chukwuemeka enyiazu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by chukwuemeka enyiazu
Traditional Authority and Security in Contemporary Nigeria, 2023
The journal of social sciences research, Dec 8, 2020
This study examines the representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions in Inte... more This study examines the representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions in International Newspapers in 2019. It x-rayed the pattern of representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions if they were more negative and guided by national and economic interests than humanitarian. It investigated the degree of prominence comparatively accorded the reportage of the issues in developed nations and Africa; and further ascertained the direction of reportage of the issues. The study reviewed the Agenda Setting theory which flow from the functional theories as appropriate to explain the work and adopts the Content Analysis method with expected population consisting 120 editions of the two selected newspapers, The Guardian of UK and New York Times of the US from the deluge of global newspapers. The sample size was drawn from the population using the Taro Yamane formula to arrive at 24 editions. However, 22 editions of the newspaper had stories on international conflicts and diplomatic tensions, with over 31 stories. The contents were quantitatively analyzed with tables. From the findings the study concluded that international newspapers though reported significantly international conflicts and diplomatic tensions, their representations were more guided by aligned interests of some world powers and laced around economy rather than humanitarian or global peace. The study recommended advocacy representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions by being responsible and fair to all people, race and nations in the international newspapers and de-emphasis economic interest.
, sequel to a viral video where a young Nigerian was shot and dragged out of a vehicle by officia... more , sequel to a viral video where a young Nigerian was shot and dragged out of a vehicle by officials of SARS, who drove off with the vehicle; Nigerian youths trooped to the streets of Lagos and Abuja etc.; within days it has spread throughout Southern Nigerian with the youths demanding for the end of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) with the hastag: #EndSARS. Within two weeks it had metamorphosed to a number of other hashtags: #EndBadGovernment, #EndCorruption, #LekkiMassacre and others. On October 20, 2020, soldiers of the Nigerian Army, confronted the protesters at the Lekki Toll Gate, Lagos and opened fire point blank on Flag waving and National Anthem singing young Nigerians, killing scores of them. This drew condemnation and outcry in Nigeria and all over the world. Given that the extrajudicial killing of Yusuf Mohammed in 2007 triggered off the Boko Haram insurgency and the killings of IPOB members has also militarised IPOB: killed two DSS officials in Enugu, five Soldiers and scores of police personnel in Obigbo during the post-#EndSARS riot. This paper using the Marxian Post-Colonial State Theory, argues that the method of the #EndSARS protest; its non-visible collegiate leadership and the involvement of young people who are not under and influenced by the commodity mediating Nigerian post-colonial state, will lead to the resolution of the contradiction of the Nigerian state: from a Post-colonial state to a more inclusive state. The study used the qualitative method of study, with secondary data collection and content analysis to analyse data generated.
Journal of Contemporary International Relations and Diplomacy (JCIRD), 2022
Colonialism destroyed Africa's long-standing intra-African trade. Hence, at independence there wa... more Colonialism destroyed Africa's long-standing intra-African trade. Hence, at independence there was a move for regional integration to diversify Africa's economy. Nigeria had been at the driving seat of Africa's regional integration. In West Africa, Nigeria pioneered the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1975. Though Africa has 21.2% of the global landmass and 13.7% of world population, its share of global economic activities is a meagre 2.6%. Its intratrade is 12%, paralleled to an average of 53.5% in other regions of the world. However, Nigeria over time has engaged in anti-trade policies like border closure, the latest being on 20 August 2019, three months after signing the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA). This has caused ripples within Nigeria, West Africa and Africa at large. This study interrogates Nigeria's constant border closures, with questions on whether it is in Nigeria's national interest and if its objective were achieved? The study uses the Regional Leader Role framework of analysis, a subset of National Role theory (NRC). The study is a qualitative and non-experimental study and is based on the single case ex-post-facto (after-the-fact) design. Documentary method of data collection is used. The study concludes that Nigeria with over 1,499 illegal land routes into the country, cannot even 'close' its border, hence border closure is a lose-lose policy for Nigeria and recommends collaborative actions with her neighbours, the strengthening of border and ports infrastructures as the way forward.
