Yves Moens - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Yves Moens

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Promazine on the Venous Haematocrit and Plasma Protein Concentration in the Horse

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Increased plasma bromide concentration in the horse after halothane anesthesia

American Journal of Veterinary Research

A long-lasting increase of the plasma bromide concentration was found in 25 horses after clinical... more A long-lasting increase of the plasma bromide concentration was found in 25 horses after clinical halothane anesthesia. The plasma bromide concentration was significantly (P less than 0.005) increased at the end of anesthesia. In 18 horses, peak values were reached between 48 and 72 hours after anesthesia. Eighteen days after horses had been anesthetized, the plasma bromide concentration remained significantly (P less than 0.005) increased. Significant correlation was not found between the total dose of halothane and the plasma bromide concentration. In 1 horse reanesthetized with halothane 4 days after initial halothane anesthesia, the plasma bromide concentration increased to high concentrations.

Research paper thumbnail of Publication rate of studies presented at veterinary anaesthesia specialty meetings during the years 2003-2008

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2015

To assess publication rates, factors predicting publication, and discrepancies between conference... more To assess publication rates, factors predicting publication, and discrepancies between conference abstracts and subsequent full-text publications of abstracts from the veterinary meetings of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists and the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists from 2003 to 2008. Retrospective cohort study. A total of 607 abstracts were identified and a database search (Scopus, PubMed, CAB) was conducted to identify matching publications. Authors of nonmatching abstracts were contacted to participate in a confidential online survey. Risk ratios were used to assess factors predicting publication and these were tested for significance (p < 0.05) using Fisher's exact test. The overall publication rate was 63.3% and the mean (± SD) time to publication was 25 ± 19 months. Factors significantly associated with subsequent full publication (i.e. publication of a full manuscript in a peer-reviewed journal) were continent of origin (North America), study design (experimental studies), specialty (analgesia) and the presence of a source of funding. The principal reasons why studies remained unpublished were lack of time and responsibility lying with co-authors. Minor changes compared with the original abstract were found in 71.6% of all publications. Major changes were noted in 34.6% and the outcome of the study changed in 7.6%. These data suggest that some of the abstracts reported preliminary findings. Therefore, caution is warranted when quoting abstracts as references in scientific publications. To date, major veterinary journals have not issued recommendations in their author guidelines addressing the use of abstracts as a reference. The authors propose the inclusion of such a statement in author guidelines.

Research paper thumbnail of Patient monitoring and monitoring equipment

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of respiratory function during TIVA and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies Part II: breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2014

To compare breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure during total intravenous (TIVA) and... more To compare breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure during total intravenous (TIVA) and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies. Experimental, cross-over study. Six healthy ponies weighing 286 (233-388) ± 61 kg, age 13 (9-16) ± 3 years. Following premedication with romifidine [80 μg kg(-1) intravenously (IV)], general anaesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.06 mg kg(-1) IV) and ketamine (2.5 mg kg(-1) IV) and maintained with either isoflurane (Fe'Iso = 1.1%) (T-ISO) or an IV combination of romifidine (120 μg kg(-1) per hour), midazolam (0.09 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) and ketamine (3.3 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) (T-TIVA), while breathing 60% oxygen (FIO(2)). The circumference changes of the rib cage (RC) and abdominal compartment (ABD) were recorded using respiratory ultrasonic plethysmography (RUP). Balloon tipped catheters were placed in the distal oesophagus and the stomach and maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi max) was calculated during Mueller's manoeuvre. The breathing p...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the analgesic effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine used to provide a brachial plexus block for forelimb surgery in 10 dogs

The Veterinary record, Jan 14, 2005

Twenty adult dogs weighing between 1.4 and 53.5 kg and aged between six months and nine years wer... more Twenty adult dogs weighing between 1.4 and 53.5 kg and aged between six months and nine years were anaesthetised and the brachial plexus was localised with the aid of a nerve stimulator. In 10 of the dogs a brachial plexus block was induced with a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine and the other 10 each received 0.25 ml/kg saline as a control. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration was maintained between 1.3 and 1.4 per cent during surgery for carpal arthrodesis or a fracture of the radius or ulna. Acute heart rate or blood pressure increases of 20 per cent or more were treated with 1 microg/kg fentanyl intravenously. Postoperatively, signs of pain were scored by a single blinded observer at hourly intervals until eight hours after the block had been induced, on a scale from 0 to 18. Dogs with pain scores above 5 received 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg methadone intravenously, repeated as necessary. During surgery the control dogs received significantly more fentanyl (median 0.05 microg/kg/minu...

