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Papers by Zahra Mostafavian
Journal of Research & Health, 2021
Background: Infertility is one of the important concerns for couples. Men have rarely been the fo... more Background: Infertility is one of the important concerns for couples. Men have rarely been the focus of research, and their knowledge and attitude have been less studied so far. This study investigated health literacy and attitude in men with infertility. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 196 men referred to one infertility center in Mashhad City, Iran, in 2019 were selected by a convenience sampling method. The study data were collected using a 20-item health literacy questionnaire and 5 attitude items towards infertility. The relationships between age, education, occupation, income, duration of infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), history with reproductive health literacy, and attitude were investigated with t test, ANOVA, and linear regression in SPSS v. 20 software at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The Mean±SD age of men was 35.02±6.06 years. Their Mean±SD reproductive health literacy score (3.2±0.3) did not show sig...
Journal of pediatric nephrology, 2019
Background and Aim: Giggle incontinence, also known as “enuresis risoria”, is characterized by un... more Background and Aim: Giggle incontinence, also known as “enuresis risoria”, is characterized by unexpected, involuntary, and complete bladder voiding in response to laughter. The cause is unknown; however, there are different assumptions based on several case studies. This research discusses the effectiveness of methylphenidate for giggle incontinence in children. Methods: Fifteen girls who met the giggle incontinence criteria were randomly divided to two groups: group A (n=8 girls) and group B (n=7 girls). The participants in group A took Oxybutynin chloride and the patients in group B received methylphenidate for one month. The response of the two groups to drugs was assessed. Results : Group A included 8 girls (mean age: 7.7 years) and group B comprised 7 girls (mean age: 8.4 years). Only one patient in group A showed complete response to Oxybutynin chloride. No wetting was reported by six patients in group B. Conclusion : Giggle incontinence is a rare form of incontinence. The pa...
Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 2019
INTRODUCTION Nocturnal enuresis is a condition, which can affectthe quality of life in children. ... more INTRODUCTION Nocturnal enuresis is a condition, which can affectthe quality of life in children. The present study was designed toinvestigate the efficacy of low-dose imipramine combined withdesmopressin on treatment of patients with primary nocturnalenuresis who were defined as desmopressin non-responders. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was carried out on patientswith primary nocturnal enuresis. Forty children with enuresisranging from 5 to 12 years old were randomly divided into theintervention (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20). The subjects inthe intervention group were treated with desmopressin combinedwith 5 mg imipramine at bedtime, and those in the control groupwere given desmopressin alone. The patients were followed upweekly for one month. The number of wet nights was recorded. RESULTS Two individuals in the intervention and three individualsin the control group were excluded from the study. Our findingsindicated that the age and gender showed no significant differe...
Education and Ethics in Nursing, 2019
Introduction: Moral sensitivity is a combination of one's awareness of dimensions such as being r... more Introduction: Moral sensitivity is a combination of one's awareness of dimensions such as being responsible and attention to ethical issues that are necessary for ethical action. Enhancing experience alone does not increase moral sensitivity; instead it should be accompanied by learning and knowledge development. On the other hand, considering the impact of the educational environment and the hidden curriculum on the development of professional features of medical students, we aimed to compare the ethical sensitivity of nurses working at teaching hospitals and nursing students. Method and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 82 senior nursing students in undergraduate level and 123 nurses working in teaching hospitals were involved after obtaining informed consent. To collect data, Luetzen's moral sensitivity questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: 123 nurses with mean age of (35.02±6.44) and 82 nursing students with mean age of (20.88±0.80) completed the questionnaire. The mean score of moral sensitivity of nursing students and professional nurses was 61.74 ± 9.74 and 62.41 ± 8.77, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them (P=0.416). The mean score of moral sensitivity with demographic characteristics was not significantly correlated. Conclusion: Most nurses and students were at moderate moral sensitivity. Considering the interplay of nurses' ethical approaches to quality of care services and their role modeling of students, strengthening this issue through retraining nurses and quality supervision on nurses' professional practices and emphasizing this issue in nursing students' education should be considered.
Background and objectives:Mothers' health literacy during pregnancy expresses social and cogn... more Background and objectives:Mothers' health literacy during pregnancy expresses social and cognitive skills that motivates and empowers them to receive and use useful knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the health literacy between the pregnant women referring to health care centers and those referring to private offices. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 pregnant women referred to health centers and 100 pregnant women referred to private clinics in Mashhad, 2017.The Persian S-TOFHLA questionnaire was used to asses health literacy. The collected data were analyzed using chi2 and t-test tests and regression logistic analysis. Results: The pregnant women who referred to health centers and private offices had 44% and 28% of inadequate health literacy, respectively (p<0.05). The variables of age, education, occupation, pregnancy rank, number of live births, gestational age and household income were significantly correlated with fun...
Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 2020
INTRODUCTION There are some randomized trials which have already evaluated different calcineurin ... more INTRODUCTION There are some randomized trials which have already evaluated different calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), especially comparing Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine, as immunosuppressant agents in children. However, their findings have been occasionally conflicting and thus debatable. Therefore, the evidence on safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation in children has been inconclusive and argued to date. This study was aimed to compare the benefits and disadvantages of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine as the primary immunosuppression after renal transplantation in children. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was done. An electronic literature review was conducted to identify appropriate studies. The outcomes were presented as relative risk, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Five qualified randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. Tacrolimus was insignificantly superior to cyclosporine considering the tota...
Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 2018
Introduction: Nowadays according to competency based curriculum, selecting an appropriate assessm... more Introduction: Nowadays according to competency based curriculum, selecting an appropriate assessment method is inevitable. This study aimed to investigate application of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) in undergraduate medical students. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted during emergency ward rotation in last year medical students using consensus sampling method. Each student performed 2 procedures at least twice under the observation of 2 assessors using modified DOPS rating scales designed for each procedure simultaneously. Correlation between DOPS score and final routine exam was measured. Face and content validity was determined by the panel of experts. Moreover, through the test-retest and inter-rater reliability, the correlation of each score and total score was investigated. The spent time was calculated too. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 18. Results: Totally 60 students did 240 procedures under DOPS. The face and c...
Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 2018
̧ref ̧ سررب ی قلاخا شوه ی وجشناد ی نا کشزپ ی و راتسرپ ي ملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ی دهشم خرب و ی عمج لما... more ̧ref ̧ سررب ی قلاخا شوه ی وجشناد ی نا کشزپ ی و راتسرپ ي ملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ی دهشم خرب و ی عمج لماوع ی ت تخانش ی نآ اب طبترم ب اضر ي تا کرت ١ ، لع املآ ي هاوخ ٢ لع همطاف ، ي هنت ٣ ، وفطصم ارهز ي نا ٤ ، جرف وزرآ پ رو * ٥ رات ی رد خ ی تفا : 20 / 8 / 97 رات ی ذپ خ ی شر : 22 / 10 / 97 رات ی راشتنا خ : 25 / 12 / 97 هلاقم ي ژپ یشهو هديكچ مداکآ تراهم و شناد اهنت هزورما ي ک ارب ي هئارا ي اب تملاس تامدخ ک ي ف ي ،ت فاک ي ن ي تس . پ دوجو اب ي چ ي گد ي اـه ي ـحم ي ط ناـمرد ي ، قلاخا شخب ندشنادج ي مصت ي م گ ي ر ي اه ي نامرد ي و تسا ب ي هجوت ي م نآ هب ي ت رب دناو ک ي ف ي ت تامدخ هئارا نامزاس تملاس و هدش ي رثا دراذگب ءوس . ا رد ي ن هعلاطم ي عطقم ي ٢١٤ وجشناد ي کشزپ ي راتسرپ و ي رامشرس شور هب ي ، هخسن ي ـسراف ي شـسرپ هـمان ي لـهچ س ؤ يلا نل ي ک ک و ي ل ار اور هک يي يروص و يياوتحم نآ ت أ ي دي اپ و ي ا يي نآ ٠.٩٤ رد تاعلاطم لبق ي شرازگ هدش ،تسا مکت ـ ي ل دـندومن . م ي گنا ي ن هرمن ي قلاخا شوه ي وجشناد ي نا کشزپ ي راتسرپ و ي ترت هب ي ب 74.07±8.26 و 76.44±7.10 دـمآ تسد هب . م ـ ي گنا ي ن تارـمن شوه قلاخ...
The Horizon of Medical Sciences, 2019
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of discontinuation of losartan in response to sy... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of discontinuation of losartan in response to synthetic erythropoietin therapy on hemoglobin level in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods & Materials This study was a pre-and post-interventional clinical trial. The population of the study was hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. In the beginning of the study, and three months after removal of losartan, the patients' hemoglobin changes were compared. Findings Hemoglobin was significantly increased at the end of the study in all patients (from 10.90±1.66 at the beginning of the study to 11.37±1.42g/dl at the end of 3 months, P=0.046). No significant changes were seen in the hemoglobin level before and after intervention between patients according age, sex, and duration of the disease. Conclusion There was a significant increase in hemoglobin level at the end of study after losartan discontinuation. But this increase did not have a significant relationship with patient's age, sex as well as the duration of the disease.
