Zakaria Ahmed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Zakaria Ahmed
Environmental Science Archives, 2024
Enzymatic treatment on jute-cotton union fabric is ecofriendly way of biopolishing. This study ex... more Enzymatic treatment on jute-cotton union fabric is ecofriendly way of biopolishing. This study explores the eco-friendly bio-polishing of jute-cotton union fabrics using free enzymes under various treatment conditions. The study analyzed the physical properties of the treated fabric, revealing minimal degradation and increased fiber accessibility. The treatment was measured using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), providing insights into the chemical bonds and functional groups on the fabric molecule. The treated fabric performance was studied at 3, 6 and 12 h at room temperature. Fabric of a jute-cotton union fabric is improved by all of the treatments, as reflected through FTIR readings. The results showed that the treated fabric was of good quality, as protruding fibers were removed during the bio-polishing process.
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, Nov 30, 2022
The object of this study is the application of basic dyes on jute fabrics at different temperatur... more The object of this study is the application of basic dyes on jute fabrics at different temperature and fastness analyses of dyed jute fabric. Hessian jute fabric is collected from jute weaving mill then jute fabric is undergone pretreatment process. Pretreated jute fabric is dyed with basic dyes at various shade percentage such as-5%, 2%, 4%,5% shade variation at different temperature. Then fastness property is analyses by color fastness to wash, color fastness to rubbing, color fastness to light. It showed that at 65oC temperature and 4% shade variation basic dyes gives good color fastness on hessian jute fabrics.
The study was projected to application and fastness analysis of natural dyes on cotton knitted fa... more The study was projected to application and fastness analysis of natural dyes on cotton knitted fabric with references to measure color fastness to four criteria; like color fastness to wash, color fastness to perspiration, color fastness to light and color fastness to rubbing. Test was carried out for 30min at 60 o C and grading was done for color staining and color change by the respective grey scale. But change in color grading was very poor; the lowest grade was found for turmeric and combination of tea and henna was 1. The rubbing fastness of the sample cloth and degree of staining is accessed both for wet and dry rub by grey scale. Color fastness to light was carried out in the Xenon Arc. Dry rub grading was 5 and Wet rub grading was 4. Rubbing fastness properties of these natural dyes were comparatively poor and the results of the grading for light fastness were very poor.
Jute is an amazing, incredibly sustainable, affordable and breathable fiber. It's fiber are long,... more Jute is an amazing, incredibly sustainable, affordable and breathable fiber. It's fiber are long, soft and shiny and can spun into course, strong and durable yarn or thread which can be used to make sturdy hessain or burlap, gumy cloths and many other useful value added materials substituting hazardous plastics. Jute is an eco-fiber due to having natural UV protection, grows without the use of pesticides and fertilizers, completely biodegradable and recyclable fiber. It enhances the fertility of the soil it grows on for future crops. In engineering field, extensive research is going on due to its sustainability, durability, strength, elasticity and weight.
The experiment was conducted to study the response of summer onion to N2 and Naphthalene Acetic A... more The experiment was conducted to study the response of summer onion to N2 and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: 4 levels of Nitrogen viz. N0-0kg (control), N1-90kg ha-1 , N2-110kg ha-1 and N3-130kg ha-1 and Factor B: 4 levels of NAA viz. H0-0ppm, H1-50ppm, H2-100ppm and H3-150ppm. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results revealed that in terms of nitrogen, the highest bulb diameter (4.90cm), bulb weight plant-1 (51.48g) and bulb yield ha-1 (17.78t) were found from N2 (110kg N ha-1). In case of application of NAA, the highest bulb length (3.22cm), bulb diameter (4.38cm), bulb weight plant-1 (45.18g) and bulb yield ha-1 (15.49t) were recorded from H2 (100ppm NAA). Regarding combined effect of nitrogen and NAA the highest bulb length (3.76cm), highest bulb diameter (5.26cm), highest bulb weight plant-1 (55.50g) and highest bulb yield ha-1 (19.60t) were recorded from the treatment combination of N2H2. Considering economic analysis, the highest BCR (2.39) was also obtained from N2H2 (110kg N ha-1 with 100ppm NAA) treatment combination.
The object of this study is the application of basic dyes on jute fabrics at different temperatur... more The object of this study is the application of basic dyes on jute fabrics at different temperature and fastness analyses of dyed jute fabric. Hessian jute fabric is collected from jute weaving mill then jute fabric is undergone pretreatment process. Pretreated jute fabric is dyed with basic dyes at various shade percentage such as-5%, 2%, 4%,5% shade variation at different temperature. Then fastness property is analyses by color fastness to wash, color fastness to rubbing, color fastness to light. It showed that at 65oC temperature and 4% shade variation basic dyes gives good color fastness on hessian jute fabrics.