Journal of Contemporary International Relations And Diplomacy, Dec 30, 2022
Colonialism destroyed Africa's long-standing intra-African trade. Hence, at independence there wa... more Colonialism destroyed Africa's long-standing intra-African trade. Hence, at independence there was a move for regional integration to diversify Africa's economy. Nigeria had been at the driving seat of Africa's regional integration. In West Africa, Nigeria pioneered the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1975. Though Africa has 21.2% of the global landmass and 13.7% of world population, its share of global economic activities is a meagre 2.6%. Its intratrade is 12%, paralleled to an average of 53.5% in other regions of the world. However, Nigeria over time has engaged in anti-trade policies like border closure, the latest being on 20 August 2019, three months after signing the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA). This has caused ripples within Nigeria, West Africa and Africa at large. This study interrogates Nigeria's constant border closures, with questions on whether it is in Nigeria's national interest and if its objective were achieved? The study uses the Regional Leader Role framework of analysis, a subset of National Role theory (NRC). The study is a qualitative and non-experimental study and is based on the single case ex-post-facto (after-the-fact) design. Documentary method of data collection is used. The study concludes that Nigeria with over 1,499 illegal land routes into the country, cannot even 'close' its border, hence border closure is a lose-lose policy for Nigeria and recommends collaborative actions with her neighbours, the strengthening of border and ports infrastructures as the way forward.
Entrepreneurship has become a tool for uplifting nations and improving their socioeconomic develo... more Entrepreneurship has become a tool for uplifting nations and improving their socioeconomic development for the benefit of all citizens. This has worked for Western capitalist economies and the newly industrialized countries (NICs). In Africa there is less reliance on entrepreneurship as an engine of economic growth and development which has led to unemployment pervasive poverty and underdevelopment. The paper examined how entrepreneurship can help to speed up socioeconomic development in Nigeria and reduce reliance on unsuccessful Western backed neoliberal development strategies. The data of the study were sourced from array of both published and unpublished materials such as textbook, journal papers, newspapers, magazines, conference papers and seminar papers and internet material. The paper argues that Nigeria cannot develop without utilizing entrepreneurship as the cornerstone of its development strategy. Furthermore, the paper sees entrepreneurship as crucial to developing indigenous capacity in technology, manufacturing and export trade. It recommends development and implementation of local solutions to developmental problems, effective implementation of development policies, and credit provision to local entrepreneurs and creation an enabling environment for production and trade, and capacity development of Nigerian youth through technical and vocational training.
International Journal of Political Science, 2021
The artificial territorial demarcation of countries induced an important evolution in the study o... more The artificial territorial demarcation of countries induced an important evolution in the study of transnational migration and security studies, both in theory and in practice. In Africa, every country has been affected by transnational migration, in all its forms. Some people choose to migrate; others are forced to do so by natural disasters, coups, insurgencies, dictatorships, war, and conflict. Internal conflict in Africa is often the result of migration pressures and resource scarcities. According to official statistics, about 30 million Africans-about 3 percent of the population-have migrated internationally (including within Africa). This figure which includes both voluntary migrants and international refugees-almost certainly underestimates the size and importance of migration from and particularly within Africa. About two-thirds of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly poorer migrants, go to other countries in the region; the bulk of migrants remain within their sub regions. In West Africa, for example, more than 70 percent of intra-African emigration was within the sub region. In contrast, more than 90 percent of migrants from North Africa travel to countries outside the region (Ratha, Mohapatra, Özden, Plaza, Shaw & Shimeles, 2011). Migration in different typology moves along with it the social, economic and environmental conflicts/challenges. Empirical evidence demonstrates Africa's peripheral role in the world economy. For example, West African countries have in common the lowest standards of living in the world. Eleven out of the fifteen members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are among the bottom thirty countries in the 2011 Human Development Index (HDI) compiled by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (UNDP, 2011). With regard to forged migration in Africa, nearly 2.2 million Africans living in countries other than the ones in which they were born are Abstract: Migration is a strong expression of spatial flows, which gives not only life and impetus to the dynamic global political economy, but also to changes in demography and environment. Africa's migration history is complex, and deeply rooted in historical antecedents. Hence, migration policies in Africa, nay, Nigeria began to take shape after independence was granted to her in the early 1960s. This paper interrogates the nexus between transnational migration and environmental security in Africa with theoretical and empirical evidence from Nigeria. Specifically, we examined how environmentally-linked migration that spans Nigeria's territory interacts with geopolitical and social factors to influence herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the 21st century Africa political economy. The theoretical framework that anchored the study is the group identity and simple scarcity. Data was gathered through the documentary method of data collection. Our data analysis was based on qualitative descriptive analysis and the ex-post facto research design was adopted. The study found that environmental issues and natural resources scarcity in particular, have made migration a global problem. The study recommended for the need to integrate and translate climate change adaptation, migration policies, and conflict management programmes into concrete projects for they are not stand-alone levers, but functions within the wider political economy.
