Zihni Turkan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zihni Turkan

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Turkish online journal of design, art and communication, Oct 1, 2016

Kıbrıs'taki Osmanlı Dönemi (1571-1878), dini, sivil ve askeri yapılarla çeşitlilik gösteren Türk ... more Kıbrıs'taki Osmanlı Dönemi (1571-1878), dini, sivil ve askeri yapılarla çeşitlilik gösteren Türk Mimarisi eserlerini adaya kazandırmış ve günümüzdeki tarihi dokunun oluşumuna büyük katkı yapıp damgasını vurmuştur. En çok dini yapılardan camilerin örneklendiği eserler, Anadolu'daki eş zamanlı mimari eserlerle benzerlik göstermektedir. Hepsi de yerel malzeme kesme taştan inşa edilmiş, kerpiç ile ahşap da çok kullanılan diğer doğal malzemeler olmuştur. Camiler ile Evler kendi özel işlevleri ile günümüze kadar yaşamlarını sürdürmüşlerdir. Korumada yeterli bir başarı sağlanmamakla birlikte, zaman zaman gerçekleştirilen bakım, onarım ve restorasyonlarla Türk Mimarisi'nin Kıbrıs'taki izleri, geleceğe taşınmak üzere işlevli veya işlevsiz olarak varlıklarını sürdürmektedirler.

Turkish online journal of design, art and communication, Jul 1, 2017

In Traditional Turkish Houses, the design of the floor (bottom cover), walls (side cover), the ce... more In Traditional Turkish Houses, the design of the floor (bottom cover), walls (side cover), the ceiling (top cover), and the furniture elements make up the design of the interior space. The concept of "sky above, earth below" in the interior space, which has begun to take shape in the history of Turks since their tent life, has defined the floor and the ceiling. Despite the simplicity of the floors, the ornamented wooden ceilings, designed meticulously, form a characteristic. The walls are fitted with shaped wooden veneer and with functional elements of need. Various shelves, niches, wardrobes, closets, and bathing cubicles take place on the walls. The fireplace also takes place among the closets. There is very little movable furniture in the rooms. The sofas, used for sitting and sleeping are platforms, made of wood and fixed on the floor. In the XIX. century Ottoman Period houses in Cyprus, floors were covered with timber, or with local marble plaques; the marble plaques providing decoration by being laid in various geometrical shapes. Walls are quite plain. Usually, veneer is not used on walls, which have niches in the thickness of the wall, and wooden shelves, stretching at the level of the top of the doors. The ornamented, wooden window frames, surrounding the windows on the walls, and ornamented lamp niches in the main-rooms, are distinctive compared to other rooms. The simplest form of the ceiling, which is more important than the floor, is the naked one. The veneered ceilings of multi-functional rooms, and the veneered ceilings of main-rooms with decorations, form the top cover. There are no fixed fittings in rooms, such as sofas, wardrobes, closets, cupboards, or bathing cubicles. The use of movable furniture is seen in the houses in Cyprus especially towards the end of the XIX. century.

Art-sanat dergisi, Jan 27, 2022

The traditional Turkish House was formed with the Turkish life culture, beginning with the tent i... more The traditional Turkish House was formed with the Turkish life culture, beginning with the tent in Central Asia; took its final form in the 19 th century and became the typical housing character in Anatolia and other geographies under the sovereignty of the Ottomans. The planning scheme of the Turkish House, with an authentic characteristic, is designed with storeys and their use, plain front, oriel window, slanted roof with wide wooden eaves, hall, multi-functional rooms, and yard. Besides all these features, the largest and most important room of the house, forming an important characteristic, the Başoda (Mainroom) is designed by assessing the value given to guests in the living culture. The Başoda, situated in the most advantageous position in the house regarding illumination, ventilation, and scenery, also has an authentic quality in its interior elements of flooring, walls and ceiling, material, form, and ornamentation, and it in a way it reflects the traditional life philosophy. Having an important place in the rich cultural heritage of the Ottoman Period in Cyprus (1571-1878), 19 th century Turkish Houses are designed by Turkish life culture, as in other geographies, and the Başodas are designed meticulously for guests, thus forming an important characteristic. Findings of this study, the importance given to guests in the Traditional Turkish Houses shaped with the traditional life culture, can be observed in the Başodas of 19 th century houses in Cyprus.