The increasing proliferation of diseases, with the associated drug resistance, has underscored th... more The increasing proliferation of diseases, with the associated drug resistance, has underscored the need for new drug development. Plant-derived natural products possess diverse pharmacological activities and consequently are an attractive resource for the development of advanced chemotherapeutics to treat a wide range of disease conditions, including microbial infections. Jute leaves rich with active diterpenoids for the potential discovery of new drugs and boost up the immune system. It is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antipyretic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, cytotoxic and antipyretic effects and immune-boosting properties. Therefore, in the search for economically feasible with better efficacy and low toxicity, plant sources are highly prioritized. The present review deals to provide extensive knowledge on the different activities of jute leaves and its extracts based on the available scientific literature.
International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science
Jute knitted fabric was produced in knitting lab and was treated with natural and synthetic dust ... more Jute knitted fabric was produced in knitting lab and was treated with natural and synthetic dust resistance compounds of perchloroethylene, wax, and mixers of vinegar and olive oil at different temperatures with contact of dust to develop anti-dust characteristics on jute knitted fabrics. It was found that at 80oC temperature, perchloro ethylene developed dust resistant property on jute knitted fabric whereas at 60oC, wax treatment improved a dust resistant property and in natural treatment at room temperature, spray of vinegar+olive oil improved dust resistant property as well
American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 2022
Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood with minimal oxy... more Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood with minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. Jute sticks were used as a cheap precursor for the preparation of charcoal and activated carbon. Chemical activation with CaCl 2 caused the physicochemical changes in charcoal. Jute sticks were carbonized at a range of 250°C to 750°C temperatures by an electric muffle furnace where 40-45% higher yields were observed at 250°C temperature and yields declined (8-10%) with an increase in temperature up to 500°C. In the case of charcoal, the average moisture was 9.88%. The IR results of charcoal analysis were indicated 3,450 cm-1 for the moisture and 1689.34 cm-1 for carboxyl groups. Ash was obtained at a temperature of 550°C in thermogravimetric analysis. At the first phase (50-340°C) of activated carbon, moisture was released (24% weight loss) because of the activation of activated carbon, which consumes more water than charcoal. The oxidation of carbon occurred in the range of 340-550°C and the remaining 1% of inorganic materials became ash. Food and beverage processing, snow avalanche control, municipal drinking water, industrial pollution control, radio wave capture, methane solvent recovery, odor remover, metal purification, and sewage treatment will all benefit from this activated carbon. The properties of the final materials obtained after pyrolyzing at 700°C can be a suitable approach.
Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology
In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, ... more In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, 10 and 15 minutes. For the determination of antibacterial activity, Salmonella typhi were inoculated on nutrient agar media by spread plate method and tea liquor was poured in the middle of the bacterial inoculated plate. Antibacterial activity was observed where boiling time has affected antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of different extracts of jute leaves were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against different pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus etc. Antibacterial activity was found increasing with increased by longer time prepared tea liquor and the highest antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of jute leaf was observed against E. coli (ZOI=17.0±1.0 mm) followed by Salmonella typhi. Therefore, these results clearly support the traditional use of jute leaf as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent against a wide...
International Journal of Vegetable Science, 2021
Jute (Corchorus sp.) leaves may contain lycopene, a strong antioxidant, but amounts in jute leave... more Jute (Corchorus sp.) leaves may contain lycopene, a strong antioxidant,
but amounts in jute leaves are not known. The study
was undertaken to estimate the lycopene content in fresh,
processed, and preserved jute leaves of the cultivated jute
species C. olitorius L. and C. capsularis L. The highest lycopene
content was in 45-day-old fresh leaves which gradually
decreased with increasing plant age. Among processing methods,
leaves soaked in vinegar had the highest lycopene for
C. olitorius but in C. capsularis the highest lycopene was in leaves
boiled with water and salt for 15 min. All the processing methods
led to increased availability of lycopene compared to fresh
leaves. Preserved jute leaves retained lycopene following drying
and preservation at −20°C. The highest lycopene was from cold
dried preserved leaves at 4°C and then air dried leaves at 33–35°
C; the lowest lycopene content was from leaves dried in an oven
at 100°C. Lycopene content in leaves differed due to plant ages.
