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Papers by Vanessa Herrera
ABSTRACTBackgroundPeru is the worst affected country by the COVID-19 pandemic showing the world h... more ABSTRACTBackgroundPeru is the worst affected country by the COVID-19 pandemic showing the world highest mortality rate, thus triggering an increased mental health burden. Nevertheless, there are few population-based epidemiologic surveys of mental disorders in Peru; Therefore, nationally representative research is needed to understand the underlying population-based mental health burden and identify unmet care needs.ObjectiveThe present study aims to estimate the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders, mental health service use, and unmet mental health care needsMethodsThis cross-sectional study will collect information from a multistage random sample of 19,500 households. A child, an adolescent, an adult, and an older adult will be interviewed in the household. Trained staff will conduct face-to-face diagnostic interviews via the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, the WHO’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a...
Check List, 2022
We report the first records of two mosquito species, Wyeomyia (Wyeomyia) abebela Dyar & Knab, 190... more We report the first records of two mosquito species, Wyeomyia (Wyeomyia) abebela Dyar & Knab, 1908 and W. (Hystatomyia) coenonus Dyar & Knab, 1913, from the Choco Biosphere Reserve, a global biodiversity hotspot in Ecuador. We collected these mosquitoes in the Mashpi Lodge Reserve, a conserved natural area. Specimens were collected during their immature stages in bromeliads using a 375-ml absorber dropper. Our new data for W. abelela increases the geographical distribution of this species to include seven countries of America (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, and Ecuador); W. coenonus is now known from two countries of America (Panama and Ecuador), and our records of W. abelela and W. coenonus are the first from South America.
Monitoring the secretion of proteins from single cells can provide important insights into how ce... more Monitoring the secretion of proteins from single cells can provide important insights into how cells respond to their microenvironment. This is particularly true for immune cells, which can exhibit a large degree of response heterogeneity. Microfabricated well arrays provide a powerful and versatile method to assess the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors from single cells, but detection sensitivity has been limited to high levels on the order of 10,000 per cell. Recently, we reported a quantum dot-based immunoassay that lowered the detection limit for the cytokine TNF-α to concentrations to nearly the single-cell level. Here, we adapted this detection method to three additional targets while maintaining high detection sensitivity. Specifically, we detected MCP-1, TGF-β, IL-10, and TNF-α using quantum dots with different emission spectra, each of which displayed a detection threshold in the range of 1-10 fM or ∼1-2 molecules per well. We then quantified secretion of all four proteins from single macrophage cells that were stimulated toward a pro-inflammatory state with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or toward a pro-healing state with both LPS and interleukin 4 (IL-4). We found that MCP-1 and TGF-β were predominantly secreted at high levels only (>10,000 molecules/cell), while a substantial number of cells secreted IL-10 and TNF-α at lower levels that could only be detected using our method. Subsequent principal component and cluster analysis revealed that secretion profiles could be classified as either exclusively pro-inflammatory, including MCP-1 and/or TNF-α, or more subtle responses displaying both pro-healing and pro-inflammatory characters. Our results highlight the heterogeneous and nondiscrete nature of macrophage phenotypes following in vitro stimulation of a cell line. Future work will focus on expanding the multiplexing capacity by extending emission spectra bandwidth and/or spatially barcoding capture antibodies, as well as evaluating the enhanced detection sensitivity capabilities with normal and diseased immune cell populations in vitro and in vivo.
The Analyst, 2018
Single cell analysis methods are increasingly being utilized to investigate how individual cells ... more Single cell analysis methods are increasingly being utilized to investigate how individual cells process information and respond to diverse stimuli. Soluble proteins play a critical role in controlling cell populations and tissues, but directly monitoring secretion is technically challenging. Microfabricated well arrays have been developed to assess secretion at the single cell level, but these systems are limited by low detection sensitivity. Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) exhibit remarkably bright and photostable luminescence signal, but to date they have not been evaluated in single cell secretion studies using microfabricated well arrays. Here, we used QDs in a sandwich immunoassay to detect secretion of the soluble cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from single cells. To enhance detection sensitivity, we employed two different strategies. First, we used a unique single QD imaging approach, which provided a detection threshold (180 attomolar) that was >100-fold lower t...