Journal of Medicine and Life, 2018
Introduction: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a debilitating disease in w... more Introduction: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a debilitating disease in which Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) is ≤ 40%, and it involves various organs. Regarding the novelty of stem cell therapy in HF, we aimed at studying the effect of stem cell therapy on the QoL of patients with HFrEF. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, 30 patients diagnosed with HFrEF who had undergone stem cell injection (study group) and 30 patients with HFrEF receiving guideline-directed medical therapy (control group) were recruited by convenience sampling during 2016 in Mashhad, Iran. Patients’ quality of life, left ventricular ejection fraction and their disability degree were studied twice with a 3-month interval. For data analysis, paired t-test, chi2 and multivariate linear regression were used. Results: The mean age of study and control groups was 61.3±10.24 and 60.93±7.88 years respectively. Ninety percent of the cases and 56.7% of the controls were male (...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: Prevention of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been hampered by a lack of informatio... more Objective: Prevention of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been hampered by a lack of information about the known modifiable risk factors for abnormalities in cardiac development. Vitamin A plays an important role in the periods of rapid cellular growth and differentiation, especially during pregnancy. Assuming a link between Vitamin A levels and congenital malformations, hypothetical different levels of Vitamin A were evaluated in neonates with and without CHD, in this study.Methods: In a case–control study that was conducted in 2015 in Mashhad/Iran, serum levels of Vitamin A in 30 neonates with CHD were compared to 30 healthy controls. The cases were diagnosed by echocardiography and recruited by convenience sampling. Demographic and laboratory data including age, sex, and serum Vitamin A level in each group were collected. Data analysis was done in SPSS V 20 software, and descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of covariance were used.Results: The mean age in cases was 11±3...
Journal of Pediatrics Review, 2020
Context: Different studies have been done so far on drug safety and efficacy in children with ref... more Context: Different studies have been done so far on drug safety and efficacy in children with refractory nephrotic syndrome (NS). Ofatumumab might be an effective drug for this syndrome; however, the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of ofatumumab treatment have not been comprehensively assessed. Objectives: This study aims to perform a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab in children with difficult-to-treat NS. Study Selection: An electronic literature search was conducted to identify appropriate studies. The search key terms were as follows: (“nephrotic syndrome” OR “minimal change disease” OR “focal segmental glomerulosclerosis” OR “membranous”) AND (“Ofatumumab” or “CD20” or “Arzerra” or “HuMax-CD20”). Data Extraction: Data were extracted from the articles according to the selection criteria by two independent reviewers. Results: A total of 83 potentially relevant articles were identified. Thirty-two articles were removed due to duplication. Then 2...
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2021
Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with physical, emotional, an... more Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with physical, emotional, and social consequences. Previous studies indicate that epilepsy symptoms can highly affect the epileptic patients’ satisfaction in life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the QOL of People with Epilepsy (PWE) in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Methods In this study, 100 patients were randomly selected. After confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy by neurologists and fulfilling the entrance criteria, patients completed the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31) questionnaire. Finally, data was analyzed statistically by SPSS software. Results The study sample comprised 100 PWE, aged 18–74 years (34 ± 13), of whom 58 (58%) were females. Tonic-colonic seizure was the most common (60%) type of seizure. The obtained score of each subscale and the range of the QOLIE-31 total score was 16.40–79.18 with the mean of 50 (SD = 16). The energy-fatigue subscale score was si...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2018
Background: Breaking bad and unpleasant news by physician to patient or his or her family is a ke... more Background: Breaking bad and unpleasant news by physician to patient or his or her family is a key moment in communication between a physician and the patient. It is often necessary for physicians to breaking bad and unpleasant news to the patient or his or her family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the skill of general physicians in breaking bad and unpleasant news to the patient based on the SPIKES questionnaire in educational hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 general physicians. Convenient sampling method was used in this study. Data were collected using standard Spikes Questionnaire and data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSSv21 software. Results: Most of the subjects were male (69.5%), married (85.1%), and had no history of receiving formal education about breaking bad news to the patient. The mean and standard deviation of the subjects were 37.43±4.02 years. The mean and standard deviation of the score of the skill of breaking bad news were 63.56 ± 6.51. While independent t test showed significant difference in mean and standard deviation of score of the skill of breaking bad news between the two groups (p <0.05), no significant difference was reported between two groups in terms of two variables of gender and clinic place (p >0.05). Moreover, using variance analysis, a significant difference was found in mean score of breaking bad news in different age groups with different employment history (p <0.05). Conclusion: The research results revealed that the skill level of the research samples was relatively at desirable level. Given the lack of receiving formal education by general physicians and the impact of breaking bad news from physician to patients and their caregivers on the type of relationship between the physician and the patient, it is recommended to put more emphasis on continuous education programs, designed especially for general physicians.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2018
Background: The responsibility of breaking bad news (BBN) to patients is one of the most difficul... more Background: The responsibility of breaking bad news (BBN) to patients is one of the most difficult tasks of a medical profession. Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the preferences of mothers of children with cancer about BBN. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study was conducted in Mashhad during years of 2016, 62 mothers of children with cancer at Dr-Sheikh hospital were recruited by convenience sampling and completed a questionnaire including demographic data and 20 questions about the mothers' preferences to BBN. Data displayed as percent by SPSS V20 software. Results: Mothers preferred that BBN conducted by their child's doctor (93.5%), with an emotional and compassionate way (83.9%), and in a private setting (90.3%). Be told completely about the process of diagnosis (98.4%), meet people with similar conditions (83.9%), receive psychological (85.5%), and religious (79%) support after getting bad news, being in touch with a close relative (82.3%) and applying another term-like malignancy instead of cancer (95.5%). Conclusion: We tried providing helpful information for developing national guidelines about how to breaking news in Iran, by doing this study.
Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, 2018
Background and Aim: Academic burnout is the feeling of inadequacy and mental fatigue induced by c... more Background and Aim: Academic burnout is the feeling of inadequacy and mental fatigue induced by chronic stress in students lacking the necessary resources to carry out their duties and tasks assigned to them. This study aimed to determine academic burnout and some related factors in medical students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad in 2015-2016. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 181 medical students in degrees of basic sciences, traineeship, and internship were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was the Persian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and a checklist of demographic variables. The collected data were analyzed using SPSSv. 18 software, descriptive and analytical tests, such as t-test and ANOVA. Results: The mean total score of academic burnout was 34.69 ± 14.69. It was concluded that 23.2% of the subjects had a high level of burnout and 51.4% a moderate level. No significant relationship was found between age, marital status, having the second job, and the educational level without any of the dimensions and the total score of the burnout questionnaire (P>0.05). The mean of academic dissatisfaction was higher in men than in women (p = 0.01). With regard to the place of residence, the mean score of inefficiency in the student home was significantly higher than that of the dormitory (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that a significant percentage of students suffer from academic burnout. In this study, female gender played a protective role in the dimension of academic dissatisfaction and living in a dormitory in the area of inefficiency.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
BACKGROUND: One of the typical complaints in females with multiple sclerosis (MS) is Sexual dysfu... more BACKGROUND: One of the typical complaints in females with multiple sclerosis (MS) is Sexual dysfunction (SD). AIM: This study aimed to compare the sexual function of women with and without MS and to recognise factors that possibly related to sexual dysfunction of women with MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sexual function of 64 women with MS as a case study group were compared to a group of control comprised of 64 women. Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used accordingly to assess sexual function and severity of depression of case and control groups. Functional status of MS Patients was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The data were analysed using chi-square, independent Samples t, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression tests. RESULTS: There were no differences in the Total FSFI and 4 FSFI subscale scores (i.e. sexual desire, arousal, lubrication and satisfaction) between women with MS an...
Data in Brief, 2018
Locus of control is a concept defined based on social learning theory, and focuses on individuals... more Locus of control is a concept defined based on social learning theory, and focuses on individuals' beliefs regarding factors that influence their health status. Health Locus of Control (HLC) and its relationship with Quality of Life (QOL) in HIV positive patients in local population were studied. This was a cross-sectional study on 80 HIV-positive patients. Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale and Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey (MOS-SF-36) used to measure patients' HLC and QOL, respectively. Internal, external, and chance HLC mean 7 SD scores were 30.31 7 3.87, 24.17 7 5.03, and 32.01 74.49, respectively. Positive correlation was found between internal HLC scores and both physical (p o0.001, r ¼ 0.53) and mental quality of life (p o0.001, r ¼ 0.48). Multiple regression analysis showed that internal HLC was the only significant predictor of quality of life. HIV-positive patients who believe their health is mostly influenced by individual's actions and behaviors (internal HLC) showed a higher quality of life. These findings suggest that modifying health locus of control beliefs, hypothetically could influence patients' quality of life.
Data in brief, 2018
Insulin has been considered as a therapy option of last resort in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) manageme... more Insulin has been considered as a therapy option of last resort in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management. Delay in insulin therapy is common in these patients. This study collected the data on the factors associated with insulin refusal in poorly controlled T2DM patients prior to insulin therapy. The data collected from two endocrinology outpatient clinics affiliated by Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran (IAUM) from January 2016 to September 2017. Study population was adults with non-insulin-using type 2 diabetes mellitus who refused insulin therapy. A 17-items researcher made questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and information toward causes of insulin refusal. Data were analyzed using SPPS V.16 with descriptive and analytical tests such as multiple logistic regressions. The data of 110 patients with T2DM was recorded in this study. The most prevalent cause of insulin therapy refusal was reported to be painful insulin injection (78.2%) followed by this item "I...
