmic findings of 72 patients who presented to a tertiary care hospital with the manifestation of DR before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent lockdown. All the patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Results The mean age of participants was 54.5 years, with the mean duration of diabetes being five years since first detected. Diabetes was present in 26 patients out of 72. The number of follow-up visits to an ophthalmologist before COVID-19 was at least every one to three months, which significantly decreased after the lockdown of COVID-19. We found a significant progression of DR and clinically significant macular edema (CSME) in patients with diabetes. Before COVID-19, there were two mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), seven moderate NPDR, 15 severe NPDR, and 15 very severe NPDR, which were increased post lockdown to three, nine, 27, and 21, respectively. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) vitreous hemorrhage (VH) and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) were also increased to 12 after lockdown as compared to only six before the COVID-19 lockdown. The causes for progression are inability to attend regular checkups , inability to take proper treatment of diabetes and DR, poor control of diabetes, episode of COVID-19, history of high dose of steroid use, poor kidney function, and not knowing that there is a progression of the disease. A common reason for not visiting an ophthalmologist was fear of the unknown due to COVID-19. Conclusions COVID-19 has severely impacted the routine follow-up of DR and, in the subsequent years, there might be an increased incidence of severe outcomes due to DR. The second wave of COVID-19 and its lockdown have had very significant effects on the visual outcome of untreated DR patients.

The work objective is to create an open-source event management system whose main purpose is to a... more The work objective is to create an open-source event management system whose main purpose is to allow its users to view, create and manage events. In order to complete this project specific requirements were set, a detailed survey of potential users was carried out, similar systems were analyzed and the most appropriate technical solutions were chosen. The final functionality of the system consists of a user registration, event creation and management, the possibility of seeing other user-created events and the ability to register to them, event assessment and commenting

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Introduction: Pterygium is an extremely common ocular condition believed to be occurring due to p... more Introduction: Pterygium is an extremely common ocular condition believed to be occurring due to proliferation and overgrowth of abnormal epithelial and fibrovascular tissue onto the cornea. They are characterized by cellular proliferation, neovascularization, and inflammation. Ultraviolet rays (UVR) induced elastoid degeneration of subepithelial connective tissue, genetic alteration associated altered cytokine expression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pterygium. The recent treatment entities include conjunctival autograft with good results. The most commonly used means of fixating conjunctival autografts is by sutures or fibrin glue. Aim: This study aimed at comparative assessment of postoperative outcomes of pterygium excision surgery with autograft using autologous blood versus conventional sutures. Methods: Forty post-operative cases of pterygium excision surgery with conjunctival autograft were enrolled in the study and serially followed up. The study included tw...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organs and cells undergo dam... more Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organs and cells undergo damage mediated by tissue-binding autoantibodies and immune complexes. At the onset, SLE may involve only one organ (additional manifestations may occur later) or multiple organs. The ocular manifestations are varied and involve the lids, cornea, sclera and or orbit. There may be associated secondary Sjogren's syndrome, conjunctival haemorrhages, retinal vascular disease with retinal haemorrhages and neuro-ophthalmic lesions. Pan-ophthalmic involvement is rare and sight threatening and requires urgent ophthalmic intervention. We hereby present an unusual case of pan-ophthalmic inflammation in case of acute systemic lupus.

National journal of community medicine, 2015

Introduction: Congenital malformations are major contributors of neonatal mortality or lifelong d... more Introduction: Congenital malformations are major contributors of neonatal mortality or lifelong disability. Early diagnosis and early surgical treatment when required can prevent neonatal deaths and help for better survival.

National journal of community medicine, 2016

Result: Values of S.ALT, S.LDH and S.ALT:S.LDH were 121-1170 (mean 293±266), 150-2150 (mean 677±5... more Result: Values of S.ALT, S.LDH and S.ALT:S.LDH were 121-1170 (mean 293±266), 150-2150 (mean 677±543) and 0.07-3.5 (0.52±0.5) respectively in enteric hepatitis, while in viral hepatitis were 5802280 (1320±293), 290-1180 (445±180) and 4.5-87.2 (40±15) respectively. There is much more alteration of S.ALT level in patient of viral hepatitis as compared to typhoid hepatitis (p<0.05) and levels of LDH are more raised in patients of typhoid hepatitis as compared to viral hepatitis (p <0.05).So,the values of S.ALT:LDH ratio are higher in acute viral hepatitis as compared to enteric hepatitis (p<0.05).

