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Papers by Wiktor Matysiak

Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications, 2018

Abstract Conjugated polymers and low molecular weight organic materials that hold semiconducting ... more Abstract Conjugated polymers and low molecular weight organic materials that hold semiconducting properties are a very rich set of possible to use materials with not yet fully explored properties, posing the possibility of producing a huge number of combinations of chemical structures with interesting electronic and optical properties. In these materials the backbone atoms are formed by sp2 hybridization, and electron orbital pz create a system of conjugated π electrons decisive for their semiconductor properties and their suitability for organic optoelectronic devices. The use of organic semiconducting materials also allows for easier and cheaper manufacturing of optoelectronic devices in comparison with devices built on inorganic semiconductors. Therefore, intensive work is underway on developing optoelectronic structures, complementary compared with the currently mostly common silicon materials and to allow the design of flexible devices with good optoelectronic properties.

Journal of achievements in materials and manufacturing engineering, 2015

Purpose: The aim of the study was the preparation of the composite nanofibers with the polymer ma... more Purpose: The aim of the study was the preparation of the composite nanofibers with the polymer matrix reinforced by the reinforcement phase in the form of Bi2O3 ceramic nanoparticles using the electrospinning method from the 10% PAN/DMF solutions with the mass concentration of Bi2O3 nanoparticles of the order of 5 and 10%, and the investigate their morphology and physical properties as a function of the mass concentration of the reinforcing phase and the applied process parameters. Design/methodology/approach: In order to analyze the structure of the used Bi2O3 nanoparticles were used high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). To examine the morphology and chemical composition of the resulting of materials was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In order to analyze the physical properties of obtained composite materials was made the UV-VIS spectroscopy study, which are the...

Iron oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of properties and a lot of applications in today nano-... more Iron oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of properties and a lot of applications in today nano-world. They can be used as: catalyst system [1], biomaterials for the tissue engineering [2], good base for magnetic nanoparticles – to locate hyperthermia, membranes for water purification or thermal energy storage. Poliacrylonitrile, although thermoplastic, is also rigid and brittle and used in manufacturing of synthetic fibers. The most useful applications of nanofibers reinforced by the Fe2O3 nanoparticles are in catalyst systems. Space between nanofibers is so small that all impurities are stopped and removed. In water treatment plants, chrome is the main element to be removed, because of its noxiousness to humans. The aim of this study was to fabricate composite nanofibers reinforced by the Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a polymer matrix of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by the method of the solution electrospinning. After the production, morphology and structure were analyzed on scanning elect...

Journal of achievements in materials and manufacturing engineering, 2015

Purpose: The main goal of present study is to investigate the connection of the effect of the hea... more Purpose: The main goal of present study is to investigate the connection of the effect of the heat treatment with severe plastic deformation using the ECAP (equal channel angular pressing) process and by application of precipitation treatment. Design/methodology/approach: Precipitation treatment was used to increase workability and mechanical properties of the investigated alloy. Two periods of solution treatment time were applied. An aging behaviour of solution treated was studied The cold ECAP behaviour was determined using processing route Bc and the material was subjected to ECAP process up to six pressings. Findings: It was found that precipitation treatment increases the mechanical properties and workability of EN AC 51100 aluminium alloy. It was also found that the structure during severe plastic deformation is refined by interactions of shearing and slip bands. The application of ECAP method increases also mechanical properties of the tested alloy. Research limitations/impli...

The growing interest in one-dimensional tin oxide-based nanomaterials boosts research on both hig... more The growing interest in one-dimensional tin oxide-based nanomaterials boosts research on both high-quality nanomaterials as well as production methods. This is due to the fact that they present unique electrical and optical properties that enable their application in various (opto) electronic devices. Thus, the aim of the paper was to produce ceramic SnO₂ nanowires using electrospinning with the calcination method, and to investigate the influence of the calcination temperature on the morphology, structure and optical properties of the obtained material. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the morphology and chemical structure of obtained nanomaterials. The optical properties of manufactured one-dimensional nanostructures were investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Moreover, based on the UV-Vis spectra, the energy band gap of the prepared nanowires was determined. The analysis of the morphology of the obtained nanowires showed that both the concentration of the precursor in the spinning solution and the calcination temperature have a significant impact on the diameter of the nanowires and, consequently, on their optical properties.

