fatoumata keita - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by fatoumata keita
International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 2021
Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled t... more Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled to work their guts out without any possibility to get compensated or rewarded, slavery, for some centuries, had been implemented under various forms from one country to another. From the antiquity to the twentieth century, thralldom had been a profitable business that gangrened the African continent. Thus being, African and African American thinkers shoulder the mission to dust archives and lift the curtain of history to retell and re-narrate the episode of drudgery; among them Leonoa Miano and Toni Morrison. The purpose of this article is to examine the trauma of slavery from a comparative, matrifocal, and Afrocentric perspective so as to highlight commonalities and differences between Leonora Miano’s La Saison de l’ombre and Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Inspired by the infamous history of slavery, these two award-winning novels not only conjure up the ordeal of slavery, but they also cataly...
Frontiers in Public Health, Oct 17, 2022
always disinterested; it is sometimes rooted in political computations, and health system actors ... more always disinterested; it is sometimes rooted in political computations, and health system actors should learn to cope with it while, at the same time, safeguarding trusted and e cient health system responses. We conclude that health system actors anticipated the response to the COVID-pandemic and (re-) adapted response strategies as the pandemic evolved in the country. There is a need to rethink epidemics governance and funding mechanisms in Guinea to improve the health system response to epidemics.
Frontiers in Public Health
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 prompted a response from heal... more The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 prompted a response from health systems of countries across the globe. The first case of COVID-19 in Guinea was notified on 12 March 2020; however, from January 2020 preparations at policy and implementation preparedness levels had already begun. This study aimed to assess the response triggered in Guinea between 27th January 2020 and 1st November 2021 and lessons for future pandemic preparedness and response. We conducted a scoping review using three main data sources: policy documents, research papers and media content. For each of these data sources, a specific search strategy was applied, respectively national websites, PubMed and the Factiva media database. A content analysis was conducted to assess the information found. We found that between January 2020 and November 2021, the response to the COVID-19 pandemic can be divided into five phases: (1) anticipation of the response, (2) a sudden boost of political a...
L'Harmattan Mali, 2023
Le Mali, depuis une décennie, est secoué par une crise multidimensionnelle à la fois politique, ... more Le Mali, depuis une décennie, est secoué par une crise
multidimensionnelle à la fois politique, sécuritaire et humanitaire dont
les soubresauts continuent d’affecter le quotidien des citoyens. Les
violences engendrées par les conflits au nord, et les affrontements
intercommunautaires au centre du pays, ont poussé des milliers de
personnes à quitter leurs localités pour s’installer dans les grandes
villes, notamment Bamako et ses environnants. Parmi ces déplacés,
nombreuses sont des femmes accompagnées de leurs enfants, qui
vivent dans des situations difficiles loin de leurs villages, chez des
proches ou dans de nouveaux espaces urbains. Cette étude se penche
sur la vague migratoire des populations civiles, victimes d’exactions,
des zones de conflits vers Bamako. Partant du principe que la gent
féminine, dans les situations de conflit, reste la cible privilégiée d’abus
(viols) car utilisée comme arme de guerre, cette recherche vise à
déterminer le quotidien des femmes déplacées dans les camps de
réfugiés à Bamako. A travers des entretiens individuels et des focus
groupes, l’étude vise á appréhender les stratégies d’autonomisation,
d’adaptation, de résilience et de survie élaborées par les femmes
déplacées coupées de leur habitat naturel, et obligées de s’adapter et de
se réinventer pour survivre dans ces camps.
Alliance for African Partnership Perspectives
The global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected, in many regards, education in... more The global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected, in many regards, education institutions' activities worldwide. In the Malian context, where inclass or face-to-face teaching/learning was standard, it led, to a significant degree, to major disruptions in the teaching/learning process. Due to the government's lack of official concerted strategies and mechanisms to mitigate education loss, Malian universities, separately, developed independent schemes as to address students' needs. This study aims at shedding light on the academic strategies adopted by Malian universities in facing the COVID pandemic. Based on a qualitative research method, our investigation covers exclusively public universities because, in terms of policies, private universities operate out of the governments control. This research is built on interviews covering key members of the education fields: deans, chancellors, heads of departments, and teachers. The data collected from this investigation give some insights into the government's anti-COVID plans nationwide and a glimpse of how public universities dealt with this crisis, and finally, some prospects for the future.