Amazonia Investiga, Sep 22, 2019

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.c o/revist as/in dex.ph p/amaz onia-investiga o ww... more Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.c o/revist as/in dex.ph p/amaz onia-investiga o www.amazoniainvestiga .info

Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Apr 6, 2017

Architectural works from the Ottoman period in Cyprus (1571-1878), still exist in various settlem... more Architectural works from the Ottoman period in Cyprus (1571-1878), still exist in various settlements as samples of Turkish architecture on the island, and leave their mark on the historical textures. Among the religious structures in the island belonging to the Ottoman period, lodges have a significant place with "Mevlevi,

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Tourism, a socioeconomic activity generally defined as an exchange of culture, is diversified by ... more Tourism, a socioeconomic activity generally defined as an exchange of culture, is diversified by its different purposes. Ecotourism, which emerged and has been constantly developing in the last quarter century, is based on the principles of protecting the natural environment and recognising the original local culture in an interaction with the environment. As significant components of tourism activities, accommodation structures play a major role in the realisation of ecotourism. Due to its location, cultural heritage and rich history together with its Mediterranean climate, Cyprus is an especially important tourism destination for people from Middle East and European countries. The traditional living culture in this small island country has created a huge demand for ecotourism in Cyprus. The ecotourism industry in Cyprus provides housing structures restored with the traditional architectural characteristics of the island as well as new buildings. The new accommodation structures sh...

Tarihi kent dokuları, eski uygarlıkların kamusal açık alanlarını, peyzajlarını ve geleneksel yaşa... more Tarihi kent dokuları, eski uygarlıkların kamusal açık alanlarını, peyzajlarını ve geleneksel yaşam kültürlerini bünyesinde barındıran, günümüze taşıyan ve yaşatan yaşayan bir tarihtir. Kamusal açık alanları oluşturan meydanlar, insanların sosyal yaşamlarında önemli buluşma merkezleri olmuştur. Kent mobilyaları bu kamusal açık alanlarda kentin kimliğini yansıtan ve yaşam kalitesini artıran önemli unsurlardır. Kent mobilyaları, kültürel değerlerin tarihi kent dokularına yansımasını ve kullanılabilirliğini artırır. Lefkoşa'nın tarihi kent dokusunun yattığı Suriçi kent merkezi, Kıbrıs tarihindeki çeşitli uygarlıkların kültürel mirası ile oldukça zengin bir tarihi dokuya sahiptir. Doku içinde kamusal açık alanlar, Lefkoşa'nın sosyal tarihi boyunca işlevleriyle meydan niteliği kazanan meydanlar, kent insanı için halen önemli sosyal mekanlardır. Bu çalışmada, Suriçi kentin iki önemli mekanı olan Asmaaltı ve Selimiye Meydanları, kent mobilyaları malzeme, biçim, işlevsellik ve tarihi...

Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi Yakın Mimarlık Dergisi, Sep 30, 2021

Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi Yakın Mimarlık Dergisi, Mar 31, 2021

In the historical city textures that exhibit the history and cultural richness of the cities, the... more In the historical city textures that exhibit the history and cultural richness of the cities, the reconstruction activities that are generally carried out in harmony with the texture can also be done not only with the traditional approaches but also with a different approach; in other words, with contemporary designs. An important application that sets an example for contemporary interventions in historical texture in terms of material and form and texture is the building named Crystal Houses in Amsterdam, Netherlands. In this study, with the example of Crystal Houses, the harmony of the renovations carried out with contemporary design in historical urban textures according to the historical texture and ICOMOS charters, and UNESCO recommendations are examined. For this purpose, firstly, the concept of historical city texture, its importance, and traditional and contemporary approaches applied in new designs in historical textures are explained. Firstly, to conduct this study, the importance of the historical city textures and traditional and contemporary preservation approaches are explained briefly. Afterward, Crystal Houses was examined in detail, and the integration of the applications made with contemporary materials, form, texture, and color with the historical texture was revealed. The evaluations indicated that the building is renovated in a compatible manner to the international charters and recommendations. With this application, it has been observed that contemporary designs that are contrary to the traditional concept in historical textures can be compatible and respectful to historical heritage while creating unique structures.

Art-Sanat, 2022

Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 2018

ABSTRACTSelimiye Square, placed in the historical Selimiye neighborhood within the walled city of... more ABSTRACTSelimiye Square, placed in the historical Selimiye neighborhood within the walled city of Nicosia, has become an important center, shaped with the architectural heritage of different cultures throughout the history of Cyprus. The creation of the square began with the building of the St. Sophia Cathedral of the Lusignan Period, at the beginning of the 1200s, and it developed as a religious center with the addition of St. Nicholas Church and the Archbishopric right after. Although not much development in the texture, a guest house built for travelers and pilgrims (The Venetian House) and the meeting place built for the priests of the cathedral (Chapter House), continued the process of creation of the square and the religious quality of the texture. During the Ottoman Period, which was an important era for the historical urban texture of Nicosia, Turkish Architecture, a new architectural style, was added to the surroundings of Selimiye Square. St. Sophia Cathedral was turne...

