amit agarwal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Endocrine Surgery Made Easy, 2009
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design - ISLPED '03, 2003
Scaling devices while maintaining reasonable short channel immunity requires gate oxide thickness... more Scaling devices while maintaining reasonable short channel immunity requires gate oxide thickness of less than 20A o for CMOS devices beyond the 70nm technology node. Low oxide thickness gives rise to considerable direct tunneling current (gate leakage). Power dissipation in large caches is dominated by the gate and sub-threshold leakage current. This paper proposes a novel cache that has high noise immunity with improved leakage power. For every bank of SRAM cells, this technique requires an extra diode in parallel with a gated-ground transistor connected between the source of NMOS transistors and ground in SRAM cells. The row decoder itself can be used to control the extra gated-Ground transistor. Our simulation results on 70nm process (Berkeley Predictive Technology Model augmented with our gate leakage model) show 39.2% reduction in consumed energy (leakage + dynamic) in L1 cache and 59.4% reduction in L2 cache energy with less than 2.5% impact on execution time. The technique is applicable to data and instruction caches as well as different levels of cache hierarchy such as the L1, L2, or L3 caches.
World Journal of Surgery, 2009
Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients wi... more Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with benign breast disorders (BBD). We then asked if thyroxine replacement in hypothyroid patients has any impact on the clinical outcome of the BBD. Methods This prospective study included 201 women with BBD. None of the included patients had previously suspected hypothyroidism. Clinical, laboratory, and follow-up details of the patients were noted. Baseline serum thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin estimation was done in all cases. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) estimation was done in hypothyroid patients and/or patients with a goiter. In addition to the standard conservative management protocol, hypothyroid patients were given thyroxine replacement therapy. Their response to treatment was assessed at 3-month intervals. The clinical outcomes of euthyroid and hypothyroid groups were compared. Results The mean age of the patients was 34 ± 8 years, and the mean length of follow-up was 13.0 ± 4.2 months. The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was 23.2% (nipple discharge 37%, mastalgia 23%, lump/lumpiness 17.4%). The rate of hypothyroidism and the mean serum TSH concentration were significantly higher among patients with nipple discharge than among those with mastalgia (P = 0.001) or a lump (P = 0.01). In all, 39% of hypothyroid women had TSH concentrations [10 mIU/l, and 53% had an elevated TPOAb titer. BBD symptoms were alleviated in 83% of the hypothyroid patients with only thyroxine replacement. The final clinical outcomes of hypothyroid patients with nipple discharge and mastalgia were significantly better than that of their euthyroid counterparts (P = 0.028 and 0.001, respectively); no significant difference was noted in patients with lumpiness (P = 0.144). Conclusions All women with BBD should be screened for hypothyroidism because the prevalence of hypothyroidism is high among this group and correction of hypothyroidism results in significant clinical improvement of BBD in most of these patients. P. R. K. Bhargav and A. Mishra have equally contributed to this study.
Endocrine Surgery Made Easy, 2009
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design - ISLPED '03, 2003
Scaling devices while maintaining reasonable short channel immunity requires gate oxide thickness... more Scaling devices while maintaining reasonable short channel immunity requires gate oxide thickness of less than 20A o for CMOS devices beyond the 70nm technology node. Low oxide thickness gives rise to considerable direct tunneling current (gate leakage). Power dissipation in large caches is dominated by the gate and sub-threshold leakage current. This paper proposes a novel cache that has high noise immunity with improved leakage power. For every bank of SRAM cells, this technique requires an extra diode in parallel with a gated-ground transistor connected between the source of NMOS transistors and ground in SRAM cells. The row decoder itself can be used to control the extra gated-Ground transistor. Our simulation results on 70nm process (Berkeley Predictive Technology Model augmented with our gate leakage model) show 39.2% reduction in consumed energy (leakage + dynamic) in L1 cache and 59.4% reduction in L2 cache energy with less than 2.5% impact on execution time. The technique is applicable to data and instruction caches as well as different levels of cache hierarchy such as the L1, L2, or L3 caches.
World Journal of Surgery, 2009
Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients wi... more Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with benign breast disorders (BBD). We then asked if thyroxine replacement in hypothyroid patients has any impact on the clinical outcome of the BBD. Methods This prospective study included 201 women with BBD. None of the included patients had previously suspected hypothyroidism. Clinical, laboratory, and follow-up details of the patients were noted. Baseline serum thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin estimation was done in all cases. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) estimation was done in hypothyroid patients and/or patients with a goiter. In addition to the standard conservative management protocol, hypothyroid patients were given thyroxine replacement therapy. Their response to treatment was assessed at 3-month intervals. The clinical outcomes of euthyroid and hypothyroid groups were compared. Results The mean age of the patients was 34 ± 8 years, and the mean length of follow-up was 13.0 ± 4.2 months. The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was 23.2% (nipple discharge 37%, mastalgia 23%, lump/lumpiness 17.4%). The rate of hypothyroidism and the mean serum TSH concentration were significantly higher among patients with nipple discharge than among those with mastalgia (P = 0.001) or a lump (P = 0.01). In all, 39% of hypothyroid women had TSH concentrations [10 mIU/l, and 53% had an elevated TPOAb titer. BBD symptoms were alleviated in 83% of the hypothyroid patients with only thyroxine replacement. The final clinical outcomes of hypothyroid patients with nipple discharge and mastalgia were significantly better than that of their euthyroid counterparts (P = 0.028 and 0.001, respectively); no significant difference was noted in patients with lumpiness (P = 0.144). Conclusions All women with BBD should be screened for hypothyroidism because the prevalence of hypothyroidism is high among this group and correction of hypothyroidism results in significant clinical improvement of BBD in most of these patients. P. R. K. Bhargav and A. Mishra have equally contributed to this study.