International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2017
Background: Mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) use disorders are a leading cause of disabi... more Background: Mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) use disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide; specifically in Peru, MNS affect 1 in 5 persons. However, the great majority of people suffering from these disorders do not access care, thereby making necessary the improvement of existing conditions including a major rearranging of current health system structures beyond care delivery strategies. This paper reviews and examines recent developments in mental health policies in Peru, presenting an overview of the initiatives currently being introduced and the main implementation challenges they face. Methods: Key documents issued by Peruvian governmental entities regarding mental health were reviewed to identify and describe the path that led to the beginning of the reform; how the ongoing reform is taking place; and, the plan and scope for scale-up. Results: Since 2004, mental health has gained importance in policies and regulations, resulting in the promotion of a mental health reform within the national healthcare system. These efforts crystallized in 2012 with the passing of Law 29889 which introduced several changes to the delivery of mental healthcare, including a restructuring of mental health service delivery to occur at the primary and secondary care levels and the introduction of supporting services to aid in patient recovery and reintegration into society. In addition, a performance-based budget was approved to guarantee the implementation of these changes. Some of the main challenges faced by this reform are related to the diversity of the implementation settings, eg, isolated rural areas, and the limitations of the existing specialized mental health institutes to substantially grow in parallel to the scaling-up efforts in order to be able to provide training and clinical support to every region of Peru. Conclusion: Although the true success of the mental healthcare reform will be determined in the coming years, thus far, Peru has achieved a number of legal, policy and fiscal milestones, thereby presenting a unique and fertile environment for the expansion of mental health services.
The lancet. Psychiatry, 2017
Health-care systems in low-income and middle-income countries have not adequately responded to th... more Health-care systems in low-income and middle-income countries have not adequately responded to the substantial burden linked to mental health, resulting in enormous treatment gaps and major shortcomings in the delivery of mental health care. Peru is no stranger to this issue, and has attempted to implement several measures to improve mental health care over the past 50 years. However, these measures have been hampered by a combination of factors, including their small scope or scale, insufficient political support, and poor organisation and allocation of human resources.
ANEXOS Anexo Nº 1 Encuesta aplicada a turistas en los cantones Zamora y Yacuambi……………126 Anexo Nº... more ANEXOS Anexo Nº 1 Encuesta aplicada a turistas en los cantones Zamora y Yacuambi……………126 Anexo Nº 2 Entrevista aplicada a administradores de establecimientos turísticos……..….132 Anexo Nº 3 Entrevista realizada a administradores de agencias de viaje…………………134 Anexo Nº 4 Catastro de establecimientos turísticos del cantón Zamora, 2013……..……...136 Anexo Nº 5 Establecimientos turísticos del cantón Yacuambi, 2010..……………………....140 Anexo Nº 6 Inventario de atractivos turísticos del cantón Zamora…………………………..141 Anexo Nº 7 Inventario de atractivos turísticos del cantón Yacuambi……………………….147 Anexo Nº 8 Archivo fotográfico encuestando en los meses de marzo y abril 2014….151 Anexo Nº 9 Archivo fotográfico de entrevistas a administradores de establecimientos turísticos en el mes de julio 2014………………………………………………………………..154 xiv RESUMEN El presente trabajo denominado: "Investigación de la oferta y demanda turística de los cantones Zamora y Yacuambi, provincia de Zamora Chinchipe"; está integrado por tres capítulos, en el primero se realiza un diagnostico situacional de los cantones, en el segundo se ejecuta un estudio de mercado a través de encuestas y visitas de campo para determinar la demanda turística y finalmente en el tercer capítulo se efectúa un análisis de la oferta, una vez obtenido los resultados se plantea estrategias de mejoramiento que contribuyan a un mejor aprovechamiento de las potencialidades turísticas de los dos cantones. El propósito de la investigación consiste en realizar un análisis de los servicios turísticos que ofrecen los cantones mencionados, tales como: infraestructura turística, atractivos naturales, culturales y otros elementos relacionados con el turismo, los mismos que permitan ofrecer un servicio de calidad, también se determina el perfil del turista que es la fuente principal para analizar la imagen del visitante, procedencia, edad, ocupación y a su vez el motivo principal de viaje.
