Zainal Mohamed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zainal Mohamed

Beberapa ujian diagnostik digunakan dalam analisis ini untuk menentukan spesifikasi model tersebu... more Beberapa ujian diagnostik digunakan dalam analisis ini untuk menentukan spesifikasi model tersebut. Penyelidikan ini menggabungkan interaksi di antara beras dan gandum.. Anggaran keanjalan harga penawaran untuk jangkamasa pendek• adalah 0.03 sementara keanjalan harga penawaran untuk jangkamasa panjang ditentukan pada 0.11. Keanjalan metrik harga dan pendapatan yang diperolehi daripada analisis permintaan menunjukkan bahawa keanjalan harga sendiri adalah kurang daripada unitan. Hasil kajian ini menyokong hipotisis bahawa beras adalah barangan bawahan sementara gandum adalah normal. Paras import bergantung kepada penawaran tempatan, tingkat pendapatan dan harga-harga tempatan bagi beras dan gandum.

halalrc.org

Although the Halal concept has not been a major element among non-Muslim consumers living in an I... more Although the Halal concept has not been a major element among non-Muslim consumers living in an Islamic country, whether the non-Muslim consumers are aware of the underlying advantages that come with Halal food products or their viewpoints arising from their religious belief, are some intriguing questions that need to be answered. Thus the objective of the study explore the underlying determinants that are likely to influence non-Muslim consumers' perceptions and attitudes towards Halal concept and Halal food products in Malaysia in lieu of new paradigm in emerging global issues on sustainability, environmental, food safety and animal welfare. A survey was conducted in the Klang Valley where 400 non-Muslim respondents were interviewed via structured questionnaires to gather information on their awareness and attitude towards Halal food products in the Malaysian food market. Descriptive statistic was used to identify the socio-economic/ demographic characteristics and attitudes of the respondents toward the Halal food principles. The logit model was used to determine the extent to which selected socio-economic/demographic characteristics influenced the respondents' attitude and understanding on Halal principles and Halal food products. The results of this study suggest that non-Muslim consumers are aware of the existence of Halal food, Halal principles and the advantages of Halal way in slaughtering the animals. This can be shown by their significant awareness that Halal is not only the way Muslim slaughter their animals but also relates to environmental, sustainability, animal welfare and food safety. In general, various socio-economic/demographic factors such as education level, older generation, those who are more religious and the urban dweller seem to more likely to be aware of the advantages of Halal principles.

ABSTRAK Kertas lmja ini cuba menganilisis dan menentukan faktor~faktor yang mempengaruhi flermint... more ABSTRAK Kertas lmja ini cuba menganilisis dan menentukan faktor~faktor yang mempengaruhi flermintaan daging ayam di Malaysia. Saara Spesifik, ianya cuba melihat perubahan terhadap permintaan daging ayam yang disebabkan oleh perubahan harga, pendaf](ltan dan juga terhadap fJerubahan harga barang-bamng yang berkaitan dalam pasaran daging. Dua model pennintaan daging ayam telah diuji, ianya adalah f1el'5amaan tunggal dan fJel'5amaan pembolehubah 'instill mental'. Di samping itu juga persamaan Slutsky juga digunakan untuk menganggar kesan pendapatan dan gantian terhadap daging ayam dibandingkan dengan dagingdaging yang lain. A nalisis menuniuhlwn bahawa daging ayam adalah barang biasa dan daging lembu dan babi adalah barang flengganti bagi daging ayam. Walau bagaimanapun keputusan yang bercmnfJUmn didapati di antam hubungan daging aymn dengan ikan. Berdasarkan hepada kesan penggantian dan keanjalan silang hmga, didapati permintaan ikan adalah tidak berkait dengan barang-barang lain. ABSTRACT T'his study attempts to analyse the factors underlying the demand and consumption trends of POUlt1] meat in lVIalaysia. Specifically, it explores the poultr), meat consumfltion due to changes in prices and inrome and the interaction in demand between flOUltry meat and the components oj the rest of the meat market. To obtain the pammeters of the demand model for poultry meat, two estimation techniques were used in estimating the demand model, namely single and instrumental variables approach, while Slutsky equations were utilized to estimate the inrome and substitution effects of flotllt1] meat with the other components of the meat madiet. The results indicate that poultry meat is a normal good while both beef and pork are substitutes to poultl), meat. However, mixed results were obtained for f)oultry meat and fish. Based on the magnitude of the substitution effect and cross p17ce elasticity, it is concluded that the demand for fish is independent of the other comf)onents of the meat market.