The article describes the investigation of the effect of electrospinning process parameters where... more The article describes the investigation of the effect of electrospinning process parameters wherein the distance between the electrodes was variable, the voltage and the flow rate of the polymer solution was constant for the obtained polymer nanofibers from the solution of PVP/EtOH with concentration of 10% by weight. The morphology of produced nanofibers was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the SEM images a series of measurements of the nanofibers diameters for each sample were executed and then the results were averaged. The research shows that reducing the distance between the electrodes has a significant impact on the diameter of the PVP nanofibers. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 23. February 2017. Accepted 26. Mart 2017. Available 30. Mart 2017.

Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources 2019, 2019

The present study was initiated to investigate the influence of an ECAP die on the microstructure... more The present study was initiated to investigate the influence of an ECAP die on the microstructure evolution and properties of commercial Al-Mg aluminum alloy in as-cast state. To characterize microstructural features an optical microscope was used. The properties of the as processed and initial state material were evaluated based on the hardness measurements. It was found that the applied ECAP die has the meaningful influence on the microstructure as well as the properties of the material. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 23. February 2017. Accepted 25. Mart 2017. Available 30. Mart 2017.

Scientific Reports, 2021

Elastic constructive elements prepared by electrospinning using polyacrylonitrile/polyaniline (PA... more Elastic constructive elements prepared by electrospinning using polyacrylonitrile/polyaniline (PAN/PANI) electroconductive composites were prepared and investigated in terms of their thermal and mechanical properties. This study was focused on the impact of the type of counterion of polyaniline and the PANI content in composites on the thermal, conductive and morphological properties of electrospun fibers. In this study, composites obtained from PANI doped with sulfuric acid showed the highest conductivity, and composites obtained from PANI doped with hydrochloric acid showed the highest thermal stability. All obtained composites exhibited good thermal stability, with T5 values in the range of 230–268 °C that increased with increasing PANI content. The prepared composites exhibited comparable PAN Tg values, which indicates their suitability for processing. Instrumental analysis of polymers and composites was carried out using UV–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, diff...

Solid State Phenomena, 2021

Polymer nanocomposites with unique optical properties are currently one of the materials most des... more Polymer nanocomposites with unique optical properties are currently one of the materials most desired by the industry. An effective method of producing this type of materials is the method of electrospinning from a solution or melted polymers, which allows to obtain a nanocomposite in the form of a mat composed of nanofibers. This paper describes the process of producing nanofibers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and composite thin nanofiber mats from PAN with the addition of graphene oxide (GO) particles using the electrospinning method. In addition, the aim of the work was to investigate the influence of process parameters and filler on the morphology and optical properties of the nanomaterial. By changing the configuration of the distance between the nozzle and the collector (10 and 20 cm) and keeping the remaining parameters of the electrospinning process constant, two PAN polymer samples and two PAN/GO composite samples were manufactured. The analysis of the chemical composition a...

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 2018

Purpose: It has been recently observed, that zinc oxide thin films are gaining much popularity, p... more Purpose: It has been recently observed, that zinc oxide thin films are gaining much popularity, particularly in applications such as toxic gas sensors, photocatalytic materials and photovoltaic cells. Due to much better physical properties of ZnO compared to the ones of titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is currently the most used material in dye sensitized solar cells, efforts are being made to fabricate DSSCs with thin films and/or nanostructures, including nanowires, nanofibres and nanoparticles of zinc oxide. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, zinc oxide thin films were prepared using sol-gel and spin coating methods from Zn(COO)2 x 2H2O dissolved in ethanol and acetic acid with ZnO monocrystalline nanoparticles of 0 and 10% (wt.) relative to the final concentration of produced solutions. The effect of calcination process on ZnO thin films at 600°C were examined using atomic force microscope to investigate the morphology of semiconductor coatings, infrared spectroscopy to p...

Applied Surface Science, 2020

The one-dimensional nanostructures of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) have received in last decade a ... more The one-dimensional nanostructures of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) have received in last decade a great attention due to their outstanding photoferroelectric properties combined with narrow energy band gap beneficial for effective conversion of visible light into electric signal. This paper reports for the first time a simple and fast route for fabrication of photovoltaic devices based on SbSI nanowires. This method involves sonochemical synthesis of SbSI nanowires and spin-coating SbSI-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite, on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. In order to promote efficient charge transfer titanium dioxide (TiO 2) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were applied as an electron and hole transporting layers, respectively. Proposed method can be realized at mild conditions and does not require any additional high temperature treatment in contrast to other methods known for fabrication of SbSI photovoltaic structures. Fabricated structures exhibited an average short-circuit current density of 1.84(20) µA/cm 2 and open circuit voltage of 69(13) mV under a white light illumination with power density of 100 mW/cm 2. SbSI nanowires as lead-free nanomaterials are promising for solar energy harvesting and an application in photodetectors, that can operate in self-powered mode.