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasound spirometry in the horse: a preliminary report on the method and the effects of xylazine and lobeline hydrochloride medication

Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 1997

A new computerised ultrasound-based spirometry system according to Buess et al. (1995) modified b... more A new computerised ultrasound-based spirometry system according to Buess et al. (1995) modified by a double flow measurement facility was used to study pulmonary function in healthy horses and horses affected with subclinical and manifest chronic bronchiolitis (CB). The horses were first evaluated at rest without any medication. On another occasion all horses were tested following i.v. administration of xylazine (0.4 mg/kg) and following i.v. administration of lobeline hydrochloride (l.hy.; 0.2 mg/kg) to evaluate the effect of xylazine and l.hy. on different spirometric variables. Ultrasound-based spirometry proved to be an easily applicable method for lung function testing, even in difficult horses. However, there existed a pronounced physiological variation for all measured lung function parameters and no significant differences between healthy horses and horses with chronic bronchiolitis could be found except for the expiratory tidal volume (VTE p < 0.05). Individually, a mark...

Research paper thumbnail of Continuous extradural analgesia in a cow with complex regional pain syndrome

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2006

A chronic pain syndrome, similar to the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) described in human ... more A chronic pain syndrome, similar to the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) described in human beings, was diagnosed in a cow with persisting severe pelvic limb lameness. Diagnosis was based on the disproportionate relationship between the severity and duration of pain and the lesion, the failure of conventional analgesic and surgical therapy and the presence of characteristic clinical features. Multimodal therapy, i.e. a mixture of methadone, ketamine and bupivacaine was administered continuously for 17 days via an extradural catheter to counteract nociceptive hypersensitization. Doses were adjusted daily after assessing the effect, using a composite pain score. Physiotherapy was also performed. The diagnosis of CRPS in cattle is unusual. In this case, treatment was successful and the cow was discharged mildly lame and in improving physical condition. Long-term extradural analgesia proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of this syndrome, which was nonresponsive to conventional therapy.

Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of the antinociceptive effects of xylazine, detomidine and romifidine on experimental pain in horses

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2003

To study the analgesic potency of the alpha2-agonist romifidine in the horse using both an electr... more To study the analgesic potency of the alpha2-agonist romifidine in the horse using both an electrical current and a mechanical pressure model for nociceptive threshold testing. In addition, a comparison was made with doses of detomidine and xylazine that produce equivalent degrees of sedation. Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded cross-over study. Six adult Swiss warmblood horses, one mare and five geldings, weighing from 530 to 650 kg and aged 6-15 years. Nociceptive thresholds were measured using an electrical stimulus applied to the coronary band and using a pneumatically operated pin pressing on the cannon bone. Measurements were made immediately before and every 15 minutes for 2 hours after IV injection of the test substances. Lifting of the foot indicated the test end point. The three alpha2-agonists caused a temporary increase in nociceptive thresholds with a maximal effect within 15 minutes and a return to baseline levels within 1 hour. Using electrical current testing nociceptive thresholds were significantly different from placebo (mean +/- SD) for detomidine at 15 minutes (from control 5.8 +/- 0.9 to 23.3 +/- 3.9 mA, p = 0.0066) and 30 minutes (from control 6.6 +/- 1.1 to 18.8 +/- 3.3 mA, p = 0.0091). The difference was significant for romifidine at 15 minutes only (from control 5.8 +/- 0.9 to 18.7 +/- 3.8 mA, p = 0.0066). With mechanical pressure testing nociceptive thresholds were significantly different from control for detomidine at 15 minutes (from 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.2 +/- 0.5 N, p = 0.00076) and 30 minutes (from 3.2 +/- 0.7 to 5.7 +/- 0.8 N, p = 0.0167). The difference was significant for xylazine at 15 minutes (from control 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 5.6 +/- 0.7 N, p = 0.0079). At 15 minutes the order of magnitude of the measured antinociceptive effect was significantly different between the two pain tests for both romifidine and detomidine, but not for xylazine. For romifidine, the increase of mean thresholds compared to placebo was 4.0 +/- 1.3 times placebo levels with the electrical current test compared to 1.3 +/- 0.3 times for the mechanical pressure test (p = 0.037). For detomidine, the increase of mean thresholds compared to placebo was 5.4 +/- 1.7 times control levels with the electrical current test compared to 2.0 +/- 0.2 times for the mechanical pressure test (p = 0.040). This represents a 2.7 (romifidine) and 3.4 times (detomidine) greater increase in thresholds using electrical current testing compared to the use of mechanical pressure testing. This study demonstrates the analgesic potential of alpha2-agonists in the horse for somatic pain and that they can have quantitatively different antinociceptive effects according to the antinociceptive test used.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of the medicines cascade

