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Papers by Wyno Academic Journals

Research paper thumbnail of SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE SWMMING CRAB CALLINECTES AMNICOLA FISHERIES IN ABY LAGOON (COTE D’IVOIRE)

The goal of the study is to describe the local socio-economic importance of the fisheries of swim... more The goal of the study is to describe the local socio-economic importance of the fisheries of swimming crabs Callinectes amnicola De Rochebrune (Decapoda Portunidae) of the Aby lagoon in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). In this context, several villages bordering the lagoon were studied from 2001 to 2009 and finally, in 2012. The results indicated that total production decreased from 3742 tons in 2006 to 1,449 tons in 2011 with an average of 2,596 tons of swimming crabs. This activity directly involved in 2012, 365 young fishermen, 6 collector women and 6 wholesaler women. Besides that, there is no traditional /customary resource management and the administration has no special policy for the fishing of swimming crabs. The activity is a source of income since it provided during the high/good season to the fisherman an average net monthly income ranging between 336,338 FCFA (Assomlan) to 122,033 FCFA (Man-Man) and during the low/bad season the income fluctuated between 53,760 FCFA and 160,867 FCFA M'Bratty to Epleman. The monthly income of the wholesale/crab merchant during the high/good season was 527,583 FCFA and during low/bad season was 497 583 FCFA. Finally, crabbing contributed to increasing local own resources through the various taxes levied on markets and transport, social cohesion and improving the welfare of local residents.

Research paper thumbnail of BUILDING STRENGTHS IN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN KENYAN  UNIVERSITIES: WAY FORWARD FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY

Information and Communication Technology is increasingly becoming crucial part of the education s... more Information and Communication Technology is increasingly becoming crucial part of the education system in Kenya and globally. ICT has changed the functioning of the educational system. This paper considers the rapid spread of ICT applications; which has brought technological, social and economic transformations. These changes have caused higher educational institutions, administrators, lecturers to rethink their roles, lecturing and vision for future. The sustainability of a nation in the era of knowledge economy depends on the effective educational system. The proper integration of ICT with teaching/learning increases educational productivity. ICT provides various opportunities to higher educational learners and make lecturers aware of their new roles and responsibilities. ICT has enabled us to monitor and evaluate what is learned, how it is learned, when and where learning takes place. It is enabling the educational management system to dis-charge functions like, administration of examinations, coordination, and alumni network. ICT provides nontraditional students with internet based education anytime and anywhere, these internet technologies enable innovative ways of lecturing. The innovative practices demonstrate approaches, challenging issues, and success factors in integrating ICT into education.

Research paper thumbnail of Critical Thoughts about Islam, Terrorism, and Contemporary Solutions

One of the “butterfly effects” of the 9/11 attacks is the notion of Muslim terrorists and “that I... more One of the “butterfly effects” of the 9/11 attacks is the notion of Muslim terrorists and “that Islam nurtures ideas about killing innocent people.” Like one of the memorable quotes of the “I love Lucy” show, the Muslim scholars “got some 'splainin' to do!” Therefore, while this paper discusses the notions of Islamic fundamentalism such as jihad and the suicide attacks in the name of Islam, it also attempts to present certain solutions to the issues in question. Indeed, a modern Turkish thinker, Fethullah Gulen, a renowned and distinguished Sunni scholar of Islam, provides some solutions to this contemporary problem.

Research paper thumbnail of THE SHADOW GOVERNMENT: THE VANGUARDS OF THE REPUBLIC

There is an intriguing story in the recent Turkish political history. The role of the Turkish mil... more There is an intriguing story in the recent Turkish political history. The role of the Turkish military cast a dark shadow over the civilian political process. However, Turkish military has been pushed to involve in the political arena by privileged civilians as an ‘elite guard’ unit that is in charge of their security. This article examines the roots of the military’s coup tradition within the structures of Turkish politics and military. It also argues that certain conditions in Turkish political structure along with western-influenced traditions of military result the untold but apparent vicious cycle of democracy in Turkey.

Research paper thumbnail of Attitudes  towards Arabization: A Case Study on  Functionaries in Oran, Algeria

This study, based on a questionnaire written in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and French (F), aime... more This study, based on a questionnaire written in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and French (F), aimed at investigating the participants' attitudes towards the policy of Arabization in Algeria. As the policy of Arabization had witnessed antagonistic attitudes of different groups: Arabophones, Francophones, ...and so on, the researcher saw it highly important to investigate those attitudes, which served as the dependent variable, then investigated whether this was correlated with sociobiographical factors like mother tongue. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, the researcher also explored language attitudes, particularly attitudes to MSA and F. The questionnaire was distributed to functionaries working at: a Military Attaché, University Academy, Tribunal, and Company of ‘Angora’ in Oran (a province in the Western part of Algeria). The results of the statistical analyses revealed that the factor of mother tongue significantly affected the functionaries' attitudes towards the policy of Arabization. Furthermore, the participants showed contradictory, yet reconcilable attitudes towards the policy.