Lycopene in 45-day-old plant jute leaves was more than
doubled compared to fresh red tomatoes. Further evaluation
is needed to determine if consumption and digestion affect the
available lycopene content in jute leaves available to humans
Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology
In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, ... more In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, 10 and 15 minutes. For the determination of antibacterial activity, Salmonella typhi were inoculated on nutrient agar media by spread plate method and tea liquor was poured in the middle of the bacterial inoculated plate. Antibacterial activity was observed where boiling time has affected antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of different extracts of jute leaves were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against different pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus etc. Antibacterial activity was found increasing with increased by longer time prepared tea liquor and the highest antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of jute leaf was observed against E. coli (ZOI=17.0±1.0 mm) followed by Salmonella typhi. Therefore, these results clearly support the traditional use of jute leaf as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent against a wide...
International Journal of Life Science Research Updates
The present research was taken to formulate bacterial consortium as whole cell biocatalyst for re... more The present research was taken to formulate bacterial consortium as whole cell biocatalyst for retting of dry jute ribbons. The bacteria were obtained from different sources of jute retting water, enriched on nutrient broth medium. Microbial consortium was constructed from 7 (seven) selected isolated bacteria to become 7 (seven) combination culture which exhibited remarkable retting efficacy due to the induction of different enzymes activities. The enzymatic as well as biochemical activity of these bacteria were tested. The strains were selected based on the criteria that they were able to display good zone of inhibition. Formulations showed good potential as candidates for microbial consortium. In the two combination treatment with water (5 ml), microbial consortia of (10DTW2b+OMPW4b), (10DTW2b+4DTW7b) and (OMEW4b+10DTW2b) were found better for all the cases. Again, in three combinations treatment with water (5 ml d.H2O), fineness, brightness and smoothness/softness, all were found...
International Journal of Scientific Research Updates
The increasing proliferation of diseases, with the associated drug resistance, has underscored th... more The increasing proliferation of diseases, with the associated drug resistance, has underscored the need for new drug development. Plant-derived natural products possess diverse pharmacological activities and consequently are an attractive resource for the development of advanced chemotherapeutics to treat a wide range of disease conditions, including microbial infections. Jute leaves rich with active diterpenoids for the potential discovery of new drugs and boost up the immune system. It is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antipyretic, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, cytotoxic and antipyretic effects and immune-boosting properties. Therefore, in the search for economically feasible with better efficacy and low toxicity, plant sources are highly prioritized. The present review deals to provide extensive knowledge on the different activities of jute leaves and its extracts based on the available scientific literature.
Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 7, 2021
Bonding parameters, energy parameters, antimicrobial activity, synthetic drugs, bioactive natural... more Bonding parameters, energy parameters, antimicrobial activity, synthetic drugs, bioactive natural products, agrochemicals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.
International Journal of Sciences Basic and Applied Research, 2014
'Maqasid al-Shariah ' are masalih that provide answers to the questions about t... more 'Maqasid al-Shariah ' are masalih that provide answers to the questions about the hierarchy of interests in Islamic law. Maqasid include the wisdoms behind rulings, such as 'enhancing social welfare, ' which is one of the wisdoms behind charity, and 'developing consciousness of God, ' which is one of the wisdoms behind fasting. Maqasid are also good ends that the laws aim to achieve by blocking, or opening, certain means. Thus, the Maqasid of 'preserving people's minds and souls ' explain the total and strict Islamic ban on alcohol and intoxicants. Maqasid are also the group of divine intents and moral concepts upon which the Islamic law is based, such as, justice, human dignity, free will, magnanimity, facilitation, and social cooperation. Thus, they represent the link between the Islamic law and today's notions of human rights, development, and civility. The term 'maqsid ' (plural: Maqasid) refers to a purpose, objective, principle, intent, goal, end [16: a, ii], telos (Greek), finalité (French), or Zweck (German) [21]. Maqasid of the Islamic law are the objectives/purposes behind Islamic rulings. [17: 183] For a number of Islamic legal theorists, it is an alternative expression to 'people's interests ' (masalih).
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
In anticancer chemotherapy, drug targeting and delivery methods depend on agents with selective a... more In anticancer chemotherapy, drug targeting and delivery methods depend on agents with selective access to cancer cells to deliver drugs to the target, and approaches to finding such agents often depend on novel design strategies employing bioactive vectors. Platinum-based complexes are extremely important drugs for the treatment of cancer. Recently synthesized complexes of Pt (IV) have been shown to have several advantages, such as they are safer, can be used orally, are highly anti-cancer effective, there is no cross-resistance to cisplatin, and their effectiveness is compared with commonly used Pt (II) compounds such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin. A molecular mimicry model for the generation of new active drugs may be synthesized by the 3,5-ditert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzylaminocysteine (DTHBAC) where a cysteine group and two tertiary butyl groups attached to the phenol aromatic ring can be coordinated with platinum. This appropriate ligand with the platinum complex is fit for the anti...