Journal of Politics and Law
Ivan Krastev said “we are all living in Vladimir Putin’s world now”, where sheer force tramples o... more Ivan Krastev said “we are all living in Vladimir Putin’s world now”, where sheer force tramples over democratic rights. However, the travails of the liberal order is not only Putin’s Russia, China waits on the wings….Even the bastions of democracy like United States of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK) are not left out. In them have arisen Rightwings populist in the guise of ‘America First’, which cumulated to the January 6, 2021 ‘insurrection’ in Washington and the Brexit brouhaha in UK. Nigeria being a member of the comity of nations is not antipathetic to this trend. Of the twelve largest democratic decline in the world, seven are in Sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria is number five. It had been noted that Democratic practise in Nigeria is a hybrid: civil rule, militarism, and ethnic jingoism. In a recent poll by Statista, 77.2% of Nigerians agree that Nigeria democracy is flawed. This paper interrogates the democratic reversal in Nigeria using the Realist Balance of Power (BoP) ...
Small Wars & Insurgencies
WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2020
Predictions of who wins an election have become a recurring phenomenon in Nigeria since this pres... more Predictions of who wins an election have become a recurring phenomenon in Nigeria since this present democratic era. The 2019 elections in Nigeria saw prominent religious leaders or spiritualists reel out prophecies of eventual winners or losers in a practice that is fast becoming entrenched. Using the case of Imo State, this paper argues that electoral related prophecies pose a security threat, which if not dealt with may ignite crisis and endanger the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Methodologically, the documentary method is used to source for data and desk review serves as the tool of analysis. Also, the paper is situated within the theoretical framework of spiritual dimension of human and national security, which takes into cognizance the peculiarity of Nigeria’s security threats rooted in spiritual related utterances among others. Hence, the paper recommends that religious leaders should apply caution so as to determine the kind of prophecy to make public in order to av...
Open Journal of Political Science, 2022
The current corps of Nigerian army are products of top tertiary military and policy institutions.... more The current corps of Nigerian army are products of top tertiary military and policy institutions. They have demonstrated their prowess internationally, especially, in peace keeping and peace enforcement. Forty-four years (44 yrs) after the Nigerian Afro-Beat Maestro (Fela) sang, "…they leave sorrow, tears and blood…", the Nigerian army is still riveted in gross human rights abuses. Recently, it is competing with Boko Haram on who comes first on the list of International Criminal Court's (ICC) human rights abuses. Given that the army is trained to use maximum force and the fact that post-colonial states' crises, especially in Africa, and specifically Nigeria are internal. There has been the debate on the establishment of medium force outfit in Nigeria, which led to the establishment and subsequent disbandment of National Guard in the 1990s. The debate continued to rage in this Fourth Industrial Revolution era. But the cost implication of running such a paramilitary outfit has posed a major hindrance. To fill this gap, this paper joins the debate and argues for the establishment of an Army Constabulary Corp (ACC), a medium force between the army maximum force and the police minimum force. The paper uses the Feaver Agency theory of civil military relation as its theoretical framework. The study collated data through documentary methods. In analysing the data, the qualitative data were transcribed, interpreted, and analysed through systematic logical inductions.