National journal of community medicine, 2016

Introduction: After discontinuation of mercury sphygmomanometer, aneroid BP instrument and digita... more Introduction: After discontinuation of mercury sphygmomanometer, aneroid BP instrument and digital manual BP instrument are commonly used methods in clinical practice. This study was opted to compare the results of blood pressure measurement by aneroid and digital manual sphygmomanometer and determine the agreement between the two apparatus. Material and Method: After written consent, nursing students of Shardaben General Hospital were enrolled in the study. Their blood pressure was measured by both the methods at 5 minute interval in left upper limb. Their reading was documented and analyzed by appropriate statistical test. Results: Mean Systolic Blood pressure by digital and aneroid sphygmomanometer was 108.92+15.14 and 109.66+ 16.81 mm of Hg respectively. Mean Diastolic Blood pressure by digital and aneroid sphygmomanometer was 76.20+12.25 and 78.02+14.35 mm of Hg. By Bland-Altman test, the bias for mean systolic BP was 0.74(-9.0-10.5) and 1.8(_8.28_11.93) for mean diastolic BP by both the apparatus which is clinically non-significant. Conclusion: Blood pressure readings by digital manual and aneroid sphygmomanometer are comparable, so both the apparatus can be used interchangeably in clinical practice.

Associate professor of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hos... more Associate professor of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad 2* Assistant professor of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad 3 Professor and Head of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad M.S.Ophthalmology; Private Practice at Delhi 5 Resident of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad

Indian journal of applied research, 2016

Accurate temperature measurement remains a key element for any health care services. Axillary dig... more Accurate temperature measurement remains a key element for any health care services. Axillary digital thermometry is a well accepted method everywhere. Objective: To compare the results of two methods of temperature measurements by non contact infrared thermometers and digital thermometers in children and determine the agreement between the two methods. Design:Prospective comparative study Duration: 1 st May to 15 th May 2014. Setting: Pediatric ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital at Smt. SCLGH, Ahmedabad. Method: Body temperature of children admitted in pediatric ward was measured by both digital and non contact infrared thermometers. Result: Statistical analysis by Bland Altman plot suggests that the two methods do not agree. Conclusion: infrared thermometers need some improvement in technology to become accurate for temperature measurement.

Results: Out of the 351 children in the study, 61.8% were exclusively breast fed up to 6 months.1... more Results: Out of the 351 children in the study, 61.8% were exclusively breast fed up to 6 months.12 (3.4%) were non vaccinated, 76(21.7%) partially vaccinated, 42(12%) were severely malnourished. Among those children who were not exclusively breast fed till 6m, had higher incidence of illnesses and severe malnutrition. From the 12(3.4%) children who were non vaccinated, 8(66.7%) had diarrhea, 3(25%) had pneumonia and 3(25%) severely malnourished.

BACKGROUND India has the highest number of patients with amblyopia worldwide. For this study, we ... more BACKGROUND India has the highest number of patients with amblyopia worldwide. For this study, we have developed a novel gaming tablet for amblyopia treatment, called Occlu-tab, which can present visual stimuli to only one eye while both eyes are open. OBJECTIVE To investigate if Occlu-tab, a gaming tablet with invisible display, is effective in improving visual acuity in children with amblyopia. METHODS We recruited 12 children with amblyopia in India to undergo Occlu-tab training. With Occlu-tab, we used eight games to provide patients with well-known techniques for vision therapy: fixation, eye-hand coordination, and pursuit eye movement. Participants were instructed to play with the Occlu-tab in a silent therapy room for 60 min per day, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks while wearing perfectly corrected glasses. The best-corrected visual acuity was determined every 2 weeks until the end of the treatment. RESULTS All 12 participants showed improved visual acuity after 4-6 weeks of trea...