La Evaluacion E Innovacion Docente En El Grado De Derecho 2013 Isbn 9788490144145 Pags 185 196, 2013
El imparable desarrollo de las tecnicas de la informacion y de la comunicacion (TICs) y sus inher... more El imparable desarrollo de las tecnicas de la informacion y de la comunicacion (TICs) y sus inherentes cambios sociales han determinado una transformacion de la ensenanza universitaria tradicional, que ha evolucionado, en los ultimos anos, hacia una modalidad de aprendizaje abierto en la que se oferta una educacion flexible que satisface a todo el publico, tanto al que desea hacer uso de una ensenanza presencial tradicional, como al que opta por una ensenanza a distancia o por cualquier otra formula de ensenanza mixta. La ensenanza on-line ha revolucionado los esquemas tradicionales de la ensenanza universitaria, en la que se hallan muy presentes hoy dia las vias electronicas de comunicacion. Ello ha conducido inexorablemente al docente al desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de ensenanza y de aprendizaje, produciendose un cambio en el paradigma pedagogico, que ahora se centra en el aprendizaje mas que en la ensenanza. El Profesor pasa de ser el principal recurso de aprendizaje y el centro de la formacion, a convertirse en uno mas de los posibles recursos de aprendizaje y en el facilitador de la formacion. Entre las principales ventajas de este tipo de educacion cabe citar la eliminacion de las barreras temporales y espaciales entre Profesor y alumno, propias de la ensenanza presencial tradicional, y el acceso a la ensenanza superior universitaria de sectores sociales que dificilmente tendrian cabida en la ensenanza presencial (por ejemplo, trabajadores, discapacitados, personas que viven en lugares alejados de las Universidades, etc.). De sus incovenientes es aconsejable destacar la elevada tasa de abandono de los programas on-line, muy superior a la de los presenciales, y el menor control que el Profesor puede llevar a cabo del alumno; motivos estos, entre otros, que hacen recomendable este tipo de ensenanza para cursos de postgrado o de formacion propia y opcional, que presenten un numero limitado o reducido de alumnos y que no sean de caracter obligatorio.
Congreso Idadfe 2011 Vol 2 2014 Isbn 978 84 309 6083 5 Pags 295 314, 2014
Tesis Doctoral leida en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en 2007. Director de la Tesis: Jose Perez ... more Tesis Doctoral leida en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en 2007. Director de la Tesis: Jose Perez de Vargas Munoz
FEBS Journal, 2008
It remains a challenge to create the stable and long-term expression (in human cell lines) of a p... more It remains a challenge to create the stable and long-term expression (in human cell lines) of a previously engineered hybrid enzyme (Trip-cat enzyme-2, [Ruan, KH., et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 14003-14011]), which links cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to prostacyclin (PGI 2) synthase (PGIS) for the direct conversion of arachidonic acid into PGI 2 through the enzyme's triplecatalytic (Trip-cat) functions. The stable up-regulation of the biosynthesis of the vascular protector, PGI 2 , in cells is an ideal model for the prevention and treatment of thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2)-mediated thrombosis and vasoconstriction, both of which cause stroke, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Here, we report another engineering of the Trip-cat enzyme, in which human COX isoform-1 (COX-1), which has a different C-terminal sequence than COX-2, was linked to PGIS and called the Trip-cat Enzyme-1. Transient expression of the recombinant Tripcat Enzyme-1 in HEK293 cells demonstrated a 3-5-fold higher expression capacity and better PGI 2-synthesizing activity when compared to that of the previously engineered Trip-cat Enzyme-2. Furthermore, an HEK293 cell line that can stably express the active new Trip-cat Enzyme-1 and constantly synthesize the bioactive PGI 2 was established by a screening approach. In addition, the stable HEK293 cell line, with a constant production of PGI 2 , revealed strong antiplatelet aggregation properties through its unique dual functions (increasing PGI 2 production while decreasing TXA 2 production) in the TXA 2 synthase (TXAS)-rich plasma. This study has optimized the active Trip-cat enzyme engineering, allowing it to become the first to stably upregulate PGI 2 biosynthesis in a human cell line, which provides a basis for developing a PGI 2producing therapeutic cell line against vascular diseases.
... TORRES TOVAR, Carlos Alberto, RINCÓN GARClA, Jhon Jairo e VARGAS MORENO, Johanna Eloaisa. ...... more ... TORRES TOVAR, Carlos Alberto, RINCÓN GARClA, Jhon Jairo e VARGAS MORENO, Johanna Eloaisa. ... GUERRERO, Maria I., e ROJAS, Edilsa. ... CHILE, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Instituto de la Vivienda, Universidad Tècnica Federico Santa Maria, Fundación Chile ...