Research paper thumbnail of Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Management in the Central African Region- Case of Cameroon’s Large Marine Ecosystems (Lmes): A Critical Review

Abstract Coastal and marine ecological systems provide life-support environmental services to man... more Abstract Coastal and marine ecological systems provide life-support environmental services to mankind. Ecosystem services are important for the improvement of the livelihoods of especially communities around them. To ensure sustainability of these ecosystems and the well-being of the people, Cameroon’s policies are geared towards protecting them. This paper brings out a critical review and analysis of the management approaches put in place by Cameroon for effective and efficient management of its ecosystems. Critical review of literature, observations and focus group discussions were carried out to gain indepth information on coastal ecosystem management. This review and analyses reveal that there has been hardly any integrated management and too much stress is on top-down insular management by experts and specialists who neglect those whose livelihood depend on the resources in these valuable ecosystems. The top-down approach has outlived its credibility and cannot fully deliver the expected results. This paper proposes that an adaptive integrated coastal management is ideal for addressing the problems facing the Central African marine and coastal ecosystems. This approach is holistic and goes beyond policy to involve regular research; analyses of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to supplement the much talked about Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) in the policy framework. These tools facilitate understanding of the state of degradation as well as stakeholders dialogue (the way issues are negotiated). It encourages diversity and takes into consideration the interests of all parties. It is a co-management initiative that will catalyze and boost positive initiatives. Key Words: Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, Adaptive Integrated Management, Large Marine Ecosystems.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential Role of Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides in Animal Health to Combat Growing Concerns of Antibiotic Resistance - A Review.

Antibiotic resistance and particularly multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens are of increasing conc... more Antibiotic resistance and particularly multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens are of increasing concern. WHO (World Health Organization) wrote in April, 2014 that “this serious threat is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect everyone, of any age, in any country.” Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of naturally occurring compounds found in plants and animals and have been isolated from living organisms ranging from single-celled microorganisms, to plants, to livestock species, and to humans. Over 1200 such naturally occurring AMP compounds have been isolated and identified. These compounds are found and produced by many different tissues, and generally form part of the first line of defenses in organism immune systems. Additional research indicates that AMPs are also involved with promoting wound repair, the reduction of inflammations, possibly through the release of prostaglandins, and some are part of the neutrophils and their defense mechanisms against pathogens. The phagocytic action by neutrophils in fighting infectious agents is a series of biological events which includes AMPs as a cofactor in fighting infections and in wound repair, with multiple types of AMPs involved. Early attempts at synthesizing AMPs were unsuccessful due to the expense and the relatively short half-life of the generated AMPs. Recently, synthetic AMPs of a more simplistic nature have been produced using several different positively charged amino acid side chains in their formulations, each amino acid attached to a cholic acid backbone that are inexpensive to manufacture, stable, and better tolerated by the organism. These synthetic AMPs show a range of activities and specificities for bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites and the many derivations of these synthetic AMPs are referred to as Ceragenins or cationic selective antimicrobials (CSAs).

Research paper thumbnail of AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABILITY IN NAMAKKAL DISTRICT OF TAMI NADU

ABSTRACT Sustainability evaluation of irrigated and rain fed agro ecological system was taken up ... more ABSTRACT
Sustainability evaluation of irrigated and rain fed agro ecological system was taken up in Tamil Nadu, India. This study was conducted with the objective of measuring the sustainability with farm level indicators and Sustainable Rural Livelihood (SRL) framework, assessing the livelihood security of farmers and finally developing the optimum farm plans in both the agro ecological systems, Farm level indicators were developed by combining ecology, economy and society criteria. Ecological sustainability analyses showed that irrigated agro-ecological system is sustainable by having high soil fertility status and also by following integrated pest management. The irrigated agro ecological system is more economically viable than rain fed agro ecological system with higher output-input ratio, net return and value addition. Higher input self sufficiency ratio, higher labour requirement to produce one physical unit of crop and higher food expenditure were observed in irrigated agro-ecological system.
SRL framework analyses encompassed the evaluation of five capital assets of natural, financial, physical, capital and social. This analysis confirmed the earlier finding that irrigated agro-ecological system is more sustainable from farm level indicators approach. Livelihood security of farmers in both systems was analyzed with CARE model of Kenya and measured in terms of indices of food, economic, education, habitat and social network. It showed that farmers in irrigated agro ecological system were much secure especially from economic, habitat and social network purview. Finally development of sustainable farm plans through multi-objective goal programming was also attempted in the study, by satisfying economic, ecological and social goals. Finally policy implications were suggested to the Government for the development of irrigated farmers with suitable credit and extension policies and development of rain fed farmers with agricultural development and welfare programmes.
Keywords: Sustainability, Farm Level Indicators, Sustainable Rural Livelihood, Livelihood Security and Optimum Farm Plans.

Research paper thumbnail of Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Grain Quality of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.Var.Durum) Varieties in Central Ethiopia.

Wyno Academic Journal of Agricultural sciences, Dec 27, 2012

Four released durum wheat varieties, two medium tall (Arsi-Robe and Kilinto) and two recently rel... more Four released durum wheat varieties, two medium tall (Arsi-Robe and Kilinto) and two recently released semi-dwarfs (Ude and Yerer) were evaluated under five different N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha -1) in 2005/06 growing season at Akaki and Debre Zeit, central Ethiopia. The quality responses of durum wheat varieties to different N-fertilizer rates and the N responses between tall and short durum wheat varieties were assessed. Protein and gluten content, vitreous kernel count, thousand kernel weight, test weight and lodging were considered. Vitreous kernel count, protein and gluten content were higher at Debre Zeit than at Akaki. Unlike Debre Zeit, there were significant relationships between response variables and fertilizer levels at Akaki. Lodging slightly affected the medium tall varieties at Debre Zeit whereas it was not a problem at Akaki. At Akaki, varieties response to each additional N rate was entirely below the quality standard set by ICC, 2000 except for thousand-kernel weight. Therefore, it is unwise to promote durum wheat scaling up/out program for quality durum wheat production at Akaki.

