alexis troude - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by alexis troude

Institute for political studies eBooks, Dec 31, 2022

Serbia, a country of 7 million inhabitants that experienced its rebirth in 2006 with the end of t... more Serbia, a country of 7 million inhabitants that experienced its rebirth in 2006 with the end of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, faces several challenges in 2020. Its Euro-Atlantic integration is progressing gradually, but not as fast as expected. Although the EU accession negotiations show strong cooperation between the Serbian government and the EU, integration into the EU will not take place until 2028. Moreover, official Serbia, still plagued by the 1999 bombings of the whole country, cannot impose the entry into the Atlantic Pact on a reluctant population. This situation places it in a difficult situation, with neighbours already (Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, and Montenegro) or in the process of entering NATO (North Macedonia quickly, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Kosovo later). The neutrality policy pursued by the Serbian governments for several years has led it to rebalance the strong political and economic presence of the West. Relations with Russia are in full swing, with numerous military agreements and the revival of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline, but also through the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of Russian national companies in the field of transport and energy. China has become a major partner of Serbia, which is leading an all-around industrial and logistical geopolitics in Serbia; the Silk Road project places Serbia at the heart of the deployment of Chinese companies in Europe. Finally, Turkey, through numerous visits by Mr. Erdogan, has become a strong partner. With an important number of military and commercial agreements, Turkey is managing more than 800 societies. In this perspective of the reorientation of interests, what are its strategic interests? Serbian diplomacy takes up the frameworks and orientations of the Non-Alignment policy, which began at the time of the Cold War. The best example is the number of supports among emerging countries that it found in her ardent defence of Kosovo and Metohija within her territorial framework. More than 54% of humanity and all the greatest nations follow it in this policy: China, Russia, and Brazil. The great Muslim nations, more than half of African countries, and two-thirds of Asian

Convergence and Confrontation: The Balkans and the Middle East in the 21st Century, 2021

International Organizations and States’ Response to COVID-19, 2021

The health crisis is indicative of France’s delays in the health field. The government has not be... more The health crisis is indicative of France’s delays in the health field. The government has not been able to buy enough masks, nor has it been able to stimulate a national mask industry as in Serbia. Then the decontamination in the summer of 2020 was done without any medical measures and the testing policy was conducted without rules or isolation of the patients. Finally even the battle of vaccines was lost by France which despite the Institut Pasteur failed to create a vaccine -while the laboratories AstraZenaca and Pfizer are led by French!

But this health crisis has also revealed the French administrative burden. Based on a Jacobin model, the French administration was very slow to grant the necessary permits: masks, tests, vaccines. In addition, the measures were badly experienced because they still concern the entire national territory and made no distinction between contaminated zone and green zone, fraudsters and the majority of French who applied the measures.
But all this has given rise to coercive measures that are beginning to weigh on the psyche of the population, but also on the fundamental laws. In two weeks, the authorities distributed 177,000 fines, sometimes at 6:03 pm when leaving grocery stores. No public place (cafes, restaurants, theatres, museums) has been open since September 2020, which has led to numerous complaints from private actors before various courts.

The health crisis has finally revealed social and economic inequalities in France. Taking up a Marxist analysis, the richest linked to globalization continued to travel, to do business and to take refuge in telework in their secondary residence in the provinces and the popular classes continued to be supported by a state suddenly become protective thanks to a massive and unique system of partial unemployment in the world. Between the two, the middle classes have been sacrificed, continue to go to work, using public transport and undergoing traffic restriction measures.

Confluences Méditerranée, 2007

Balcanica, 2006

Les relations franco-serbes au sein de l'Armée d'Orient - La Serbie en  : un allié ré... more Les relations franco-serbes au sein de l'Armée d'Orient - La Serbie en  : un allié récent mais solide de la France . La Serbie dans le jeu des puissances .. Liens politiques, culturels et militaires France/Serbie (-) Les liens entre la France et la Serbie étaient à la fois très solides et ténus depuis le retour de la dynastie des Karadjordjević en Serbie en ,  mais ils dénotaient en même temps une profonde méconnaissance des Serbes et de la Serbie par les Français avant la Première Guerre mondiale. Le publiciste Pierre de Lanux a bien décrit en  la totale méconnaissance des caractères ethniques de chaque peuple balkanique par les Français lorsque le conflit mondial commença. Ainsi, les Serbes étaient pris pour des « montagnards » et des « orientaux au caractère indolent et fuyant » ; l' envoyé français en poste à Belgrade entre  et  évoquera même leur « somnolence coutumière ».  Par ailleurs, la presse française avait l'habitude de parler des Serbes, mais seulement en les présentant sous une seule facette et de manière parfois dédaigneuse. Selon des journaux comme le Temps ou l'Illustration, c' étaient des « éleveurs de porcs » aux moeurs orientales et violentes. On les confondait souvent avec les Bulgares et le coup d'Etat sanglant de , où le dernier descendant de la dynastie Obrenović fut assassiné, était resté dans les mémoires. Dans ces journaux à grand tirage, on estimait peu la stratégie et l' organisation militaire des Serbes, mais on s'intéressait surtout à leur goût pour le chant et les poèmes épiques. Les Français, à la veille du conflit, avaient en fait peur des velléités combatives des Serbes : lorsqu' Henri Barby,

Russian History, 2011

This article critically examines contemporary narratives which frame Serbian politics as a confli... more This article critically examines contemporary narratives which frame Serbian politics as a conflict between supporters of a pro-European Union (EU) policy and supporters of closer ties with Russia. Contrary to this narrative, contemporary Serbian political actors increasingly present policies and platforms oriented towards both the European Union and Russia. These developments reflect the contradictory legacies arising from the history of Serbian and Russian diplomatic relations along with the sometimes ambivalent implications of Russia's stance on the issue of Kosovo's independence, Serbian public attitudes towards Russia, and recent developments in Serbian-Russian economic relations. Given the long time frame for EU membership and the current impasse over issues like Kosovo and Serbia's potential NATO membership, Serbia's leaders currently enjoy the luxury of simultaneously deepening ties with both the EU and Russia. However, a future linkage between Kosovo's i...