Protein Engineering Design and Selection, 2009
Cyclooxygenase isoform-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E 2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) are induci... more Cyclooxygenase isoform-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E 2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) are inducible enzymes that become up-regulated in inflammation and some cancers. It has been demonstrated that their coupling reaction of converting arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandin (PG) E 2 (PGE 2) is responsible for inflammation and cancers. Understanding their coupling reactions at the molecular and cellular levels is a key step toward uncovering the pathological processes in inflammation. In this paper, we describe a structure-based enzyme engineering which produced a novel hybrid enzyme that mimics the coupling reactions of the inducible COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the native ER membrane. Based on the hypothesized membrane topologies and structures, the C-terminus of COX-2 was linked to the Nterminus of mPGES-1 through a transmembrane linker to form a hybrid enzyme, COX-2-10aa-mPGES-1. The engineered hybrid enzyme expressed in HEK293 cells exhibited strong triple-catalytic functions in the continuous conversion of AA into PGG 2 (catalytic-step 1), PGH 2 (catalytic-step 2) and PGE 2 (catalytic-step 3), a proinflammatory mediator. In addition, the hybrid enzyme was also able to directly convert dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) into PGG 1 , PGH 1 and then PGE 1 (an antiinflammatory mediator). The hybrid enzyme retained similar K d and V max values to that of the parent enzymes, suggesting that the configuration between COX-2 and mPGES-1 (through the transmembrane domain) could mimic the native conformation and membrane topologies of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the cells. The results indicated that the quick coupling reaction between the native COX-2 and mPGES-1 (in converting AA into PGE 2) occurred in a way so that both enzymes are localized near each other in a face-to-face orientation, where the COX-2 C-terminus faces the mPGES-1 N-terminus in the ER membrane. The COX-2-10aa-mPGES-1 hybrid enzyme engineering may be a novel approach in creating inflammation cell and animal models, which are particularly valuable targets for the next generation of NSAID screening.
La encrucijada de la incapacitación y la …, 2011
Localización: La encrucijada de la incapacitación y la discapacidad/coord. por José Pérez de Varg... more Localización: La encrucijada de la incapacitación y la discapacidad/coord. por José Pérez de Vargas Muñoz, Montserrat Pereña Vicente, Vol. 1, 2011 (La encrucijada de la incapacitación y la discapacidad), ISBN 978-84-8126-814-0, págs. 605-624
… al profesor Manuel Albaladejo García, 2004
... La "usucapio libertatis". Autores: Vanessa García Herrera; Localización: Li... more ... La "usucapio libertatis". Autores: Vanessa García Herrera; Localización: Libro homenaje al profesor Manuel Albaladejo García / coord. por José Manuel González Porras, Fernando P. Méndez González, Vol. 1, 2004, ISBN 84-8371-520-1 , págs. 1885-1906. Fundación Dialnet. ...
The American Journal …, 2011
Page 1. The American Journal of Integrative Medicine, Vol. 1, No.1, pp.3-10 Ruan et al. Cyclooxyg... more Page 1. The American Journal of Integrative Medicine, Vol. 1, No.1, pp.3-10 Ruan et al. Cyclooxygenase-2, Prostacyclin Synthase and Fertility Ke-He Ruan* 1 , Sharon Sun 1 , Vanessa C. Herrera 1 , Cheng-Huai Ruan 2 and Linda Huynh 3 ...
Biochemistry, 2011
Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is a key vascular protector, metabolized from endogenous arachidonic acid (... more Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is a key vascular protector, metabolized from endogenous arachidonic acid (AA). Its actions are mediated through the PGI(2) receptor (IP) and nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Here, we found that PGI(2) is involved in regulating cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression through its receptors in a mouse adipose tissue-derived primary culture cell line expressing a novel hybrid enzyme gene (COX-1-10aa-PGIS), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and PGI(2) synthase (PGIS) linked with a 10-amino acid linker. The triple catalytic functions of the hybrid enzyme in these cells successfully redirected the endogenous AA metabolism toward a stable and dominant production of PGI(2). The miRNA microarray analysis of the cell line with upregulated PGI(2) revealed a significant upregulation (711, 148b, and 744) and downregulation of miRNAs of interest, which were reversed by antagonists of the IP and PPARγ receptors. Furthermore, we also found that the insulin-mediated lipid deposition was inhibited in the PGI(2)-upregulated adipocytes. The study also initiated a discussion that suggested that the endogenous PGI(2) inhibition of lipid deposition in adipocytes could involve miRNA-mediated inhibition of expression of the targeted genes. This indicated that PGI(2)-miRNA regulation could exist in broad pathophysiological processes involving PGI(2) (i.e., apoptosis, vascular inflammation, cancer, embryo implantation, and obesity).
