Wilma Silvia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Wilma Silvia

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, 2022

D- dimer assays are most widely used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of pulmonary emb... more D- dimer assays are most widely used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. D- dimer assays vary in instrumentation, calibration standard, method of capture and antibody used. These differences impose significant influence on the characteristics of the assays during operation. In this review, we have outlined the general properties and limitations of different D-dimer assays and provided clinical perspective on the role of D-dimer test in the diagnosis and prognosis of venous thromboembolism.

Asian Biomedicine, 2010

The fat-regulating hormones, adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin have been studied extensively becau... more The fat-regulating hormones, adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin have been studied extensively because therapeutic modality might be gleaned from their augmentation or blockade. Since a link between the hormone and control of hunger was found, ghrelin levels in the human body have received a great deal of attention over the past several years. This mini-review summarizes the role of ghrelin, describing its actions and therapeutic uses.

RGUHS journal of medical sciences, 2019

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, Jul 15, 2023

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders, caused due to deficie... more Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders, caused due to deficiency of enzymes required for the breakdown of Mucopolysaccharides. These undegraded Mucopolysaccharides accumulate in various tissues and cause characteristic features like neurological deficit, impaired motor function, developmental delay, hearing loss, behavioral problems, corneal clouding, glaucoma, respiratory distress, coarse facial features, skeletal deformities, and organomegaly. Based on deficient enzymes they have divided into subtypes Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) Hunter syndrome (I H / I HS / I S), Mucopolysaccharidosis II(MPS II) Hunter syndrome (severe and mild form), Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III) Sanfilippo syndrome, Mucopolysaccharidosis IV(MPS IV) Morquio syndrome, Mucopolysaccharidosis VI(MPS VI) Maroteaux Lamy syndrome, Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VII) Sly syndrome. Diagnosis is classically based on clinical examination and urine analysis. Enzyme assay can also aid in diagnosis. Chorionic villi sampling and amniocentesis are also becoming popular. The main objective of treatment is to improve the quality of life. Symptomatic management includes daily exercise, physiotherapy, tonsillectomy, shunting surgery, and corneal transplantation. There are various recent concepts utilized for the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis. This review article emphasizes such treatment aspects as Hematopoietic stem cell therapy, Enzyme replacement therapy, Gene therapy, Nanoenabled therapy, and Substrate reduction therapy. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, Mar 15, 2022

D-dimer assays are most widely used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of pulmonary embo... more D-dimer assays are most widely used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. D-dimer assays vary in instrumentation, calibration standard, method of capture and antibody used. These differences impose significant influence on the characteristics of the assays during operation. In this review, we have outlined the general properties and limitations of different D-dimer assays and provided clinical perspective on the role of D-dimer test in the diagnosis and prognosis of venous thromboembolism. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Diabetes Mellitus and thyroid disorders are two main endocrine disorders interrelated to each oth... more Diabetes Mellitus and thyroid disorders are two main endocrine disorders interrelated to each other and encountered in clinical practice. Diabetes patients have a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders than the normal population. Thyroid disease is found in both types 1 and 2 diabetes. A variety of thyroid abnormalities may co-exist and interact with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus appears to influence thyroid function in atleast two sites, one at the level of hypothalamic control of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release and the other at the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in the peripheral tissue. Alterations in thyroid hormones indicate the characteristics of low T3 syndrome. Marked hyperglycemia decreases the activity and concentration of hepatic T4 -5' deiodinase. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders is characterized by a complex interdependent interaction. Furthermore, it seems that unidentified thyroid dysfunction could negatively impact diabetes and its complications. Therefore, management of thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes may prove beneficial. Author Affiliations: 1 Dr. Wilma Delphine Silvia CR, 2 Gandham Rajeev, 3 Venkata Bharat Kumar Pinnelli 1,2 Department of Biochemistry, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bangalore Rural. 3 Department of Biochemistry, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore.