Veterinary Record, 2007

... Eddie Clutton, Senior Vice-President, AVA4 and; ... 4 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studi... more ... Eddie Clutton, Senior Vice-President, AVA4 and; ... 4 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG; 5 Taylor Monroe, Gravel Head Farm, Downham Common, Little Downham, Ely, Cambridgeshire CB6 2TY. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Prolonged recovery and respiratory depression after fentanyl infusion in a sheep undergoing mitral valve reconstruction

Laboratory Animals, 2005

A sheep was anaesthetized for implantation of a novel device (MitroFast s ) to replace the poster... more A sheep was anaesthetized for implantation of a novel device (MitroFast s ) to replace the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Anaesthetic management included a balanced anaesthetic protocol and consisted of propofol or isoflurane combined with fentanyl infusion (0.15-0.4 mg/kg/min). Deliberate hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass was set at 34.5-35.51C. Surgery proceeded uneventfully. Total time of aortic cross-clamping was 35 min and total time on extracorporeal circulation was 60 min. Visual inspection, intracardiac pressure testing and transesophageal echocardiography indicated proper functioning of the device. The anaesthetic period was uneventful, but recovery was prolonged with central nervous and respiratory depression and marked hypoxaemia. Administration of naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, repeated twice at 15-20 min intervals) reversed the central nervous and attenuated the respiratory depressions. An initially low rate of urine production normalized after rewarming and a single intravenous administration of furosemide.

Research paper thumbnail of Blood/gas partition coefficients of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in horse blood

British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2003

Background. Blood/gas partition coef®cients (l b/g ) for volatile agents in horse blood are repor... more Background. Blood/gas partition coef®cients (l b/g ) for volatile agents in horse blood are reported for halothane but not for iso¯urane and sevo¯urane. We measured the l b/g of halothane, iso¯urane and sevo¯urane in the blood of fasted horses. The correlation with age, weight and some haematological and biochemical variables was studied. The temperature correction factor for iso¯urane solubility was calculated.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Practice of Epidural Puncture in Dogs and Cats Assisted by a Commercial Acoustic Puncture Assist Device-Epidural Locator: Preliminary Results

Journal of veterinary medical education, 2016

The objective of this study was to compare an Acoustic Puncture Assist Device-Epidural Locator (A... more The objective of this study was to compare an Acoustic Puncture Assist Device-Epidural Locator (APAD-EL) with the "pop sensation" (POP) and "lack of resistance" (LOR) commonly used to confirm penetration of the ligamentum flavum and to ensure correct epidural placement in dogs and cats. We recruited 38 dogs and cats undergoing surgery and receiving epidural analgesia. Two anesthetists performed epidural puncture using the POP and LOR signs. Simultaneously, APAD-EL was used to collect visual and acoustic confirmation during advancement and placement of the needle tip for post hoc evaluation. A positive APAD-EL sign consists of a sudden pressure drop at the needle tip visible on a display and a concomitant pitch change of an acoustic signal. Failure to record a sudden pressure drop is considered a negative APAD sign. Descriptive statistics were used. In 32 patients with positive POP and LOR, the APAD was also positive. In one patient, POP was positive with a negati...