ABSTRACTBackgroundPeru is the worst affected country by the COVID-19 pandemic showing the world h... more ABSTRACTBackgroundPeru is the worst affected country by the COVID-19 pandemic showing the world highest mortality rate, thus triggering an increased mental health burden. Nevertheless, there are few population-based epidemiologic surveys of mental disorders in Peru; Therefore, nationally representative research is needed to understand the underlying population-based mental health burden and identify unmet care needs.ObjectiveThe present study aims to estimate the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders, mental health service use, and unmet mental health care needsMethodsThis cross-sectional study will collect information from a multistage random sample of 19,500 households. A child, an adolescent, an adult, and an older adult will be interviewed in the household. Trained staff will conduct face-to-face diagnostic interviews via the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, the WHO’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a...
Check List, 2022
We report the first records of two mosquito species, Wyeomyia (Wyeomyia) abebela Dyar & Knab, 190... more We report the first records of two mosquito species, Wyeomyia (Wyeomyia) abebela Dyar & Knab, 1908 and W. (Hystatomyia) coenonus Dyar & Knab, 1913, from the Choco Biosphere Reserve, a global biodiversity hotspot in Ecuador. We collected these mosquitoes in the Mashpi Lodge Reserve, a conserved natural area. Specimens were collected during their immature stages in bromeliads using a 375-ml absorber dropper. Our new data for W. abelela increases the geographical distribution of this species to include seven countries of America (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, and Ecuador); W. coenonus is now known from two countries of America (Panama and Ecuador), and our records of W. abelela and W. coenonus are the first from South America.
Monitoring the secretion of proteins from single cells can provide important insights into how ce... more Monitoring the secretion of proteins from single cells can provide important insights into how cells respond to their microenvironment. This is particularly true for immune cells, which can exhibit a large degree of response heterogeneity. Microfabricated well arrays provide a powerful and versatile method to assess the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors from single cells, but detection sensitivity has been limited to high levels on the order of 10,000 per cell. Recently, we reported a quantum dot-based immunoassay that lowered the detection limit for the cytokine TNF-α to concentrations to nearly the single-cell level. Here, we adapted this detection method to three additional targets while maintaining high detection sensitivity. Specifically, we detected MCP-1, TGF-β, IL-10, and TNF-α using quantum dots with different emission spectra, each of which displayed a detection threshold in the range of 1-10 fM or ∼1-2 molecules per well. We then quantified secretion of all four proteins from single macrophage cells that were stimulated toward a pro-inflammatory state with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or toward a pro-healing state with both LPS and interleukin 4 (IL-4). We found that MCP-1 and TGF-β were predominantly secreted at high levels only (>10,000 molecules/cell), while a substantial number of cells secreted IL-10 and TNF-α at lower levels that could only be detected using our method. Subsequent principal component and cluster analysis revealed that secretion profiles could be classified as either exclusively pro-inflammatory, including MCP-1 and/or TNF-α, or more subtle responses displaying both pro-healing and pro-inflammatory characters. Our results highlight the heterogeneous and nondiscrete nature of macrophage phenotypes following in vitro stimulation of a cell line. Future work will focus on expanding the multiplexing capacity by extending emission spectra bandwidth and/or spatially barcoding capture antibodies, as well as evaluating the enhanced detection sensitivity capabilities with normal and diseased immune cell populations in vitro and in vivo.
The Analyst, 2018
Single cell analysis methods are increasingly being utilized to investigate how individual cells ... more Single cell analysis methods are increasingly being utilized to investigate how individual cells process information and respond to diverse stimuli. Soluble proteins play a critical role in controlling cell populations and tissues, but directly monitoring secretion is technically challenging. Microfabricated well arrays have been developed to assess secretion at the single cell level, but these systems are limited by low detection sensitivity. Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) exhibit remarkably bright and photostable luminescence signal, but to date they have not been evaluated in single cell secretion studies using microfabricated well arrays. Here, we used QDs in a sandwich immunoassay to detect secretion of the soluble cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from single cells. To enhance detection sensitivity, we employed two different strategies. First, we used a unique single QD imaging approach, which provided a detection threshold (180 attomolar) that was >100-fold lower t...