PubMed, Mar 25, 2010

Central obesity is known to be an important risk factor in the development of metabolic syndrome ... more Central obesity is known to be an important risk factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and intraabdominal fat thickness has been found to be a reliable indicator of central obesity. Many anthropometric indicators have been suggested for measuring intraabdominal fat. The aim of this study was to relate various anthropometric measurements to intraabdominal fat thickness and to determine which among these is a better predictor of intra abdominal fat in normal subjects. This cross sectional study was carried out. in 60 healthy subjects (32 males and 28 females) in the age group of 25-55 years. Anthropometric measurements such as BMI, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were assessed by using standard methods. Subcutaneous and visceral fat were measured 1 cm above umbilicus by ultrasonography. Intraabdominal fat thickness was correlated with the anthropometric measures by Pearson's test. Multivariate linear regression test was used to find the best anthropometric measurement as a predictor of abdominal fat. Waist circumference showed a significant positive correlation with subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. Waist circumference was found to be the best predictor of intraabdominal fat thickness in normal subjects and therefore of central obesity.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Apr 1, 2014

Background: Studies suggest that various cytokines like TGF-β1 and IL-6 mediate development and p... more Background: Studies suggest that various cytokines like TGF-β1 and IL-6 mediate development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Aim: To determine the role of cytokines by evaluating the plasma levels of TGF-β1 & IL-6 in Type 2 DM elderly patients with different degree of renal function insufficiency. Settings and Design: Cross sectional. Material and Methods: This study comprised of seventy three type2 DM patients between 50-60 years and 44 age & sex matched controls were enrolled in the study were sampled for Serum (Creatinine and HbA1C) and Urine (Albumin and Creatinine). Type 2 DM patients were stratified into normoalbuminura, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Plasma TGF-β1 and IL-6 were analyzed by ELISA method. Serum TGF-β1 and IL-6 levels were increased in Type 2 DM patients compared with controls. Statistical analysis: Tukey Post-hoc test, Analysis of variance and Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis of the results. Results and Conclusion: The mean TGF-β1 and IL-6 were significantly different among the groups with increased level in subjects with macroalbuminuria. This study confirms the role of cytokines in development of diabetic nephropathy.

PubMed, Mar 1, 2012

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major long-term complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). ... more Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major long-term complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 DM is frequently associated with an inflammatory status, but limited information is available on the relationship between low-grade inflammation and DN. The aim of the study is to determine the serum level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in DN patients and to compare with that of normal subjects and to study the association between serum hsCRP levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Fifty DN patients in the age group of 50- 60 years with more than ten years of duration of diabetes were recruited for this study and 25 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in this study as controls. Serum hsCRP levels were measured by turbidometry method. There was a statistically significant increase in serum hsCRP levels in DN cases as compared to normal controls. The hsCRP levels showed a positive correlation with HbA1c in DN. These results suggest that estimation of serum hsCRP levels and aiming at good glycemic control help in early intervention and prevention of further com-plications in diabetic patients.

Biomedicine, Dec 31, 2022

Renalase is a mono amine oxidase enzyme that can metabolise the active catecholamines in the body... more Renalase is a mono amine oxidase enzyme that can metabolise the active catecholamines in the body. Renalase is typically expressed in the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, and renal system. Renalase gene is important in human diseases and is known to break down catecholamines in the blood. Gene for renalase as extreme frequency of congestive heart failure disease in people with long term renal disease and other disorders was shown to be explained by a protein that is released by the kidney. Recent advances have increased our understanding of its structure, enzymatic activity, mechanisms of action, relationships with human disease states, and potential therapeutic value. An enzyme description of renalase is provided in this review, along with COVID-19 infection.

RGUHS journal of medical sciences, 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS novel coronavirus 2 nCoV2 has been declared as a pandemic ... more Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS novel coronavirus 2 nCoV2 has been declared as a pandemic by the WHO and it is implicated in varying degree of mortality and morbidity among different nations. Several studies have shown that susceptibility to cytokine storm is responsible for differences in mortality and morbidity. Interleukin-6 IL-6 has been implicated strongly for the cause of cytokine storm in COVID-19 infections. But it is unclear about the cause for the severity of COVID-19. Recent studies have shown that bradykinins one of the peptides are also implicated in storm leading to severe complications among the infected. Hence this review article is focused on role of cytokines and bradykinins in causing storms in COVID-19.