This paper examines the autobiography of Fadhma Aïth Mansour, Histoire de ma vie (HMV)and Bessie... more This paper examines the autobiography of Fadhma Aïth Mansour,
Histoire de ma vie (HMV)and Bessie Head‘s autofiction, A Question of
Power (QP), from a comparative perspective in order to map out their
exilic experiences and strategies of survival, negotiations of identity, and
of belonging in their adopted homelands. Even though they come from
different geographical, cultural and racial background (Amrouche is Algerian while Head is a Colored South African born), their lives and migratory trajectories bear striking similarities, and both move from oppression, exclusion to social acceptance and integration thanks to their new
acquired skills. The aim of this study is to cast light on these areas of
commonalities and unpack the hidden story of their birth woven into very
conservative societies where children born out of wedlock and outside the
desired racial or religious line, bear the full brunt of social rejection and
isolation. Emphasis will be placed also on how these two pieces of autobiographical sketches represent ‗home‘ and ‗exile‘ and the physical and
emotional tensions that inform the migrated female subjects‘ relationships to such dialectical spaces.
Keywords: Fadhna Aïth Mansour, Bessie Head, identity, exile, migration, autobiography, autofiction, Algeria, South A
Alliance for African Partnership Perspectives, Volume 1, 2021: African Universities and the COVID-19 Pandemic, pp. 35-41 (Article
The global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected, in many regards, education in... more The global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected, in many regards, education institutions' activities worldwide. In the Malian context, where inclass or face-to-face teaching/learning was standard, it led, to a significant degree, to major disruptions in the teaching/learning process. Due to the government's lack of official concerted strategies and mechanisms to mitigate education loss, Malian universities, separately, developed independent schemes as to address students' needs. This study aims at shedding light on the academic strategies adopted by Malian universities in facing the COVID pandemic. Based on a qualitative research method, our investigation covers exclusively public universities because, in terms of policies, private universities operate out of the governments control. This research is built on interviews covering key members of the education fields: deans, chancellors, heads of departments, and teachers. The data collected from this investigation give some insights into the government's anti-COVID plans nationwide and a glimpse of how public universities dealt with this crisis, and finally, some prospects for the future.
International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education
The system of online trade or e-business is popular and practical in developed countries. So, som... more The system of online trade or e-business is popular and practical in developed countries. So, some African youths simulate Europeans, set attractive bait to which their victims-often Europeans or Americans-bite without any possibility to uncover the real identity of their scammers. This is part of African social reality that deserves to be transcribed in books. Ben Akponine-Samuel has understood it and has fictionalized it through his booklet The Yahoo Millionaires in a very instructive way. After the reading of the book I am more and even better convinced that easy wealth acquirement is like dry straw fire which does not last. He makes the readers understand that for the youths in Africa, amassing secondary and university degrees and qualifications doesn't matter but what matters is making money no matter the used means. The story is indeed instructive in so far as it makes Steve, the narrator, regret his behavioural metamorphose caused by immoderate and uncontrolled ambition for wealth. By begrudging the nice and earthly material wealth of Dele and Alexboth his former secondary classmates and living a
International Journal of Research in English, Jun 30, 2021
Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled t... more Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled to work their guts out without any possibility to get compensated or rewarded, slavery, for some centuries, had been implemented under various forms from one country to another. From the antiquity to the twentieth century, thralldom had been a profitable business that gangrened the African continent. Thus being, African and African American thinkers shoulder the mission to dust archives and lift the curtain of history to retell and re-narrate the episode of drudgery; among them Leonoa Miano and Toni Morrison. The purpose of this article is to examine the trauma of slavery from a comparative, matrifocal and afrocentred perspective so as to highlight commonalities and differences between Leonora Miano's La Saison de l'ombre and Toni Morrison's Beloved. Inspired by the infamous history of slavery, these two award-winning novels not only conjure up the ordeal of slavery, but they also catalyze its haunting memory for the sake of healing, so that both characters and readers could be cleansed off its tantalizing grip and achieve catharsis and redemption. For this end, La Saison de l'ombre and Beloved are woven around feminine counter-narratives that exhibit counter-memories which are often glossed over or overlooked in both African and Euro-American phallocentric official narratives. Through a comparative approach, we spotlighted the whole process of slavery, from the captivity in Africa to enslavement in America.
