M avazpour - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by M avazpour
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2016
Chlorophenols are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that must be removed before dischar... more Chlorophenols are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that must be removed before discharging into the environment. In this study, montmorillonite (Mt) modified with two cationic surfactants (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, HDTMA, and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, TTAB) was used to remove 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of various factors such as surfactant loading rate, contact time, pH, adsorbate content, solution ion strength and temperature was investigated on the sorption. The sorption uptake of 4-CP was increased by increasing the surfactants loaded onto the Mt up to 150% CEC (cation exchange capacity) of the clay. The contact time of 10 min and 45 min and pH of 11 were found to be as the optimum for the sorption of 4-CP by HDTMA-Mt and TTAB-Mt, respectively. The sorption capacity of 4-CP by the sorbents at the equilibrium was 29.96 mg/g for HDTMA-Mt and 25.90 mg/g for TTAB-Mt. The results also indicated that the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model well described the sorption process than other models. It is obvious that the surfactant modified montmorillonite, especially HDTMA type, in comparison with raw Mt was more efficient sorbent to remove 4-CP from aqueous solutions.
Environmental Health Engineering and Management, 2017
Background: Today in the world, disease resulting from food is considered one of the most importa... more Background: Today in the world, disease resulting from food is considered one of the most important problems in public health. This study aimed to determine the bacterial contamination of ready-to-eat foods, i.e. fast food, in Ilam city. Methods: In this cross-sectional, analytical study, 270 samples of ready-to-eat food, including pizza, frankfurters, and sausages, were randomly collected and tested for contamination with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella arizonae, and Enterococcus faecalis. After examination, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software and logistic regression. Results: From a total of 270 samples of ready-to-eat food, 27.77% was contaminated with E. coli, 21.48% with S. aureus, 13.33% with S. sonnei, 14.44% with S. arizonae, and 5.9% with E. faecalis. The results showed higher rates of E. coli and S. aureus contamination in pizza, frankfurters, and sausages. Also, a higher percentage of frankfurters were contaminated with microbial species than pizza or sausages. There were significant differences in microbial contamination rates (P < 0.05) among the three groups of food. In addition, factors such as indicators (health, sanitation, and lack of hygiene), age, gender, and education level of the operating staff had no effect on the results. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that bacterial contamination of ready-to-eat foods is significantly high in the city of Ilam; therefore, it is suggested that the examination of food in various stages of production and distribution can help reduce bacterial contamination, and training for the operators of shopping centers' ready-to-eat food shops and controlling pathogens are essential.
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016
Arsenic is a critical contaminant for aqueous environments as it poses harmful health risks.To me... more Arsenic is a critical contaminant for aqueous environments as it poses harmful health risks.To meet the stringent regulations regarding the presence of arsenic in aqueous solutions, the feasibility of montmorillonite clay modified with hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride as the adsorbent was tested for the removal of arsenic ions from aqueous solutions. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study confirmed that the organically modified nanoclay (ONC) adsorbent had a porous structure with a vast adsorbent surface.The x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis proved the presence of carbon in the structure of the modified nanoclay that can be evidence for the creation of ONC. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results confirm the existence of four main groups of minerals, carbonate (Calcite), clay (Askmtyt and Kandyt), silicate (Quartz), and phyllosilicate (Kaolinite), in the ONC structure.The influence of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial arsenite concentration, and contact time on arsenic adsorption onto ONC was investigated. A 2 5 full factorial central composite experimental design was applied. A central composite design under response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of independent variables on arsenite removal and to determine the optimum condition. The experimental values were in a good fit with the ones predicted by the model. The optimal operating points (adsorbent dosage: 3.7 g L −1 , surfactant dosage: 3 g L −1 and the contact time: 37.2 min) giving maximum arsenite removal (95.95%) were found using Solver "Add-ins" in Microsoft Excel 2010.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014
ABSTRACT
CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 2013
The experimental design methodology was used to model and optimize the operational parameters of ... more The experimental design methodology was used to model and optimize the operational parameters of the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 73 using immobilized TiO 2 nanoparticles. Four experimental parameters were chosen as independent variables: pH, initial dye concentration, H 2 O 2 concentration, and anion concentration. A multivariate experimental design was used to establish a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the efficiency of Acid Red 73 degradation (response) and four independent variables. The degradation efficiency was significantly affected by the initial dye concentration and the pH. The optimal values of the parameters were found to be a pH of 3, an initial dye concentration of 25 mg/L, an H 2 O 2 concentration of 0.5 mg/L, and an anion concentration of 0.69 mg/L. The degradation efficiency approached 92.24% under optimal conditions. Regression analysis with an R 2 value of 0.9785 indicated a satisfactory correlation between the experimental data and predicted values.