Applied Physics A, 2020

The aim of this paper was to prepare SnO2 nanowires using electrospinning and calcination process... more The aim of this paper was to prepare SnO2 nanowires using electrospinning and calcination processes from a poly(vinylpyrrolidone), dimethylformamide, ethanol and tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate solution. The composite PVP/SnCl4 nanofibers obtained via electrospinning method were dried and calcined in a vacuum to remove the polymer matrix at a temperature of 500 °C for 10 h. Three types of nanowires with a polymer to precursor ratios of 2:1, 1:1, 1:3 were produced. The morphology and chemical composition of as-spun PVP/SnCl4 nanofibers and SnO2 nanowires obtained after heat treatment were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDX). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the prepared nanomaterials were also investigated. To determine the topography of PVP/SnCl4 nanofibrous mats, an atomic force microscope (AFM) was used. A 100-fold measurement of the nanowire size showed that, depending on the amount of prec...

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the influence of mass concentration of the reinforc... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the influence of mass concentration of the reinforcement phase on the structure and optical properties of the obtained composite thin films with a polymer matrix reinforced by SiO2, TiO2 and Bi2O3 nanoparticles, produced by the spin-coating method. Design/methodology/approach: To produce composite materials, 10% wt. polymer solutions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and N, N - Dimethyloformamide (DMF) were used, containing nanoparticles with a mass concentration ratio of, sequentially: 0, 4, 8, 12%. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of the obtained thin films were determined on the basis of surface topography images, taken using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDX and QBSD spectrometers. In order to analyse the optical properties, UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used. The width of the band gap was determined on the basis of the absorption spectra of radiation (UV-Vis). Findings:...

Optical Materials, 2018

For the first time, the optical parameters of mats of polymeric, polyacrylonitrite (PAN) nanofibe... more For the first time, the optical parameters of mats of polymeric, polyacrylonitrite (PAN) nanofibers containing ferroelectric and semiconducting antimony selenoiodide (SbSeI) are presented. The novel material has been made by electrospinning. The SbSeI nanowires, used as the filler, have been prepared sonochemically using elemental Sb, Se and I 2 in the presence of ethanol under ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz, 565 W/cm 2) at 323 K within 2 h. The products have been characterized by using techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The spectral characteristics of diffusive transmission and reflectance of PAN/SbSeI mats have been measured at room temperature to determine absorption and scattering coefficients. The absorption spectrum of PAN/SbSeI has been least square fitted with the theoretical dependence appropriate for the sum of the indirect allowed absorption with an absorption/emission of phonons without excitons and a constant absorption term. The indirect allowed optical energy gap of PAN/SbSeI has the value E gIa = 1.59 (1) eV.

Applied Surface Science, 2019

An important element that allows the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) photovoltaic assemblies to... more An important element that allows the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) photovoltaic assemblies to achieve high efficiency is the photoelectrode. In this kind of solar devices photoanode is mostly in the form of a meso-porous oxide layer composed of nanostructures with attached dye molecules through bonds between the hydroxyl group of the oxide material and the carboxylic group in the dye structure. It is responsible for the separation of charge carriers, which plays the most important role in the photovoltaic effect. The used dyes should be characterized by: higher dye excitation energy than the edge of the oxide semiconductor, the wide absorption spectrum, presence of groups that allow permanent bonding to the surface, resistance to photodegradation and photocorrosion, lower level of the basic state than the redox potential of the electrolyte allowing dye regeneration, thermal and electrochemical stability. Nowadays the most commonly used dyes are ruthenium, osmium, copper, iridium complexes as well as porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The work involved the production of two types of photoelectrodes, containing TiO 2 nanoparticles and TiO 2 nanoparticle/nanowire. The nanowires of TiO 2 have been produced with use electrospinning method. The both photoelectrodes have been obtain by screen printing method ensuring dimensional accuracy and repeatability of production. In order to determine the properties of photoanodes, topographical studies were performed using atomic force microscope (AFM), allowing through RMS Ra roughness coefficients determination to quantify of surface of the electrodes, qualitative studies of chemical composition using Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray structural studies, and investigations of optical properties in the wavelength range 200 to 800 nm. The I-V characteristics of dye sensitized solar cells were measured using PV Test Solutions Tadeusz Zdanowicz Solar Cell I-V Tracer System and Keithley 2410 source meter under Standard Test Conditions (AM 1.5, 100 W/m2). The research confirmed that the use of selected method of producing TiO 2 nanowires and the method of photoelectrode production allows to obtain a large specific surface area as well as homogeneity of the electrodes. Investigations of optical properties indicate good absorption of the dye used to the semiconductor TiO 2 layer, both composed of nanoparticles and the nanoparticle/nanowire system. Obtained cell efficiency results at 4.5-5% make photovoltaic structures promising from the point of view of further development and further application.