RGUHS journal of medical sciences, 2021

AIMS Medical Science, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There has been an increased awareness to protect frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure and its consequences. To assess the prevalence of healthcare professionals in India during the COVID-19, a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with healthcare professionals from medical colleges and hospitals from different states across the country. The study comprised 772 healthcare professionals aged ≥18 years. The main outcome measures studied were anxiety, depression, and stress. Among the healthcare professionals, 37.17%, 33.68%, and 23.7% were reported to have anxiety, depression, and stress respectively. The physicians, female, aged population, and professionals sleeping less than 7 hours are more prone to psychological problems. The results of this study predict the high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare professionals in different states of India. Increased COV...

International journal of Indian psychology, Sep 25, 2019

Background: Technology has been intruding into human's daily life so much that most of us would d... more Background: Technology has been intruding into human's daily life so much that most of us would develop dependence on it and so, smartphone is not exclusion. There has been increase in the usage of smartphone especially among student population for various reasons, which could foster addictive behaviors. Medical students are vulnerable population for such addictive behaviors probably due to tremendous academic pressure, where they find smartphone usage as way of escape & ease to relieve from ongoing stressful situations and so on. Objective: To determine the smartphone usage pattern, nomophobia and correlation of nomophobia with academic stress among medical students. Material and Methods: Second year & third year medical students were considered as subjects. Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and Academic Stress Inventory (ASI) were administered. Results: Almost all the students in the study group had nomophobia but at different levels which includes Mild (24.7%), Moderate (65.8%) and Severe (9.3%) and slightly higher among female students. All the domains of the academic stress inventory showed statistically significant association with nomophobia i.e. there is a positive correlation between nomophobia and academic stress among medical students. Conclusion: Apart from various stresses which a medical student undergo, academic stress seems to be an important factor which could have great influence on Nomophobia [No-Mobile-Phobia] and can influence smartphone addiction. This study emphasizes the need for early interventions required to address the medical students in effectively managing their stress and reduce the chances of mobile phone addiction.

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, 2021

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which usually arises from one cell (clonal) and has the cha... more Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which usually arises from one cell (clonal) and has the characteristic of self renewal i.e ability to proliferate and differentiate into various styles of cells (potent). Depending upon the potencies there are different sources of stem cells. Pluripotent cells have the flexibility to differentiate into tissues from the three germ layers. There are various sources of stem cells with varying potencies. Pluripotent cells have the ability to differentiate into tissue from all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). Multipotent stem cells may differentiate into tissue derived from a single germ layer like mesenchymal stem cells which form adipose tissue, bone, and cartilage thanks to the limited generation of most somatic cells, stem cells’ capacity to replenish damaged somatic cells and maintain a self-renewing reservoir of progenitors is crucial for homeostasis in many tissues of the many organisms. Thus, there is an immense interest in u...

International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2013

Background: There has been exponential increase in usage of internet in our daily routine, which ... more Background: There has been exponential increase in usage of internet in our daily routine, which can foster addictive behaviors. Adolescents and teenagers are vulnerable for such addictive behaviors, which can provide them a way of escape from stress, which they encounter during their prolonged academic career. Objective: To determine the internet usage pattern, assess internet addiction and its correlation with psychological status among first year medical students. Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 150 first year medical students. Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21[DASS-21], were administered. Results: The results showed higher rates of internet usage in addictive pattern (87.4%) among the students with females having milder addiction whereas males had equal distribution of mild to moderate addiction. Further, psychological distress specially anxiety (P<0.001) and depression (P=0.002) had significant correlatio...