In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, ... more In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, 10 and 15 minutes. For the determination of antibacterial activity, Salmonella typhi were inoculated on nutrient agar media by spread plate method and tea liquor was poured in the middle of the bacterial inoculated plate. Antibacterial activity was observed where boiling time has affected antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of different extracts of jute leaves were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against different pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus etc. Antibacterial activity was found increasing with increased by longer time prepared tea liquor and the highest antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of jute leaf was observed against E. coli (ZOI=17.0±1.0 mm) followed by Salmonella typhi. Therefore, these results clearly support the traditional use of jute leaf as a broadspectrum antimicrobial agent against a wide range of microbes.
An investigation had been done to produce quality charcoal at different temperature ranges on a l... more An investigation had been done to produce quality charcoal at different temperature ranges on a laboratory scale. A proximate analysis had been carried out to determine the percentage of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon in charcoal by standard methods. The jute sticks were carbonized at a range of 250 o C to 750 o C temperature in an electric muffle furnace. Higher yields, 40-45% were obtained at 250 o C, and yields decline (8-10%) with increasing temperature up to 750 o C. The yield of charcoal was calculated after the determination of moisture, where the average moisture of jute charcoal is about 9.88%. The carbon purity of jute charcoal is identified from FT-IR analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that thermal decomposition of the analyzed charcoal occurred in three main phases where the thermal decomposition of the charcoal occurred in the range of 340-550°C where the weight loss was 75% and the rest 1% of inorganic materials become ash.
β-carotene is a carotenoid pigment that converts to vitamin A in human body and plays crucial rol... more β-carotene is a carotenoid pigment that converts to vitamin A in human body and plays crucial role in visual functions, reproductive performance and immune system. Jute leaves contain β-carotene but amounts in different varieties of jute leaves are not known. The study was undertaken to estimate the β-carotene content in fresh jute leaves of the cultivated jute species Corchorus olitorius L. and Corchorus capsularis L. by spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography. βcarotene content varies in leaves of different varieties of two species. Leaves of some C. olitorius variety showed higher amount of β-carotene than the leaves of C. capsularis variety. Some varieties of C. olitorius showed similarity with some varieties of C. capsularis. Variety Robi-1 of C .olitorius showed the highest content of β-carotene 39.93mg/100g. O-72, O-4, O-3820, O-9897 and OM-1 of olitorius variety showed higher β-carotene than all the varieties of C. capsularis. JRO-524 and MG-1 of C. olitorius variety is comparable to CVL-1, D-154, BJC-2197 and deshi pat shak-1 variety of C. capsularis regarding β-carotene content. Lowest β-carotene was estimated 12.55mg/100g in O-795 of olitorius variety and 12.32mg/100g in BJC-83 and 11.34mg/100g in BJC-2142 of capsularis variety. Thin layer chromatography system silica gel on TLC Al foils as stationary phase and hexane as mobile phase performs good separation and identification of βcarotene in jute leaves.
Environmental Science Archives, 2024
Enzymatic treatment on jute-cotton union fabric is ecofriendly way of biopolishing. This study ex... more Enzymatic treatment on jute-cotton union fabric is ecofriendly way of biopolishing. This study explores the eco-friendly bio-polishing of jute-cotton union fabrics using free enzymes under various treatment conditions. The study analyzed the physical properties of the treated fabric, revealing minimal degradation and increased fiber accessibility. The treatment was measured using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), providing insights into the chemical bonds and functional groups on the fabric molecule. The treated fabric performance was studied at 3, 6 and 12 h at room temperature. Fabric of a jute-cotton union fabric is improved by all of the treatments, as reflected through FTIR readings. The results showed that the treated fabric was of good quality, as protruding fibers were removed during the bio-polishing process.
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, Nov 30, 2022
The object of this study is the application of basic dyes on jute fabrics at different temperatur... more The object of this study is the application of basic dyes on jute fabrics at different temperature and fastness analyses of dyed jute fabric. Hessian jute fabric is collected from jute weaving mill then jute fabric is undergone pretreatment process. Pretreated jute fabric is dyed with basic dyes at various shade percentage such as-5%, 2%, 4%,5% shade variation at different temperature. Then fastness property is analyses by color fastness to wash, color fastness to rubbing, color fastness to light. It showed that at 65oC temperature and 4% shade variation basic dyes gives good color fastness on hessian jute fabrics.