Research paper thumbnail of The Value of Capnography for Monitoring the Circulation and Respiration During General Anaesthesia in the Horse

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

Research paper thumbnail of Capnographic monitoring in small animal anesthesia

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

Research paper thumbnail of Alveolar recruitment manoeuvre in a Shetland pony anaesthetized for laparoscopic castration

Wiener tierärztliche Monatsschrift

During general anaesthesia gas exchange is disturbed in most horses. During laparoscopy in dorsal... more During general anaesthesia gas exchange is disturbed in most horses. During laparoscopy in dorsal recumbency, increased abdominal pressure and head down position may increase ventilation perfusion mismatch, leading to compromised oxygenation and ventilation. A healthy Shetland pony was anaesthetized for laparoscopic castration in dorsal recumbency. After premedication with detomidine and induction with climazolam and ketamine, isoflurane in oxygen was used to maintain anaesthesia. Standard large animal anaesthetic equipment was used, with the addition of a custom-built positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve. Calculated shunt fraction decreased from 0.25 in the spontaneously breathing pony to 0.17 after starting intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Following an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre consisting of a series of increases in positive inspiratory pressure and PEEP, the shunt fraction decreased to 0. At the same time the abdominal cavity was inflated and the pony was...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of tidal volume and end-expiratory pressure on inspiratory gas distribution and gas exchange during mechanical ventilation in horses positioned in lateral recumbency

American Journal of Veterinary Research

To study effects of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) with large tidal volumes an... more To study effects of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) with large tidal volumes and addition of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on maldistribution of ventilation in anesthetized horses positioned in lateral recumbency. 6 healthy adult horses. Anesthesia was induced by i.v. infusion of thiopental sodium and guiafenesin and was maintained with supplemental doses of thiopental and i.v. infusion of chloral hydrate. Functional separation of the lungs was achieved, using a tube-in-tube intubation technique. Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation of both lungs with air was done by use of an anesthetic circle system and a ventilator. Data were collected during spontaneous respiration and during IPPV, using increasing tidal volumes with and without PEEP of 10 and 20 cm of H2O. Uneven distribution of inspired gas between the lungs that existed during spontaneous respiration was not altered by IPPV and large tidal volumes. Addition of PEEP caused a significant and re...

Research paper thumbnail of Perioperative use of fluid warmers reduces hypothermia in cats

Tierärztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

Objective: Perioperative hypothermia is a common problem that must not be underestimated. There a... more Objective: Perioperative hypothermia is a common problem that must not be underestimated. There are plenty of methods to prevent or reduce heat loss during anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of warmed intravenous (IV) infusions to the perioperative decrease of body temperature of anaesthetized cats. Material and methods: In this randomly designed study 30 cats undergoing surgical procedures were anaesthetized with a standardized anaesthesia protocol. Fifteen cats received IV infusions with room temperature; the IV infusion of the other 15 cats was constantly warmed to 38-39°C using a fluid warming device. The development of body temperature within the first 60 minutes of anaesthesia of both groups was compared and analysed. Additionally the influence of the room temperature on the body temperature and the influence of body temperature at the end of anaesthesia on the recovery period were evaluated. Results: After 60 minutes of anaesthesia cats receiving...