MedPulse International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019

Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with o... more Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) without anterior vitrectomy in preventing secondary opacification of the visual axis following pediatric cataract surgery in age more than 2 years. Methods: In a prospective evaluation, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and refractive error were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. The surgical technique was posterior curvilinear capsulorhexis with optic capture with three piece hydrophobic IOL (MA60AC) after cataract extraction. The incidence of posterior capsular opacification and other complications of pediatric cataract surgery were studied. The follow-up period was from 6 to 36 months. Results: In 75 consecutive eyes of 45 children operated with age range 2 to 8 years (mean, 3.3 years), there was no significant opacification of the visual axis at a mean follow-up of 19 months after surgery (range, 6-36 months). Conclusion: The posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with posterior optic capture with three-piece hydrophobic lens without anterior vitrectomy is safe and effective in the treatment of pediatric cataract in the prevention of secondary opacification of the visual axis.

National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Background: Corneal diseases cause visual impairment and blindness and account for approximately ... more Background: Corneal diseases cause visual impairment and blindness and account for approximately 70–80 lakhs cases of blindness in the world. Treatment for restoring vision in patients with corneal blindness is done with corneal transplantation, which requires corneal donation. At present, in India, the collection of donor’s eyes amounts to around 22,000 eyes each year, which is far less important in terms of need. Therefore, collecting the eyes of donors is of prime importance in any organized effort to reduce corneal blindness. Aims and Objectives: We designed this study to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students toward eye donation. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were given to the 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students and statistical analyses were carried out for checking of knowledge and awareness of the students about eye donation. One hundred and forty-five students from 1st-year MBBS and 145 students from 2nd-year MBBS participated in...

Cureus

Introduction Glaucoma is characterized by the loss of retinal nerve fiber tissues and the loss of... more Introduction Glaucoma is characterized by the loss of retinal nerve fiber tissues and the loss of the neuroretinal rim of the optic nerve head is termed glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). The early diagnosis of glaucoma requires measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) by tonometry. The gold standard method widely used in clinical settings to measure IOP is Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Myopia is also considered a risk factor for glaucoma. Population-based and hospital-based evidence suggests that the prevalence of GON is higher in high myopic eyes than in emmetropic eyes. The present study aims to document the association between myopia and elevated IOP. Materials and methods A total of 400 medium and high myopic patients attending the ophthalmology outpatient department, in a tertiary care hospital, were measured for IOP using GAT and underwent a detailed clinical evaluation. All the patients also underwent slit lamp biomicroscopic examination and fundus examination. Other data included details on demographic, socioeconomic , and occupational history. Results A detailed refractive error examination revealed that amongst 400 right eyes, 67.5% had medium myopia, while 66.75% of the left eye were medium myopic. Amongst the medium myopic eyes, the average IOP was 15.51±3.68 mm of Hg, while in high myopic, the average IOP was 16.19±3.33 mm of Hg. A difference of 0.68 mm of Hg with high myopic eyes having higher IOP values than medium myopic eyes was observed, and it was significant statistically with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion There is a statistically significant association between elevated IOP and the high myopic group. In comparison to IOP measured in medium myopic and high myopic patients, elevated IOP was observed in the high myopic group than in the medium myopic group.

Purpose: Diabetes is a risk factor that predisposes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. T... more Purpose: Diabetes is a risk factor that predisposes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The risk of myocardial infarction in diabetes is 3-4 times higher. In diabetes, high blood glucose levels lead to vascular inflammation which accelerates atherosclerosis. Hence, we evaluate the mechanism involved in the cardioprotective action of Morin in diabetic rats. Methods: In male Wistar rats, streptozotocin (70 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered to induce diabetes and, rats with fasting blood glucose levels >400 mg/dl were considered diabetic and included in the study. These rats were divided into five groups (n=8), i.e., Normal; Diabetic-control; Diabetes+Isoproterenol (ISO); Diabetes+ISO+Morin and, Diabetes+Morin. Morin was orally administered at the dose of 40 mg/kg for 28 days and on the 27th and 28th day ISO was administered to designate groups at the dose of 85mg/kg s.c., to induce myocardial infarction. Results: Free radical generation in diabetes as well as the rush of ROS fo...