The study was projected to application and fastness analysis of natural dyes on cotton knitted fa... more The study was projected to application and fastness analysis of natural dyes on cotton knitted fabric with references to measure color fastness to four criteria; like color fastness to wash, color fastness to perspiration, color fastness to light and color fastness to rubbing. Test was carried out for 30min at 60 o C and grading was done for color staining and color change by the respective grey scale. But change in color grading was very poor; the lowest grade was found for turmeric and combination of tea and henna was 1. The rubbing fastness of the sample cloth and degree of staining is accessed both for wet and dry rub by grey scale. Color fastness to light was carried out in the Xenon Arc. Dry rub grading was 5 and Wet rub grading was 4. Rubbing fastness properties of these natural dyes were comparatively poor and the results of the grading for light fastness were very poor.
Jute is an amazing, incredibly sustainable, affordable and breathable fiber. It's fiber are long,... more Jute is an amazing, incredibly sustainable, affordable and breathable fiber. It's fiber are long, soft and shiny and can spun into course, strong and durable yarn or thread which can be used to make sturdy hessain or burlap, gumy cloths and many other useful value added materials substituting hazardous plastics. Jute is an eco-fiber due to having natural UV protection, grows without the use of pesticides and fertilizers, completely biodegradable and recyclable fiber. It enhances the fertility of the soil it grows on for future crops. In engineering field, extensive research is going on due to its sustainability, durability, strength, elasticity and weight.
The experiment was conducted to study the response of summer onion to N2 and Naphthalene Acetic A... more The experiment was conducted to study the response of summer onion to N2 and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: 4 levels of Nitrogen viz. N0-0kg (control), N1-90kg ha-1 , N2-110kg ha-1 and N3-130kg ha-1 and Factor B: 4 levels of NAA viz. H0-0ppm, H1-50ppm, H2-100ppm and H3-150ppm. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results revealed that in terms of nitrogen, the highest bulb diameter (4.90cm), bulb weight plant-1 (51.48g) and bulb yield ha-1 (17.78t) were found from N2 (110kg N ha-1). In case of application of NAA, the highest bulb length (3.22cm), bulb diameter (4.38cm), bulb weight plant-1 (45.18g) and bulb yield ha-1 (15.49t) were recorded from H2 (100ppm NAA). Regarding combined effect of nitrogen and NAA the highest bulb length (3.76cm), highest bulb diameter (5.26cm), highest bulb weight plant-1 (55.50g) and highest bulb yield ha-1 (19.60t) were recorded from the treatment combination of N2H2. Considering economic analysis, the highest BCR (2.39) was also obtained from N2H2 (110kg N ha-1 with 100ppm NAA) treatment combination.
The object of this study is the application of basic dyes on jute fabrics at different temperatur... more The object of this study is the application of basic dyes on jute fabrics at different temperature and fastness analyses of dyed jute fabric. Hessian jute fabric is collected from jute weaving mill then jute fabric is undergone pretreatment process. Pretreated jute fabric is dyed with basic dyes at various shade percentage such as-5%, 2%, 4%,5% shade variation at different temperature. Then fastness property is analyses by color fastness to wash, color fastness to rubbing, color fastness to light. It showed that at 65oC temperature and 4% shade variation basic dyes gives good color fastness on hessian jute fabrics.
The increasing proliferation of diseases, with the associated drug resistance, has underscored th... more The increasing proliferation of diseases, with the associated drug resistance, has underscored the need for new drug development. Plant-derived natural products possess diverse pharmacological activities and consequently are an attractive resource for the development of advanced chemotherapeutics to treat a wide range of disease conditions, including microbial infections. Jute leaves rich with active diterpenoids for the potential discovery of new drugs and boost up the immune system. It is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antipyretic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, cytotoxic and antipyretic effects and immune-boosting properties. Therefore, in the search for economically feasible with better efficacy and low toxicity, plant sources are highly prioritized. The present review deals to provide extensive knowledge on the different activities of jute leaves and its extracts based on the available scientific literature.