Cogent Social Sciences, 2021
This study evaluates the impact of campaign propaganda on both the outcome of the 2015 presidenti... more This study evaluates the impact of campaign propaganda on both the outcome of the 2015 presidential poll and post-election governance in Nigeria. It specifically analyses how ethno-religious campai...
The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Civic and Political Studies, 2021
African Renaissance, 2021
Over the years, the absence of party ideology has impacted on the pre-and post-election outcomes ... more Over the years, the absence of party ideology has impacted on the pre-and post-election outcomes with its attendant consequences on democratisation and peace building in Africa. The character of Africa, nay Nigerian state, unhealthy intra and inter party relations and partial attitudes of election management body undermines post-election peace building amidst democratisation. The study revisits the challenge of party politics, electoral violence and dynamics of peace building in Africa, and specifically in Nigeria. The study addresses this task, long recognised but relatively neglected in extant African Renaissance
Land use is a fundamental agrarian question which remains central to the economic survival of hum... more Land use is a fundamental agrarian question which remains central to the economic survival of humanity, especially in Africa. The limited access to land in most African social formations has engendered a fierce competition between non-agricultural user groups and their agricultural counterparts, on the one hand, and among various agricultural user groups, on the other. The two major groups of agricultural land users are nomadic pastoralists and sedentary peasant farmers. As a predominantly agrarian nation, more than half of Nigeria's workforce is engaged in farming. Nonetheless, the internecine conflict between these two groups of agro-land users, which continues to acquire ethnic, religious and political tinge, has grave implications for human security in the country. Explanation of the conflict between nomadic pastoralists and sedentary farmers has centred on climate change, population growth, and insecurity. However, the transnational character of this conflict has not received adequate scholarly attention. Despite the existence of regional frameworks like the ECOWAS Transhumance Protocol, there is a dearth of knowledge on how these regional efforts could be leveraged by the Nigerian government in order to contain the harmful impacts of transhumant pastoralism in the country. Using the regional security complex theory, this paper argues that networking of relevant security agencies, regional bodies and other stakeholders, including civil society organisations, is the panacea for tackling the tension-soaked relationship between these land users.
Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 2019
Globalisation has promoted the connections among sovereign states in the international political ... more Globalisation has promoted the connections among sovereign states in the international political economy. Despite the preponderance of neo-protectionist tendencies in the United States and some European countries, the import of regionalism in global political economy has not waned. While economic regionalism was adopted in the advanced capitalist formations as a logical consequence of and/or the instrument for the universalisation of capitalism, the emergence and/or revival of regional groupings like the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was a reactionary outcome of the twin problems of colonialism and globalisation. Specifically, West African states reached out to one another in order to mitigate the negative effects of globalisation and advance their common interest through economic integration. This study interrogates the relevance of ECOWAS in the international political economy within the global resurgence of protectionism. Although E...
Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2019
Given the low level of economic development and the attendant burgeoning social vices at local le... more Given the low level of economic development and the attendant burgeoning social vices at local level in Nigeria, this study illuminates on the strategic framework for sustainable wealth creation in Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State. The study argues that rather than the constant reliance on the ‘one size fits all’ analysis which has fundamentally blurred the minds of development experts and policymakers, greater emphasis should be placed on context-driven and specific studies. Among other things, the study notes that context-driven studies would enable each local government identify problems peculiar to it and evolve problem-solving measures consistent with local realities and demands. In the context of the present study, we share the optimism that Odukpani Local Government Council should prioritize wealth creation as basis for stimulating economic growth and development in the area. The study relies on triangulation of data involving interviews with key stakeholde...
Cogent Social Sciences, 2021
The popular thinking in western scholarship projects progressive deepening of liberal democratic ... more The popular thinking in western scholarship projects progressive deepening of liberal democratic principles and praxis as the panacea for economic prosperity in the peripheral socio-economic format...