Solid State Phenomena, 2019

Today, one of the most popular nanomaterials are thin nanofibrous layers, which are used in many ... more Today, one of the most popular nanomaterials are thin nanofibrous layers, which are used in many fields of industry, eg electronics, optics, filtration and the textile industry. They can be produced by various methods, such as drawing, template synthesis, molecular self-assembly or phase separation method, but the most common method is electrospinning from a solution or melts. Electrospinning is gaining more and more interest due to its versatility, simplicity and economy as well as the possibility of producing fibers from various types of polymeric, ceramic and metalic materials. Nanofibrous layers produced by this method are characterized by high quality and the desired physicochemical properties.

Optical Materials, 2018

The aim of the study was to prepare PAN nanofibers reinforced by TiO 2 /Bi 2 O3 nanoparticles and... more The aim of the study was to prepare PAN nanofibers reinforced by TiO 2 /Bi 2 O3 nanoparticles and SbSI nanowires as well as to investigate their morphology and optical properties. The polymer and composite nanofibers were obtained using the electrospinning method from PAN/DMF solutions doped by nanofillers. The investigations of the influence of process parameters on the morphology of the obtained fibrous mats were carried out on the basis of their images of surface topography obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of semiconductor nanofillers on the surfaces and in the volume of PAN nanofibers was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Spectral investigations of diffusive reflectance and transmittance have been used to determine the absorption as well as the scattering coefficients of the PAN, PAN/TiO 2 , PAN/Bi 2 O 3 , and PAN/SbSI nanofibers. Mechanisms of absorption and energy gaps of the investigated materials have been determined.

Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2018

The aim of this paper is to present the influences of material composition and production conditi... more The aim of this paper is to present the influences of material composition and production conditions of the photovoltaic cells on its parameters as well as the active layer properties. The layers were made of organic compounds: metal phthalocyanine/perylene derivatives. In addition, the effects of TiO 2 and SiO 2 nanoadditives were investigated. The materials used are selected so as to allow P-N junction creation. Deposition technique allows at simultaneous applying the materials leads to obtaining homogeneous dispersion of one material in the other, which determines the formation of bulk P-N junctions. Research includes the estimate of share of individual components in the active layer, then determination of the morphology of surface and optical properties of the same layer and its implementation in photovoltaic structures. The structural researches and morphology of surface investigation were made using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical properties were researched with the use of UV-Visible spectroscope. The parameters of cells have been determined on the basis of current-voltage characteristics. The work undertaken within the framework of article allowed to linking properties of active layers with the parameters of the same cells.

Nanomaterials, 2018

The purpose of this paper was to produce SiO 2 and TiO 2 nanowires via the electrospinning proces... more The purpose of this paper was to produce SiO 2 and TiO 2 nanowires via the electrospinning process from a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/Titanium (IV) butoxide (TNBT)/dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol (EtOH) solution. The as-obtained nanofibers were calcined at temperatures ranging from 400 • C to 600 • C in order to remove the organic phase. The one-dimensional ceramic nanostructures were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to analyze the influence of the used temperature on the morphology and structures of the obtained ceramic nanomaterials. In order to examine the chemical structure of the nanowires, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used. The optical property analysis was performed on the basis of UV-Vis spectra of absorbance as a function of the wavelength. Using the modified Swanepoel method, which the authors proposed and the recorded absorbance spectra allowed to determine the banded refractive index n, real n and imaginary k part of the refractive index as a function of the wavelength, complex dielectric permeability ε, and real and imaginary part ε r and ε i of the dielectric permeability as a function of the radiation energy of the produced ceramic nanowires.

Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications, 2018

Abstract Conjugated polymers and low molecular weight organic materials that hold semiconducting ... more Abstract Conjugated polymers and low molecular weight organic materials that hold semiconducting properties are a very rich set of possible to use materials with not yet fully explored properties, posing the possibility of producing a huge number of combinations of chemical structures with interesting electronic and optical properties. In these materials the backbone atoms are formed by sp2 hybridization, and electron orbital pz create a system of conjugated π electrons decisive for their semiconductor properties and their suitability for organic optoelectronic devices. The use of organic semiconducting materials also allows for easier and cheaper manufacturing of optoelectronic devices in comparison with devices built on inorganic semiconductors. Therefore, intensive work is underway on developing optoelectronic structures, complementary compared with the currently mostly common silicon materials and to allow the design of flexible devices with good optoelectronic properties.

Journal of achievements in materials and manufacturing engineering, 2015

Purpose: The aim of the study was the preparation of the composite nanofibers with the polymer ma... more Purpose: The aim of the study was the preparation of the composite nanofibers with the polymer matrix reinforced by the reinforcement phase in the form of Bi2O3 ceramic nanoparticles using the electrospinning method from the 10% PAN/DMF solutions with the mass concentration of Bi2O3 nanoparticles of the order of 5 and 10%, and the investigate their morphology and physical properties as a function of the mass concentration of the reinforcing phase and the applied process parameters. Design/methodology/approach: In order to analyze the structure of the used Bi2O3 nanoparticles were used high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). To examine the morphology and chemical composition of the resulting of materials was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In order to analyze the physical properties of obtained composite materials was made the UV-VIS spectroscopy study, which are the...

Iron oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of properties and a lot of applications in today nano-... more Iron oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of properties and a lot of applications in today nano-world. They can be used as: catalyst system [1], biomaterials for the tissue engineering [2], good base for magnetic nanoparticles – to locate hyperthermia, membranes for water purification or thermal energy storage. Poliacrylonitrile, although thermoplastic, is also rigid and brittle and used in manufacturing of synthetic fibers. The most useful applications of nanofibers reinforced by the Fe2O3 nanoparticles are in catalyst systems. Space between nanofibers is so small that all impurities are stopped and removed. In water treatment plants, chrome is the main element to be removed, because of its noxiousness to humans. The aim of this study was to fabricate composite nanofibers reinforced by the Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a polymer matrix of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by the method of the solution electrospinning. After the production, morphology and structure were analyzed on scanning elect...

Journal of achievements in materials and manufacturing engineering, 2015

Purpose: The main goal of present study is to investigate the connection of the effect of the hea... more Purpose: The main goal of present study is to investigate the connection of the effect of the heat treatment with severe plastic deformation using the ECAP (equal channel angular pressing) process and by application of precipitation treatment. Design/methodology/approach: Precipitation treatment was used to increase workability and mechanical properties of the investigated alloy. Two periods of solution treatment time were applied. An aging behaviour of solution treated was studied The cold ECAP behaviour was determined using processing route Bc and the material was subjected to ECAP process up to six pressings. Findings: It was found that precipitation treatment increases the mechanical properties and workability of EN AC 51100 aluminium alloy. It was also found that the structure during severe plastic deformation is refined by interactions of shearing and slip bands. The application of ECAP method increases also mechanical properties of the tested alloy. Research limitations/impli...

The growing interest in one-dimensional tin oxide-based nanomaterials boosts research on both hig... more The growing interest in one-dimensional tin oxide-based nanomaterials boosts research on both high-quality nanomaterials as well as production methods. This is due to the fact that they present unique electrical and optical properties that enable their application in various (opto) electronic devices. Thus, the aim of the paper was to produce ceramic SnO₂ nanowires using electrospinning with the calcination method, and to investigate the influence of the calcination temperature on the morphology, structure and optical properties of the obtained material. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the morphology and chemical structure of obtained nanomaterials. The optical properties of manufactured one-dimensional nanostructures were investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Moreover, based on the UV-Vis spectra, the energy band gap of the prepared nanowires was determined. The analysis of the morphology of the obtained nanowires showed that both the concentration of the precursor in the spinning solution and the calcination temperature have a significant impact on the diameter of the nanowires and, consequently, on their optical properties.