International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2017
Background: Mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) use disorders are a leading cause of disabi... more Background: Mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) use disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide; specifically in Peru, MNS affect 1 in 5 persons. However, the great majority of people suffering from these disorders do not access care, thereby making necessary the improvement of existing conditions including a major rearranging of current health system structures beyond care delivery strategies. This paper reviews and examines recent developments in mental health policies in Peru, presenting an overview of the initiatives currently being introduced and the main implementation challenges they face. Methods: Key documents issued by Peruvian governmental entities regarding mental health were reviewed to identify and describe the path that led to the beginning of the reform; how the ongoing reform is taking place; and, the plan and scope for scale-up. Results: Since 2004, mental health has gained importance in policies and regulations, resulting in the promotion of a mental health reform within the national healthcare system. These efforts crystallized in 2012 with the passing of Law 29889 which introduced several changes to the delivery of mental healthcare, including a restructuring of mental health service delivery to occur at the primary and secondary care levels and the introduction of supporting services to aid in patient recovery and reintegration into society. In addition, a performance-based budget was approved to guarantee the implementation of these changes. Some of the main challenges faced by this reform are related to the diversity of the implementation settings, eg, isolated rural areas, and the limitations of the existing specialized mental health institutes to substantially grow in parallel to the scaling-up efforts in order to be able to provide training and clinical support to every region of Peru. Conclusion: Although the true success of the mental healthcare reform will be determined in the coming years, thus far, Peru has achieved a number of legal, policy and fiscal milestones, thereby presenting a unique and fertile environment for the expansion of mental health services.
The lancet. Psychiatry, 2017
Health-care systems in low-income and middle-income countries have not adequately responded to th... more Health-care systems in low-income and middle-income countries have not adequately responded to the substantial burden linked to mental health, resulting in enormous treatment gaps and major shortcomings in the delivery of mental health care. Peru is no stranger to this issue, and has attempted to implement several measures to improve mental health care over the past 50 years. However, these measures have been hampered by a combination of factors, including their small scope or scale, insufficient political support, and poor organisation and allocation of human resources.
ANEXOS Anexo Nº 1 Encuesta aplicada a turistas en los cantones Zamora y Yacuambi……………126 Anexo Nº... more ANEXOS Anexo Nº 1 Encuesta aplicada a turistas en los cantones Zamora y Yacuambi……………126 Anexo Nº 2 Entrevista aplicada a administradores de establecimientos turísticos……..….132 Anexo Nº 3 Entrevista realizada a administradores de agencias de viaje…………………134 Anexo Nº 4 Catastro de establecimientos turísticos del cantón Zamora, 2013……..……...136 Anexo Nº 5 Establecimientos turísticos del cantón Yacuambi, 2010..……………………....140 Anexo Nº 6 Inventario de atractivos turísticos del cantón Zamora…………………………..141 Anexo Nº 7 Inventario de atractivos turísticos del cantón Yacuambi……………………….147 Anexo Nº 8 Archivo fotográfico encuestando en los meses de marzo y abril 2014….151 Anexo Nº 9 Archivo fotográfico de entrevistas a administradores de establecimientos turísticos en el mes de julio 2014………………………………………………………………..154 xiv RESUMEN El presente trabajo denominado: "Investigación de la oferta y demanda turística de los cantones Zamora y Yacuambi, provincia de Zamora Chinchipe"; está integrado por tres capítulos, en el primero se realiza un diagnostico situacional de los cantones, en el segundo se ejecuta un estudio de mercado a través de encuestas y visitas de campo para determinar la demanda turística y finalmente en el tercer capítulo se efectúa un análisis de la oferta, una vez obtenido los resultados se plantea estrategias de mejoramiento que contribuyan a un mejor aprovechamiento de las potencialidades turísticas de los dos cantones. El propósito de la investigación consiste en realizar un análisis de los servicios turísticos que ofrecen los cantones mencionados, tales como: infraestructura turística, atractivos naturales, culturales y otros elementos relacionados con el turismo, los mismos que permitan ofrecer un servicio de calidad, también se determina el perfil del turista que es la fuente principal para analizar la imagen del visitante, procedencia, edad, ocupación y a su vez el motivo principal de viaje.