Research paper thumbnail of Bone Sequestration as a Consequence of Limb Wounds in the Horse

Veterinary Radiology, 1980

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Luxation of the shoulder joint in a horse recovering from general anaesthesia

The Veterinary record, Jan 3, 2005

... Wilson and Reynolds (1984) reported a single case in a pony, treated by a closed reduction te... more ... Wilson and Reynolds (1984) reported a single case in a pony, treated by a closed reduction tech-nique under general anaesthesia. ... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are indebted to the owner of the horse for her cooperation in dealing with the mare. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Promazine on the Venous Haematocrit and Plasma Protein Concentration in the Horse

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Increased plasma bromide concentration in the horse after halothane anesthesia

American Journal of Veterinary Research

A long-lasting increase of the plasma bromide concentration was found in 25 horses after clinical... more A long-lasting increase of the plasma bromide concentration was found in 25 horses after clinical halothane anesthesia. The plasma bromide concentration was significantly (P less than 0.005) increased at the end of anesthesia. In 18 horses, peak values were reached between 48 and 72 hours after anesthesia. Eighteen days after horses had been anesthetized, the plasma bromide concentration remained significantly (P less than 0.005) increased. Significant correlation was not found between the total dose of halothane and the plasma bromide concentration. In 1 horse reanesthetized with halothane 4 days after initial halothane anesthesia, the plasma bromide concentration increased to high concentrations.

Research paper thumbnail of Publication rate of studies presented at veterinary anaesthesia specialty meetings during the years 2003-2008

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2015

To assess publication rates, factors predicting publication, and discrepancies between conference... more To assess publication rates, factors predicting publication, and discrepancies between conference abstracts and subsequent full-text publications of abstracts from the veterinary meetings of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists and the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists from 2003 to 2008. Retrospective cohort study. A total of 607 abstracts were identified and a database search (Scopus, PubMed, CAB) was conducted to identify matching publications. Authors of nonmatching abstracts were contacted to participate in a confidential online survey. Risk ratios were used to assess factors predicting publication and these were tested for significance (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) using Fisher&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s exact test. The overall publication rate was 63.3% and the mean (± SD) time to publication was 25 ± 19 months. Factors significantly associated with subsequent full publication (i.e. publication of a full manuscript in a peer-reviewed journal) were continent of origin (North America), study design (experimental studies), specialty (analgesia) and the presence of a source of funding. The principal reasons why studies remained unpublished were lack of time and responsibility lying with co-authors. Minor changes compared with the original abstract were found in 71.6% of all publications. Major changes were noted in 34.6% and the outcome of the study changed in 7.6%. These data suggest that some of the abstracts reported preliminary findings. Therefore, caution is warranted when quoting abstracts as references in scientific publications. To date, major veterinary journals have not issued recommendations in their author guidelines addressing the use of abstracts as a reference. The authors propose the inclusion of such a statement in author guidelines.

Research paper thumbnail of Patient monitoring and monitoring equipment

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of respiratory function during TIVA and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies Part II: breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2014

To compare breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure during total intravenous (TIVA) and... more To compare breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure during total intravenous (TIVA) and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies. Experimental, cross-over study. Six healthy ponies weighing 286 (233-388) ± 61 kg, age 13 (9-16) ± 3 years. Following premedication with romifidine [80 μg kg(-1) intravenously (IV)], general anaesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.06 mg kg(-1) IV) and ketamine (2.5 mg kg(-1) IV) and maintained with either isoflurane (Fe'Iso = 1.1%) (T-ISO) or an IV combination of romifidine (120 μg kg(-1) per hour), midazolam (0.09 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) and ketamine (3.3 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) (T-TIVA), while breathing 60% oxygen (FIO(2)). The circumference changes of the rib cage (RC) and abdominal compartment (ABD) were recorded using respiratory ultrasonic plethysmography (RUP). Balloon tipped catheters were placed in the distal oesophagus and the stomach and maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi max) was calculated during Mueller's manoeuvre. The breathing p...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the analgesic effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine used to provide a brachial plexus block for forelimb surgery in 10 dogs

The Veterinary record, Jan 14, 2005

Twenty adult dogs weighing between 1.4 and 53.5 kg and aged between six months and nine years wer... more Twenty adult dogs weighing between 1.4 and 53.5 kg and aged between six months and nine years were anaesthetised and the brachial plexus was localised with the aid of a nerve stimulator. In 10 of the dogs a brachial plexus block was induced with a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine and the other 10 each received 0.25 ml/kg saline as a control. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration was maintained between 1.3 and 1.4 per cent during surgery for carpal arthrodesis or a fracture of the radius or ulna. Acute heart rate or blood pressure increases of 20 per cent or more were treated with 1 microg/kg fentanyl intravenously. Postoperatively, signs of pain were scored by a single blinded observer at hourly intervals until eight hours after the block had been induced, on a scale from 0 to 18. Dogs with pain scores above 5 received 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg methadone intravenously, repeated as necessary. During surgery the control dogs received significantly more fentanyl (median 0.05 microg/kg/minu...