The article describes the investigation of the effect of electrospinning process parameters where... more The article describes the investigation of the effect of electrospinning process parameters wherein the distance between the electrodes was variable, the voltage and the flow rate of the polymer solution was constant for the obtained polymer nanofibers from the solution of PVP/EtOH with concentration of 10% by weight. The morphology of produced nanofibers was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the SEM images a series of measurements of the nanofibers diameters for each sample were executed and then the results were averaged. The research shows that reducing the distance between the electrodes has a significant impact on the diameter of the PVP nanofibers. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 23. February 2017. Accepted 26. Mart 2017. Available 30. Mart 2017.

Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources 2019, 2019

The present study was initiated to investigate the influence of an ECAP die on the microstructure... more The present study was initiated to investigate the influence of an ECAP die on the microstructure evolution and properties of commercial Al-Mg aluminum alloy in as-cast state. To characterize microstructural features an optical microscope was used. The properties of the as processed and initial state material were evaluated based on the hardness measurements. It was found that the applied ECAP die has the meaningful influence on the microstructure as well as the properties of the material. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 23. February 2017. Accepted 25. Mart 2017. Available 30. Mart 2017.

Scientific Reports, 2021

Elastic constructive elements prepared by electrospinning using polyacrylonitrile/polyaniline (PA... more Elastic constructive elements prepared by electrospinning using polyacrylonitrile/polyaniline (PAN/PANI) electroconductive composites were prepared and investigated in terms of their thermal and mechanical properties. This study was focused on the impact of the type of counterion of polyaniline and the PANI content in composites on the thermal, conductive and morphological properties of electrospun fibers. In this study, composites obtained from PANI doped with sulfuric acid showed the highest conductivity, and composites obtained from PANI doped with hydrochloric acid showed the highest thermal stability. All obtained composites exhibited good thermal stability, with T5 values in the range of 230–268 °C that increased with increasing PANI content. The prepared composites exhibited comparable PAN Tg values, which indicates their suitability for processing. Instrumental analysis of polymers and composites was carried out using UV–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, diff...

Solid State Phenomena, 2021

Polymer nanocomposites with unique optical properties are currently one of the materials most des... more Polymer nanocomposites with unique optical properties are currently one of the materials most desired by the industry. An effective method of producing this type of materials is the method of electrospinning from a solution or melted polymers, which allows to obtain a nanocomposite in the form of a mat composed of nanofibers. This paper describes the process of producing nanofibers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and composite thin nanofiber mats from PAN with the addition of graphene oxide (GO) particles using the electrospinning method. In addition, the aim of the work was to investigate the influence of process parameters and filler on the morphology and optical properties of the nanomaterial. By changing the configuration of the distance between the nozzle and the collector (10 and 20 cm) and keeping the remaining parameters of the electrospinning process constant, two PAN polymer samples and two PAN/GO composite samples were manufactured. The analysis of the chemical composition a...

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 2018

Purpose: It has been recently observed, that zinc oxide thin films are gaining much popularity, p... more Purpose: It has been recently observed, that zinc oxide thin films are gaining much popularity, particularly in applications such as toxic gas sensors, photocatalytic materials and photovoltaic cells. Due to much better physical properties of ZnO compared to the ones of titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is currently the most used material in dye sensitized solar cells, efforts are being made to fabricate DSSCs with thin films and/or nanostructures, including nanowires, nanofibres and nanoparticles of zinc oxide. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, zinc oxide thin films were prepared using sol-gel and spin coating methods from Zn(COO)2 x 2H2O dissolved in ethanol and acetic acid with ZnO monocrystalline nanoparticles of 0 and 10% (wt.) relative to the final concentration of produced solutions. The effect of calcination process on ZnO thin films at 600°C were examined using atomic force microscope to investigate the morphology of semiconductor coatings, infrared spectroscopy to p...

Applied Surface Science, 2020

The one-dimensional nanostructures of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) have received in last decade a ... more The one-dimensional nanostructures of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) have received in last decade a great attention due to their outstanding photoferroelectric properties combined with narrow energy band gap beneficial for effective conversion of visible light into electric signal. This paper reports for the first time a simple and fast route for fabrication of photovoltaic devices based on SbSI nanowires. This method involves sonochemical synthesis of SbSI nanowires and spin-coating SbSI-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite, on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. In order to promote efficient charge transfer titanium dioxide (TiO 2) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were applied as an electron and hole transporting layers, respectively. Proposed method can be realized at mild conditions and does not require any additional high temperature treatment in contrast to other methods known for fabrication of SbSI photovoltaic structures. Fabricated structures exhibited an average short-circuit current density of 1.84(20) µA/cm 2 and open circuit voltage of 69(13) mV under a white light illumination with power density of 100 mW/cm 2. SbSI nanowires as lead-free nanomaterials are promising for solar energy harvesting and an application in photodetectors, that can operate in self-powered mode.