L'Harmattan Sénégal, 2023
Autobiography has been one of the earliest literary genre used by African women to represent thei... more Autobiography has been one of the earliest literary genre used by African
women to represent their true identities and challenge patriarchal, racial dominations
and stereotypes since the period of slavery. Today, the autobiographical form is used
by many African women to shed light on personal struggles and achievements,
denounce oppressive regimes and negotiate their identity and place in a shifting global
world informed by the silencing of African women’s voice and agency. This paper
analyzes Wangari Maathai’s Unbowed (2006) as a gendered life-narrative embedded
in “dissent pedagogies” and a decolonial and ecofeminist praxis. The gist of the paper
is to examine Maathai’s ecofeminist and militant perspective through her deft use of
the pedagogy of liberation and civic engagement which become the crux of her
dissident stance. The paper will shed light also on the way autobiographical writing
becomes a springboard for the author-narrator to subvert established sexist and
patriarchal norms and restore the image of the Kenyan women and the indigenous
Kikuyu culture of environnement conservation. Finally, attention will be paid to the
rhetorical strategies of women and community empowerment developed by the author to implement her ecofeminist agenda while transgressing the gender codes and political conservatism of her society.
Keywords : autobiography, dissidence, ecofeminism, pedagogy of liberation, Wangari Maathai
Choosing Mariama Bâ (1929–1981) as an entry point into the discussion of intergenerational femi... more Choosing Mariama Bâ (1929–1981) as an
entry point into the discussion of intergenerational feminism in Senegal is neither
fortuitous nor coincidental. She not only “distinguishes herself from her contemporaries in her choice of genre” (a letter novel, which is not common)1 , she sets the tone for the feminist debate by problematising
“the treatment of women in Africa” with much poise and depth.
Si le concept d’émancipation semble galvaudé aujourd’hui car détrôné par de nouveaux vocables com... more Si le concept d’émancipation semble galvaudé aujourd’hui car détrôné par de nouveaux vocables comme
autonomisation, empowerment ou résilience, sa pertinence reste d’actualité dans les études du genre vu
les récentes mobilisations féministes et les différentes législations qui font de la promotion de l’égalité
hommes-femmes, une condition sine qua non de l’atteinte des Objectifs de Développement Durable. Partant,
cette étude se penche sur l’expression de l’émancipation féminine dans Sous l’Orage de Seydou Badian
et Sous Fer de Fatoumata Keita afin de mettre en exergue les différentes stratégies et pratiques discursives
mobilisées par les auteurs et leurs protagonistes pour libérer les filles des chaînes de la tradition et du joug
patriarcal.
S’inscrivant dans une approche féministe et intertextuelle, ce travail vise á montrer que malgré le fossé
générationnel entre ces deux auteurs maliens, leurs œuvres convergent autour de la condition féminine avec
comme toile de fond, le conflit inter-générationnel et culturel. Même s’ils semblent d’accord sur la nécessité
et l’urgence de cette émancipation féminine qui passe avant tout par l’éducation et la sensibilisation, ces
auteurs montrent avec acuité qu’elle se ne fera pas sans les hommes et sans rixes, car les racines des rites
qui emprisonnent les femmes sont solidement ancrées.
Mots-clés: émancipation féminine, tradition, modernité, conflit des générations, féminisme, intertextualité
John Kwasi Yeboah: Obstacles to the use of renewable energies and energy efficiency in the framew... more John Kwasi Yeboah: Obstacles to the use of renewable energies and energy efficiency in the framework of a regional climate change policy in West Africa No. 8-2014 Naffet KEITA: L'État-Nation du Mali en Crises ?
Les écrits des femmes, qu’ils soient d’expression française ou anglaise s’inspirent des réalités ... more Les écrits des femmes, qu’ils soient d’expression française ou
anglaise s’inspirent des réalités socio-culturelles africaines et les
vicissitudes de la vie quotidienne des populations africaines. Á l’instar
des écrits de leurs homologues masculins, les femmes de lettres
africaines “décortiquent les valeurs culturelles et citoyennes du
continent africain et d’ailleurs.” Même si elles se trouvent aujourd’hui
“ballottées entre émancipation et survie”, leur littérature est á la fois
libre et engagée (Kane, 2009). Elles rendent compte avec acuité les
conflits, les contradictions et les turbulences d’une Afrique en quête
d’identité et de repères dans un monde en perpétuelle mutation.
Cependant, cette écriture est restée longtemps invisible et marginale
au point que parler des écrivaines africaines revenait á mettre « en
lumière une exceptionnalité » (Bréant, 2012: 118) d’où la tendance
transgressive et rebelle de cette écriture (Cazenave, 1996). Ce travail se propose d’engager une
reflexion sur la représentation de l’intervention sociale des femmes
dans Notre force est infinie (2012) de Leymah Gbowee et Rebelle de
Fatou Keita afin de voir, dans quelle mesure, cette représentation
confirme et conforte les théories de l’intervention sociale des femmes
d’une part, et d’autre part, le rôle de l’écriture féminine comme une
208
forme d’intervention féministe et un outil d’empowerment et de
résilience des femmes.