Research paper thumbnail of Condensed Tannins In The Ruminant Environment: A Perspective On Biological Activity

Wyno Academic Journals of Agricultural Sciences, Jan 5, 2013

The primary objectives of this article were to review the biological activities of condensed tann... more The primary objectives of this article were to review the biological activities of condensed tannins (CT) and to summarize much of what we know about how CT demonstrate biological activity in the ruminant environment. The complex characteristics of CT, such as variability in extent of condensation, heterogeneity of functional groups and degree of polymerization have contributed to the difficulty elucidating their role and modes of action relative to biological activities throughout the ruminant environment. These are constraints to understanding the extent of biological impacts of CT. The determination of molecular weight of CT fractions from native leguminous forage commonly fed to ruminants, relative to reduction of emissions of greenhouse gasses (e.g. methane) by ruminant animals, as well as the maintenance or improvement of overall animal performance, has not been adequately explored. Such knowledge could result in improved animal performance through use of CT containing plants for gastrointestinal parasite suppression, nutrient-use efficiency and decreased ruminal CH4 emissions, the latter a major environmental concern. In the present review we present evidences supporting that the molecular weight of CT, in addition to the concentration, may be a factor in determining biological activity of CT relative to the ruminant environment.

Research paper thumbnail of ‘Label and Labeling’ of Termiticides for Structural Termite Management

Wyno Academic Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jan 14, 2013

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of Label and Labeling instructions spe... more The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of Label and Labeling instructions specifically for the Use of Termiticides for Structural Termite Management.
The law of Label and Labeling is so specific to the general pesticides including Insecticides. The Insecticides used for the control of termites is known as ‘termiticides’, and there is a huge demand for these termiticides all over the world. These termiticides have been used effectively to avoid the damage caused by termites to the national and private property.
Most of the molecules or Insecticides are recommended and are registered for the control of agriculture pests. It is advised that these molecules or insecticides registered for agricultural use shouldn’t be used for non-agriculture purposes and yet some of the termiticides are often used for the structural pest control i.e. indoor and outdoor termite control.
The ‘dose’ and the ‘direction of use’ of this molecule which is mentioned on the label and labeling specifically recommends its use for agriculture purposes but if it is been used for non-agricultural purposes with the same label direction may cause serious effect on the human being and the environment. The dosages and the directions of use of agriculture and non-agriculture molecules are always different. Therefore it is required to mention the specific use insecticide for the specific purpose whether the product is recommended for agriculture or structural.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Statistical and Conceptual Path Models to Predict Corn Yields Across Management-Zones on the Southeast Coastal Plain

Wyno Academic Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Feb 14, 2013

Corn, cotton and peanuts dominate the highly irregular agricultural landscape of the U.S. southea... more Corn, cotton and peanuts dominate the highly irregular agricultural landscape of the U.S. southeastern Coastal Plain, and efficient management of soil, water and nutrients is crucial for successful crop production. In this research, Path Analysis is investigated as a diagnostic tool to separate the direct and indirect effect of soil properties, corn yield components and crop yield, a technique to better explain the underlying causal relationship between these properties and components. Two fields of 1.54 and 1.62 ha in Berrien County, Georgia, USA (83° 21’ 09.96” W, 31° 22’ 37.89” N) were delineated into six management zones based on the “fuzzy-c means” cluster technique. Statistical analyses were combined and applied across the entire research site, then to each management zone. Crop yield was defined as a function of seven yield components and 27 soil, water and nutrient properties. Results from standard multiple regression procedures were compared to the results derived from three conceptual Path Analysis models, which separated yield components and soil properties into direct and indirect effects. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the average number of kernels per ear and the test weight of 100 kernels were the best predictors of yield (R2=99.6), while eight soil properties provided the best prediction of yield (R2 = 59.2) across all management zones. The most predictive Path Analysis model for yield only used yield components as 1st and 2nd order variables, while another model used yield components and soil properties as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order variables, and identified soil carbon, clay content and carbon / nitrogen ratio within the 15 to 35 cm depth as having the largest influence on ear width, which subsequently influenced crop yield. Path analysis provided more insight into the complex relationships between variables than did simple correlation and/or stepwise multiple regression analysis and may provide utility in assessing yield across highly variable production environments and management zones.

Research paper thumbnail of  A winter Annuals for Stocker Cattle Grazing Tall Fescue. Tall Fescue Based Forage Systems Supplemented with Winter Annuals for Stocker Cattle.

Wyno Academic Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jul 21, 2013

Beef cattle production in the southeastern United States has primarily been from cow-calf enterpr... more Beef cattle production in the southeastern United States has primarily been from cow-calf enterprises. Stocker operations allow beef producers the opportunity to add value to calves through added weight after weaning. A 4-yr study was conducted to compare tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Schreb.) forage systems in which winter annuals were used to provide additional high-quality forage to stocker cattle. Two tall fescue cultivars, ‘Jesup’ MaxQTM (MaxQ) or ‘Kentucky-31’ (KY-31) were the primary forage pasture species of tall fescue, with six pastures of each cultivar of tall fescue. One third of the pasture in three paddocks of each cultivar was seeded with a rye/ryegrass mixture. Steers grazing MaxQ pastures gained (P < 0.05) more weight and had higher (P < 0.05) serum prolactin concentrations than those grazing KY-31 regardless of presence of rye/ryegrass. The addition of rye/ryegrass reduced the amount of supplemental feed needed by the steers grazing MaxQ. Winter annuals can be incorporated into existing forage systems to reduce the amount of winter supplement required.