Applied Physics A, 2020

The aim of this paper was to prepare SnO2 nanowires using electrospinning and calcination process... more The aim of this paper was to prepare SnO2 nanowires using electrospinning and calcination processes from a poly(vinylpyrrolidone), dimethylformamide, ethanol and tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate solution. The composite PVP/SnCl4 nanofibers obtained via electrospinning method were dried and calcined in a vacuum to remove the polymer matrix at a temperature of 500 °C for 10 h. Three types of nanowires with a polymer to precursor ratios of 2:1, 1:1, 1:3 were produced. The morphology and chemical composition of as-spun PVP/SnCl4 nanofibers and SnO2 nanowires obtained after heat treatment were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDX). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the prepared nanomaterials were also investigated. To determine the topography of PVP/SnCl4 nanofibrous mats, an atomic force microscope (AFM) was used. A 100-fold measurement of the nanowire size showed that, depending on the amount of prec...

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the influence of mass concentration of the reinforc... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the influence of mass concentration of the reinforcement phase on the structure and optical properties of the obtained composite thin films with a polymer matrix reinforced by SiO2, TiO2 and Bi2O3 nanoparticles, produced by the spin-coating method. Design/methodology/approach: To produce composite materials, 10% wt. polymer solutions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and N, N - Dimethyloformamide (DMF) were used, containing nanoparticles with a mass concentration ratio of, sequentially: 0, 4, 8, 12%. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of the obtained thin films were determined on the basis of surface topography images, taken using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDX and QBSD spectrometers. In order to analyse the optical properties, UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used. The width of the band gap was determined on the basis of the absorption spectra of radiation (UV-Vis). Findings:...

Optical Materials, 2018

For the first time, the optical parameters of mats of polymeric, polyacrylonitrite (PAN) nanofibe... more For the first time, the optical parameters of mats of polymeric, polyacrylonitrite (PAN) nanofibers containing ferroelectric and semiconducting antimony selenoiodide (SbSeI) are presented. The novel material has been made by electrospinning. The SbSeI nanowires, used as the filler, have been prepared sonochemically using elemental Sb, Se and I 2 in the presence of ethanol under ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz, 565 W/cm 2) at 323 K within 2 h. The products have been characterized by using techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The spectral characteristics of diffusive transmission and reflectance of PAN/SbSeI mats have been measured at room temperature to determine absorption and scattering coefficients. The absorption spectrum of PAN/SbSeI has been least square fitted with the theoretical dependence appropriate for the sum of the indirect allowed absorption with an absorption/emission of phonons without excitons and a constant absorption term. The indirect allowed optical energy gap of PAN/SbSeI has the value E gIa = 1.59 (1) eV.

Applied Surface Science, 2019

An important element that allows the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) photovoltaic assemblies to... more An important element that allows the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) photovoltaic assemblies to achieve high efficiency is the photoelectrode. In this kind of solar devices photoanode is mostly in the form of a meso-porous oxide layer composed of nanostructures with attached dye molecules through bonds between the hydroxyl group of the oxide material and the carboxylic group in the dye structure. It is responsible for the separation of charge carriers, which plays the most important role in the photovoltaic effect. The used dyes should be characterized by: higher dye excitation energy than the edge of the oxide semiconductor, the wide absorption spectrum, presence of groups that allow permanent bonding to the surface, resistance to photodegradation and photocorrosion, lower level of the basic state than the redox potential of the electrolyte allowing dye regeneration, thermal and electrochemical stability. Nowadays the most commonly used dyes are ruthenium, osmium, copper, iridium complexes as well as porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The work involved the production of two types of photoelectrodes, containing TiO 2 nanoparticles and TiO 2 nanoparticle/nanowire. The nanowires of TiO 2 have been produced with use electrospinning method. The both photoelectrodes have been obtain by screen printing method ensuring dimensional accuracy and repeatability of production. In order to determine the properties of photoanodes, topographical studies were performed using atomic force microscope (AFM), allowing through RMS Ra roughness coefficients determination to quantify of surface of the electrodes, qualitative studies of chemical composition using Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray structural studies, and investigations of optical properties in the wavelength range 200 to 800 nm. The I-V characteristics of dye sensitized solar cells were measured using PV Test Solutions Tadeusz Zdanowicz Solar Cell I-V Tracer System and Keithley 2410 source meter under Standard Test Conditions (AM 1.5, 100 W/m2). The research confirmed that the use of selected method of producing TiO 2 nanowires and the method of photoelectrode production allows to obtain a large specific surface area as well as homogeneity of the electrodes. Investigations of optical properties indicate good absorption of the dye used to the semiconductor TiO 2 layer, both composed of nanoparticles and the nanoparticle/nanowire system. Obtained cell efficiency results at 4.5-5% make photovoltaic structures promising from the point of view of further development and further application.