Environmental Health Engineering and Management, 2017
Background: The presence of heavy metals in water resources above threshold levels can be toxic a... more Background: The presence of heavy metals in water resources above threshold levels can be toxic and carcinogenic for consumers. This study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in the drinking water distribution network and resources of the city of Ilam in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study from 6 sources of water supply and also, different parts of the water supply system of Ilam city, samples were collected based on standard sampling methods. The samples were tested with a BRAIC atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results: The concentration of zinc in all water sources of the city of Ilam was higher than WHO guidelines and Iranian standard 1053. Contamination by cobalt, arsenic and lead from Ilam dam, Pich-e Ashoori well and Haft Cheshmeh well was higher than national and international standards. The amount of cobalt and mercury at Ilam dam was significantly different from the levels at other sources (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of pesticides in the agricultural sector, contamination of water by human waste and aged and worn water pipes are the likely sources of the increased concentrations of heavy metals, especially lead and arsenic. Because there is a cumulative effect from these metals, appropriate measures are necessary by the relevant agencies to address this problem.
Nowadays, due to the extensive use of mobile phones and their portability, exposure to the electr... more Nowadays, due to the extensive use of mobile phones and their portability, exposure to the electromagnetic non-ionizing waves is inevitable. Several research has studies the association between the malignant brain tumor of Glioma and the use of mobile phone, the results of which were contradictory. Therefore, the present study intended to conduct a systematic meta-analysis review on the association between the use of mobile phone and the risk of malignant brain tumor. Using the quality assessment scale of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), it was realized that 7 out of 9 case-control studies and 2 out of 3 Cohort studies ranked high. In overall, 12 studies (9 case-control and 3 Cohort) were reviewed in the present metaanalysis. The heterogeneity of case-control and cohort studies was respectively 81% (P˂0.001) and 47% (P=0.048) and in overall it was 79% (P˂0.001). The mean odds ratio of case-control and cohort studies was estimated about REM=1.03 (P=0.762), FEM=0.91 (P=0.597) respectivel...
Journal of paramedical sciences, 2013
Vegetables, used in preparing salads, are most important part of the diet. These materials are of... more Vegetables, used in preparing salads, are most important part of the diet. These materials are often irrigated by untreated urban wastewater. Wastewater, contaminated with ova of parasites, bacteria and protozoa, are used as fertilizers and it can cause a variety of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study is detection of microbial contamination of salad used in Ilam’s restaurants. In this study, 42 samples were collected from all restaurants placed in Ilam city and transferred to the laboratory. Brilliant Green Medium, Trypton water and Coax reagent used for detection of Escherichia coli . Water broth, Selenit systein, Tetrationat, Salmonella-shigella agar and Briliant green was used for identification of salmonella . For detection of Enterococcus, KF agar medium containing a diphenyl Tetrazolium chloride was used. Sabro dextrose agar medium (SDA) was used for detection of mold and yeast and wet mount and concentration methods used for parasitology investigations. The results...
Radon 222 is a natural radioactive element with 3.825 days half-life. 222Rnis colorless and odorl... more Radon 222 is a natural radioactive element with 3.825 days half-life. 222Rnis colorless and odorless with high solubility in water. The presence of 222Rnin drinking water can lead to lung or stomach cancers through chronic exposure per inhalation or ingestion. Different age groups have different sensitivity to the health effects of 222Radon. In this cross-sectional study, the concentration of 222Rnin the 8 regions of Bandar Abbas city in 48 samples of tap water was measured by portable Radon meter RTM1688-2 model on June 2015. The effective dose by tap water was also calculated in different age groups through UNSCEAR equation. The range and mean concentration of 222Rnis 0.87-0.384 Bq/l and 0.232±0.7 Bq/l, respectively. The mean of the effective dose of exposure for the age groups was 0.0024±0.0007, 0.0018±0.0005, 0.0007±0.0002 and 0.001±0.0003 m Sv/y, respectively for adult males, adult females, children and infants. The magnitude’s order of measured doses of studied age groups was:...