International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science
Jute knitted fabric was produced in knitting lab and was treated with natural and synthetic dust ... more Jute knitted fabric was produced in knitting lab and was treated with natural and synthetic dust resistance compounds of perchloroethylene, wax, and mixers of vinegar and olive oil at different temperatures with contact of dust to develop anti-dust characteristics on jute knitted fabrics. It was found that at 80oC temperature, perchloro ethylene developed dust resistant property on jute knitted fabric whereas at 60oC, wax treatment improved a dust resistant property and in natural treatment at room temperature, spray of vinegar+olive oil improved dust resistant property as well
American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 2022
Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood with minimal oxy... more Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood with minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. Jute sticks were used as a cheap precursor for the preparation of charcoal and activated carbon. Chemical activation with CaCl 2 caused the physicochemical changes in charcoal. Jute sticks were carbonized at a range of 250°C to 750°C temperatures by an electric muffle furnace where 40-45% higher yields were observed at 250°C temperature and yields declined (8-10%) with an increase in temperature up to 500°C. In the case of charcoal, the average moisture was 9.88%. The IR results of charcoal analysis were indicated 3,450 cm-1 for the moisture and 1689.34 cm-1 for carboxyl groups. Ash was obtained at a temperature of 550°C in thermogravimetric analysis. At the first phase (50-340°C) of activated carbon, moisture was released (24% weight loss) because of the activation of activated carbon, which consumes more water than charcoal. The oxidation of carbon occurred in the range of 340-550°C and the remaining 1% of inorganic materials became ash. Food and beverage processing, snow avalanche control, municipal drinking water, industrial pollution control, radio wave capture, methane solvent recovery, odor remover, metal purification, and sewage treatment will all benefit from this activated carbon. The properties of the final materials obtained after pyrolyzing at 700°C can be a suitable approach.
Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology
In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, ... more In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, 10 and 15 minutes. For the determination of antibacterial activity, Salmonella typhi were inoculated on nutrient agar media by spread plate method and tea liquor was poured in the middle of the bacterial inoculated plate. Antibacterial activity was observed where boiling time has affected antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of different extracts of jute leaves were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against different pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus etc. Antibacterial activity was found increasing with increased by longer time prepared tea liquor and the highest antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of jute leaf was observed against E. coli (ZOI=17.0±1.0 mm) followed by Salmonella typhi. Therefore, these results clearly support the traditional use of jute leaf as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent against a wide...
International Journal of Vegetable Science, 2021
Jute (Corchorus sp.) leaves may contain lycopene, a strong antioxidant, but amounts in jute leave... more Jute (Corchorus sp.) leaves may contain lycopene, a strong antioxidant,
but amounts in jute leaves are not known. The study
was undertaken to estimate the lycopene content in fresh,
processed, and preserved jute leaves of the cultivated jute
species C. olitorius L. and C. capsularis L. The highest lycopene
content was in 45-day-old fresh leaves which gradually
decreased with increasing plant age. Among processing methods,
leaves soaked in vinegar had the highest lycopene for
C. olitorius but in C. capsularis the highest lycopene was in leaves
boiled with water and salt for 15 min. All the processing methods
led to increased availability of lycopene compared to fresh
leaves. Preserved jute leaves retained lycopene following drying
and preservation at −20°C. The highest lycopene was from cold
dried preserved leaves at 4°C and then air dried leaves at 33–35°
C; the lowest lycopene content was from leaves dried in an oven
at 100°C. Lycopene content in leaves differed due to plant ages.
Lycopene in 45-day-old plant jute leaves was more than
doubled compared to fresh red tomatoes. Further evaluation
is needed to determine if consumption and digestion affect the
available lycopene content in jute leaves available to humans
Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology
In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, ... more In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, 10 and 15 minutes. For the determination of antibacterial activity, Salmonella typhi were inoculated on nutrient agar media by spread plate method and tea liquor was poured in the middle of the bacterial inoculated plate. Antibacterial activity was observed where boiling time has affected antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of different extracts of jute leaves were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against different pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus etc. Antibacterial activity was found increasing with increased by longer time prepared tea liquor and the highest antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of jute leaf was observed against E. coli (ZOI=17.0±1.0 mm) followed by Salmonella typhi. Therefore, these results clearly support the traditional use of jute leaf as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent against a wide...
International Journal of Life Science Research Updates
The present research was taken to formulate bacterial consortium as whole cell biocatalyst for re... more The present research was taken to formulate bacterial consortium as whole cell biocatalyst for retting of dry jute ribbons. The bacteria were obtained from different sources of jute retting water, enriched on nutrient broth medium. Microbial consortium was constructed from 7 (seven) selected isolated bacteria to become 7 (seven) combination culture which exhibited remarkable retting efficacy due to the induction of different enzymes activities. The enzymatic as well as biochemical activity of these bacteria were tested. The strains were selected based on the criteria that they were able to display good zone of inhibition. Formulations showed good potential as candidates for microbial consortium. In the two combination treatment with water (5 ml), microbial consortia of (10DTW2b+OMPW4b), (10DTW2b+4DTW7b) and (OMEW4b+10DTW2b) were found better for all the cases. Again, in three combinations treatment with water (5 ml d.H2O), fineness, brightness and smoothness/softness, all were found...