International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 2015

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been linked with abnormal liver function tests. Increase... more Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been linked with abnormal liver function tests. Increased activities of liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ?-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are markers of liver cell injury. Increased activity of these markers is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to evaluate the significance of liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ?-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials & Methods: Total of 108 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, comprising of 68 males (62.9%) and 40 females (37%) were included in the study. 110 healthy subjects were includes as controls. Age of the subjects ranged between 27 to 75 years. Serum sample was used for the estimation of study parameters such as FBS, PPBS, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, Tota...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Stress is a part of the academic life of graduates. Young adults are especially susce... more Background: Stress is a part of the academic life of graduates. Young adults are especially susceptible to academic stress based on their subjective commitment towards academic goals, and social pressure for superior academic performance. Recognizing academic stress is crucial for planning successful management, and to prevent mental illness. The aim of the study was to develop methods to identify stress using graphology, machine learning algorithm and salivary cortisol.Methods: The study included a mixed method research design and enrolled 43 medical students (19 males and 24 females) between 18-23 years of age were taken in the present study. The Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) was used to ascertain distress among the study subjects.Results: Students written manuscript images were taken for artificial intelligence training and analysis. The written manuscript was evaluated for positive and negative personality traits using graphology techniques. One of the negative ...

Background: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, has sp... more Background: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, has spread throughout the world and is declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). A lot remains to be understood of SARS-CoV-2 and the disease (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has until recently been identified as responsible for both asymptomatic and serious life-threatening infections. The unavailability of specific therapeutic agents is a major hurdle in the treatment and management of COVID-19 patients. The present review attempts to evaluate the immunobiochemical aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Body: This review is a comprehensive evaluation of the data collected through various sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The articles were searched and selected using key words such as “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)”, “Diagnosis of COVID-19”, Pathogenesis of Covid-19”, “management of COVID-19”, “Immunology of COVID-19”...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Amygdalin is also called Vitamin B17 and its semi synthetic product is laetrile. It is a natural ... more Amygdalin is also called Vitamin B17 and its semi synthetic product is laetrile. It is a natural glycoside nutrient which gained popularity due to wide availability and low cost in treating various diseases. Vitamin B17 is derived from natural food sources and can be used for cancer prevention in alternative medicine practices. This review illustrates the proposed anticancer activity and other effects of amygdalin on different body systems along with a variety of clinical trials on humans and animals with pharmacological, toxicological effects and provides a perspective for further investigation and research.

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, 2022

D- dimer assays are most widely used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of pulmonary emb... more D- dimer assays are most widely used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. D- dimer assays vary in instrumentation, calibration standard, method of capture and antibody used. These differences impose significant influence on the characteristics of the assays during operation. In this review, we have outlined the general properties and limitations of different D-dimer assays and provided clinical perspective on the role of D-dimer test in the diagnosis and prognosis of venous thromboembolism.

Asian Biomedicine, 2010

The fat-regulating hormones, adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin have been studied extensively becau... more The fat-regulating hormones, adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin have been studied extensively because therapeutic modality might be gleaned from their augmentation or blockade. Since a link between the hormone and control of hunger was found, ghrelin levels in the human body have received a great deal of attention over the past several years. This mini-review summarizes the role of ghrelin, describing its actions and therapeutic uses.

RGUHS journal of medical sciences, 2019

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, Jul 15, 2023

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders, caused due to deficie... more Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders, caused due to deficiency of enzymes required for the breakdown of Mucopolysaccharides. These undegraded Mucopolysaccharides accumulate in various tissues and cause characteristic features like neurological deficit, impaired motor function, developmental delay, hearing loss, behavioral problems, corneal clouding, glaucoma, respiratory distress, coarse facial features, skeletal deformities, and organomegaly. Based on deficient enzymes they have divided into subtypes Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) Hunter syndrome (I H / I HS / I S), Mucopolysaccharidosis II(MPS II) Hunter syndrome (severe and mild form), Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III) Sanfilippo syndrome, Mucopolysaccharidosis IV(MPS IV) Morquio syndrome, Mucopolysaccharidosis VI(MPS VI) Maroteaux Lamy syndrome, Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VII) Sly syndrome. Diagnosis is classically based on clinical examination and urine analysis. Enzyme assay can also aid in diagnosis. Chorionic villi sampling and amniocentesis are also becoming popular. The main objective of treatment is to improve the quality of life. Symptomatic management includes daily exercise, physiotherapy, tonsillectomy, shunting surgery, and corneal transplantation. There are various recent concepts utilized for the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis. This review article emphasizes such treatment aspects as Hematopoietic stem cell therapy, Enzyme replacement therapy, Gene therapy, Nanoenabled therapy, and Substrate reduction therapy. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, Mar 15, 2022