La Evaluacion E Innovacion Docente En El Grado De Derecho 2013 Isbn 9788490144145 Pags 185 196, 2013
El imparable desarrollo de las tecnicas de la informacion y de la comunicacion (TICs) y sus inher... more El imparable desarrollo de las tecnicas de la informacion y de la comunicacion (TICs) y sus inherentes cambios sociales han determinado una transformacion de la ensenanza universitaria tradicional, que ha evolucionado, en los ultimos anos, hacia una modalidad de aprendizaje abierto en la que se oferta una educacion flexible que satisface a todo el publico, tanto al que desea hacer uso de una ensenanza presencial tradicional, como al que opta por una ensenanza a distancia o por cualquier otra formula de ensenanza mixta. La ensenanza on-line ha revolucionado los esquemas tradicionales de la ensenanza universitaria, en la que se hallan muy presentes hoy dia las vias electronicas de comunicacion. Ello ha conducido inexorablemente al docente al desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de ensenanza y de aprendizaje, produciendose un cambio en el paradigma pedagogico, que ahora se centra en el aprendizaje mas que en la ensenanza. El Profesor pasa de ser el principal recurso de aprendizaje y el centro de la formacion, a convertirse en uno mas de los posibles recursos de aprendizaje y en el facilitador de la formacion. Entre las principales ventajas de este tipo de educacion cabe citar la eliminacion de las barreras temporales y espaciales entre Profesor y alumno, propias de la ensenanza presencial tradicional, y el acceso a la ensenanza superior universitaria de sectores sociales que dificilmente tendrian cabida en la ensenanza presencial (por ejemplo, trabajadores, discapacitados, personas que viven en lugares alejados de las Universidades, etc.). De sus incovenientes es aconsejable destacar la elevada tasa de abandono de los programas on-line, muy superior a la de los presenciales, y el menor control que el Profesor puede llevar a cabo del alumno; motivos estos, entre otros, que hacen recomendable este tipo de ensenanza para cursos de postgrado o de formacion propia y opcional, que presenten un numero limitado o reducido de alumnos y que no sean de caracter obligatorio.
Congreso Idadfe 2011 Vol 2 2014 Isbn 978 84 309 6083 5 Pags 295 314, 2014
Tesis Doctoral leida en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en 2007. Director de la Tesis: Jose Perez ... more Tesis Doctoral leida en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en 2007. Director de la Tesis: Jose Perez de Vargas Munoz
FEBS Journal, 2008
It remains a challenge to create the stable and long-term expression (in human cell lines) of a p... more It remains a challenge to create the stable and long-term expression (in human cell lines) of a previously engineered hybrid enzyme (Trip-cat enzyme-2, [Ruan, KH., et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 14003-14011]), which links cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to prostacyclin (PGI 2) synthase (PGIS) for the direct conversion of arachidonic acid into PGI 2 through the enzyme's triplecatalytic (Trip-cat) functions. The stable up-regulation of the biosynthesis of the vascular protector, PGI 2 , in cells is an ideal model for the prevention and treatment of thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2)-mediated thrombosis and vasoconstriction, both of which cause stroke, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Here, we report another engineering of the Trip-cat enzyme, in which human COX isoform-1 (COX-1), which has a different C-terminal sequence than COX-2, was linked to PGIS and called the Trip-cat Enzyme-1. Transient expression of the recombinant Tripcat Enzyme-1 in HEK293 cells demonstrated a 3-5-fold higher expression capacity and better PGI 2-synthesizing activity when compared to that of the previously engineered Trip-cat Enzyme-2. Furthermore, an HEK293 cell line that can stably express the active new Trip-cat Enzyme-1 and constantly synthesize the bioactive PGI 2 was established by a screening approach. In addition, the stable HEK293 cell line, with a constant production of PGI 2 , revealed strong antiplatelet aggregation properties through its unique dual functions (increasing PGI 2 production while decreasing TXA 2 production) in the TXA 2 synthase (TXAS)-rich plasma. This study has optimized the active Trip-cat enzyme engineering, allowing it to become the first to stably upregulate PGI 2 biosynthesis in a human cell line, which provides a basis for developing a PGI 2producing therapeutic cell line against vascular diseases.
... TORRES TOVAR, Carlos Alberto, RINCÓN GARClA, Jhon Jairo e VARGAS MORENO, Johanna Eloaisa. ...... more ... TORRES TOVAR, Carlos Alberto, RINCÓN GARClA, Jhon Jairo e VARGAS MORENO, Johanna Eloaisa. ... GUERRERO, Maria I., e ROJAS, Edilsa. ... CHILE, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Instituto de la Vivienda, Universidad Tècnica Federico Santa Maria, Fundación Chile ...