International Journal of Scientific Research Updates
The increasing proliferation of diseases, with the associated drug resistance, has underscored th... more The increasing proliferation of diseases, with the associated drug resistance, has underscored the need for new drug development. Plant-derived natural products possess diverse pharmacological activities and consequently are an attractive resource for the development of advanced chemotherapeutics to treat a wide range of disease conditions, including microbial infections. Jute leaves rich with active diterpenoids for the potential discovery of new drugs and boost up the immune system. It is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antipyretic, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, cytotoxic and antipyretic effects and immune-boosting properties. Therefore, in the search for economically feasible with better efficacy and low toxicity, plant sources are highly prioritized. The present review deals to provide extensive knowledge on the different activities of jute leaves and its extracts based on the available scientific literature.
Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 7, 2021
Bonding parameters, energy parameters, antimicrobial activity, synthetic drugs, bioactive natural... more Bonding parameters, energy parameters, antimicrobial activity, synthetic drugs, bioactive natural products, agrochemicals. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of Chemical Science.
International Journal of Sciences Basic and Applied Research, 2014
'Maqasid al-Shariah ' are masalih that provide answers to the questions about t... more 'Maqasid al-Shariah ' are masalih that provide answers to the questions about the hierarchy of interests in Islamic law. Maqasid include the wisdoms behind rulings, such as 'enhancing social welfare, ' which is one of the wisdoms behind charity, and 'developing consciousness of God, ' which is one of the wisdoms behind fasting. Maqasid are also good ends that the laws aim to achieve by blocking, or opening, certain means. Thus, the Maqasid of 'preserving people's minds and souls ' explain the total and strict Islamic ban on alcohol and intoxicants. Maqasid are also the group of divine intents and moral concepts upon which the Islamic law is based, such as, justice, human dignity, free will, magnanimity, facilitation, and social cooperation. Thus, they represent the link between the Islamic law and today's notions of human rights, development, and civility. The term 'maqsid ' (plural: Maqasid) refers to a purpose, objective, principle, intent, goal, end [16: a, ii], telos (Greek), finalité (French), or Zweck (German) [21]. Maqasid of the Islamic law are the objectives/purposes behind Islamic rulings. [17: 183] For a number of Islamic legal theorists, it is an alternative expression to 'people's interests ' (masalih).
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
In anticancer chemotherapy, drug targeting and delivery methods depend on agents with selective a... more In anticancer chemotherapy, drug targeting and delivery methods depend on agents with selective access to cancer cells to deliver drugs to the target, and approaches to finding such agents often depend on novel design strategies employing bioactive vectors. Platinum-based complexes are extremely important drugs for the treatment of cancer. Recently synthesized complexes of Pt (IV) have been shown to have several advantages, such as they are safer, can be used orally, are highly anti-cancer effective, there is no cross-resistance to cisplatin, and their effectiveness is compared with commonly used Pt (II) compounds such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin. A molecular mimicry model for the generation of new active drugs may be synthesized by the 3,5-ditert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzylaminocysteine (DTHBAC) where a cysteine group and two tertiary butyl groups attached to the phenol aromatic ring can be coordinated with platinum. This appropriate ligand with the platinum complex is fit for the anti...
In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, ... more In this experiment, tea liquor has been prepared by 10% dried tea leaves and boiling time was 5, 10 and 15 minutes. For the determination of antibacterial activity, Salmonella typhi were inoculated on nutrient agar media by spread plate method and tea liquor was poured in the middle of the bacterial inoculated plate. Antibacterial activity was observed where boiling time has affected antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of different extracts of jute leaves were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against different pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus etc. Antibacterial activity was found increasing with increased by longer time prepared tea liquor and the highest antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of jute leaf was observed against E. coli (ZOI=17.0±1.0 mm) followed by Salmonella typhi. Therefore, these results clearly support the traditional use of jute leaf as a broadspectrum antimicrobial agent against a wide range of microbes.