Research paper thumbnail of JATROPHA CURCAS L AS A BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCK IN THE MIOMBO WOODLAND OF SOUTHERN AFRICA-A REVIEW

Wyno Academic Journal of agricultural sciences, Jun 6, 2013

Major sources of heating and lighting energy in Miombo woodland countries are firewood and charco... more Major sources of heating and lighting energy in Miombo woodland countries are firewood and charcoal followed by electricity, petroleum and coal. The region is a net importer of energy in the form of fossil fuels. The introduction of bio-fuels was seen as a way to reduce dependence on imported petroleum products and opened investment opportunities for Southern African countries with suitable land and water resources for feedstock production. Jatropha is the most preferred biodiesel feedstock in the region as it is alleged to perform well with little to no management. This special publication presents information on jatropha production and utilization.

Research paper thumbnail of THE USE OF CHLOROQUINE PHOSPHATE AS A MEANS OF REGENERATING THE MOTILITY OF POST THAWED CANINE SPERMATOZOA.

Wyno Academic Journals of Agricultural Sciences, Aug 26, 2013

Semen samples were obtained from six studs, purposely selected for this study. The semen samples ... more Semen samples were obtained from six studs, purposely selected for this study. The semen samples were cryopreserved in four different extenders in a completely randomized design. These extenders were Sodium-Citrate-Glycine Extender (SCGE), Coconut Milk Extender (CME), Skim Milk Extender (SME), and Zobo Extender (ZE). Samples were later thawed and analyzed for progressive motility. Chloroquine phosphate (0.2ml of 3mM) was later introduced into portions of the thawed semen and analyzed hourly for progressive motility. The Skim Milk Extender had the highest initial progressive motility (69.67%), followed by ZE (68.83%), CWE (68.00%), and SCGE (12.50%). With the exclusion of SME and ZE, the results revealed that Chloroquine Phosphate has a significant effect on the progressive motility of canine spermatozoa. The study also confirmed that Chloroquine phosphate had potentials to rejuvenate canine spermatozoa. However, its inclusion rate still needs to be determined.

Research paper thumbnail of SWIMMING CRAB CALLINECTES AMNICOLA (DECAPODA-PORTUNIDAE) CAPTURE ANALYSIS OF A LAGOON WITH HIGH CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE (ABY LAGOON, COTE D’IVOIRE, WEST AFRICA).

Wyno Academic Journal of Biological Sciences , Apr 3, 2014

ABSTRACT The study describes the main causes of captures and productions decreasing of swimming ... more ABSTRACT
The study describes the main causes of captures and productions decreasing of swimming crab Callinectes amnicola (Decapoda Portunidae) in Aby lagoon complex. For that, docks of two Sub Prefectures of Adiaké and Assini-Mafia respectively including the villages of Adiaké, Anga, Assomlan, Epleman, Aby and Man-Man, M'Bratty, Assini-Ngouankro and Assini-Mafia were studied from 2006 to 2009 and completed with previous results obtained from 1988 to 2005. Field investigators were identified by site/village and they recorded daily activities of fishermen (number of effective fishermen, number of gears and area of fishing, duration of fishing, types and quantity of bait) and landing of swimming crabs. During recent period of the study, total production decreased from 3742 tons in 2006 to 1500 tons in 2009. Matrix correlations and correlation analysis indicated that this downward trend was due to the increase of the number of fishermen, number of fishing gear, the decrease in female crabs capture and degradation of the environment related to gradual closure of the Assini-Mafia channel. Despite this decline, total production in Aby lagoon remained high compared to the productions of some lagoons of the country and the region. Given the importance of fishing swimming crabs in Aby lagoon, since it concerns many young people and it is a source of income, stringent measures for sustainable and responsible management must be taken and implemented as part of a co-management plan involving all stakeholders to sustainably manage the resource.

Research paper thumbnail of Switchgrass Yield and Nutrient Characteristics As Influenced By Initial Harvest Date and Anhydrous Ammonia Treatment

ABSRACT Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial grass receiving increased at... more ABSRACT Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial grass receiving increased attention due to its potential as a biofuel in cellulosic ethanol production. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of initial harvest date and anhydrous ammonia (A-NH 4 ) application on DM yield and nutrient content of switchgrass under different moisture levels for both animal feed and biofuel potential. Phase I compared DM yield and nutrient content of switchgrass (Alamo) harvested at three locations in OK, USA. As initial harvest date was delayed, DM yield and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased (P<0.05) while Total digestible nutrients (TDN), In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and Crude protein (CP) decreased (P<0.05). In phase II A-NH 4 was injected at 0, 10, or 20 g kg -1 DM in mini-silos using five moisture levels (200, 300, 400, 500 and 700 g kg -1 DM) to evaluate dispersion of A-NH 4 and its impact on forage quality characteristics. Adequate dispersion of A-NH 4 , as estimated by measuring pH, occurred (P<0.05) with 400, 500, and 700 g kg -1 DM. Nutrient analysis with NIRS determined that NDF decreased (P<0.05) while IVDMD, TDN and CP increased (P<0.05) with 20 g kg -1 A-NH 4 treatments. In situ NDF showed increased (P<0.05) disappearance rates of NDF for 20 g kg -1 A-NH 4 treatments.