Lung cancer is the most common cause of death in the world. Selenium is one of the elements that ... more Lung cancer is the most common cause of death in the world. Selenium is one of the elements that are recommended for the treatment of lung cancer. Therefore, in this study by carrying out a systematic review and a meta-analysis we tried to evaluate the relationship between selenium in serum, toenail and supplements and the risk of lung cancer. After searching the databases SID, Irandoc, Scopus, Pubmed and ISI Web of Science with the check-list of STROBE, 15 studies were estimated by meta-analysis. The variables affecting the heterogeneity of studies were determined by the method of moment base. The heterogeneity of studies was moderate (I2= 70.5, P value <0.001). Hence the metaanalysis was conducted on the basis of the random effect model. The mean of ratio of lung cancer in studies of selenium supplements was equal to OR = 0.82 (95 CI: 0.47-1.42, P value = 0.5), in the studies of selenium in serum it was equal to OR=0.7 (95 CI: 0.45-1.07, P value = 0.1) and in the studies of sel...
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Jan 20, 2018
One of the most important pathways for exposure to metals is drinking water ingestion. Chronic or... more One of the most important pathways for exposure to metals is drinking water ingestion. Chronic or acute exposure to metals can endanger the health of the exposed population, and hence, estimation of human health risks is crucial. In the current study for the first time, the concentrations of Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Cobalt (Co) in 120 collected tap water samples (2015, July-November) from Ilam city, Iran were investigated using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Also, the metal-induced carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for consumers exposed to tap drinking water were calculated. The average (range) concentrations of Hg, Zn, As, Pb and Co were defined as 0.40 ± 0.10 μg/L (ND-0.9 μg/L), 5014 ± 5707 μg/L (2900.00-5668.33 μg/L), 21.008 ± 2.876 μg/L (3.5-62 μg/L), 30.38 ± 5.56 μg/L (6-87 μg/L), and 11.34 ± 1.61 μg/L (0.1-50 μg/L), respectively. Average concentrations of all examined metals were significantly higher than WHO and national standard ...
Background and objective: Food colorings are natural and synthetic dyes that are added to food im... more Background and objective: Food colorings are natural and synthetic dyes that are added to food improve appearance and uniformity. Colorings can cause complications like asthma, a weakened immune system, and can even have carcinogenic effects on the human body. This study investigated the use of food coloring at a confectionary in the city of Ilam, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 samples of dry and fresh pastries were collected using random sampling and their coloring agents were extracted and purified using the hydrochloric acid extraction method. Thin layer chromatography was used to analyze the samples. Results: Of the samples tested, 13.89% (25 samples) contained no coloring and 86.1% contained coloring. Non-permitted coloring agents were found in 22 samples (12.22%); 91 samples (50.55%) contained permitted synthetic colors and 42 (23.33%) contained natural colors. Quinoline yellow was the most common edible coloring used in the confectionery. Conclusions: This study highlighted the need for increased awareness of confectionary workers to reduce the use of non-permitted coloring in confectionery products and to replace them with natural colors to preserve community health.
Journal of Chemistry, 2013
A novel, simple, and more sensitive spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the deter... more A novel, simple, and more sensitive spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the determination of vitamin B2(riboflavin) by an aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE). An ATPE is formed mostly by water and does not require an organic solvent. Other ATPE components used in this study were the polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and some salts such as Na2SO4and Na2CO3. The method is based on the interaction between vitamin B2(riboflavin) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in an acidic medium (pH 6.4). The influences of effective parameters such as salt (type and concentration), polyethylene glycol (molecular weight and concentration), temperature, centrifuging time, and pH of the sample solution were studied and optimized. The linear range was 1.3–320 ng/mL (R2=0.9991;n=10) with the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 60 ng/mL 3.68%. The limit of detection (LOD) calculated from three times of standard deviation of blank were 0.2 ng/mL and recoveries from analysis of real samples bet...