![Research paper thumbnail of Corrigendum to "Data on insulin therapy refusal among type II diabetes mellitus patients in Mashhad, Iran" [Data in Brief 18 (2018) 2047-2050]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92529904/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Journal of Research & Health, 2021
Background: Infertility is one of the important concerns for couples. Men have rarely been the fo... more Background: Infertility is one of the important concerns for couples. Men have rarely been the focus of research, and their knowledge and attitude have been less studied so far. This study investigated health literacy and attitude in men with infertility. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 196 men referred to one infertility center in Mashhad City, Iran, in 2019 were selected by a convenience sampling method. The study data were collected using a 20-item health literacy questionnaire and 5 attitude items towards infertility. The relationships between age, education, occupation, income, duration of infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), history with reproductive health literacy, and attitude were investigated with t test, ANOVA, and linear regression in SPSS v. 20 software at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The Mean±SD age of men was 35.02±6.06 years. Their Mean±SD reproductive health literacy score (3.2±0.3) did not show sig...
Journal of pediatric nephrology, 2019
Background and Aim: Giggle incontinence, also known as “enuresis risoria”, is characterized by un... more Background and Aim: Giggle incontinence, also known as “enuresis risoria”, is characterized by unexpected, involuntary, and complete bladder voiding in response to laughter. The cause is unknown; however, there are different assumptions based on several case studies. This research discusses the effectiveness of methylphenidate for giggle incontinence in children. Methods: Fifteen girls who met the giggle incontinence criteria were randomly divided to two groups: group A (n=8 girls) and group B (n=7 girls). The participants in group A took Oxybutynin chloride and the patients in group B received methylphenidate for one month. The response of the two groups to drugs was assessed. Results : Group A included 8 girls (mean age: 7.7 years) and group B comprised 7 girls (mean age: 8.4 years). Only one patient in group A showed complete response to Oxybutynin chloride. No wetting was reported by six patients in group B. Conclusion : Giggle incontinence is a rare form of incontinence. The pa...
Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 2019
INTRODUCTION Nocturnal enuresis is a condition, which can affectthe quality of life in children. ... more INTRODUCTION Nocturnal enuresis is a condition, which can affectthe quality of life in children. The present study was designed toinvestigate the efficacy of low-dose imipramine combined withdesmopressin on treatment of patients with primary nocturnalenuresis who were defined as desmopressin non-responders. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was carried out on patientswith primary nocturnal enuresis. Forty children with enuresisranging from 5 to 12 years old were randomly divided into theintervention (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20). The subjects inthe intervention group were treated with desmopressin combinedwith 5 mg imipramine at bedtime, and those in the control groupwere given desmopressin alone. The patients were followed upweekly for one month. The number of wet nights was recorded. RESULTS Two individuals in the intervention and three individualsin the control group were excluded from the study. Our findingsindicated that the age and gender showed no significant differe...
Education and Ethics in Nursing, 2019
Introduction: Moral sensitivity is a combination of one's awareness of dimensions such as being r... more Introduction: Moral sensitivity is a combination of one's awareness of dimensions such as being responsible and attention to ethical issues that are necessary for ethical action. Enhancing experience alone does not increase moral sensitivity; instead it should be accompanied by learning and knowledge development. On the other hand, considering the impact of the educational environment and the hidden curriculum on the development of professional features of medical students, we aimed to compare the ethical sensitivity of nurses working at teaching hospitals and nursing students. Method and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 82 senior nursing students in undergraduate level and 123 nurses working in teaching hospitals were involved after obtaining informed consent. To collect data, Luetzen's moral sensitivity questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: 123 nurses with mean age of (35.02±6.44) and 82 nursing students with mean age of (20.88±0.80) completed the questionnaire. The mean score of moral sensitivity of nursing students and professional nurses was 61.74 ± 9.74 and 62.41 ± 8.77, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them (P=0.416). The mean score of moral sensitivity with demographic characteristics was not significantly correlated. Conclusion: Most nurses and students were at moderate moral sensitivity. Considering the interplay of nurses' ethical approaches to quality of care services and their role modeling of students, strengthening this issue through retraining nurses and quality supervision on nurses' professional practices and emphasizing this issue in nursing students' education should be considered.
Background and objectives:Mothers' health literacy during pregnancy expresses social and cogn... more Background and objectives:Mothers' health literacy during pregnancy expresses social and cognitive skills that motivates and empowers them to receive and use useful knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the health literacy between the pregnant women referring to health care centers and those referring to private offices. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 pregnant women referred to health centers and 100 pregnant women referred to private clinics in Mashhad, 2017.The Persian S-TOFHLA questionnaire was used to asses health literacy. The collected data were analyzed using chi2 and t-test tests and regression logistic analysis. Results: The pregnant women who referred to health centers and private offices had 44% and 28% of inadequate health literacy, respectively (p<0.05). The variables of age, education, occupation, pregnancy rank, number of live births, gestational age and household income were significantly correlated with fun...
Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 2020
INTRODUCTION There are some randomized trials which have already evaluated different calcineurin ... more INTRODUCTION There are some randomized trials which have already evaluated different calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), especially comparing Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine, as immunosuppressant agents in children. However, their findings have been occasionally conflicting and thus debatable. Therefore, the evidence on safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation in children has been inconclusive and argued to date. This study was aimed to compare the benefits and disadvantages of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine as the primary immunosuppression after renal transplantation in children. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was done. An electronic literature review was conducted to identify appropriate studies. The outcomes were presented as relative risk, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Five qualified randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. Tacrolimus was insignificantly superior to cyclosporine considering the tota...
Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 2018
Introduction: Nowadays according to competency based curriculum, selecting an appropriate assessm... more Introduction: Nowadays according to competency based curriculum, selecting an appropriate assessment method is inevitable. This study aimed to investigate application of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) in undergraduate medical students. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted during emergency ward rotation in last year medical students using consensus sampling method. Each student performed 2 procedures at least twice under the observation of 2 assessors using modified DOPS rating scales designed for each procedure simultaneously. Correlation between DOPS score and final routine exam was measured. Face and content validity was determined by the panel of experts. Moreover, through the test-retest and inter-rater reliability, the correlation of each score and total score was investigated. The spent time was calculated too. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 18. Results: Totally 60 students did 240 procedures under DOPS. The face and c...
Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 2018
̧ref ̧ سررب ی قلاخا شوه ی وجشناد ی نا کشزپ ی و راتسرپ ي ملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ی دهشم خرب و ی عمج لما... more ̧ref ̧ سررب ی قلاخا شوه ی وجشناد ی نا کشزپ ی و راتسرپ ي ملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ی دهشم خرب و ی عمج لماوع ی ت تخانش ی نآ اب طبترم ب اضر ي تا کرت ١ ، لع املآ ي هاوخ ٢ لع همطاف ، ي هنت ٣ ، وفطصم ارهز ي نا ٤ ، جرف وزرآ پ رو * ٥ رات ی رد خ ی تفا : 20 / 8 / 97 رات ی ذپ خ ی شر : 22 / 10 / 97 رات ی راشتنا خ : 25 / 12 / 97 هلاقم ي ژپ یشهو هديكچ مداکآ تراهم و شناد اهنت هزورما ي ک ارب ي هئارا ي اب تملاس تامدخ ک ي ف ي ،ت فاک ي ن ي تس . پ دوجو اب ي چ ي گد ي اـه ي ـحم ي ط ناـمرد ي ، قلاخا شخب ندشنادج ي مصت ي م گ ي ر ي اه ي نامرد ي و تسا ب ي هجوت ي م نآ هب ي ت رب دناو ک ي ف ي ت تامدخ هئارا نامزاس تملاس و هدش ي رثا دراذگب ءوس . ا رد ي ن هعلاطم ي عطقم ي ٢١٤ وجشناد ي کشزپ ي راتسرپ و ي رامشرس شور هب ي ، هخسن ي ـسراف ي شـسرپ هـمان ي لـهچ س ؤ يلا نل ي ک ک و ي ل ار اور هک يي يروص و يياوتحم نآ ت أ ي دي اپ و ي ا يي نآ ٠.٩٤ رد تاعلاطم لبق ي شرازگ هدش ،تسا مکت ـ ي ل دـندومن . م ي گنا ي ن هرمن ي قلاخا شوه ي وجشناد ي نا کشزپ ي راتسرپ و ي ترت هب ي ب 74.07±8.26 و 76.44±7.10 دـمآ تسد هب . م ـ ي گنا ي ن تارـمن شوه قلاخ...
The Horizon of Medical Sciences, 2019
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of discontinuation of losartan in response to sy... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of discontinuation of losartan in response to synthetic erythropoietin therapy on hemoglobin level in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods & Materials This study was a pre-and post-interventional clinical trial. The population of the study was hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. In the beginning of the study, and three months after removal of losartan, the patients' hemoglobin changes were compared. Findings Hemoglobin was significantly increased at the end of the study in all patients (from 10.90±1.66 at the beginning of the study to 11.37±1.42g/dl at the end of 3 months, P=0.046). No significant changes were seen in the hemoglobin level before and after intervention between patients according age, sex, and duration of the disease. Conclusion There was a significant increase in hemoglobin level at the end of study after losartan discontinuation. But this increase did not have a significant relationship with patient's age, sex as well as the duration of the disease.