Resources, 2016

Food safety is a serious concern among the consumers of agricultural products. Toxicity risks are... more Food safety is a serious concern among the consumers of agricultural products. Toxicity risks are created by the acute presence of contaminating chemicals in foods. The usage of chemical inputs in paddy farms has not only caused health issues for farmers but it has also adversely affected the environment, killed animals, and polluted air and water. This creates controversial issues that need immediate attention, since sustainable agriculture needs to meet both consumers' and farmers' welfare in terms of food and farmers' safety, respectively. This study looks at paddy farming practices and the creation of the Farmer Sustainability Index as a measurement to gauge whether farmers are practicing sustainable agriculture by following the Rice Check guideline that has been stipulated by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. The questionnaire was constructed to capture the 16 farming practices based on the Rice Check guideline and a score was given to each practice to see whether the guideline is being followed. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed and the Farmer Sustainability Index was calculated. The range of index is from 0 to 100, where 0 is not sustainable at all and 100 is highly sustainable. Eighty (80) paddy farmers from Sungai Petani, Kedah participated in the study and the result shows that 80% of the farmers practice quite unsustainable paddy farming with an average score of less than 40.0 on a scale of 0-100.

The study investigates demographic and attitudinal characteristics that can affect the purchase d... more The study investigates demographic and attitudinal characteristics that can affect the purchase decisions of marine fish among Malaysian consumers. A survey was conducted on Kuala Lumpur households using structured questionnaires. Seven hundred respondents were randomly interviewed with regard to their buying behaviour pattern, attitude and perception on fresh marine fish consumption. The data were analyzed using a logit binary model. It was found that the size and income of the households, gender, taste and the nutritional value of fresh fish significantly influenced the purchasing behavior of the respondents. The Malaysian seafood sector may find this study useful to encourage further consumer-based studies for promoting the growth of the domestic fresh marine fish and seafood market in general.

In Malaysia, the production of fresh beef is inadequate to meet the people’s demand. The major pr... more In Malaysia, the production of fresh beef is inadequate to meet the people’s demand. The major problem is that the beef sub sector of Malaysia has remained uncommercialized due to low productivity and the private sector has been silent on the beef sub sector development. Malaysia imported 75-80% of her beef requirement from different parts of the world in order to meet the domestic demand. Thus drastic policies need to be formulated to terminate dependency on others while developing beef industry domestically as an import substitution strategy. Thus the objective of this study is to develop a beef production system modeling for policy analysis via a model known as the Vintage approach simulation matrix model (VASIMM). VASIMM has the ability to determine the effect of the importation of the breeding stock policy and calculate the benefit and cost of implementing such policy to the government in the long run. The VASIMM method uses aggregate data to bring the new breeding stock into t...

International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 2011

The purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on responden... more The purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on respondents’ participation in contract farming. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire in populous states namely Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Johor in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of one-hundred and sixty seven FFV farmers were randomly selected and personally interviewed. Logit analysis was carried out to identify determinants that influenced fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) farmers participating in contract farming. The findings in the paper show that, based on the output from logistic regression, ownership, land size, education background, perceived benefit, complicated process, lacking in opportunities and price risk are dominant variables influencing FFV farmers’ willingness to participate in contract farming. Land ownership, land size, education and perceived benefit are dominant variables that positively influenced FFV farmers to participate in...

Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021

A dynamic econometric model of Nigeria’s rice market was designed to serve as a base for future p... more A dynamic econometric model of Nigeria’s rice market was designed to serve as a base for future policy analyses. Using time-series data spanning 38 years, the model contains four structural equations representing paddy area harvested, paddy yield, per capita demand, and producer price variables. Estimates for these equations were obtained using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach. Results of the paddy production and yield sub-models showed that paddy area harvested, and paddy yield was price inelastic. Furthermore, the paddy area harvested responded favourably to technological advancement. For the demand sub-model, estimated own price and cross-price elasticities showed that rice has an inelastic demand response, with wheat being a substitute. A series of validation tests strengthened the reliability of the model for use as an empirical framework for forecasting and analysing the effects of changes in policies such as rice import tariff reforms on produc...

The objective of this study was to assess comparative advantages of the non-ruminant subsector in... more The objective of this study was to assess comparative advantages of the non-ruminant subsector in selected states of Peninsular Malaysia. The study analysed livestock production, namely chicken meat and eggs in three states i.e. Negeri Sembilan, Perak and Selangor. This study used a Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to determine whether non-ruminant products have a comparative advantage for production under commercial, medium or small scale farm size. The study demonstrated that Malaysia has a strong comparative advantage in the production of chicken meat compared to the production of eggs. Chicken meat produced on a commercial scale has a DRC ratio of 0.24 while eggs produced on a medium scale have a DRC ratio of 0.26. Both farms have a comparative advantage because their ratio implies that the value added per unit of product is larger than the value of domestic resources used to produce in that unit. According to Tsakok (1990), the level of comparative advantage of each subsector is gr...

Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environme... more Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environmental degradation that causes a disastrous effect on us and our future generation. Considering this, sustainable entrepreneurship has been promoted as a resolution of ecological problems capable of addressing climate change issues, public health, and safety concerns, and has become critical for competing in international markets. SMEs activities increased pollution exclusively causing environmental degradation. In response, the world is focusing on ensuring that SMEs produce products through safe and environmentally friendly practices. Literature suggests that organizational support provide SMEs with the impetus to achieve competitive advantage regarding turnover, customer attraction and market share opportunities to achieve business performance. Nonetheless, the implementation of sustainable entrepreneurship among them is still low due to numerous challenges. This paper intends to invest...

The industry for natural products has experienced a significant growth in demand for its products... more The industry for natural products has experienced a significant growth in demand for its products and there is no surprise that the government has given it full support. The economical production methods have made it possible for the Malaysian Small and Medium Businesses Enterprises (SMEs) to increase their output. However due to the limited number of available resources, local SMEs are finding themselves in competition for shelf space in retail grocery stores. One way to resolve this issue is for producers and entrepreneurs to turn to the internet to attract customers. A website that could offer the herbal products online could be an ideal venue to market such products. Moreover, the launch of such a website needs relatively minimal skills and infrastructure. In this study 1063 internet users were interviewed online in order to identify the factors which could influence their intention to purchase herbal products online. Descriptive Analysis and Factor Analysis were employed in thi...

This study considers the structure conduct performance (SCP) model to assess degree of competitio... more This study considers the structure conduct performance (SCP) model to assess degree of competition in the supply chain of the Malaysian poultry market. Malaysian Poultry industry Firm’s financial data for period 2005-2011 obtained from Company Commission of Malaysia (CCM) was used for analysis. Results of the analysis could not prove any allegation of anticompetitive behavior and or exercise of market power by the integrators along the supply chain. However, the Farm level market is moderately concentrated over the study period indicated by the CR4 61.9% and HHI 2179. The overall performance of the industry based on results of the profitability ratio suggests the industry is doing quite well over the study period. The results of the 2SLS analysis show that concentration variable is significant and positively influences advertising. Furthermore concentration is positively related to profit and there is a two-way cause and effects existed between market concentration and industry beha...

Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 2016

African Journal of Agricultural Research, May 31, 2011

Rainbow trout farming is an important contributor to the aquaculture industry in Iran. This study... more Rainbow trout farming is an important contributor to the aquaculture industry in Iran. This study number of the factors including the socioeconomic factor was considered for analysing the factors affecting technical change in trout aquaculture. A two-stage estimation procedure for this analysis was applied. The Malmquist index is then employed to measure the productivity and technical change in the first stage, while the pooled logit and tobit models were performed in the second stage so as to ascertain factors affecting the technical change or innovation improvement. The study was conducted to utilize panel data of 207 trout farms in the country over a five-year period from 2003 to 2007. The results of this study revealed that the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of rainbow trout farming in the aquaculture sector is substantially formed from technical efficiency change rather than technical change or innovation improvement. Hence, Iran still has a room to improve the TFP growth in the trout aquaculture, and this can be done by shifting its production frontier through improving innovation and development of new technologies. Based on the marginal effects analysis derived from the pooled logit/tobit regression, the factors that mostly affected technical change positively were suitability of water temperature (13 to 18°C), extension workshop and educational level of the manager. Conversely, the negative factors included the governmental insurance coverage, pond size and being government tenure, such as public companies and cooperatives.

Beberapa ujian diagnostik digunakan dalam analisis ini untuk menentukan spesifikasi model tersebu... more Beberapa ujian diagnostik digunakan dalam analisis ini untuk menentukan spesifikasi model tersebut. Penyelidikan ini menggabungkan interaksi di antara beras dan gandum.. Anggaran keanjalan harga penawaran untuk jangkamasa pendek• adalah 0.03 sementara keanjalan harga penawaran untuk jangkamasa panjang ditentukan pada 0.11. Keanjalan metrik harga dan pendapatan yang diperolehi daripada analisis permintaan menunjukkan bahawa keanjalan harga sendiri adalah kurang daripada unitan. Hasil kajian ini menyokong hipotisis bahawa beras adalah barangan bawahan sementara gandum adalah normal. Paras import bergantung kepada penawaran tempatan, tingkat pendapatan dan harga-harga tempatan bagi beras dan gandum.

halalrc.org

Although the Halal concept has not been a major element among non-Muslim consumers living in an I... more Although the Halal concept has not been a major element among non-Muslim consumers living in an Islamic country, whether the non-Muslim consumers are aware of the underlying advantages that come with Halal food products or their viewpoints arising from their religious belief, are some intriguing questions that need to be answered. Thus the objective of the study explore the underlying determinants that are likely to influence non-Muslim consumers' perceptions and attitudes towards Halal concept and Halal food products in Malaysia in lieu of new paradigm in emerging global issues on sustainability, environmental, food safety and animal welfare. A survey was conducted in the Klang Valley where 400 non-Muslim respondents were interviewed via structured questionnaires to gather information on their awareness and attitude towards Halal food products in the Malaysian food market. Descriptive statistic was used to identify the socio-economic/ demographic characteristics and attitudes of the respondents toward the Halal food principles. The logit model was used to determine the extent to which selected socio-economic/demographic characteristics influenced the respondents' attitude and understanding on Halal principles and Halal food products. The results of this study suggest that non-Muslim consumers are aware of the existence of Halal food, Halal principles and the advantages of Halal way in slaughtering the animals. This can be shown by their significant awareness that Halal is not only the way Muslim slaughter their animals but also relates to environmental, sustainability, animal welfare and food safety. In general, various socio-economic/demographic factors such as education level, older generation, those who are more religious and the urban dweller seem to more likely to be aware of the advantages of Halal principles.