Traditional Authority and Security in Contemporary Nigeria, 2023
The journal of social sciences research, Dec 8, 2020
This study examines the representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions in Inte... more This study examines the representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions in International Newspapers in 2019. It x-rayed the pattern of representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions if they were more negative and guided by national and economic interests than humanitarian. It investigated the degree of prominence comparatively accorded the reportage of the issues in developed nations and Africa; and further ascertained the direction of reportage of the issues. The study reviewed the Agenda Setting theory which flow from the functional theories as appropriate to explain the work and adopts the Content Analysis method with expected population consisting 120 editions of the two selected newspapers, The Guardian of UK and New York Times of the US from the deluge of global newspapers. The sample size was drawn from the population using the Taro Yamane formula to arrive at 24 editions. However, 22 editions of the newspaper had stories on international conflicts and diplomatic tensions, with over 31 stories. The contents were quantitatively analyzed with tables. From the findings the study concluded that international newspapers though reported significantly international conflicts and diplomatic tensions, their representations were more guided by aligned interests of some world powers and laced around economy rather than humanitarian or global peace. The study recommended advocacy representation of international conflicts and diplomatic tensions by being responsible and fair to all people, race and nations in the international newspapers and de-emphasis economic interest.
, sequel to a viral video where a young Nigerian was shot and dragged out of a vehicle by officia... more , sequel to a viral video where a young Nigerian was shot and dragged out of a vehicle by officials of SARS, who drove off with the vehicle; Nigerian youths trooped to the streets of Lagos and Abuja etc.; within days it has spread throughout Southern Nigerian with the youths demanding for the end of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) with the hastag: #EndSARS. Within two weeks it had metamorphosed to a number of other hashtags: #EndBadGovernment, #EndCorruption, #LekkiMassacre and others. On October 20, 2020, soldiers of the Nigerian Army, confronted the protesters at the Lekki Toll Gate, Lagos and opened fire point blank on Flag waving and National Anthem singing young Nigerians, killing scores of them. This drew condemnation and outcry in Nigeria and all over the world. Given that the extrajudicial killing of Yusuf Mohammed in 2007 triggered off the Boko Haram insurgency and the killings of IPOB members has also militarised IPOB: killed two DSS officials in Enugu, five Soldiers and scores of police personnel in Obigbo during the post-#EndSARS riot. This paper using the Marxian Post-Colonial State Theory, argues that the method of the #EndSARS protest; its non-visible collegiate leadership and the involvement of young people who are not under and influenced by the commodity mediating Nigerian post-colonial state, will lead to the resolution of the contradiction of the Nigerian state: from a Post-colonial state to a more inclusive state. The study used the qualitative method of study, with secondary data collection and content analysis to analyse data generated.
Journal of Contemporary International Relations and Diplomacy (JCIRD), 2022
Colonialism destroyed Africa's long-standing intra-African trade. Hence, at independence there wa... more Colonialism destroyed Africa's long-standing intra-African trade. Hence, at independence there was a move for regional integration to diversify Africa's economy. Nigeria had been at the driving seat of Africa's regional integration. In West Africa, Nigeria pioneered the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1975. Though Africa has 21.2% of the global landmass and 13.7% of world population, its share of global economic activities is a meagre 2.6%. Its intratrade is 12%, paralleled to an average of 53.5% in other regions of the world. However, Nigeria over time has engaged in anti-trade policies like border closure, the latest being on 20 August 2019, three months after signing the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA). This has caused ripples within Nigeria, West Africa and Africa at large. This study interrogates Nigeria's constant border closures, with questions on whether it is in Nigeria's national interest and if its objective were achieved? The study uses the Regional Leader Role framework of analysis, a subset of National Role theory (NRC). The study is a qualitative and non-experimental study and is based on the single case ex-post-facto (after-the-fact) design. Documentary method of data collection is used. The study concludes that Nigeria with over 1,499 illegal land routes into the country, cannot even 'close' its border, hence border closure is a lose-lose policy for Nigeria and recommends collaborative actions with her neighbours, the strengthening of border and ports infrastructures as the way forward.