D-dimer assays are most widely used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of pulmonary embo... more D-dimer assays are most widely used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. D-dimer assays vary in instrumentation, calibration standard, method of capture and antibody used. These differences impose significant influence on the characteristics of the assays during operation. In this review, we have outlined the general properties and limitations of different D-dimer assays and provided clinical perspective on the role of D-dimer test in the diagnosis and prognosis of venous thromboembolism. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Diabetes Mellitus and thyroid disorders are two main endocrine disorders interrelated to each oth... more Diabetes Mellitus and thyroid disorders are two main endocrine disorders interrelated to each other and encountered in clinical practice. Diabetes patients have a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders than the normal population. Thyroid disease is found in both types 1 and 2 diabetes. A variety of thyroid abnormalities may co-exist and interact with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus appears to influence thyroid function in atleast two sites, one at the level of hypothalamic control of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release and the other at the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in the peripheral tissue. Alterations in thyroid hormones indicate the characteristics of low T3 syndrome. Marked hyperglycemia decreases the activity and concentration of hepatic T4 -5' deiodinase. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders is characterized by a complex interdependent interaction. Furthermore, it seems that unidentified thyroid dysfunction could negatively impact diabetes and its complications. Therefore, management of thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes may prove beneficial. Author Affiliations: 1 Dr. Wilma Delphine Silvia CR, 2 Gandham Rajeev, 3 Venkata Bharat Kumar Pinnelli 1,2 Department of Biochemistry, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bangalore Rural. 3 Department of Biochemistry, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore.

PubMed, Mar 25, 2010

Central obesity is known to be an important risk factor in the development of metabolic syndrome ... more Central obesity is known to be an important risk factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and intraabdominal fat thickness has been found to be a reliable indicator of central obesity. Many anthropometric indicators have been suggested for measuring intraabdominal fat. The aim of this study was to relate various anthropometric measurements to intraabdominal fat thickness and to determine which among these is a better predictor of intra abdominal fat in normal subjects. This cross sectional study was carried out. in 60 healthy subjects (32 males and 28 females) in the age group of 25-55 years. Anthropometric measurements such as BMI, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were assessed by using standard methods. Subcutaneous and visceral fat were measured 1 cm above umbilicus by ultrasonography. Intraabdominal fat thickness was correlated with the anthropometric measures by Pearson's test. Multivariate linear regression test was used to find the best anthropometric measurement as a predictor of abdominal fat. Waist circumference showed a significant positive correlation with subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. Waist circumference was found to be the best predictor of intraabdominal fat thickness in normal subjects and therefore of central obesity.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Apr 1, 2014

Background: Studies suggest that various cytokines like TGF-β1 and IL-6 mediate development and p... more Background: Studies suggest that various cytokines like TGF-β1 and IL-6 mediate development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Aim: To determine the role of cytokines by evaluating the plasma levels of TGF-β1 & IL-6 in Type 2 DM elderly patients with different degree of renal function insufficiency. Settings and Design: Cross sectional. Material and Methods: This study comprised of seventy three type2 DM patients between 50-60 years and 44 age & sex matched controls were enrolled in the study were sampled for Serum (Creatinine and HbA1C) and Urine (Albumin and Creatinine). Type 2 DM patients were stratified into normoalbuminura, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Plasma TGF-β1 and IL-6 were analyzed by ELISA method. Serum TGF-β1 and IL-6 levels were increased in Type 2 DM patients compared with controls. Statistical analysis: Tukey Post-hoc test, Analysis of variance and Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis of the results. Results and Conclusion: The mean TGF-β1 and IL-6 were significantly different among the groups with increased level in subjects with macroalbuminuria. This study confirms the role of cytokines in development of diabetic nephropathy.