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Due to ongoing pandemic, majority of the academic teaching is executed on online platforms, leadi... more Due to ongoing pandemic, majority of the academic teaching is executed on online platforms, leading to extended screen time. Anecdotal evidence suggests long-term ophthalmic impact of extended screen time. Present study was carried out to document eye related problems amongst adult university/college students undertaking online classes to document the effects of online teaching. An online survey method was undertaken in the month of July, 2020 amongst university/ college students of Gujarat using google form. All possible social media platforms were used to collect the data from students of Gujarat. Epi Info and SPSS were used and both descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. A total of 620 students from the various streams participated in the study where around 56.5% were female respondents. The majority of students (88% of participants) had noticed eye problems out of that 39.1% of participants felt that online teaching as a reason. Headache (54.0%) was the most common problem experienced by the participants followed by Pain in eyes (34%) and Watering (26.3%). To conclude online teaching has led to increased eye strain and other eye-related problems in university/college going students and risk factors for severity included sessions attended per day, the distance at device kept, and the enjoyment level. In spite of the high incidence of ophthalmic issues, none of the respondents contacted any ophthalmologist for the same.

PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, Apr 15, 2022

Background: Obesity is a major health problem in children & adults. Due to physiological changes ... more Background: Obesity is a major health problem in children & adults. Due to physiological changes during growing up in children and adolescents, it is difficult to develop one simple index for measurement of overweight & obesity. So, this study was carried out to identify simple methods like neck, waist, wrist, and mid upper arm circumference used as screening tools for overweight & obesity. Objective: To correlate neck, waist, wrist & mid upper arm circumference with BMI for prediction of overweight. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on healthy urban school going children in the age group of 9-17 years old. After measuring height and weight, BMI (body mass index) was calculated and nutritional status was classified. BMI was compared to neck, waist, wrist & mid upper arm circumferences to find out correlation. Cut off values of all four parameters to predict overweight & obesity were obtained by analysing the ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve. Result: Total 907 students of age group 9 to 17 years old were screened. Correlation of Neck circumference (NC), Waist circumference (WC), Wrist Circumference (WrC) and Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) with BMI by Pearson's correlation coefficient were correlated positively. The bland Altman plots showed higher concentration of points at the 95% limit of agreement (±1.96 SD) and that the mean difference in Z-score of two tests was equal or close to zero. AUROC for NC was 0.81, for WC 0.9, for WrC 0.811 and for MUAC 0.893. Conclusion: Neck circumference, Waist circumference, Wrist circumference and Mid upper arm circumference can be used as a screening test for predicting overweight or obesity in adolescents. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Cureus

Unintentional eye injuries are common in small children. If left unobserved by parents or caretak... more Unintentional eye injuries are common in small children. If left unobserved by parents or caretakers, it is challenging to assess as the kids are in distress and pain. Penetrating trauma in or near the eye requires urgent treatment as it can lead to infection and other complications. Early diagnosis and management help avoid further complications. An 11-month-old female was presented by her parents at a tertiary care clinic with inconsolable crying and swelling over the right eye's upper lid for one day. There was a history of possible trauma with a pen while the child was playing. During the examination, swelling in the right periorbital region between the eye and nasal bridge with the opening of the foreign body tract was noted. A skull X-ray with orbit showed a radiopaque nib of the pen in the right periorbital soft tissue. Emergency surgery was planned under general anesthesia. Surgery was performed and the pen was extracted from the right periorbital soft tissue lying between the eye and nasal bridge. Parents and health care providers, including pediatricians, should assess a crying child with a trauma history carefully even with no apparent clinical findings. Efforts must be done to correlate clinical findings with proper history and other needed investigations.

Cureus, Aug 2, 2022

Introduction Worldwide, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Ea... more Introduction Worldwide, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Early treatment and screening for DR have a major role in reducing the rate of the disease and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related restrictions have altered real-world practice patterns in managing DR. Aims and objectives To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of DR amongst patients presenting to a tertiary eye care center in Gujarat, India. Methods This is a cross-sectional study comparison of ophthalmic findings of 72 patients who presented to a tertiary care hospital with the manifestation of DR before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent lockdown. All the patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Results The mean age of participants was 54.5 years, with the mean duration of diabetes being five years since first detected. Diabetes was present in 26 patients out of 72. The number of follow-up visits to an ophthalmologist before COVID-19 was at least every one to three months, which significantly decreased after the lockdown of COVID-19. We found a significant progression of DR and clinically significant macular edema (CSME) in patients with diabetes. Before COVID-19, there were two mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), seven moderate NPDR, 15 severe NPDR, and 15 very severe NPDR, which were increased post lockdown to three, nine, 27, and 21, respectively. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) vitreous hemorrhage (VH) and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) were also increased to 12 after lockdown as compared to only six before the COVID-19 lockdown. The causes for progression are inability to attend regular checkups , inability to take proper treatment of diabetes and DR, poor control of diabetes, episode of COVID-19, history of high dose of steroid use, poor kidney function, and not knowing that there is a progression of the disease. A common reason for not visiting an ophthalmologist was fear of the unknown due to COVID-19. Conclusions COVID-19 has severely impacted the routine follow-up of DR and, in the subsequent years, there might be an increased incidence of severe outcomes due to DR. The second wave of COVID-19 and its lockdown have had very significant effects on the visual outcome of untreated DR patients.