Research paper thumbnail of SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE SWMMING CRAB CALLINECTES AMNICOLA FISHERIES IN ABY LAGOON (COTE D’IVOIRE)

The goal of the study is to describe the local socio-economic importance of the fisheries of swim... more The goal of the study is to describe the local socio-economic importance of the fisheries of swimming crabs Callinectes amnicola De Rochebrune (Decapoda Portunidae) of the Aby lagoon in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). In this context, several villages bordering the lagoon were studied from 2001 to 2009 and finally, in 2012. The results indicated that total production decreased from 3742 tons in 2006 to 1,449 tons in 2011 with an average of 2,596 tons of swimming crabs. This activity directly involved in 2012, 365 young fishermen, 6 collector women and 6 wholesaler women. Besides that, there is no traditional /customary resource management and the administration has no special policy for the fishing of swimming crabs. The activity is a source of income since it provided during the high/good season to the fisherman an average net monthly income ranging between 336,338 FCFA (Assomlan) to 122,033 FCFA (Man-Man) and during the low/bad season the income fluctuated between 53,760 FCFA and 160,867 FCFA M'Bratty to Epleman. The monthly income of the wholesale/crab merchant during the high/good season was 527,583 FCFA and during low/bad season was 497 583 FCFA. Finally, crabbing contributed to increasing local own resources through the various taxes levied on markets and transport, social cohesion and improving the welfare of local residents.

Research paper thumbnail of BUILDING STRENGTHS IN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN KENYAN  UNIVERSITIES: WAY FORWARD FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY

Information and Communication Technology is increasingly becoming crucial part of the education s... more Information and Communication Technology is increasingly becoming crucial part of the education system in Kenya and globally. ICT has changed the functioning of the educational system. This paper considers the rapid spread of ICT applications; which has brought technological, social and economic transformations. These changes have caused higher educational institutions, administrators, lecturers to rethink their roles, lecturing and vision for future. The sustainability of a nation in the era of knowledge economy depends on the effective educational system. The proper integration of ICT with teaching/learning increases educational productivity. ICT provides various opportunities to higher educational learners and make lecturers aware of their new roles and responsibilities. ICT has enabled us to monitor and evaluate what is learned, how it is learned, when and where learning takes place. It is enabling the educational management system to dis-charge functions like, administration of examinations, coordination, and alumni network. ICT provides nontraditional students with internet based education anytime and anywhere, these internet technologies enable innovative ways of lecturing. The innovative practices demonstrate approaches, challenging issues, and success factors in integrating ICT into education.

Research paper thumbnail of Critical Thoughts about Islam, Terrorism, and Contemporary Solutions

One of the “butterfly effects” of the 9/11 attacks is the notion of Muslim terrorists and “that I... more One of the “butterfly effects” of the 9/11 attacks is the notion of Muslim terrorists and “that Islam nurtures ideas about killing innocent people.” Like one of the memorable quotes of the “I love Lucy” show, the Muslim scholars “got some 'splainin' to do!” Therefore, while this paper discusses the notions of Islamic fundamentalism such as jihad and the suicide attacks in the name of Islam, it also attempts to present certain solutions to the issues in question. Indeed, a modern Turkish thinker, Fethullah Gulen, a renowned and distinguished Sunni scholar of Islam, provides some solutions to this contemporary problem.

Research paper thumbnail of THE SHADOW GOVERNMENT: THE VANGUARDS OF THE REPUBLIC

There is an intriguing story in the recent Turkish political history. The role of the Turkish mil... more There is an intriguing story in the recent Turkish political history. The role of the Turkish military cast a dark shadow over the civilian political process. However, Turkish military has been pushed to involve in the political arena by privileged civilians as an ‘elite guard’ unit that is in charge of their security. This article examines the roots of the military’s coup tradition within the structures of Turkish politics and military. It also argues that certain conditions in Turkish political structure along with western-influenced traditions of military result the untold but apparent vicious cycle of democracy in Turkey.

Research paper thumbnail of Attitudes  towards Arabization: A Case Study on  Functionaries in Oran, Algeria

This study, based on a questionnaire written in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and French (F), aime... more This study, based on a questionnaire written in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and French (F), aimed at investigating the participants' attitudes towards the policy of Arabization in Algeria. As the policy of Arabization had witnessed antagonistic attitudes of different groups: Arabophones, Francophones, ...and so on, the researcher saw it highly important to investigate those attitudes, which served as the dependent variable, then investigated whether this was correlated with sociobiographical factors like mother tongue. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, the researcher also explored language attitudes, particularly attitudes to MSA and F. The questionnaire was distributed to functionaries working at: a Military Attaché, University Academy, Tribunal, and Company of ‘Angora’ in Oran (a province in the Western part of Algeria). The results of the statistical analyses revealed that the factor of mother tongue significantly affected the functionaries' attitudes towards the policy of Arabization. Furthermore, the participants showed contradictory, yet reconcilable attitudes towards the policy.