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasound spirometry in the horse: a preliminary report on the method and the effects of xylazine and lobeline hydrochloride medication

Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 1997

A new computerised ultrasound-based spirometry system according to Buess et al. (1995) modified b... more A new computerised ultrasound-based spirometry system according to Buess et al. (1995) modified by a double flow measurement facility was used to study pulmonary function in healthy horses and horses affected with subclinical and manifest chronic bronchiolitis (CB). The horses were first evaluated at rest without any medication. On another occasion all horses were tested following i.v. administration of xylazine (0.4 mg/kg) and following i.v. administration of lobeline hydrochloride (l.hy.; 0.2 mg/kg) to evaluate the effect of xylazine and l.hy. on different spirometric variables. Ultrasound-based spirometry proved to be an easily applicable method for lung function testing, even in difficult horses. However, there existed a pronounced physiological variation for all measured lung function parameters and no significant differences between healthy horses and horses with chronic bronchiolitis could be found except for the expiratory tidal volume (VTE p < 0.05). Individually, a mark...

Research paper thumbnail of Continuous extradural analgesia in a cow with complex regional pain syndrome

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2006

A chronic pain syndrome, similar to the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) described in human ... more A chronic pain syndrome, similar to the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) described in human beings, was diagnosed in a cow with persisting severe pelvic limb lameness. Diagnosis was based on the disproportionate relationship between the severity and duration of pain and the lesion, the failure of conventional analgesic and surgical therapy and the presence of characteristic clinical features. Multimodal therapy, i.e. a mixture of methadone, ketamine and bupivacaine was administered continuously for 17 days via an extradural catheter to counteract nociceptive hypersensitization. Doses were adjusted daily after assessing the effect, using a composite pain score. Physiotherapy was also performed. The diagnosis of CRPS in cattle is unusual. In this case, treatment was successful and the cow was discharged mildly lame and in improving physical condition. Long-term extradural analgesia proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of this syndrome, which was nonresponsive to conventional therapy.

Research paper thumbnail of A comparison of the antinociceptive effects of xylazine, detomidine and romifidine on experimental pain in horses

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2003

To study the analgesic potency of the alpha2-agonist romifidine in the horse using both an electr... more To study the analgesic potency of the alpha2-agonist romifidine in the horse using both an electrical current and a mechanical pressure model for nociceptive threshold testing. In addition, a comparison was made with doses of detomidine and xylazine that produce equivalent degrees of sedation. Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded cross-over study. Six adult Swiss warmblood horses, one mare and five geldings, weighing from 530 to 650 kg and aged 6-15 years. Nociceptive thresholds were measured using an electrical stimulus applied to the coronary band and using a pneumatically operated pin pressing on the cannon bone. Measurements were made immediately before and every 15 minutes for 2 hours after IV injection of the test substances. Lifting of the foot indicated the test end point. The three alpha2-agonists caused a temporary increase in nociceptive thresholds with a maximal effect within 15 minutes and a return to baseline levels within 1 hour. Using electrical current testing nociceptive thresholds were significantly different from placebo (mean +/- SD) for detomidine at 15 minutes (from control 5.8 +/- 0.9 to 23.3 +/- 3.9 mA, p = 0.0066) and 30 minutes (from control 6.6 +/- 1.1 to 18.8 +/- 3.3 mA, p = 0.0091). The difference was significant for romifidine at 15 minutes only (from control 5.8 +/- 0.9 to 18.7 +/- 3.8 mA, p = 0.0066). With mechanical pressure testing nociceptive thresholds were significantly different from control for detomidine at 15 minutes (from 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.2 +/- 0.5 N, p = 0.00076) and 30 minutes (from 3.2 +/- 0.7 to 5.7 +/- 0.8 N, p = 0.0167). The difference was significant for xylazine at 15 minutes (from control 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 5.6 +/- 0.7 N, p = 0.0079). At 15 minutes the order of magnitude of the measured antinociceptive effect was significantly different between the two pain tests for both romifidine and detomidine, but not for xylazine. For romifidine, the increase of mean thresholds compared to placebo was 4.0 +/- 1.3 times placebo levels with the electrical current test compared to 1.3 +/- 0.3 times for the mechanical pressure test (p = 0.037). For detomidine, the increase of mean thresholds compared to placebo was 5.4 +/- 1.7 times control levels with the electrical current test compared to 2.0 +/- 0.2 times for the mechanical pressure test (p = 0.040). This represents a 2.7 (romifidine) and 3.4 times (detomidine) greater increase in thresholds using electrical current testing compared to the use of mechanical pressure testing. This study demonstrates the analgesic potential of alpha2-agonists in the horse for somatic pain and that they can have quantitatively different antinociceptive effects according to the antinociceptive test used.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of the medicines cascade