![Research paper thumbnail of “Women’s ‘Safe Spaces’ and the Codes of Masculinity in Toni Morrison’s Paradise” [ Fatoumata KEITA ] Université des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines de Bamako (Mali](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97636054/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](This paper examines the tie between masculinity and gender-based violence in Toni Morrison’s Par... more This paper examines the tie between masculinity and gender-based violence in Toni
Morrison’s Paradise and suggests that certain types of masculinity not only imperil
women’s “safe-spaces” but also legitimate femicide. Following Raewyn Connell’s and
James Messerschmidt’s work on “hegemonic masculinity’’ and its recent
reformulation by Messerschmidt, the paper contends that Morrison’s Paradise revolves
around two mutually exclusive types of masculinity. On the one hand, the novel
contests and challenges “dominating masculinity” or “hegemonic masculinity” that
reinforces gender inequality and condones femicide against women. On the other, it
promotes “positive” and “redemptive” masculinity that fosters gender equality,
women’s security and empowerment. While hegemonic masculinities stifle women’s
creativity, inspiration, nurturing roles, and their cultural and spiritual ethos,
“redemptive” and “positive” masculinities in contrast, showcase these qualities because
they are dialogic, power-sharing, life-giving, and not life-threatening or lethal.
Positive masculinities give a glimpse of the author’s idealized, egalitarian, and peaceful
community.
Keywords: femicide, women’s safe space, hegemonic masculinity, positive
masculinity, Toni Morrison, Paradise
Toni Morrison is a talented novelist and storyteller whose reputation is strongly established out... more Toni Morrison is a talented novelist and storyteller whose reputation is strongly established outside the United States long before her reception of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993. A Mercy (2008), her ninth novel, addresses the issue of slavery from the perspective of African and Indian victims. It is set in the 17 th century when the slave trade was burgeoning and was not racially stamped. This study seeks to shed light on the strategies of emancipation and identity reconstruction put forward by female figures to deconstruct the hegemonic discourse and transcend its narrow confines, by dwelling in other spatio-temporal locations in order to tell their story. Relying on the notions of chronotopia, which shows how time and space are interlaced, and heterotopia, which refers to "other spaces," those of subversion, resistance, and emancipation, this study approaches Morrison's A Mercy through the lenses of Bakhtin and Foucault to show how isotopies and patterns of space and time are constructed around metaphorical networks of resistance and resilience.
The Representation of Female Circumcision in Alice Walker’s Possessing the Secret of Joy and Fatou Keïta’s Rebelle
This paper examines the contentious and highly sensitive issue of female circumcision in the fct... more This paper examines the contentious and highly sensitive issue of female circumcision in the fction of two black women writers namely, Alice Walker’s Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992) and
Fatou Keïta’s Rebelle (1998). It explores the way selected female writers represent the practice
through the lenses of the victims. The paper argues that female circumcision, renamed under the
acronym of FGM/C (Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting), constitutes along with polygamy and
levirate the holy trinity of age-old patriarchal practices that endanger women’s sanity, security and
wholeness. If polygamy has been a constant concern of women’s literature, particularly francophone ones, female circumcision has remained for a long time an unspeakable taboo. In the novels
under study, it is established that it is a cultural conundrum that places women in an ambiguous
position in the patriarchal institution as both oppressors and victims, hence, their ambivalence
towards it. The study highlights the narrative stratagems deployed by the selected female writers in
order to offer a critical analysis of the female genital cutting from a comparative and gender-sensitive perspective. In the novels under study, the theme becomes the touchstone of the authors’
activism against all forms of gender-based violence as well as a trope for social change, women’s
empowerment and agency.
Key Terms: Female Circumcision, women’s empowerment, gender-based violence, female
agency Alice Walker, Fatou Keita.
Entre tradition et transgression : le discours sur la Ĩemme dans La terre et le sang de Mouloud Feraoun, Une si longue lettre de Mariama Bą et Un mari en garde partagée de Fatou Fanny‐Cissé
>e présent article analyse le discours sur la femme dans La terre et le sang ;1953Ϳ de l’écrivai... more >e présent article analyse le discours sur la femme dans La terre et le sang ;1953Ϳ
de l’écrivain algérien Mouloud &eraoun, Une si longue lettre ;1979Ϳ de l’écrivaine
sénégalaise Mariama ą et Un mari en garde partagée ;2014Ϳ de l’écrivaine
ivoirienne &atou &anny‐Cissé afin de voir le traitement réservé à la femme dans ces
différentes sphères culturelles à la fois proches et dissemblables. >’objectif
principal de cette étude comparative est de mettre en exergue les stratégies
discursives mobilisées par les figures féminines pour s’émanciper des diktats
patriarcaux afin de se redéfinir en leurs propres termes. >’étude révèle que les
différentes protagonistes sont soumises au mġme traitement délétère dans ces
sociétés, et de ce fait, elles aspirent à s’imposer malgré les obstacles qui empġchent
leur épanouissement. Zeléguées au statut de subalterne, ces femmes luttent sans
cesse pour améliorer leurs conditions afin de faire évoluer les mentalités. nfin,
l’étude conclut que la femme en Afrique est en quġte continuelle de liberté, de
reconnaissance, et d’épanouissement quelle que soit la société dans laquelle elle
vit.