Journal of Contemporary International Relations And Diplomacy, Dec 30, 2022
Colonialism destroyed Africa's long-standing intra-African trade. Hence, at independence there wa... more Colonialism destroyed Africa's long-standing intra-African trade. Hence, at independence there was a move for regional integration to diversify Africa's economy. Nigeria had been at the driving seat of Africa's regional integration. In West Africa, Nigeria pioneered the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1975. Though Africa has 21.2% of the global landmass and 13.7% of world population, its share of global economic activities is a meagre 2.6%. Its intratrade is 12%, paralleled to an average of 53.5% in other regions of the world. However, Nigeria over time has engaged in anti-trade policies like border closure, the latest being on 20 August 2019, three months after signing the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA). This has caused ripples within Nigeria, West Africa and Africa at large. This study interrogates Nigeria's constant border closures, with questions on whether it is in Nigeria's national interest and if its objective were achieved? The study uses the Regional Leader Role framework of analysis, a subset of National Role theory (NRC). The study is a qualitative and non-experimental study and is based on the single case ex-post-facto (after-the-fact) design. Documentary method of data collection is used. The study concludes that Nigeria with over 1,499 illegal land routes into the country, cannot even 'close' its border, hence border closure is a lose-lose policy for Nigeria and recommends collaborative actions with her neighbours, the strengthening of border and ports infrastructures as the way forward.
Entrepreneurship has become a tool for uplifting nations and improving their socioeconomic develo... more Entrepreneurship has become a tool for uplifting nations and improving their socioeconomic development for the benefit of all citizens. This has worked for Western capitalist economies and the newly industrialized countries (NICs). In Africa there is less reliance on entrepreneurship as an engine of economic growth and development which has led to unemployment pervasive poverty and underdevelopment. The paper examined how entrepreneurship can help to speed up socioeconomic development in Nigeria and reduce reliance on unsuccessful Western backed neoliberal development strategies. The data of the study were sourced from array of both published and unpublished materials such as textbook, journal papers, newspapers, magazines, conference papers and seminar papers and internet material. The paper argues that Nigeria cannot develop without utilizing entrepreneurship as the cornerstone of its development strategy. Furthermore, the paper sees entrepreneurship as crucial to developing indigenous capacity in technology, manufacturing and export trade. It recommends development and implementation of local solutions to developmental problems, effective implementation of development policies, and credit provision to local entrepreneurs and creation an enabling environment for production and trade, and capacity development of Nigerian youth through technical and vocational training.
International Journal of Political Science, 2021
The artificial territorial demarcation of countries induced an important evolution in the study o... more The artificial territorial demarcation of countries induced an important evolution in the study of transnational migration and security studies, both in theory and in practice. In Africa, every country has been affected by transnational migration, in all its forms. Some people choose to migrate; others are forced to do so by natural disasters, coups, insurgencies, dictatorships, war, and conflict. Internal conflict in Africa is often the result of migration pressures and resource scarcities. According to official statistics, about 30 million Africans-about 3 percent of the population-have migrated internationally (including within Africa). This figure which includes both voluntary migrants and international refugees-almost certainly underestimates the size and importance of migration from and particularly within Africa. About two-thirds of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly poorer migrants, go to other countries in the region; the bulk of migrants remain within their sub regions. In West Africa, for example, more than 70 percent of intra-African emigration was within the sub region. In contrast, more than 90 percent of migrants from North Africa travel to countries outside the region (Ratha, Mohapatra, Özden, Plaza, Shaw & Shimeles, 2011). Migration in different typology moves along with it the social, economic and environmental conflicts/challenges. Empirical evidence demonstrates Africa's peripheral role in the world economy. For example, West African countries have in common the lowest standards of living in the world. Eleven out of the fifteen members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are among the bottom thirty countries in the 2011 Human Development Index (HDI) compiled by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (UNDP, 2011). With regard to forged migration in Africa, nearly 2.2 million Africans living in countries other than the ones in which they were born are Abstract: Migration is a strong expression of spatial flows, which gives not only life and impetus to the dynamic global political economy, but also to changes in demography and environment. Africa's migration history is complex, and deeply rooted in historical antecedents. Hence, migration policies in Africa, nay, Nigeria began to take shape after independence was granted to her in the early 1960s. This paper interrogates the nexus between transnational migration and environmental security in Africa with theoretical and empirical evidence from Nigeria. Specifically, we examined how environmentally-linked migration that spans Nigeria's territory interacts with geopolitical and social factors to influence herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the 21st century Africa political economy. The theoretical framework that anchored the study is the group identity and simple scarcity. Data was gathered through the documentary method of data collection. Our data analysis was based on qualitative descriptive analysis and the ex-post facto research design was adopted. The study found that environmental issues and natural resources scarcity in particular, have made migration a global problem. The study recommended for the need to integrate and translate climate change adaptation, migration policies, and conflict management programmes into concrete projects for they are not stand-alone levers, but functions within the wider political economy.