Revista Amazonia Investiga, 2020

Victoria Street is the most important arterial street of Arabahmet Neighborhood, an important par... more Victoria Street is the most important arterial street of Arabahmet Neighborhood, an important part of the walled city of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, which houses the historical city texture. A cultural mosaic embodied in its architectural heritage, the formation of the street texture dates back to the Byzantine period of Cyprus. Beginning in the Lusignan period with the Armenian Church still standing today, the historical street texture did not show any development during the Venetian period. The formation of texture of Victoria Street continued in the Ottoman period, and a symbol of the street and the city, ArabahmetPaşa Mosque and XIX. Century Traditional Turkish Houses have taken place in its texture. The historical street texture saw its most important formation and development process during the British period. Besides many buildings with shops on the ground floor and houses on the upper floors built during this period, concrete buildings of shops and houses, three-floor ap...

European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2021

Historical urban textures are the whole of the open and closed public spaces with the buildings a... more Historical urban textures are the whole of the open and closed public spaces with the buildings and transportation axis, shaped by the cultural heritages of cities. One of the most important elements in historical urban textures, bringing dwellers with nature, and giving life to the city, are landscape spaces. The capital of Cyprus, Nicosia, also has a very rich historical texture. Within this context, the aim of this study is to examine the landscape of the historical urban texture of Nicosia from the past to the present, within the whole of various cultural periods including the present day status. Therefore, the development of Nicosia through the historical process is given right after the introduction. After the introduction, landscape of walled city of Nicosia was examined through the historical periods: Lusignan Period, Venetian Period, Ottoman Period, British Period, Republic of Cyprus Period, and the present day period, TRNC Period.

The Ottoman Period in Cyprus (1571-1878) brought the island Turkish Architectural works in a vari... more The Ottoman Period in Cyprus (1571-1878) brought the island Turkish Architectural works in a variety of constructions such as religious, civilian, and military, and greatly contributed to the development of present day historical texture by leaving its mark. Mosques, being the major religious buildings, show resemblance with their contemporary architectural works in Anatolia. They were all constructed with local, hewn stone; mud-brick and timber were also widely used natural materials. Mosques and houses have survived to the present with their special functions. Although a satisfactory success has not been achieved in preservation, the traces of Turkish Architecture in Cyprus still survive with occasional maintenance, repairing, and restorations, to carry them to the future, whether they survive functioning or nonfunctioning.

Historical urban textures and cultural heritages bridging the past and the present. Showing a de... more Historical urban textures and cultural heritages bridging the past and the present. Showing a development through the historical process, these spaces reach the present as a cultural mosaic, and have an important effect on the identity that cities possess. As the most important component of historical textures, green spaces bring together textures with nature, and give life to them. Preserving historical textures together with urban landscape with correct planning policies is of great importance for their sustainability and survival into the future. Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, has possessed a very rich historical texture with the cultural heritages from the periods of past civilizations. The historical texture in the walled city, which is in a central position, could not preserve the rich landscape in its past, and reached the present almost deprived of green. In our study, Yigitler Bastion Park, a green area, which is an important green area in the historical city texture o...

International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2021

The concept of housing began with the existence of people in this world with the need for sanctua... more The concept of housing began with the existence of people in this world with the need for sanctuary to isolate themselves from the physical environment and from other living creatures, and starting with the most primitive, hand-made places, evolved to the present. Different life cultures and different social needs, in parallel with the process of human development, resulted in various types of housing. Of these types of housing, Studio Houses, which provide the basic living functions within minimum space–mostly in a single space, have become a much-preferred house type by individuals living alone, and by students in the present day living conditions. The aim of this study is to examine the standard type interior organizations of the studio houses constructed in large numbers for students in North Cyprus, which is a university country. The study also aims at presenting design criteria for alternative studio-type houses with different fittings and interior designs meeting the needs of...

TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION, 2018

European Journal of Sustainable Development, 1970

The formation of the historical city texture of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, began during the ... more The formation of the historical city texture of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, began during the Lusignan Period. St. Sophia Cathedral and St. Catherine Church, which have an important place in the formation of the texture, are two of the few works of art still surviving today. Being a period of destruction for the city, in general, The Venetian Period provided the city walls to Nicosia which still surround the historical texture. The Ottoman Period brought a change to the historical city texture and Islamic culture and Turkish Architectural construction style replaced the Christian cultures. A number of architectural works from this period, still existing within the walled city of Nicosia, provided a great contribution to the formation and development of the present day texture, as well as for its sustainability. The British Period is one which brought novelty to the city texture of Nicosia. With demolition of historical works and changes in the street and square dimensions, ...