Mots-clés : discours sur la femme, tradition, transgression, Mariama Ba, Fatou Fanny‐Cissé, féminisme, Mouloud Feraoun.
Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled t... more Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled to work their guts out without any possibility to get compensated or rewarded, slavery, for some centuries, had been implemented under various forms from one country to another. From the antiquity to the twentieth century, thralldom had been a profitable business that gangrened the African continent. Thus being, African and African American thinkers shoulder the mission to dust archives and lift the curtain of history to retell and re-narrate the episode of drudgery; among them Leonoa Miano and Toni Morrison. The purpose of this article is to examine the trauma of slavery from a comparative, matrifocal and afrocentred perspective so as to highlight commonalities and differences between Leonora Miano's La Saison de l'ombre and Toni Morrison's Beloved. Inspired by the infamous history of slavery, these two award-winning novels not only conjure up the ordeal of slavery, but they also catalyze its haunting memory for the sake of healing, so that both characters and readers could be cleansed off its tantalizing grip and achieve catharsis and redemption. For this end, La Saison de l'ombre and Beloved are woven around feminine counter-narratives that exhibit counter-memories which are often glossed over or overlooked in both African and Euro-American phallocentric official narratives. Through a comparative approach, we spotlighted the whole process of slavery, from the captivity in Africa to enslavement in America.
Assessing the Negative Effects of Racism and Capitalist Culture on Black Progress in the US
In the 1960s, a century after the Emancipation Proclamation, former slaves still stood at the bo... more In the 1960s, a century after the Emancipation Proclamation, former slaves still
stood at the bottom of wealth and income ladders. Many scholars blamed the
underdevelopment of the ghetto on blacks’ lack of awareness about capitalist
culture. As a result, President Nixon, in 1968, launched the Southern Strategy—a
financial scheme based on black entrepreneurship. However, half a century after
the implementation of this plan, black economic liberation did not materialize. This
study aims at assessing Nixon’s financial program’s impact on Blacks’ conditions.
This paper, taking a descriptive analytical approach driven from books on the
subject, is structured around the theory of wealth. After a historical overview of
white America’s economic success, this inquiry indicates that the Southern Strategy
was an economic detour. It backs the idea that Blacks’ individual effort, without
federal sponsorship and economic inclusivity, striking against institutional racism,
could not help launch the engines of black development.
Keywords: Black entrepreneurship, capitalism, economic detour, racism, slavery,
wealth inequality.
International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 2021
Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled t... more Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled to work their guts out without any possibility to get compensated or rewarded, slavery, for some centuries, had been implemented under various forms from one country to another. From the antiquity to the twentieth century, thralldom had been a profitable business that gangrened the African continent. Thus being, African and African American thinkers shoulder the mission to dust archives and lift the curtain of history to retell and re-narrate the episode of drudgery; among them Leonoa Miano and Toni Morrison. The purpose of this article is to examine the trauma of slavery from a comparative, matrifocal, and Afrocentric perspective so as to highlight commonalities and differences between Leonora Miano’s La Saison de l’ombre and Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Inspired by the infamous history of slavery, these two award-winning novels not only conjure up the ordeal of slavery, but they also cataly...
Frontiers in Public Health, Oct 17, 2022
always disinterested; it is sometimes rooted in political computations, and health system actors ... more always disinterested; it is sometimes rooted in political computations, and health system actors should learn to cope with it while, at the same time, safeguarding trusted and e cient health system responses. We conclude that health system actors anticipated the response to the COVID-pandemic and (re-) adapted response strategies as the pandemic evolved in the country. There is a need to rethink epidemics governance and funding mechanisms in Guinea to improve the health system response to epidemics.