The work objective is to create an open-source event management system whose main purpose is to a... more The work objective is to create an open-source event management system whose main purpose is to allow its users to view, create and manage events. In order to complete this project specific requirements were set, a detailed survey of potential users was carried out, similar systems were analyzed and the most appropriate technical solutions were chosen. The final functionality of the system consists of a user registration, event creation and management, the possibility of seeing other user-created events and the ability to register to them, event assessment and commenting

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Introduction: Pterygium is an extremely common ocular condition believed to be occurring due to p... more Introduction: Pterygium is an extremely common ocular condition believed to be occurring due to proliferation and overgrowth of abnormal epithelial and fibrovascular tissue onto the cornea. They are characterized by cellular proliferation, neovascularization, and inflammation. Ultraviolet rays (UVR) induced elastoid degeneration of subepithelial connective tissue, genetic alteration associated altered cytokine expression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pterygium. The recent treatment entities include conjunctival autograft with good results. The most commonly used means of fixating conjunctival autografts is by sutures or fibrin glue. Aim: This study aimed at comparative assessment of postoperative outcomes of pterygium excision surgery with autograft using autologous blood versus conventional sutures. Methods: Forty post-operative cases of pterygium excision surgery with conjunctival autograft were enrolled in the study and serially followed up. The study included tw...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organs and cells undergo dam... more Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organs and cells undergo damage mediated by tissue-binding autoantibodies and immune complexes. At the onset, SLE may involve only one organ (additional manifestations may occur later) or multiple organs. The ocular manifestations are varied and involve the lids, cornea, sclera and or orbit. There may be associated secondary Sjogren's syndrome, conjunctival haemorrhages, retinal vascular disease with retinal haemorrhages and neuro-ophthalmic lesions. Pan-ophthalmic involvement is rare and sight threatening and requires urgent ophthalmic intervention. We hereby present an unusual case of pan-ophthalmic inflammation in case of acute systemic lupus.

National journal of community medicine, 2015

Introduction: Congenital malformations are major contributors of neonatal mortality or lifelong d... more Introduction: Congenital malformations are major contributors of neonatal mortality or lifelong disability. Early diagnosis and early surgical treatment when required can prevent neonatal deaths and help for better survival.

National journal of community medicine, 2016

Result: Values of S.ALT, S.LDH and S.ALT:S.LDH were 121-1170 (mean 293±266), 150-2150 (mean 677±5... more Result: Values of S.ALT, S.LDH and S.ALT:S.LDH were 121-1170 (mean 293±266), 150-2150 (mean 677±543) and 0.07-3.5 (0.52±0.5) respectively in enteric hepatitis, while in viral hepatitis were 5802280 (1320±293), 290-1180 (445±180) and 4.5-87.2 (40±15) respectively. There is much more alteration of S.ALT level in patient of viral hepatitis as compared to typhoid hepatitis (p<0.05) and levels of LDH are more raised in patients of typhoid hepatitis as compared to viral hepatitis (p <0.05).So,the values of S.ALT:LDH ratio are higher in acute viral hepatitis as compared to enteric hepatitis (p<0.05).