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2016
Chlorophenols are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that must be removed before dischar... more Chlorophenols are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that must be removed before discharging into the environment. In this study, montmorillonite (Mt) modified with two cationic surfactants (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, HDTMA, and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, TTAB) was used to remove 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of various factors such as surfactant loading rate, contact time, pH, adsorbate content, solution ion strength and temperature was investigated on the sorption. The sorption uptake of 4-CP was increased by increasing the surfactants loaded onto the Mt up to 150% CEC (cation exchange capacity) of the clay. The contact time of 10 min and 45 min and pH of 11 were found to be as the optimum for the sorption of 4-CP by HDTMA-Mt and TTAB-Mt, respectively. The sorption capacity of 4-CP by the sorbents at the equilibrium was 29.96 mg/g for HDTMA-Mt and 25.90 mg/g for TTAB-Mt. The results also indicated that the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model well described the sorption process than other models. It is obvious that the surfactant modified montmorillonite, especially HDTMA type, in comparison with raw Mt was more efficient sorbent to remove 4-CP from aqueous solutions.
Environmental Health Engineering and Management, 2017
Background: Today in the world, disease resulting from food is considered one of the most importa... more Background: Today in the world, disease resulting from food is considered one of the most important problems in public health. This study aimed to determine the bacterial contamination of ready-to-eat foods, i.e. fast food, in Ilam city. Methods: In this cross-sectional, analytical study, 270 samples of ready-to-eat food, including pizza, frankfurters, and sausages, were randomly collected and tested for contamination with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella arizonae, and Enterococcus faecalis. After examination, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software and logistic regression. Results: From a total of 270 samples of ready-to-eat food, 27.77% was contaminated with E. coli, 21.48% with S. aureus, 13.33% with S. sonnei, 14.44% with S. arizonae, and 5.9% with E. faecalis. The results showed higher rates of E. coli and S. aureus contamination in pizza, frankfurters, and sausages. Also, a higher percentage of frankfurters were contaminated with microbial species than pizza or sausages. There were significant differences in microbial contamination rates (P < 0.05) among the three groups of food. In addition, factors such as indicators (health, sanitation, and lack of hygiene), age, gender, and education level of the operating staff had no effect on the results. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that bacterial contamination of ready-to-eat foods is significantly high in the city of Ilam; therefore, it is suggested that the examination of food in various stages of production and distribution can help reduce bacterial contamination, and training for the operators of shopping centers' ready-to-eat food shops and controlling pathogens are essential.
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016
Arsenic is a critical contaminant for aqueous environments as it poses harmful health risks.To me... more Arsenic is a critical contaminant for aqueous environments as it poses harmful health risks.To meet the stringent regulations regarding the presence of arsenic in aqueous solutions, the feasibility of montmorillonite clay modified with hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride as the adsorbent was tested for the removal of arsenic ions from aqueous solutions. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study confirmed that the organically modified nanoclay (ONC) adsorbent had a porous structure with a vast adsorbent surface.The x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis proved the presence of carbon in the structure of the modified nanoclay that can be evidence for the creation of ONC. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results confirm the existence of four main groups of minerals, carbonate (Calcite), clay (Askmtyt and Kandyt), silicate (Quartz), and phyllosilicate (Kaolinite), in the ONC structure.The influence of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial arsenite concentration, and contact time on arsenic adsorption onto ONC was investigated. A 2 5 full factorial central composite experimental design was applied. A central composite design under response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of independent variables on arsenite removal and to determine the optimum condition. The experimental values were in a good fit with the ones predicted by the model. The optimal operating points (adsorbent dosage: 3.7 g L −1 , surfactant dosage: 3 g L −1 and the contact time: 37.2 min) giving maximum arsenite removal (95.95%) were found using Solver "Add-ins" in Microsoft Excel 2010.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014
ABSTRACT
CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 2013
The experimental design methodology was used to model and optimize the operational parameters of ... more The experimental design methodology was used to model and optimize the operational parameters of the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 73 using immobilized TiO 2 nanoparticles. Four experimental parameters were chosen as independent variables: pH, initial dye concentration, H 2 O 2 concentration, and anion concentration. A multivariate experimental design was used to establish a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the efficiency of Acid Red 73 degradation (response) and four independent variables. The degradation efficiency was significantly affected by the initial dye concentration and the pH. The optimal values of the parameters were found to be a pH of 3, an initial dye concentration of 25 mg/L, an H 2 O 2 concentration of 0.5 mg/L, and an anion concentration of 0.69 mg/L. The degradation efficiency approached 92.24% under optimal conditions. Regression analysis with an R 2 value of 0.9785 indicated a satisfactory correlation between the experimental data and predicted values.