Journal of Politics and Law
Ivan Krastev said “we are all living in Vladimir Putin’s world now”, where sheer force tramples o... more Ivan Krastev said “we are all living in Vladimir Putin’s world now”, where sheer force tramples over democratic rights. However, the travails of the liberal order is not only Putin’s Russia, China waits on the wings….Even the bastions of democracy like United States of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK) are not left out. In them have arisen Rightwings populist in the guise of ‘America First’, which cumulated to the January 6, 2021 ‘insurrection’ in Washington and the Brexit brouhaha in UK. Nigeria being a member of the comity of nations is not antipathetic to this trend. Of the twelve largest democratic decline in the world, seven are in Sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria is number five. It had been noted that Democratic practise in Nigeria is a hybrid: civil rule, militarism, and ethnic jingoism. In a recent poll by Statista, 77.2% of Nigerians agree that Nigeria democracy is flawed. This paper interrogates the democratic reversal in Nigeria using the Realist Balance of Power (BoP) ...
Small Wars & Insurgencies
WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2020
Predictions of who wins an election have become a recurring phenomenon in Nigeria since this pres... more Predictions of who wins an election have become a recurring phenomenon in Nigeria since this present democratic era. The 2019 elections in Nigeria saw prominent religious leaders or spiritualists reel out prophecies of eventual winners or losers in a practice that is fast becoming entrenched. Using the case of Imo State, this paper argues that electoral related prophecies pose a security threat, which if not dealt with may ignite crisis and endanger the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Methodologically, the documentary method is used to source for data and desk review serves as the tool of analysis. Also, the paper is situated within the theoretical framework of spiritual dimension of human and national security, which takes into cognizance the peculiarity of Nigeria’s security threats rooted in spiritual related utterances among others. Hence, the paper recommends that religious leaders should apply caution so as to determine the kind of prophecy to make public in order to av...
Open Journal of Political Science, 2022
The current corps of Nigerian army are products of top tertiary military and policy institutions.... more The current corps of Nigerian army are products of top tertiary military and policy institutions. They have demonstrated their prowess internationally, especially, in peace keeping and peace enforcement. Forty-four years (44 yrs) after the Nigerian Afro-Beat Maestro (Fela) sang, "…they leave sorrow, tears and blood…", the Nigerian army is still riveted in gross human rights abuses. Recently, it is competing with Boko Haram on who comes first on the list of International Criminal Court's (ICC) human rights abuses. Given that the army is trained to use maximum force and the fact that post-colonial states' crises, especially in Africa, and specifically Nigeria are internal. There has been the debate on the establishment of medium force outfit in Nigeria, which led to the establishment and subsequent disbandment of National Guard in the 1990s. The debate continued to rage in this Fourth Industrial Revolution era. But the cost implication of running such a paramilitary outfit has posed a major hindrance. To fill this gap, this paper joins the debate and argues for the establishment of an Army Constabulary Corp (ACC), a medium force between the army maximum force and the police minimum force. The paper uses the Feaver Agency theory of civil military relation as its theoretical framework. The study collated data through documentary methods. In analysing the data, the qualitative data were transcribed, interpreted, and analysed through systematic logical inductions.