National journal of community medicine, 2016

Introduction: After discontinuation of mercury sphygmomanometer, aneroid BP instrument and digita... more Introduction: After discontinuation of mercury sphygmomanometer, aneroid BP instrument and digital manual BP instrument are commonly used methods in clinical practice. This study was opted to compare the results of blood pressure measurement by aneroid and digital manual sphygmomanometer and determine the agreement between the two apparatus. Material and Method: After written consent, nursing students of Shardaben General Hospital were enrolled in the study. Their blood pressure was measured by both the methods at 5 minute interval in left upper limb. Their reading was documented and analyzed by appropriate statistical test. Results: Mean Systolic Blood pressure by digital and aneroid sphygmomanometer was 108.92+15.14 and 109.66+ 16.81 mm of Hg respectively. Mean Diastolic Blood pressure by digital and aneroid sphygmomanometer was 76.20+12.25 and 78.02+14.35 mm of Hg. By Bland-Altman test, the bias for mean systolic BP was 0.74(-9.0-10.5) and 1.8(_8.28_11.93) for mean diastolic BP by both the apparatus which is clinically non-significant. Conclusion: Blood pressure readings by digital manual and aneroid sphygmomanometer are comparable, so both the apparatus can be used interchangeably in clinical practice.

Associate professor of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hos... more Associate professor of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad 2* Assistant professor of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad 3 Professor and Head of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad M.S.Ophthalmology; Private Practice at Delhi 5 Resident of squint unit, M & J Westwern regional institute of ophthalmology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad

Indian journal of applied research, 2016

Accurate temperature measurement remains a key element for any health care services. Axillary dig... more Accurate temperature measurement remains a key element for any health care services. Axillary digital thermometry is a well accepted method everywhere. Objective: To compare the results of two methods of temperature measurements by non contact infrared thermometers and digital thermometers in children and determine the agreement between the two methods. Design:Prospective comparative study Duration: 1 st May to 15 th May 2014. Setting: Pediatric ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital at Smt. SCLGH, Ahmedabad. Method: Body temperature of children admitted in pediatric ward was measured by both digital and non contact infrared thermometers. Result: Statistical analysis by Bland Altman plot suggests that the two methods do not agree. Conclusion: infrared thermometers need some improvement in technology to become accurate for temperature measurement.

Results: Out of the 351 children in the study, 61.8% were exclusively breast fed up to 6 months.1... more Results: Out of the 351 children in the study, 61.8% were exclusively breast fed up to 6 months.12 (3.4%) were non vaccinated, 76(21.7%) partially vaccinated, 42(12%) were severely malnourished. Among those children who were not exclusively breast fed till 6m, had higher incidence of illnesses and severe malnutrition. From the 12(3.4%) children who were non vaccinated, 8(66.7%) had diarrhea, 3(25%) had pneumonia and 3(25%) severely malnourished.

BACKGROUND India has the highest number of patients with amblyopia worldwide. For this study, we ... more BACKGROUND India has the highest number of patients with amblyopia worldwide. For this study, we have developed a novel gaming tablet for amblyopia treatment, called Occlu-tab, which can present visual stimuli to only one eye while both eyes are open. OBJECTIVE To investigate if Occlu-tab, a gaming tablet with invisible display, is effective in improving visual acuity in children with amblyopia. METHODS We recruited 12 children with amblyopia in India to undergo Occlu-tab training. With Occlu-tab, we used eight games to provide patients with well-known techniques for vision therapy: fixation, eye-hand coordination, and pursuit eye movement. Participants were instructed to play with the Occlu-tab in a silent therapy room for 60 min per day, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks while wearing perfectly corrected glasses. The best-corrected visual acuity was determined every 2 weeks until the end of the treatment. RESULTS All 12 participants showed improved visual acuity after 4-6 weeks of trea...

MedPulse International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019

Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with o... more Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) without anterior vitrectomy in preventing secondary opacification of the visual axis following pediatric cataract surgery in age more than 2 years. Methods: In a prospective evaluation, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and refractive error were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. The surgical technique was posterior curvilinear capsulorhexis with optic capture with three piece hydrophobic IOL (MA60AC) after cataract extraction. The incidence of posterior capsular opacification and other complications of pediatric cataract surgery were studied. The follow-up period was from 6 to 36 months. Results: In 75 consecutive eyes of 45 children operated with age range 2 to 8 years (mean, 3.3 years), there was no significant opacification of the visual axis at a mean follow-up of 19 months after surgery (range, 6-36 months). Conclusion: The posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with posterior optic capture with three-piece hydrophobic lens without anterior vitrectomy is safe and effective in the treatment of pediatric cataract in the prevention of secondary opacification of the visual axis.