Journal of Medicine and Life, 2018
Introduction: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a debilitating disease in w... more Introduction: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a debilitating disease in which Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) is ≤ 40%, and it involves various organs. Regarding the novelty of stem cell therapy in HF, we aimed at studying the effect of stem cell therapy on the QoL of patients with HFrEF. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, 30 patients diagnosed with HFrEF who had undergone stem cell injection (study group) and 30 patients with HFrEF receiving guideline-directed medical therapy (control group) were recruited by convenience sampling during 2016 in Mashhad, Iran. Patients’ quality of life, left ventricular ejection fraction and their disability degree were studied twice with a 3-month interval. For data analysis, paired t-test, chi2 and multivariate linear regression were used. Results: The mean age of study and control groups was 61.3±10.24 and 60.93±7.88 years respectively. Ninety percent of the cases and 56.7% of the controls were male (...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: Prevention of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been hampered by a lack of informatio... more Objective: Prevention of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been hampered by a lack of information about the known modifiable risk factors for abnormalities in cardiac development. Vitamin A plays an important role in the periods of rapid cellular growth and differentiation, especially during pregnancy. Assuming a link between Vitamin A levels and congenital malformations, hypothetical different levels of Vitamin A were evaluated in neonates with and without CHD, in this study.Methods: In a case–control study that was conducted in 2015 in Mashhad/Iran, serum levels of Vitamin A in 30 neonates with CHD were compared to 30 healthy controls. The cases were diagnosed by echocardiography and recruited by convenience sampling. Demographic and laboratory data including age, sex, and serum Vitamin A level in each group were collected. Data analysis was done in SPSS V 20 software, and descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of covariance were used.Results: The mean age in cases was 11±3...
Journal of Pediatrics Review, 2020
Context: Different studies have been done so far on drug safety and efficacy in children with ref... more Context: Different studies have been done so far on drug safety and efficacy in children with refractory nephrotic syndrome (NS). Ofatumumab might be an effective drug for this syndrome; however, the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of ofatumumab treatment have not been comprehensively assessed. Objectives: This study aims to perform a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab in children with difficult-to-treat NS. Study Selection: An electronic literature search was conducted to identify appropriate studies. The search key terms were as follows: (“nephrotic syndrome” OR “minimal change disease” OR “focal segmental glomerulosclerosis” OR “membranous”) AND (“Ofatumumab” or “CD20” or “Arzerra” or “HuMax-CD20”). Data Extraction: Data were extracted from the articles according to the selection criteria by two independent reviewers. Results: A total of 83 potentially relevant articles were identified. Thirty-two articles were removed due to duplication. Then 2...
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2021
Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with physical, emotional, an... more Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with physical, emotional, and social consequences. Previous studies indicate that epilepsy symptoms can highly affect the epileptic patients’ satisfaction in life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the QOL of People with Epilepsy (PWE) in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Methods In this study, 100 patients were randomly selected. After confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy by neurologists and fulfilling the entrance criteria, patients completed the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31) questionnaire. Finally, data was analyzed statistically by SPSS software. Results The study sample comprised 100 PWE, aged 18–74 years (34 ± 13), of whom 58 (58%) were females. Tonic-colonic seizure was the most common (60%) type of seizure. The obtained score of each subscale and the range of the QOLIE-31 total score was 16.40–79.18 with the mean of 50 (SD = 16). The energy-fatigue subscale score was si...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2018
Background: Breaking bad and unpleasant news by physician to patient or his or her family is a ke... more Background: Breaking bad and unpleasant news by physician to patient or his or her family is a key moment in communication between a physician and the patient. It is often necessary for physicians to breaking bad and unpleasant news to the patient or his or her family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the skill of general physicians in breaking bad and unpleasant news to the patient based on the SPIKES questionnaire in educational hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 general physicians. Convenient sampling method was used in this study. Data were collected using standard Spikes Questionnaire and data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSSv21 software. Results: Most of the subjects were male (69.5%), married (85.1%), and had no history of receiving formal education about breaking bad news to the patient. The mean and standard deviation of the subjects were 37.43±4.02 years. The mean and standard deviation of the score of the skill of breaking bad news were 63.56 ± 6.51. While independent t test showed significant difference in mean and standard deviation of score of the skill of breaking bad news between the two groups (p <0.05), no significant difference was reported between two groups in terms of two variables of gender and clinic place (p >0.05). Moreover, using variance analysis, a significant difference was found in mean score of breaking bad news in different age groups with different employment history (p <0.05). Conclusion: The research results revealed that the skill level of the research samples was relatively at desirable level. Given the lack of receiving formal education by general physicians and the impact of breaking bad news from physician to patients and their caregivers on the type of relationship between the physician and the patient, it is recommended to put more emphasis on continuous education programs, designed especially for general physicians.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2018
Background: The responsibility of breaking bad news (BBN) to patients is one of the most difficul... more Background: The responsibility of breaking bad news (BBN) to patients is one of the most difficult tasks of a medical profession. Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the preferences of mothers of children with cancer about BBN. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study was conducted in Mashhad during years of 2016, 62 mothers of children with cancer at Dr-Sheikh hospital were recruited by convenience sampling and completed a questionnaire including demographic data and 20 questions about the mothers' preferences to BBN. Data displayed as percent by SPSS V20 software. Results: Mothers preferred that BBN conducted by their child's doctor (93.5%), with an emotional and compassionate way (83.9%), and in a private setting (90.3%). Be told completely about the process of diagnosis (98.4%), meet people with similar conditions (83.9%), receive psychological (85.5%), and religious (79%) support after getting bad news, being in touch with a close relative (82.3%) and applying another term-like malignancy instead of cancer (95.5%). Conclusion: We tried providing helpful information for developing national guidelines about how to breaking news in Iran, by doing this study.
Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, 2018
Background and Aim: Academic burnout is the feeling of inadequacy and mental fatigue induced by c... more Background and Aim: Academic burnout is the feeling of inadequacy and mental fatigue induced by chronic stress in students lacking the necessary resources to carry out their duties and tasks assigned to them. This study aimed to determine academic burnout and some related factors in medical students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad in 2015-2016. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 181 medical students in degrees of basic sciences, traineeship, and internship were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was the Persian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and a checklist of demographic variables. The collected data were analyzed using SPSSv. 18 software, descriptive and analytical tests, such as t-test and ANOVA. Results: The mean total score of academic burnout was 34.69 ± 14.69. It was concluded that 23.2% of the subjects had a high level of burnout and 51.4% a moderate level. No significant relationship was found between age, marital status, having the second job, and the educational level without any of the dimensions and the total score of the burnout questionnaire (P>0.05). The mean of academic dissatisfaction was higher in men than in women (p = 0.01). With regard to the place of residence, the mean score of inefficiency in the student home was significantly higher than that of the dormitory (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that a significant percentage of students suffer from academic burnout. In this study, female gender played a protective role in the dimension of academic dissatisfaction and living in a dormitory in the area of inefficiency.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
BACKGROUND: One of the typical complaints in females with multiple sclerosis (MS) is Sexual dysfu... more BACKGROUND: One of the typical complaints in females with multiple sclerosis (MS) is Sexual dysfunction (SD). AIM: This study aimed to compare the sexual function of women with and without MS and to recognise factors that possibly related to sexual dysfunction of women with MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sexual function of 64 women with MS as a case study group were compared to a group of control comprised of 64 women. Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used accordingly to assess sexual function and severity of depression of case and control groups. Functional status of MS Patients was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The data were analysed using chi-square, independent Samples t, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression tests. RESULTS: There were no differences in the Total FSFI and 4 FSFI subscale scores (i.e. sexual desire, arousal, lubrication and satisfaction) between women with MS an...
Data in Brief, 2018
Locus of control is a concept defined based on social learning theory, and focuses on individuals... more Locus of control is a concept defined based on social learning theory, and focuses on individuals' beliefs regarding factors that influence their health status. Health Locus of Control (HLC) and its relationship with Quality of Life (QOL) in HIV positive patients in local population were studied. This was a cross-sectional study on 80 HIV-positive patients. Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale and Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey (MOS-SF-36) used to measure patients' HLC and QOL, respectively. Internal, external, and chance HLC mean 7 SD scores were 30.31 7 3.87, 24.17 7 5.03, and 32.01 74.49, respectively. Positive correlation was found between internal HLC scores and both physical (p o0.001, r ¼ 0.53) and mental quality of life (p o0.001, r ¼ 0.48). Multiple regression analysis showed that internal HLC was the only significant predictor of quality of life. HIV-positive patients who believe their health is mostly influenced by individual's actions and behaviors (internal HLC) showed a higher quality of life. These findings suggest that modifying health locus of control beliefs, hypothetically could influence patients' quality of life.
Data in brief, 2018
Insulin has been considered as a therapy option of last resort in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) manageme... more Insulin has been considered as a therapy option of last resort in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management. Delay in insulin therapy is common in these patients. This study collected the data on the factors associated with insulin refusal in poorly controlled T2DM patients prior to insulin therapy. The data collected from two endocrinology outpatient clinics affiliated by Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran (IAUM) from January 2016 to September 2017. Study population was adults with non-insulin-using type 2 diabetes mellitus who refused insulin therapy. A 17-items researcher made questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and information toward causes of insulin refusal. Data were analyzed using SPPS V.16 with descriptive and analytical tests such as multiple logistic regressions. The data of 110 patients with T2DM was recorded in this study. The most prevalent cause of insulin therapy refusal was reported to be painful insulin injection (78.2%) followed by this item "I...