Cogent Social Sciences, 2021
This study evaluates the impact of campaign propaganda on both the outcome of the 2015 presidenti... more This study evaluates the impact of campaign propaganda on both the outcome of the 2015 presidential poll and post-election governance in Nigeria. It specifically analyses how ethno-religious campai...
The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Civic and Political Studies, 2021
African Renaissance, 2021
Over the years, the absence of party ideology has impacted on the pre-and post-election outcomes ... more Over the years, the absence of party ideology has impacted on the pre-and post-election outcomes with its attendant consequences on democratisation and peace building in Africa. The character of Africa, nay Nigerian state, unhealthy intra and inter party relations and partial attitudes of election management body undermines post-election peace building amidst democratisation. The study revisits the challenge of party politics, electoral violence and dynamics of peace building in Africa, and specifically in Nigeria. The study addresses this task, long recognised but relatively neglected in extant African Renaissance
Land use is a fundamental agrarian question which remains central to the economic survival of hum... more Land use is a fundamental agrarian question which remains central to the economic survival of humanity, especially in Africa. The limited access to land in most African social formations has engendered a fierce competition between non-agricultural user groups and their agricultural counterparts, on the one hand, and among various agricultural user groups, on the other. The two major groups of agricultural land users are nomadic pastoralists and sedentary peasant farmers. As a predominantly agrarian nation, more than half of Nigeria's workforce is engaged in farming. Nonetheless, the internecine conflict between these two groups of agro-land users, which continues to acquire ethnic, religious and political tinge, has grave implications for human security in the country. Explanation of the conflict between nomadic pastoralists and sedentary farmers has centred on climate change, population growth, and insecurity. However, the transnational character of this conflict has not received adequate scholarly attention. Despite the existence of regional frameworks like the ECOWAS Transhumance Protocol, there is a dearth of knowledge on how these regional efforts could be leveraged by the Nigerian government in order to contain the harmful impacts of transhumant pastoralism in the country. Using the regional security complex theory, this paper argues that networking of relevant security agencies, regional bodies and other stakeholders, including civil society organisations, is the panacea for tackling the tension-soaked relationship between these land users.
Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 2019
Globalisation has promoted the connections among sovereign states in the international political ... more Globalisation has promoted the connections among sovereign states in the international political economy. Despite the preponderance of neo-protectionist tendencies in the United States and some European countries, the import of regionalism in global political economy has not waned. While economic regionalism was adopted in the advanced capitalist formations as a logical consequence of and/or the instrument for the universalisation of capitalism, the emergence and/or revival of regional groupings like the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was a reactionary outcome of the twin problems of colonialism and globalisation. Specifically, West African states reached out to one another in order to mitigate the negative effects of globalisation and advance their common interest through economic integration. This study interrogates the relevance of ECOWAS in the international political economy within the global resurgence of protectionism. Although E...
Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2019
Given the low level of economic development and the attendant burgeoning social vices at local le... more Given the low level of economic development and the attendant burgeoning social vices at local level in Nigeria, this study illuminates on the strategic framework for sustainable wealth creation in Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State. The study argues that rather than the constant reliance on the ‘one size fits all’ analysis which has fundamentally blurred the minds of development experts and policymakers, greater emphasis should be placed on context-driven and specific studies. Among other things, the study notes that context-driven studies would enable each local government identify problems peculiar to it and evolve problem-solving measures consistent with local realities and demands. In the context of the present study, we share the optimism that Odukpani Local Government Council should prioritize wealth creation as basis for stimulating economic growth and development in the area. The study relies on triangulation of data involving interviews with key stakeholde...
Cogent Social Sciences, 2021
The popular thinking in western scholarship projects progressive deepening of liberal democratic ... more The popular thinking in western scholarship projects progressive deepening of liberal democratic principles and praxis as the panacea for economic prosperity in the peripheral socio-economic format...