Frontiers in Public Health
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 prompted a response from heal... more The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 prompted a response from health systems of countries across the globe. The first case of COVID-19 in Guinea was notified on 12 March 2020; however, from January 2020 preparations at policy and implementation preparedness levels had already begun. This study aimed to assess the response triggered in Guinea between 27th January 2020 and 1st November 2021 and lessons for future pandemic preparedness and response. We conducted a scoping review using three main data sources: policy documents, research papers and media content. For each of these data sources, a specific search strategy was applied, respectively national websites, PubMed and the Factiva media database. A content analysis was conducted to assess the information found. We found that between January 2020 and November 2021, the response to the COVID-19 pandemic can be divided into five phases: (1) anticipation of the response, (2) a sudden boost of political a...
L'Harmattan Mali, 2023
Le Mali, depuis une décennie, est secoué par une crise multidimensionnelle à la fois politique, ... more Le Mali, depuis une décennie, est secoué par une crise
multidimensionnelle à la fois politique, sécuritaire et humanitaire dont
les soubresauts continuent d’affecter le quotidien des citoyens. Les
violences engendrées par les conflits au nord, et les affrontements
intercommunautaires au centre du pays, ont poussé des milliers de
personnes à quitter leurs localités pour s’installer dans les grandes
villes, notamment Bamako et ses environnants. Parmi ces déplacés,
nombreuses sont des femmes accompagnées de leurs enfants, qui
vivent dans des situations difficiles loin de leurs villages, chez des
proches ou dans de nouveaux espaces urbains. Cette étude se penche
sur la vague migratoire des populations civiles, victimes d’exactions,
des zones de conflits vers Bamako. Partant du principe que la gent
féminine, dans les situations de conflit, reste la cible privilégiée d’abus
(viols) car utilisée comme arme de guerre, cette recherche vise à
déterminer le quotidien des femmes déplacées dans les camps de
réfugiés à Bamako. A travers des entretiens individuels et des focus
groupes, l’étude vise á appréhender les stratégies d’autonomisation,
d’adaptation, de résilience et de survie élaborées par les femmes
déplacées coupées de leur habitat naturel, et obligées de s’adapter et de
se réinventer pour survivre dans ces camps.
Alliance for African Partnership Perspectives
The global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected, in many regards, education in... more The global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected, in many regards, education institutions' activities worldwide. In the Malian context, where inclass or face-to-face teaching/learning was standard, it led, to a significant degree, to major disruptions in the teaching/learning process. Due to the government's lack of official concerted strategies and mechanisms to mitigate education loss, Malian universities, separately, developed independent schemes as to address students' needs. This study aims at shedding light on the academic strategies adopted by Malian universities in facing the COVID pandemic. Based on a qualitative research method, our investigation covers exclusively public universities because, in terms of policies, private universities operate out of the governments control. This research is built on interviews covering key members of the education fields: deans, chancellors, heads of departments, and teachers. The data collected from this investigation give some insights into the government's anti-COVID plans nationwide and a glimpse of how public universities dealt with this crisis, and finally, some prospects for the future.
This paper examines the autobiography of Fadhma Aïth Mansour, Histoire de ma vie (HMV)and Bessie... more This paper examines the autobiography of Fadhma Aïth Mansour,
Histoire de ma vie (HMV)and Bessie Head‘s autofiction, A Question of
Power (QP), from a comparative perspective in order to map out their
exilic experiences and strategies of survival, negotiations of identity, and
of belonging in their adopted homelands. Even though they come from
different geographical, cultural and racial background (Amrouche is Algerian while Head is a Colored South African born), their lives and migratory trajectories bear striking similarities, and both move from oppression, exclusion to social acceptance and integration thanks to their new
acquired skills. The aim of this study is to cast light on these areas of
commonalities and unpack the hidden story of their birth woven into very
conservative societies where children born out of wedlock and outside the
desired racial or religious line, bear the full brunt of social rejection and
isolation. Emphasis will be placed also on how these two pieces of autobiographical sketches represent ‗home‘ and ‗exile‘ and the physical and
emotional tensions that inform the migrated female subjects‘ relationships to such dialectical spaces.
Keywords: Fadhna Aïth Mansour, Bessie Head, identity, exile, migration, autobiography, autofiction, Algeria, South A
Alliance for African Partnership Perspectives, Volume 1, 2021: African Universities and the COVID-19 Pandemic, pp. 35-41 (Article
The global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected, in many regards, education in... more The global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak affected, in many regards, education institutions' activities worldwide. In the Malian context, where inclass or face-to-face teaching/learning was standard, it led, to a significant degree, to major disruptions in the teaching/learning process. Due to the government's lack of official concerted strategies and mechanisms to mitigate education loss, Malian universities, separately, developed independent schemes as to address students' needs. This study aims at shedding light on the academic strategies adopted by Malian universities in facing the COVID pandemic. Based on a qualitative research method, our investigation covers exclusively public universities because, in terms of policies, private universities operate out of the governments control. This research is built on interviews covering key members of the education fields: deans, chancellors, heads of departments, and teachers. The data collected from this investigation give some insights into the government's anti-COVID plans nationwide and a glimpse of how public universities dealt with this crisis, and finally, some prospects for the future.