Research paper thumbnail of Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Management in the Central African Region- Case of Cameroon’s Large Marine Ecosystems (Lmes): A Critical Review

Abstract Coastal and marine ecological systems provide life-support environmental services to man... more Abstract Coastal and marine ecological systems provide life-support environmental services to mankind. Ecosystem services are important for the improvement of the livelihoods of especially communities around them. To ensure sustainability of these ecosystems and the well-being of the people, Cameroon’s policies are geared towards protecting them. This paper brings out a critical review and analysis of the management approaches put in place by Cameroon for effective and efficient management of its ecosystems. Critical review of literature, observations and focus group discussions were carried out to gain indepth information on coastal ecosystem management. This review and analyses reveal that there has been hardly any integrated management and too much stress is on top-down insular management by experts and specialists who neglect those whose livelihood depend on the resources in these valuable ecosystems. The top-down approach has outlived its credibility and cannot fully deliver the expected results. This paper proposes that an adaptive integrated coastal management is ideal for addressing the problems facing the Central African marine and coastal ecosystems. This approach is holistic and goes beyond policy to involve regular research; analyses of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to supplement the much talked about Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) in the policy framework. These tools facilitate understanding of the state of degradation as well as stakeholders dialogue (the way issues are negotiated). It encourages diversity and takes into consideration the interests of all parties. It is a co-management initiative that will catalyze and boost positive initiatives. Key Words: Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, Adaptive Integrated Management, Large Marine Ecosystems.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential Role of Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides in Animal Health to Combat Growing Concerns of Antibiotic Resistance - A Review.

Antibiotic resistance and particularly multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens are of increasing conc... more Antibiotic resistance and particularly multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens are of increasing concern. WHO (World Health Organization) wrote in April, 2014 that “this serious threat is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect everyone, of any age, in any country.” Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of naturally occurring compounds found in plants and animals and have been isolated from living organisms ranging from single-celled microorganisms, to plants, to livestock species, and to humans. Over 1200 such naturally occurring AMP compounds have been isolated and identified. These compounds are found and produced by many different tissues, and generally form part of the first line of defenses in organism immune systems. Additional research indicates that AMPs are also involved with promoting wound repair, the reduction of inflammations, possibly through the release of prostaglandins, and some are part of the neutrophils and their defense mechanisms against pathogens. The phagocytic action by neutrophils in fighting infectious agents is a series of biological events which includes AMPs as a cofactor in fighting infections and in wound repair, with multiple types of AMPs involved. Early attempts at synthesizing AMPs were unsuccessful due to the expense and the relatively short half-life of the generated AMPs. Recently, synthetic AMPs of a more simplistic nature have been produced using several different positively charged amino acid side chains in their formulations, each amino acid attached to a cholic acid backbone that are inexpensive to manufacture, stable, and better tolerated by the organism. These synthetic AMPs show a range of activities and specificities for bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites and the many derivations of these synthetic AMPs are referred to as Ceragenins or cationic selective antimicrobials (CSAs).

Research paper thumbnail of AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABILITY IN NAMAKKAL DISTRICT OF TAMI NADU

ABSTRACT Sustainability evaluation of irrigated and rain fed agro ecological system was taken up ... more ABSTRACT
Sustainability evaluation of irrigated and rain fed agro ecological system was taken up in Tamil Nadu, India. This study was conducted with the objective of measuring the sustainability with farm level indicators and Sustainable Rural Livelihood (SRL) framework, assessing the livelihood security of farmers and finally developing the optimum farm plans in both the agro ecological systems, Farm level indicators were developed by combining ecology, economy and society criteria. Ecological sustainability analyses showed that irrigated agro-ecological system is sustainable by having high soil fertility status and also by following integrated pest management. The irrigated agro ecological system is more economically viable than rain fed agro ecological system with higher output-input ratio, net return and value addition. Higher input self sufficiency ratio, higher labour requirement to produce one physical unit of crop and higher food expenditure were observed in irrigated agro-ecological system.
SRL framework analyses encompassed the evaluation of five capital assets of natural, financial, physical, capital and social. This analysis confirmed the earlier finding that irrigated agro-ecological system is more sustainable from farm level indicators approach. Livelihood security of farmers in both systems was analyzed with CARE model of Kenya and measured in terms of indices of food, economic, education, habitat and social network. It showed that farmers in irrigated agro ecological system were much secure especially from economic, habitat and social network purview. Finally development of sustainable farm plans through multi-objective goal programming was also attempted in the study, by satisfying economic, ecological and social goals. Finally policy implications were suggested to the Government for the development of irrigated farmers with suitable credit and extension policies and development of rain fed farmers with agricultural development and welfare programmes.
Keywords: Sustainability, Farm Level Indicators, Sustainable Rural Livelihood, Livelihood Security and Optimum Farm Plans.

Research paper thumbnail of Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Grain Quality of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.Var.Durum) Varieties in Central Ethiopia.

Wyno Academic Journal of Agricultural sciences, Dec 27, 2012

Four released durum wheat varieties, two medium tall (Arsi-Robe and Kilinto) and two recently rel... more Four released durum wheat varieties, two medium tall (Arsi-Robe and Kilinto) and two recently released semi-dwarfs (Ude and Yerer) were evaluated under five different N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha -1) in 2005/06 growing season at Akaki and Debre Zeit, central Ethiopia. The quality responses of durum wheat varieties to different N-fertilizer rates and the N responses between tall and short durum wheat varieties were assessed. Protein and gluten content, vitreous kernel count, thousand kernel weight, test weight and lodging were considered. Vitreous kernel count, protein and gluten content were higher at Debre Zeit than at Akaki. Unlike Debre Zeit, there were significant relationships between response variables and fertilizer levels at Akaki. Lodging slightly affected the medium tall varieties at Debre Zeit whereas it was not a problem at Akaki. At Akaki, varieties response to each additional N rate was entirely below the quality standard set by ICC, 2000 except for thousand-kernel weight. Therefore, it is unwise to promote durum wheat scaling up/out program for quality durum wheat production at Akaki.