Veterinary Record, 2007

... Eddie Clutton, Senior Vice-President, AVA4 and; ... 4 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studi... more ... Eddie Clutton, Senior Vice-President, AVA4 and; ... 4 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG; 5 Taylor Monroe, Gravel Head Farm, Downham Common, Little Downham, Ely, Cambridgeshire CB6 2TY. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Prolonged recovery and respiratory depression after fentanyl infusion in a sheep undergoing mitral valve reconstruction

Laboratory Animals, 2005

A sheep was anaesthetized for implantation of a novel device (MitroFast s ) to replace the poster... more A sheep was anaesthetized for implantation of a novel device (MitroFast s ) to replace the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Anaesthetic management included a balanced anaesthetic protocol and consisted of propofol or isoflurane combined with fentanyl infusion (0.15-0.4 mg/kg/min). Deliberate hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass was set at 34.5-35.51C. Surgery proceeded uneventfully. Total time of aortic cross-clamping was 35 min and total time on extracorporeal circulation was 60 min. Visual inspection, intracardiac pressure testing and transesophageal echocardiography indicated proper functioning of the device. The anaesthetic period was uneventful, but recovery was prolonged with central nervous and respiratory depression and marked hypoxaemia. Administration of naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, repeated twice at 15-20 min intervals) reversed the central nervous and attenuated the respiratory depressions. An initially low rate of urine production normalized after rewarming and a single intravenous administration of furosemide.

Research paper thumbnail of Blood/gas partition coefficients of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in horse blood

British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2003

Background. Blood/gas partition coef®cients (l b/g ) for volatile agents in horse blood are repor... more Background. Blood/gas partition coef®cients (l b/g ) for volatile agents in horse blood are reported for halothane but not for iso¯urane and sevo¯urane. We measured the l b/g of halothane, iso¯urane and sevo¯urane in the blood of fasted horses. The correlation with age, weight and some haematological and biochemical variables was studied. The temperature correction factor for iso¯urane solubility was calculated.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Practice of Epidural Puncture in Dogs and Cats Assisted by a Commercial Acoustic Puncture Assist Device-Epidural Locator: Preliminary Results

Journal of veterinary medical education, 2016

The objective of this study was to compare an Acoustic Puncture Assist Device-Epidural Locator (A... more The objective of this study was to compare an Acoustic Puncture Assist Device-Epidural Locator (APAD-EL) with the "pop sensation" (POP) and "lack of resistance" (LOR) commonly used to confirm penetration of the ligamentum flavum and to ensure correct epidural placement in dogs and cats. We recruited 38 dogs and cats undergoing surgery and receiving epidural analgesia. Two anesthetists performed epidural puncture using the POP and LOR signs. Simultaneously, APAD-EL was used to collect visual and acoustic confirmation during advancement and placement of the needle tip for post hoc evaluation. A positive APAD-EL sign consists of a sudden pressure drop at the needle tip visible on a display and a concomitant pitch change of an acoustic signal. Failure to record a sudden pressure drop is considered a negative APAD sign. Descriptive statistics were used. In 32 patients with positive POP and LOR, the APAD was also positive. In one patient, POP was positive with a negati...