Protein Engineering Design and Selection, 2009
Cyclooxygenase isoform-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E 2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) are induci... more Cyclooxygenase isoform-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E 2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) are inducible enzymes that become up-regulated in inflammation and some cancers. It has been demonstrated that their coupling reaction of converting arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandin (PG) E 2 (PGE 2) is responsible for inflammation and cancers. Understanding their coupling reactions at the molecular and cellular levels is a key step toward uncovering the pathological processes in inflammation. In this paper, we describe a structure-based enzyme engineering which produced a novel hybrid enzyme that mimics the coupling reactions of the inducible COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the native ER membrane. Based on the hypothesized membrane topologies and structures, the C-terminus of COX-2 was linked to the Nterminus of mPGES-1 through a transmembrane linker to form a hybrid enzyme, COX-2-10aa-mPGES-1. The engineered hybrid enzyme expressed in HEK293 cells exhibited strong triple-catalytic functions in the continuous conversion of AA into PGG 2 (catalytic-step 1), PGH 2 (catalytic-step 2) and PGE 2 (catalytic-step 3), a proinflammatory mediator. In addition, the hybrid enzyme was also able to directly convert dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) into PGG 1 , PGH 1 and then PGE 1 (an antiinflammatory mediator). The hybrid enzyme retained similar K d and V max values to that of the parent enzymes, suggesting that the configuration between COX-2 and mPGES-1 (through the transmembrane domain) could mimic the native conformation and membrane topologies of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the cells. The results indicated that the quick coupling reaction between the native COX-2 and mPGES-1 (in converting AA into PGE 2) occurred in a way so that both enzymes are localized near each other in a face-to-face orientation, where the COX-2 C-terminus faces the mPGES-1 N-terminus in the ER membrane. The COX-2-10aa-mPGES-1 hybrid enzyme engineering may be a novel approach in creating inflammation cell and animal models, which are particularly valuable targets for the next generation of NSAID screening.
La encrucijada de la incapacitación y la …, 2011
Localización: La encrucijada de la incapacitación y la discapacidad/coord. por José Pérez de Varg... more Localización: La encrucijada de la incapacitación y la discapacidad/coord. por José Pérez de Vargas Muñoz, Montserrat Pereña Vicente, Vol. 1, 2011 (La encrucijada de la incapacitación y la discapacidad), ISBN 978-84-8126-814-0, págs. 605-624
… al profesor Manuel Albaladejo García, 2004
... La "usucapio libertatis". Autores: Vanessa García Herrera; Localización: Li... more ... La "usucapio libertatis". Autores: Vanessa García Herrera; Localización: Libro homenaje al profesor Manuel Albaladejo García / coord. por José Manuel González Porras, Fernando P. Méndez González, Vol. 1, 2004, ISBN 84-8371-520-1 , págs. 1885-1906. Fundación Dialnet. ...
The American Journal …, 2011
Page 1. The American Journal of Integrative Medicine, Vol. 1, No.1, pp.3-10 Ruan et al. Cyclooxyg... more Page 1. The American Journal of Integrative Medicine, Vol. 1, No.1, pp.3-10 Ruan et al. Cyclooxygenase-2, Prostacyclin Synthase and Fertility Ke-He Ruan* 1 , Sharon Sun 1 , Vanessa C. Herrera 1 , Cheng-Huai Ruan 2 and Linda Huynh 3 ...
Biochemistry, 2011
Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is a key vascular protector, metabolized from endogenous arachidonic acid (... more Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is a key vascular protector, metabolized from endogenous arachidonic acid (AA). Its actions are mediated through the PGI(2) receptor (IP) and nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Here, we found that PGI(2) is involved in regulating cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression through its receptors in a mouse adipose tissue-derived primary culture cell line expressing a novel hybrid enzyme gene (COX-1-10aa-PGIS), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and PGI(2) synthase (PGIS) linked with a 10-amino acid linker. The triple catalytic functions of the hybrid enzyme in these cells successfully redirected the endogenous AA metabolism toward a stable and dominant production of PGI(2). The miRNA microarray analysis of the cell line with upregulated PGI(2) revealed a significant upregulation (711, 148b, and 744) and downregulation of miRNAs of interest, which were reversed by antagonists of the IP and PPARγ receptors. Furthermore, we also found that the insulin-mediated lipid deposition was inhibited in the PGI(2)-upregulated adipocytes. The study also initiated a discussion that suggested that the endogenous PGI(2) inhibition of lipid deposition in adipocytes could involve miRNA-mediated inhibition of expression of the targeted genes. This indicated that PGI(2)-miRNA regulation could exist in broad pathophysiological processes involving PGI(2) (i.e., apoptosis, vascular inflammation, cancer, embryo implantation, and obesity).