Research paper thumbnail of Condensed Tannins In The Ruminant Environment: A Perspective On Biological Activity

Wyno Academic Journals of Agricultural Sciences, Jan 5, 2013

The primary objectives of this article were to review the biological activities of condensed tann... more The primary objectives of this article were to review the biological activities of condensed tannins (CT) and to summarize much of what we know about how CT demonstrate biological activity in the ruminant environment. The complex characteristics of CT, such as variability in extent of condensation, heterogeneity of functional groups and degree of polymerization have contributed to the difficulty elucidating their role and modes of action relative to biological activities throughout the ruminant environment. These are constraints to understanding the extent of biological impacts of CT. The determination of molecular weight of CT fractions from native leguminous forage commonly fed to ruminants, relative to reduction of emissions of greenhouse gasses (e.g. methane) by ruminant animals, as well as the maintenance or improvement of overall animal performance, has not been adequately explored. Such knowledge could result in improved animal performance through use of CT containing plants for gastrointestinal parasite suppression, nutrient-use efficiency and decreased ruminal CH4 emissions, the latter a major environmental concern. In the present review we present evidences supporting that the molecular weight of CT, in addition to the concentration, may be a factor in determining biological activity of CT relative to the ruminant environment.

Research paper thumbnail of ‘Label and Labeling’ of Termiticides for Structural Termite Management

Wyno Academic Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jan 14, 2013

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of Label and Labeling instructions spe... more The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of Label and Labeling instructions specifically for the Use of Termiticides for Structural Termite Management.
The law of Label and Labeling is so specific to the general pesticides including Insecticides. The Insecticides used for the control of termites is known as ‘termiticides’, and there is a huge demand for these termiticides all over the world. These termiticides have been used effectively to avoid the damage caused by termites to the national and private property.
Most of the molecules or Insecticides are recommended and are registered for the control of agriculture pests. It is advised that these molecules or insecticides registered for agricultural use shouldn’t be used for non-agriculture purposes and yet some of the termiticides are often used for the structural pest control i.e. indoor and outdoor termite control.
The ‘dose’ and the ‘direction of use’ of this molecule which is mentioned on the label and labeling specifically recommends its use for agriculture purposes but if it is been used for non-agricultural purposes with the same label direction may cause serious effect on the human being and the environment. The dosages and the directions of use of agriculture and non-agriculture molecules are always different. Therefore it is required to mention the specific use insecticide for the specific purpose whether the product is recommended for agriculture or structural.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Statistical and Conceptual Path Models to Predict Corn Yields Across Management-Zones on the Southeast Coastal Plain

Wyno Academic Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Feb 14, 2013

Corn, cotton and peanuts dominate the highly irregular agricultural landscape of the U.S. southea... more Corn, cotton and peanuts dominate the highly irregular agricultural landscape of the U.S. southeastern Coastal Plain, and efficient management of soil, water and nutrients is crucial for successful crop production. In this research, Path Analysis is investigated as a diagnostic tool to separate the direct and indirect effect of soil properties, corn yield components and crop yield, a technique to better explain the underlying causal relationship between these properties and components. Two fields of 1.54 and 1.62 ha in Berrien County, Georgia, USA (83° 21’ 09.96” W, 31° 22’ 37.89” N) were delineated into six management zones based on the “fuzzy-c means” cluster technique. Statistical analyses were combined and applied across the entire research site, then to each management zone. Crop yield was defined as a function of seven yield components and 27 soil, water and nutrient properties. Results from standard multiple regression procedures were compared to the results derived from three conceptual Path Analysis models, which separated yield components and soil properties into direct and indirect effects. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the average number of kernels per ear and the test weight of 100 kernels were the best predictors of yield (R2=99.6), while eight soil properties provided the best prediction of yield (R2 = 59.2) across all management zones. The most predictive Path Analysis model for yield only used yield components as 1st and 2nd order variables, while another model used yield components and soil properties as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order variables, and identified soil carbon, clay content and carbon / nitrogen ratio within the 15 to 35 cm depth as having the largest influence on ear width, which subsequently influenced crop yield. Path analysis provided more insight into the complex relationships between variables than did simple correlation and/or stepwise multiple regression analysis and may provide utility in assessing yield across highly variable production environments and management zones.

Research paper thumbnail of  A winter Annuals for Stocker Cattle Grazing Tall Fescue. Tall Fescue Based Forage Systems Supplemented with Winter Annuals for Stocker Cattle.

Wyno Academic Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jul 21, 2013

Beef cattle production in the southeastern United States has primarily been from cow-calf enterpr... more Beef cattle production in the southeastern United States has primarily been from cow-calf enterprises. Stocker operations allow beef producers the opportunity to add value to calves through added weight after weaning. A 4-yr study was conducted to compare tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Schreb.) forage systems in which winter annuals were used to provide additional high-quality forage to stocker cattle. Two tall fescue cultivars, ‘Jesup’ MaxQTM (MaxQ) or ‘Kentucky-31’ (KY-31) were the primary forage pasture species of tall fescue, with six pastures of each cultivar of tall fescue. One third of the pasture in three paddocks of each cultivar was seeded with a rye/ryegrass mixture. Steers grazing MaxQ pastures gained (P < 0.05) more weight and had higher (P < 0.05) serum prolactin concentrations than those grazing KY-31 regardless of presence of rye/ryegrass. The addition of rye/ryegrass reduced the amount of supplemental feed needed by the steers grazing MaxQ. Winter annuals can be incorporated into existing forage systems to reduce the amount of winter supplement required.