Research paper thumbnail of The Value of Capnography for Monitoring the Circulation and Respiration During General Anaesthesia in the Horse

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

Research paper thumbnail of Capnographic monitoring in small animal anesthesia

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

Research paper thumbnail of Alveolar recruitment manoeuvre in a Shetland pony anaesthetized for laparoscopic castration

Wiener tierärztliche Monatsschrift

During general anaesthesia gas exchange is disturbed in most horses. During laparoscopy in dorsal... more During general anaesthesia gas exchange is disturbed in most horses. During laparoscopy in dorsal recumbency, increased abdominal pressure and head down position may increase ventilation perfusion mismatch, leading to compromised oxygenation and ventilation. A healthy Shetland pony was anaesthetized for laparoscopic castration in dorsal recumbency. After premedication with detomidine and induction with climazolam and ketamine, isoflurane in oxygen was used to maintain anaesthesia. Standard large animal anaesthetic equipment was used, with the addition of a custom-built positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve. Calculated shunt fraction decreased from 0.25 in the spontaneously breathing pony to 0.17 after starting intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Following an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre consisting of a series of increases in positive inspiratory pressure and PEEP, the shunt fraction decreased to 0. At the same time the abdominal cavity was inflated and the pony was...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of tidal volume and end-expiratory pressure on inspiratory gas distribution and gas exchange during mechanical ventilation in horses positioned in lateral recumbency

American Journal of Veterinary Research

To study effects of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) with large tidal volumes an... more To study effects of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) with large tidal volumes and addition of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on maldistribution of ventilation in anesthetized horses positioned in lateral recumbency. 6 healthy adult horses. Anesthesia was induced by i.v. infusion of thiopental sodium and guiafenesin and was maintained with supplemental doses of thiopental and i.v. infusion of chloral hydrate. Functional separation of the lungs was achieved, using a tube-in-tube intubation technique. Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation of both lungs with air was done by use of an anesthetic circle system and a ventilator. Data were collected during spontaneous respiration and during IPPV, using increasing tidal volumes with and without PEEP of 10 and 20 cm of H2O. Uneven distribution of inspired gas between the lungs that existed during spontaneous respiration was not altered by IPPV and large tidal volumes. Addition of PEEP caused a significant and re...

Research paper thumbnail of Perioperative use of fluid warmers reduces hypothermia in cats

Tierärztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

Objective: Perioperative hypothermia is a common problem that must not be underestimated. There a... more Objective: Perioperative hypothermia is a common problem that must not be underestimated. There are plenty of methods to prevent or reduce heat loss during anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of warmed intravenous (IV) infusions to the perioperative decrease of body temperature of anaesthetized cats. Material and methods: In this randomly designed study 30 cats undergoing surgical procedures were anaesthetized with a standardized anaesthesia protocol. Fifteen cats received IV infusions with room temperature; the IV infusion of the other 15 cats was constantly warmed to 38-39°C using a fluid warming device. The development of body temperature within the first 60 minutes of anaesthesia of both groups was compared and analysed. Additionally the influence of the room temperature on the body temperature and the influence of body temperature at the end of anaesthesia on the recovery period were evaluated. Results: After 60 minutes of anaesthesia cats receiving...

Research paper thumbnail of Bone Sequestration as a Consequence of Limb Wounds in the Horse

Veterinary Radiology, 1980

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Luxation of the shoulder joint in a horse recovering from general anaesthesia

The Veterinary record, Jan 3, 2005

... Wilson and Reynolds (1984) reported a single case in a pony, treated by a closed reduction te... more ... Wilson and Reynolds (1984) reported a single case in a pony, treated by a closed reduction tech-nique under general anaesthesia. ... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are indebted to the owner of the horse for her cooperation in dealing with the mare. ...