Solid State Phenomena, 2019

Today, one of the most popular nanomaterials are thin nanofibrous layers, which are used in many ... more Today, one of the most popular nanomaterials are thin nanofibrous layers, which are used in many fields of industry, eg electronics, optics, filtration and the textile industry. They can be produced by various methods, such as drawing, template synthesis, molecular self-assembly or phase separation method, but the most common method is electrospinning from a solution or melts. Electrospinning is gaining more and more interest due to its versatility, simplicity and economy as well as the possibility of producing fibers from various types of polymeric, ceramic and metalic materials. Nanofibrous layers produced by this method are characterized by high quality and the desired physicochemical properties.

Optical Materials, 2018

The aim of the study was to prepare PAN nanofibers reinforced by TiO 2 /Bi 2 O3 nanoparticles and... more The aim of the study was to prepare PAN nanofibers reinforced by TiO 2 /Bi 2 O3 nanoparticles and SbSI nanowires as well as to investigate their morphology and optical properties. The polymer and composite nanofibers were obtained using the electrospinning method from PAN/DMF solutions doped by nanofillers. The investigations of the influence of process parameters on the morphology of the obtained fibrous mats were carried out on the basis of their images of surface topography obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of semiconductor nanofillers on the surfaces and in the volume of PAN nanofibers was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Spectral investigations of diffusive reflectance and transmittance have been used to determine the absorption as well as the scattering coefficients of the PAN, PAN/TiO 2 , PAN/Bi 2 O 3 , and PAN/SbSI nanofibers. Mechanisms of absorption and energy gaps of the investigated materials have been determined.

Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2018

The aim of this paper is to present the influences of material composition and production conditi... more The aim of this paper is to present the influences of material composition and production conditions of the photovoltaic cells on its parameters as well as the active layer properties. The layers were made of organic compounds: metal phthalocyanine/perylene derivatives. In addition, the effects of TiO 2 and SiO 2 nanoadditives were investigated. The materials used are selected so as to allow P-N junction creation. Deposition technique allows at simultaneous applying the materials leads to obtaining homogeneous dispersion of one material in the other, which determines the formation of bulk P-N junctions. Research includes the estimate of share of individual components in the active layer, then determination of the morphology of surface and optical properties of the same layer and its implementation in photovoltaic structures. The structural researches and morphology of surface investigation were made using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical properties were researched with the use of UV-Visible spectroscope. The parameters of cells have been determined on the basis of current-voltage characteristics. The work undertaken within the framework of article allowed to linking properties of active layers with the parameters of the same cells.

Nanomaterials, 2018

The purpose of this paper was to produce SiO 2 and TiO 2 nanowires via the electrospinning proces... more The purpose of this paper was to produce SiO 2 and TiO 2 nanowires via the electrospinning process from a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/Titanium (IV) butoxide (TNBT)/dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol (EtOH) solution. The as-obtained nanofibers were calcined at temperatures ranging from 400 • C to 600 • C in order to remove the organic phase. The one-dimensional ceramic nanostructures were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to analyze the influence of the used temperature on the morphology and structures of the obtained ceramic nanomaterials. In order to examine the chemical structure of the nanowires, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used. The optical property analysis was performed on the basis of UV-Vis spectra of absorbance as a function of the wavelength. Using the modified Swanepoel method, which the authors proposed and the recorded absorbance spectra allowed to determine the banded refractive index n, real n and imaginary k part of the refractive index as a function of the wavelength, complex dielectric permeability ε, and real and imaginary part ε r and ε i of the dielectric permeability as a function of the radiation energy of the produced ceramic nanowires.