ABSTRAK Kertas lmja ini cuba menganilisis dan menentukan faktor~faktor yang mempengaruhi flermint... more ABSTRAK Kertas lmja ini cuba menganilisis dan menentukan faktor~faktor yang mempengaruhi flermintaan daging ayam di Malaysia. Saara Spesifik, ianya cuba melihat perubahan terhadap permintaan daging ayam yang disebabkan oleh perubahan harga, pendaf](ltan dan juga terhadap fJerubahan harga barang-bamng yang berkaitan dalam pasaran daging. Dua model pennintaan daging ayam telah diuji, ianya adalah f1el'5amaan tunggal dan fJel'5amaan pembolehubah 'instill mental'. Di samping itu juga persamaan Slutsky juga digunakan untuk menganggar kesan pendapatan dan gantian terhadap daging ayam dibandingkan dengan dagingdaging yang lain. A nalisis menuniuhlwn bahawa daging ayam adalah barang biasa dan daging lembu dan babi adalah barang flengganti bagi daging ayam. Walau bagaimanapun keputusan yang bercmnfJUmn didapati di antam hubungan daging aymn dengan ikan. Berdasarkan hepada kesan penggantian dan keanjalan silang hmga, didapati permintaan ikan adalah tidak berkait dengan barang-barang lain. ABSTRACT T'his study attempts to analyse the factors underlying the demand and consumption trends of POUlt1] meat in lVIalaysia. Specifically, it explores the poultr), meat consumfltion due to changes in prices and inrome and the interaction in demand between flOUltry meat and the components oj the rest of the meat market. To obtain the pammeters of the demand model for poultry meat, two estimation techniques were used in estimating the demand model, namely single and instrumental variables approach, while Slutsky equations were utilized to estimate the inrome and substitution effects of flotllt1] meat with the other components of the meat madiet. The results indicate that poultry meat is a normal good while both beef and pork are substitutes to poultl), meat. However, mixed results were obtained for f)oultry meat and fish. Based on the magnitude of the substitution effect and cross p17ce elasticity, it is concluded that the demand for fish is independent of the other comf)onents of the meat market.

Resources, 2016

Food safety is a serious concern among the consumers of agricultural products. Toxicity risks are... more Food safety is a serious concern among the consumers of agricultural products. Toxicity risks are created by the acute presence of contaminating chemicals in foods. The usage of chemical inputs in paddy farms has not only caused health issues for farmers but it has also adversely affected the environment, killed animals, and polluted air and water. This creates controversial issues that need immediate attention, since sustainable agriculture needs to meet both consumers' and farmers' welfare in terms of food and farmers' safety, respectively. This study looks at paddy farming practices and the creation of the Farmer Sustainability Index as a measurement to gauge whether farmers are practicing sustainable agriculture by following the Rice Check guideline that has been stipulated by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. The questionnaire was constructed to capture the 16 farming practices based on the Rice Check guideline and a score was given to each practice to see whether the guideline is being followed. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed and the Farmer Sustainability Index was calculated. The range of index is from 0 to 100, where 0 is not sustainable at all and 100 is highly sustainable. Eighty (80) paddy farmers from Sungai Petani, Kedah participated in the study and the result shows that 80% of the farmers practice quite unsustainable paddy farming with an average score of less than 40.0 on a scale of 0-100.

The study investigates demographic and attitudinal characteristics that can affect the purchase d... more The study investigates demographic and attitudinal characteristics that can affect the purchase decisions of marine fish among Malaysian consumers. A survey was conducted on Kuala Lumpur households using structured questionnaires. Seven hundred respondents were randomly interviewed with regard to their buying behaviour pattern, attitude and perception on fresh marine fish consumption. The data were analyzed using a logit binary model. It was found that the size and income of the households, gender, taste and the nutritional value of fresh fish significantly influenced the purchasing behavior of the respondents. The Malaysian seafood sector may find this study useful to encourage further consumer-based studies for promoting the growth of the domestic fresh marine fish and seafood market in general.