International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education
The system of online trade or e-business is popular and practical in developed countries. So, som... more The system of online trade or e-business is popular and practical in developed countries. So, some African youths simulate Europeans, set attractive bait to which their victims-often Europeans or Americans-bite without any possibility to uncover the real identity of their scammers. This is part of African social reality that deserves to be transcribed in books. Ben Akponine-Samuel has understood it and has fictionalized it through his booklet The Yahoo Millionaires in a very instructive way. After the reading of the book I am more and even better convinced that easy wealth acquirement is like dry straw fire which does not last. He makes the readers understand that for the youths in Africa, amassing secondary and university degrees and qualifications doesn't matter but what matters is making money no matter the used means. The story is indeed instructive in so far as it makes Steve, the narrator, regret his behavioural metamorphose caused by immoderate and uncontrolled ambition for wealth. By begrudging the nice and earthly material wealth of Dele and Alexboth his former secondary classmates and living a
International Journal of Research in English, Jun 30, 2021
Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled t... more Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled to work their guts out without any possibility to get compensated or rewarded, slavery, for some centuries, had been implemented under various forms from one country to another. From the antiquity to the twentieth century, thralldom had been a profitable business that gangrened the African continent. Thus being, African and African American thinkers shoulder the mission to dust archives and lift the curtain of history to retell and re-narrate the episode of drudgery; among them Leonoa Miano and Toni Morrison. The purpose of this article is to examine the trauma of slavery from a comparative, matrifocal and afrocentred perspective so as to highlight commonalities and differences between Leonora Miano's La Saison de l'ombre and Toni Morrison's Beloved. Inspired by the infamous history of slavery, these two award-winning novels not only conjure up the ordeal of slavery, but they also catalyze its haunting memory for the sake of healing, so that both characters and readers could be cleansed off its tantalizing grip and achieve catharsis and redemption. For this end, La Saison de l'ombre and Beloved are woven around feminine counter-narratives that exhibit counter-memories which are often glossed over or overlooked in both African and Euro-American phallocentric official narratives. Through a comparative approach, we spotlighted the whole process of slavery, from the captivity in Africa to enslavement in America.
L'Harmattan Sénégal, 2023
Autobiography has been one of the earliest literary genre used by African women to represent thei... more Autobiography has been one of the earliest literary genre used by African
women to represent their true identities and challenge patriarchal, racial dominations
and stereotypes since the period of slavery. Today, the autobiographical form is used
by many African women to shed light on personal struggles and achievements,
denounce oppressive regimes and negotiate their identity and place in a shifting global
world informed by the silencing of African women’s voice and agency. This paper
analyzes Wangari Maathai’s Unbowed (2006) as a gendered life-narrative embedded
in “dissent pedagogies” and a decolonial and ecofeminist praxis. The gist of the paper
is to examine Maathai’s ecofeminist and militant perspective through her deft use of
the pedagogy of liberation and civic engagement which become the crux of her
dissident stance. The paper will shed light also on the way autobiographical writing
becomes a springboard for the author-narrator to subvert established sexist and
patriarchal norms and restore the image of the Kenyan women and the indigenous
Kikuyu culture of environnement conservation. Finally, attention will be paid to the
rhetorical strategies of women and community empowerment developed by the author to implement her ecofeminist agenda while transgressing the gender codes and political conservatism of her society.
Keywords : autobiography, dissidence, ecofeminism, pedagogy of liberation, Wangari Maathai
Choosing Mariama Bâ (1929–1981) as an entry point into the discussion of intergenerational femi... more Choosing Mariama Bâ (1929–1981) as an
entry point into the discussion of intergenerational feminism in Senegal is neither
fortuitous nor coincidental. She not only “distinguishes herself from her contemporaries in her choice of genre” (a letter novel, which is not common)1 , she sets the tone for the feminist debate by problematising
“the treatment of women in Africa” with much poise and depth.
Si le concept d’émancipation semble galvaudé aujourd’hui car détrôné par de nouveaux vocables com... more Si le concept d’émancipation semble galvaudé aujourd’hui car détrôné par de nouveaux vocables comme
autonomisation, empowerment ou résilience, sa pertinence reste d’actualité dans les études du genre vu
les récentes mobilisations féministes et les différentes législations qui font de la promotion de l’égalité
hommes-femmes, une condition sine qua non de l’atteinte des Objectifs de Développement Durable. Partant,
cette étude se penche sur l’expression de l’émancipation féminine dans Sous l’Orage de Seydou Badian
et Sous Fer de Fatoumata Keita afin de mettre en exergue les différentes stratégies et pratiques discursives
mobilisées par les auteurs et leurs protagonistes pour libérer les filles des chaînes de la tradition et du joug
patriarcal.