PubMed, Mar 1, 2012

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major long-term complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). ... more Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major long-term complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 DM is frequently associated with an inflammatory status, but limited information is available on the relationship between low-grade inflammation and DN. The aim of the study is to determine the serum level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in DN patients and to compare with that of normal subjects and to study the association between serum hsCRP levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Fifty DN patients in the age group of 50- 60 years with more than ten years of duration of diabetes were recruited for this study and 25 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in this study as controls. Serum hsCRP levels were measured by turbidometry method. There was a statistically significant increase in serum hsCRP levels in DN cases as compared to normal controls. The hsCRP levels showed a positive correlation with HbA1c in DN. These results suggest that estimation of serum hsCRP levels and aiming at good glycemic control help in early intervention and prevention of further com-plications in diabetic patients.

Biomedicine, Dec 31, 2022

Renalase is a mono amine oxidase enzyme that can metabolise the active catecholamines in the body... more Renalase is a mono amine oxidase enzyme that can metabolise the active catecholamines in the body. Renalase is typically expressed in the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, and renal system. Renalase gene is important in human diseases and is known to break down catecholamines in the blood. Gene for renalase as extreme frequency of congestive heart failure disease in people with long term renal disease and other disorders was shown to be explained by a protein that is released by the kidney. Recent advances have increased our understanding of its structure, enzymatic activity, mechanisms of action, relationships with human disease states, and potential therapeutic value. An enzyme description of renalase is provided in this review, along with COVID-19 infection.

RGUHS journal of medical sciences, 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS novel coronavirus 2 nCoV2 has been declared as a pandemic ... more Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS novel coronavirus 2 nCoV2 has been declared as a pandemic by the WHO and it is implicated in varying degree of mortality and morbidity among different nations. Several studies have shown that susceptibility to cytokine storm is responsible for differences in mortality and morbidity. Interleukin-6 IL-6 has been implicated strongly for the cause of cytokine storm in COVID-19 infections. But it is unclear about the cause for the severity of COVID-19. Recent studies have shown that bradykinins one of the peptides are also implicated in storm leading to severe complications among the infected. Hence this review article is focused on role of cytokines and bradykinins in causing storms in COVID-19.

RGUHS journal of medical sciences, 2021

AIMS Medical Science, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There has been an increased awareness to protect frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure and its consequences. To assess the prevalence of healthcare professionals in India during the COVID-19, a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with healthcare professionals from medical colleges and hospitals from different states across the country. The study comprised 772 healthcare professionals aged ≥18 years. The main outcome measures studied were anxiety, depression, and stress. Among the healthcare professionals, 37.17%, 33.68%, and 23.7% were reported to have anxiety, depression, and stress respectively. The physicians, female, aged population, and professionals sleeping less than 7 hours are more prone to psychological problems. The results of this study predict the high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare professionals in different states of India. Increased COV...

International journal of Indian psychology, Sep 25, 2019

Background: Technology has been intruding into human's daily life so much that most of us would d... more Background: Technology has been intruding into human's daily life so much that most of us would develop dependence on it and so, smartphone is not exclusion. There has been increase in the usage of smartphone especially among student population for various reasons, which could foster addictive behaviors. Medical students are vulnerable population for such addictive behaviors probably due to tremendous academic pressure, where they find smartphone usage as way of escape & ease to relieve from ongoing stressful situations and so on. Objective: To determine the smartphone usage pattern, nomophobia and correlation of nomophobia with academic stress among medical students. Material and Methods: Second year & third year medical students were considered as subjects. Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and Academic Stress Inventory (ASI) were administered. Results: Almost all the students in the study group had nomophobia but at different levels which includes Mild (24.7%), Moderate (65.8%) and Severe (9.3%) and slightly higher among female students. All the domains of the academic stress inventory showed statistically significant association with nomophobia i.e. there is a positive correlation between nomophobia and academic stress among medical students. Conclusion: Apart from various stresses which a medical student undergo, academic stress seems to be an important factor which could have great influence on Nomophobia [No-Mobile-Phobia] and can influence smartphone addiction. This study emphasizes the need for early interventions required to address the medical students in effectively managing their stress and reduce the chances of mobile phone addiction.