In Malaysia, the production of fresh beef is inadequate to meet the people’s demand. The major pr... more In Malaysia, the production of fresh beef is inadequate to meet the people’s demand. The major problem is that the beef sub sector of Malaysia has remained uncommercialized due to low productivity and the private sector has been silent on the beef sub sector development. Malaysia imported 75-80% of her beef requirement from different parts of the world in order to meet the domestic demand. Thus drastic policies need to be formulated to terminate dependency on others while developing beef industry domestically as an import substitution strategy. Thus the objective of this study is to develop a beef production system modeling for policy analysis via a model known as the Vintage approach simulation matrix model (VASIMM). VASIMM has the ability to determine the effect of the importation of the breeding stock policy and calculate the benefit and cost of implementing such policy to the government in the long run. The VASIMM method uses aggregate data to bring the new breeding stock into t...

International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 2011

The purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on responden... more The purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on respondents’ participation in contract farming. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire in populous states namely Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Johor in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of one-hundred and sixty seven FFV farmers were randomly selected and personally interviewed. Logit analysis was carried out to identify determinants that influenced fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) farmers participating in contract farming. The findings in the paper show that, based on the output from logistic regression, ownership, land size, education background, perceived benefit, complicated process, lacking in opportunities and price risk are dominant variables influencing FFV farmers’ willingness to participate in contract farming. Land ownership, land size, education and perceived benefit are dominant variables that positively influenced FFV farmers to participate in...

Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021

A dynamic econometric model of Nigeria’s rice market was designed to serve as a base for future p... more A dynamic econometric model of Nigeria’s rice market was designed to serve as a base for future policy analyses. Using time-series data spanning 38 years, the model contains four structural equations representing paddy area harvested, paddy yield, per capita demand, and producer price variables. Estimates for these equations were obtained using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach. Results of the paddy production and yield sub-models showed that paddy area harvested, and paddy yield was price inelastic. Furthermore, the paddy area harvested responded favourably to technological advancement. For the demand sub-model, estimated own price and cross-price elasticities showed that rice has an inelastic demand response, with wheat being a substitute. A series of validation tests strengthened the reliability of the model for use as an empirical framework for forecasting and analysing the effects of changes in policies such as rice import tariff reforms on produc...

The objective of this study was to assess comparative advantages of the non-ruminant subsector in... more The objective of this study was to assess comparative advantages of the non-ruminant subsector in selected states of Peninsular Malaysia. The study analysed livestock production, namely chicken meat and eggs in three states i.e. Negeri Sembilan, Perak and Selangor. This study used a Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to determine whether non-ruminant products have a comparative advantage for production under commercial, medium or small scale farm size. The study demonstrated that Malaysia has a strong comparative advantage in the production of chicken meat compared to the production of eggs. Chicken meat produced on a commercial scale has a DRC ratio of 0.24 while eggs produced on a medium scale have a DRC ratio of 0.26. Both farms have a comparative advantage because their ratio implies that the value added per unit of product is larger than the value of domestic resources used to produce in that unit. According to Tsakok (1990), the level of comparative advantage of each subsector is gr...

Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environme... more Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environmental degradation that causes a disastrous effect on us and our future generation. Considering this, sustainable entrepreneurship has been promoted as a resolution of ecological problems capable of addressing climate change issues, public health, and safety concerns, and has become critical for competing in international markets. SMEs activities increased pollution exclusively causing environmental degradation. In response, the world is focusing on ensuring that SMEs produce products through safe and environmentally friendly practices. Literature suggests that organizational support provide SMEs with the impetus to achieve competitive advantage regarding turnover, customer attraction and market share opportunities to achieve business performance. Nonetheless, the implementation of sustainable entrepreneurship among them is still low due to numerous challenges. This paper intends to invest...