An investigation had been done to produce quality charcoal at different temperature ranges on a l... more An investigation had been done to produce quality charcoal at different temperature ranges on a laboratory scale. A proximate analysis had been carried out to determine the percentage of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon in charcoal by standard methods. The jute sticks were carbonized at a range of 250 o C to 750 o C temperature in an electric muffle furnace. Higher yields, 40-45% were obtained at 250 o C, and yields decline (8-10%) with increasing temperature up to 750 o C. The yield of charcoal was calculated after the determination of moisture, where the average moisture of jute charcoal is about 9.88%. The carbon purity of jute charcoal is identified from FT-IR analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that thermal decomposition of the analyzed charcoal occurred in three main phases where the thermal decomposition of the charcoal occurred in the range of 340-550°C where the weight loss was 75% and the rest 1% of inorganic materials become ash.
β-carotene is a carotenoid pigment that converts to vitamin A in human body and plays crucial rol... more β-carotene is a carotenoid pigment that converts to vitamin A in human body and plays crucial role in visual functions, reproductive performance and immune system. Jute leaves contain β-carotene but amounts in different varieties of jute leaves are not known. The study was undertaken to estimate the β-carotene content in fresh jute leaves of the cultivated jute species Corchorus olitorius L. and Corchorus capsularis L. by spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography. βcarotene content varies in leaves of different varieties of two species. Leaves of some C. olitorius variety showed higher amount of β-carotene than the leaves of C. capsularis variety. Some varieties of C. olitorius showed similarity with some varieties of C. capsularis. Variety Robi-1 of C .olitorius showed the highest content of β-carotene 39.93mg/100g. O-72, O-4, O-3820, O-9897 and OM-1 of olitorius variety showed higher β-carotene than all the varieties of C. capsularis. JRO-524 and MG-1 of C. olitorius variety is comparable to CVL-1, D-154, BJC-2197 and deshi pat shak-1 variety of C. capsularis regarding β-carotene content. Lowest β-carotene was estimated 12.55mg/100g in O-795 of olitorius variety and 12.32mg/100g in BJC-83 and 11.34mg/100g in BJC-2142 of capsularis variety. Thin layer chromatography system silica gel on TLC Al foils as stationary phase and hexane as mobile phase performs good separation and identification of βcarotene in jute leaves.
Chapter - 9 Prevalence, Characterization and Antibiogram Profiling of Fresh Leafy, Salad Vegetables and Rotten Fruits from Different Areas of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, 2022
This study was conducted to determine the microbiological quality of fresh raw and unwa... more This study was conducted to determine the microbiological quality of
fresh raw and unwashed leafy and salad vegetables (red amaranth, spinach, carrot, radish, tomato, and cucumber), different fruits like-Sofeda, Pineapple, Grape, Banana, Apple, Orange, Guava, papaya, Jujube and Star fruit in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were bacteria and two strains of pathogenic fungi-Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were isolated. In betel leaves, both isolated fungi were showed their highest percentage of frequency (A. niger-66.66% and A. flavus-46.66%) where A. niger showed more pathogenic than A. flavus. The result of the
pathogenicity test indicates that all the isolated fungi were pathogenic to their respective samples, except orange. The two species of Aspergillus spp. were found to be associated as the predominant fungi with the rotten fruits, vegetables and betel leaves. In case of fresh leafy and salad vegetables, the total microbial load ranged from 8x10 7 to 1.70x10 8 having 7 different organisms where the most predominant organism was Vibrio sp. (23%) followed by Klebsiella sp. (20%), Acinetobacter sp. (19%), Pseudomonas sp. (19%), Salmonella sp. (8%), Moraxella sp. (8%) and Escherichia coli (3%) and 11% of the Vibrio sp. isolates were V. cholerae, found from 4 samples, but no presence of V. cholerae was observed in the tomato samples. E. coli was observed only in Carrot sample. Commercial antibiotic discs were used for antibiogram by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar medium. In case of antibiogram profiling of rotten fruits, majority exhibited resistance against Erythromycin, Vancomycin and Amoxycillin and showing sensitivity against Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. It was
observed in the current study that 100% isolates were resistant against Erythromycin, followed by Amoxycillin 90.63% and Vancomycin 86.25%, where only 35.27% isolates were resistant against Ciprofloxacin. In case of sensitivity 64.73% isolates were sensitive against Ciprofloxacin followed by Ceftriaxone 66.25%. on the contrary, in case of fresh leafy and salad vegetables, the isolated organisms were tested against antibiotics among which Imipenem showed the highest sensitivity (86%), followed by Ceftriaxone (100%), Nitrofurantoin (94%), Erythromycin (89%) and Amoxicillin (83%) had the highest resistance against the isolated organisms; however most of the isolates showed a multi-drug resistance pattern and they were resistant to at least four drugs.