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, 2021

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which usually arises from one cell (clonal) and has the cha... more Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which usually arises from one cell (clonal) and has the characteristic of self renewal i.e ability to proliferate and differentiate into various styles of cells (potent). Depending upon the potencies there are different sources of stem cells. Pluripotent cells have the flexibility to differentiate into tissues from the three germ layers. There are various sources of stem cells with varying potencies. Pluripotent cells have the ability to differentiate into tissue from all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). Multipotent stem cells may differentiate into tissue derived from a single germ layer like mesenchymal stem cells which form adipose tissue, bone, and cartilage thanks to the limited generation of most somatic cells, stem cells’ capacity to replenish damaged somatic cells and maintain a self-renewing reservoir of progenitors is crucial for homeostasis in many tissues of the many organisms. Thus, there is an immense interest in u...

International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2013

Background: There has been exponential increase in usage of internet in our daily routine, which ... more Background: There has been exponential increase in usage of internet in our daily routine, which can foster addictive behaviors. Adolescents and teenagers are vulnerable for such addictive behaviors, which can provide them a way of escape from stress, which they encounter during their prolonged academic career. Objective: To determine the internet usage pattern, assess internet addiction and its correlation with psychological status among first year medical students. Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 150 first year medical students. Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21[DASS-21], were administered. Results: The results showed higher rates of internet usage in addictive pattern (87.4%) among the students with females having milder addiction whereas males had equal distribution of mild to moderate addiction. Further, psychological distress specially anxiety (P<0.001) and depression (P=0.002) had significant correlatio...

International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 2015

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been linked with abnormal liver function tests. Increase... more Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been linked with abnormal liver function tests. Increased activities of liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ?-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are markers of liver cell injury. Increased activity of these markers is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to evaluate the significance of liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ?-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials & Methods: Total of 108 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, comprising of 68 males (62.9%) and 40 females (37%) were included in the study. 110 healthy subjects were includes as controls. Age of the subjects ranged between 27 to 75 years. Serum sample was used for the estimation of study parameters such as FBS, PPBS, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, Tota...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Stress is a part of the academic life of graduates. Young adults are especially susce... more Background: Stress is a part of the academic life of graduates. Young adults are especially susceptible to academic stress based on their subjective commitment towards academic goals, and social pressure for superior academic performance. Recognizing academic stress is crucial for planning successful management, and to prevent mental illness. The aim of the study was to develop methods to identify stress using graphology, machine learning algorithm and salivary cortisol.Methods: The study included a mixed method research design and enrolled 43 medical students (19 males and 24 females) between 18-23 years of age were taken in the present study. The Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) was used to ascertain distress among the study subjects.Results: Students written manuscript images were taken for artificial intelligence training and analysis. The written manuscript was evaluated for positive and negative personality traits using graphology techniques. One of the negative ...

Background: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, has sp... more Background: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, has spread throughout the world and is declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). A lot remains to be understood of SARS-CoV-2 and the disease (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has until recently been identified as responsible for both asymptomatic and serious life-threatening infections. The unavailability of specific therapeutic agents is a major hurdle in the treatment and management of COVID-19 patients. The present review attempts to evaluate the immunobiochemical aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Body: This review is a comprehensive evaluation of the data collected through various sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The articles were searched and selected using key words such as “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)”, “Diagnosis of COVID-19”, Pathogenesis of Covid-19”, “management of COVID-19”, “Immunology of COVID-19”...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Amygdalin is also called Vitamin B17 and its semi synthetic product is laetrile. It is a natural ... more Amygdalin is also called Vitamin B17 and its semi synthetic product is laetrile. It is a natural glycoside nutrient which gained popularity due to wide availability and low cost in treating various diseases. Vitamin B17 is derived from natural food sources and can be used for cancer prevention in alternative medicine practices. This review illustrates the proposed anticancer activity and other effects of amygdalin on different body systems along with a variety of clinical trials on humans and animals with pharmacological, toxicological effects and provides a perspective for further investigation and research.