The industry for natural products has experienced a significant growth in demand for its products... more The industry for natural products has experienced a significant growth in demand for its products and there is no surprise that the government has given it full support. The economical production methods have made it possible for the Malaysian Small and Medium Businesses Enterprises (SMEs) to increase their output. However due to the limited number of available resources, local SMEs are finding themselves in competition for shelf space in retail grocery stores. One way to resolve this issue is for producers and entrepreneurs to turn to the internet to attract customers. A website that could offer the herbal products online could be an ideal venue to market such products. Moreover, the launch of such a website needs relatively minimal skills and infrastructure. In this study 1063 internet users were interviewed online in order to identify the factors which could influence their intention to purchase herbal products online. Descriptive Analysis and Factor Analysis were employed in thi...

This study considers the structure conduct performance (SCP) model to assess degree of competitio... more This study considers the structure conduct performance (SCP) model to assess degree of competition in the supply chain of the Malaysian poultry market. Malaysian Poultry industry Firm’s financial data for period 2005-2011 obtained from Company Commission of Malaysia (CCM) was used for analysis. Results of the analysis could not prove any allegation of anticompetitive behavior and or exercise of market power by the integrators along the supply chain. However, the Farm level market is moderately concentrated over the study period indicated by the CR4 61.9% and HHI 2179. The overall performance of the industry based on results of the profitability ratio suggests the industry is doing quite well over the study period. The results of the 2SLS analysis show that concentration variable is significant and positively influences advertising. Furthermore concentration is positively related to profit and there is a two-way cause and effects existed between market concentration and industry beha...

Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 2016

African Journal of Agricultural Research, May 31, 2011

Rainbow trout farming is an important contributor to the aquaculture industry in Iran. This study... more Rainbow trout farming is an important contributor to the aquaculture industry in Iran. This study number of the factors including the socioeconomic factor was considered for analysing the factors affecting technical change in trout aquaculture. A two-stage estimation procedure for this analysis was applied. The Malmquist index is then employed to measure the productivity and technical change in the first stage, while the pooled logit and tobit models were performed in the second stage so as to ascertain factors affecting the technical change or innovation improvement. The study was conducted to utilize panel data of 207 trout farms in the country over a five-year period from 2003 to 2007. The results of this study revealed that the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of rainbow trout farming in the aquaculture sector is substantially formed from technical efficiency change rather than technical change or innovation improvement. Hence, Iran still has a room to improve the TFP growth in the trout aquaculture, and this can be done by shifting its production frontier through improving innovation and development of new technologies. Based on the marginal effects analysis derived from the pooled logit/tobit regression, the factors that mostly affected technical change positively were suitability of water temperature (13 to 18°C), extension workshop and educational level of the manager. Conversely, the negative factors included the governmental insurance coverage, pond size and being government tenure, such as public companies and cooperatives.

Book Chapter, 2021

Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environme... more Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environmental degradation that causes a disastrous effect on us and our future generation. Considering this, sustainable entrepreneurship has been promoted as a resolution of ecological problems capable of addressing climate change issues, public health, and safety concerns, and has become critical for competing in international markets. SMEs activities increased pollution exclusively causing environmental degradation. In response, the world is focusing on ensuring that SMEs produce products through safe and environmentally friendly practices. Literature suggests that organizational support provide SMEs with the impetus to achieve competitive advantage regarding turnover, customer attraction and market share opportunities to achieve business performance. Nonetheless, the implementation of sustainable entrepreneurship among them is still low due to numerous challenges. This paper intends to investigate the influence of organizational support on sustainable entrepreneurship towards performance among SMEs. A case study involving 300 herbal-based SMEs were surveyed using structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model. The results show that organizational support have a positive effect on sustainable entrepreneurship and performance among the SMEs, accounting for 52% and 47% variance respectively. This finding reveals that organizational support is significantly related to entrepreneurship performance, thus substantiates previous findings on the crucial roles of organizational support in enabling organizations to achieve sustainable entrepreneurship performance. This study contributes to triple bottom line literature based on incorporation of strategic choice theory, strategic sustainability orientation and resource-based view theory in entrepreneurship framework.