Environmental Health Engineering and Management, 2017
Background: The presence of heavy metals in water resources above threshold levels can be toxic a... more Background: The presence of heavy metals in water resources above threshold levels can be toxic and carcinogenic for consumers. This study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in the drinking water distribution network and resources of the city of Ilam in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study from 6 sources of water supply and also, different parts of the water supply system of Ilam city, samples were collected based on standard sampling methods. The samples were tested with a BRAIC atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results: The concentration of zinc in all water sources of the city of Ilam was higher than WHO guidelines and Iranian standard 1053. Contamination by cobalt, arsenic and lead from Ilam dam, Pich-e Ashoori well and Haft Cheshmeh well was higher than national and international standards. The amount of cobalt and mercury at Ilam dam was significantly different from the levels at other sources (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of pesticides in the agricultural sector, contamination of water by human waste and aged and worn water pipes are the likely sources of the increased concentrations of heavy metals, especially lead and arsenic. Because there is a cumulative effect from these metals, appropriate measures are necessary by the relevant agencies to address this problem.
Nowadays, due to the extensive use of mobile phones and their portability, exposure to the electr... more Nowadays, due to the extensive use of mobile phones and their portability, exposure to the electromagnetic non-ionizing waves is inevitable. Several research has studies the association between the malignant brain tumor of Glioma and the use of mobile phone, the results of which were contradictory. Therefore, the present study intended to conduct a systematic meta-analysis review on the association between the use of mobile phone and the risk of malignant brain tumor. Using the quality assessment scale of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), it was realized that 7 out of 9 case-control studies and 2 out of 3 Cohort studies ranked high. In overall, 12 studies (9 case-control and 3 Cohort) were reviewed in the present metaanalysis. The heterogeneity of case-control and cohort studies was respectively 81% (P˂0.001) and 47% (P=0.048) and in overall it was 79% (P˂0.001). The mean odds ratio of case-control and cohort studies was estimated about REM=1.03 (P=0.762), FEM=0.91 (P=0.597) respectivel...
Journal of paramedical sciences, 2013
Vegetables, used in preparing salads, are most important part of the diet. These materials are of... more Vegetables, used in preparing salads, are most important part of the diet. These materials are often irrigated by untreated urban wastewater. Wastewater, contaminated with ova of parasites, bacteria and protozoa, are used as fertilizers and it can cause a variety of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study is detection of microbial contamination of salad used in Ilam’s restaurants. In this study, 42 samples were collected from all restaurants placed in Ilam city and transferred to the laboratory. Brilliant Green Medium, Trypton water and Coax reagent used for detection of Escherichia coli . Water broth, Selenit systein, Tetrationat, Salmonella-shigella agar and Briliant green was used for identification of salmonella . For detection of Enterococcus, KF agar medium containing a diphenyl Tetrazolium chloride was used. Sabro dextrose agar medium (SDA) was used for detection of mold and yeast and wet mount and concentration methods used for parasitology investigations. The results...
Radon 222 is a natural radioactive element with 3.825 days half-life. 222Rnis colorless and odorl... more Radon 222 is a natural radioactive element with 3.825 days half-life. 222Rnis colorless and odorless with high solubility in water. The presence of 222Rnin drinking water can lead to lung or stomach cancers through chronic exposure per inhalation or ingestion. Different age groups have different sensitivity to the health effects of 222Radon. In this cross-sectional study, the concentration of 222Rnin the 8 regions of Bandar Abbas city in 48 samples of tap water was measured by portable Radon meter RTM1688-2 model on June 2015. The effective dose by tap water was also calculated in different age groups through UNSCEAR equation. The range and mean concentration of 222Rnis 0.87-0.384 Bq/l and 0.232±0.7 Bq/l, respectively. The mean of the effective dose of exposure for the age groups was 0.0024±0.0007, 0.0018±0.0005, 0.0007±0.0002 and 0.001±0.0003 m Sv/y, respectively for adult males, adult females, children and infants. The magnitude’s order of measured doses of studied age groups was:...