Research paper thumbnail of JATROPHA CURCAS L AS A BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCK IN THE MIOMBO WOODLAND OF SOUTHERN AFRICA-A REVIEW

Wyno Academic Journal of agricultural sciences, Jun 6, 2013

Major sources of heating and lighting energy in Miombo woodland countries are firewood and charco... more Major sources of heating and lighting energy in Miombo woodland countries are firewood and charcoal followed by electricity, petroleum and coal. The region is a net importer of energy in the form of fossil fuels. The introduction of bio-fuels was seen as a way to reduce dependence on imported petroleum products and opened investment opportunities for Southern African countries with suitable land and water resources for feedstock production. Jatropha is the most preferred biodiesel feedstock in the region as it is alleged to perform well with little to no management. This special publication presents information on jatropha production and utilization.

Research paper thumbnail of THE USE OF CHLOROQUINE PHOSPHATE AS A MEANS OF REGENERATING THE MOTILITY OF POST THAWED CANINE SPERMATOZOA.

Wyno Academic Journals of Agricultural Sciences, Aug 26, 2013

Semen samples were obtained from six studs, purposely selected for this study. The semen samples ... more Semen samples were obtained from six studs, purposely selected for this study. The semen samples were cryopreserved in four different extenders in a completely randomized design. These extenders were Sodium-Citrate-Glycine Extender (SCGE), Coconut Milk Extender (CME), Skim Milk Extender (SME), and Zobo Extender (ZE). Samples were later thawed and analyzed for progressive motility. Chloroquine phosphate (0.2ml of 3mM) was later introduced into portions of the thawed semen and analyzed hourly for progressive motility. The Skim Milk Extender had the highest initial progressive motility (69.67%), followed by ZE (68.83%), CWE (68.00%), and SCGE (12.50%). With the exclusion of SME and ZE, the results revealed that Chloroquine Phosphate has a significant effect on the progressive motility of canine spermatozoa. The study also confirmed that Chloroquine phosphate had potentials to rejuvenate canine spermatozoa. However, its inclusion rate still needs to be determined.

Research paper thumbnail of SWIMMING CRAB CALLINECTES AMNICOLA (DECAPODA-PORTUNIDAE) CAPTURE ANALYSIS OF A LAGOON WITH HIGH CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE (ABY LAGOON, COTE D’IVOIRE, WEST AFRICA).

Wyno Academic Journal of Biological Sciences , Apr 3, 2014

ABSTRACT The study describes the main causes of captures and productions decreasing of swimming ... more ABSTRACT
The study describes the main causes of captures and productions decreasing of swimming crab Callinectes amnicola (Decapoda Portunidae) in Aby lagoon complex. For that, docks of two Sub Prefectures of Adiaké and Assini-Mafia respectively including the villages of Adiaké, Anga, Assomlan, Epleman, Aby and Man-Man, M'Bratty, Assini-Ngouankro and Assini-Mafia were studied from 2006 to 2009 and completed with previous results obtained from 1988 to 2005. Field investigators were identified by site/village and they recorded daily activities of fishermen (number of effective fishermen, number of gears and area of fishing, duration of fishing, types and quantity of bait) and landing of swimming crabs. During recent period of the study, total production decreased from 3742 tons in 2006 to 1500 tons in 2009. Matrix correlations and correlation analysis indicated that this downward trend was due to the increase of the number of fishermen, number of fishing gear, the decrease in female crabs capture and degradation of the environment related to gradual closure of the Assini-Mafia channel. Despite this decline, total production in Aby lagoon remained high compared to the productions of some lagoons of the country and the region. Given the importance of fishing swimming crabs in Aby lagoon, since it concerns many young people and it is a source of income, stringent measures for sustainable and responsible management must be taken and implemented as part of a co-management plan involving all stakeholders to sustainably manage the resource.

Research paper thumbnail of Switchgrass Yield and Nutrient Characteristics As Influenced By Initial Harvest Date and Anhydrous Ammonia Treatment

ABSRACT Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial grass receiving increased at... more ABSRACT Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial grass receiving increased attention due to its potential as a biofuel in cellulosic ethanol production. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of initial harvest date and anhydrous ammonia (A-NH 4 ) application on DM yield and nutrient content of switchgrass under different moisture levels for both animal feed and biofuel potential. Phase I compared DM yield and nutrient content of switchgrass (Alamo) harvested at three locations in OK, USA. As initial harvest date was delayed, DM yield and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased (P<0.05) while Total digestible nutrients (TDN), In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and Crude protein (CP) decreased (P<0.05). In phase II A-NH 4 was injected at 0, 10, or 20 g kg -1 DM in mini-silos using five moisture levels (200, 300, 400, 500 and 700 g kg -1 DM) to evaluate dispersion of A-NH 4 and its impact on forage quality characteristics. Adequate dispersion of A-NH 4 , as estimated by measuring pH, occurred (P<0.05) with 400, 500, and 700 g kg -1 DM. Nutrient analysis with NIRS determined that NDF decreased (P<0.05) while IVDMD, TDN and CP increased (P<0.05) with 20 g kg -1 A-NH 4 treatments. In situ NDF showed increased (P<0.05) disappearance rates of NDF for 20 g kg -1 A-NH 4 treatments.