Lung cancer is the most common cause of death in the world. Selenium is one of the elements that ... more Lung cancer is the most common cause of death in the world. Selenium is one of the elements that are recommended for the treatment of lung cancer. Therefore, in this study by carrying out a systematic review and a meta-analysis we tried to evaluate the relationship between selenium in serum, toenail and supplements and the risk of lung cancer. After searching the databases SID, Irandoc, Scopus, Pubmed and ISI Web of Science with the check-list of STROBE, 15 studies were estimated by meta-analysis. The variables affecting the heterogeneity of studies were determined by the method of moment base. The heterogeneity of studies was moderate (I2= 70.5, P value <0.001). Hence the metaanalysis was conducted on the basis of the random effect model. The mean of ratio of lung cancer in studies of selenium supplements was equal to OR = 0.82 (95 CI: 0.47-1.42, P value = 0.5), in the studies of selenium in serum it was equal to OR=0.7 (95 CI: 0.45-1.07, P value = 0.1) and in the studies of sel...
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Jan 20, 2018
One of the most important pathways for exposure to metals is drinking water ingestion. Chronic or... more One of the most important pathways for exposure to metals is drinking water ingestion. Chronic or acute exposure to metals can endanger the health of the exposed population, and hence, estimation of human health risks is crucial. In the current study for the first time, the concentrations of Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Cobalt (Co) in 120 collected tap water samples (2015, July-November) from Ilam city, Iran were investigated using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Also, the metal-induced carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for consumers exposed to tap drinking water were calculated. The average (range) concentrations of Hg, Zn, As, Pb and Co were defined as 0.40 ± 0.10 μg/L (ND-0.9 μg/L), 5014 ± 5707 μg/L (2900.00-5668.33 μg/L), 21.008 ± 2.876 μg/L (3.5-62 μg/L), 30.38 ± 5.56 μg/L (6-87 μg/L), and 11.34 ± 1.61 μg/L (0.1-50 μg/L), respectively. Average concentrations of all examined metals were significantly higher than WHO and national standard ...
Background and objective: Food colorings are natural and synthetic dyes that are added to food im... more Background and objective: Food colorings are natural and synthetic dyes that are added to food improve appearance and uniformity. Colorings can cause complications like asthma, a weakened immune system, and can even have carcinogenic effects on the human body. This study investigated the use of food coloring at a confectionary in the city of Ilam, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 samples of dry and fresh pastries were collected using random sampling and their coloring agents were extracted and purified using the hydrochloric acid extraction method. Thin layer chromatography was used to analyze the samples. Results: Of the samples tested, 13.89% (25 samples) contained no coloring and 86.1% contained coloring. Non-permitted coloring agents were found in 22 samples (12.22%); 91 samples (50.55%) contained permitted synthetic colors and 42 (23.33%) contained natural colors. Quinoline yellow was the most common edible coloring used in the confectionery. Conclusions: This study highlighted the need for increased awareness of confectionary workers to reduce the use of non-permitted coloring in confectionery products and to replace them with natural colors to preserve community health.
Journal of Chemistry, 2013
A novel, simple, and more sensitive spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the deter... more A novel, simple, and more sensitive spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the determination of vitamin B2(riboflavin) by an aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE). An ATPE is formed mostly by water and does not require an organic solvent. Other ATPE components used in this study were the polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and some salts such as Na2SO4and Na2CO3. The method is based on the interaction between vitamin B2(riboflavin) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in an acidic medium (pH 6.4). The influences of effective parameters such as salt (type and concentration), polyethylene glycol (molecular weight and concentration), temperature, centrifuging time, and pH of the sample solution were studied and optimized. The linear range was 1.3–320 ng/mL (R2=0.9991;n=10) with the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 60 ng/mL 3.68%. The limit of detection (LOD) calculated from three times of standard deviation of blank were 0.2 ng/mL and recoveries from analysis of real samples bet...