S’inscrivant dans une approche féministe et intertextuelle, ce travail vise á montrer que malgré le fossé
générationnel entre ces deux auteurs maliens, leurs œuvres convergent autour de la condition féminine avec
comme toile de fond, le conflit inter-générationnel et culturel. Même s’ils semblent d’accord sur la nécessité
et l’urgence de cette émancipation féminine qui passe avant tout par l’éducation et la sensibilisation, ces
auteurs montrent avec acuité qu’elle se ne fera pas sans les hommes et sans rixes, car les racines des rites
qui emprisonnent les femmes sont solidement ancrées.
Mots-clés: émancipation féminine, tradition, modernité, conflit des générations, féminisme, intertextualité
John Kwasi Yeboah: Obstacles to the use of renewable energies and energy efficiency in the framew... more John Kwasi Yeboah: Obstacles to the use of renewable energies and energy efficiency in the framework of a regional climate change policy in West Africa No. 8-2014 Naffet KEITA: L'État-Nation du Mali en Crises ?
Les écrits des femmes, qu’ils soient d’expression française ou anglaise s’inspirent des réalités ... more Les écrits des femmes, qu’ils soient d’expression française ou
anglaise s’inspirent des réalités socio-culturelles africaines et les
vicissitudes de la vie quotidienne des populations africaines. Á l’instar
des écrits de leurs homologues masculins, les femmes de lettres
africaines “décortiquent les valeurs culturelles et citoyennes du
continent africain et d’ailleurs.” Même si elles se trouvent aujourd’hui
“ballottées entre émancipation et survie”, leur littérature est á la fois
libre et engagée (Kane, 2009). Elles rendent compte avec acuité les
conflits, les contradictions et les turbulences d’une Afrique en quête
d’identité et de repères dans un monde en perpétuelle mutation.
Cependant, cette écriture est restée longtemps invisible et marginale
au point que parler des écrivaines africaines revenait á mettre « en
lumière une exceptionnalité » (Bréant, 2012: 118) d’où la tendance
transgressive et rebelle de cette écriture (Cazenave, 1996). Ce travail se propose d’engager une
reflexion sur la représentation de l’intervention sociale des femmes
dans Notre force est infinie (2012) de Leymah Gbowee et Rebelle de
Fatou Keita afin de voir, dans quelle mesure, cette représentation
confirme et conforte les théories de l’intervention sociale des femmes
d’une part, et d’autre part, le rôle de l’écriture féminine comme une
208
forme d’intervention féministe et un outil d’empowerment et de
résilience des femmes.
This paper examines the tie between masculinity and gender-based violence in Toni Morrison’s Par... more This paper examines the tie between masculinity and gender-based violence in Toni
Morrison’s Paradise and suggests that certain types of masculinity not only imperil
women’s “safe-spaces” but also legitimate femicide. Following Raewyn Connell’s and
James Messerschmidt’s work on “hegemonic masculinity’’ and its recent
reformulation by Messerschmidt, the paper contends that Morrison’s Paradise revolves
around two mutually exclusive types of masculinity. On the one hand, the novel
contests and challenges “dominating masculinity” or “hegemonic masculinity” that
reinforces gender inequality and condones femicide against women. On the other, it
promotes “positive” and “redemptive” masculinity that fosters gender equality,
women’s security and empowerment. While hegemonic masculinities stifle women’s
creativity, inspiration, nurturing roles, and their cultural and spiritual ethos,
“redemptive” and “positive” masculinities in contrast, showcase these qualities because
they are dialogic, power-sharing, life-giving, and not life-threatening or lethal.
Positive masculinities give a glimpse of the author’s idealized, egalitarian, and peaceful
community.
Keywords: femicide, women’s safe space, hegemonic masculinity, positive
masculinity, Toni Morrison, Paradise
Toni Morrison is a talented novelist and storyteller whose reputation is strongly established out... more Toni Morrison is a talented novelist and storyteller whose reputation is strongly established outside the United States long before her reception of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993. A Mercy (2008), her ninth novel, addresses the issue of slavery from the perspective of African and Indian victims. It is set in the 17 th century when the slave trade was burgeoning and was not racially stamped. This study seeks to shed light on the strategies of emancipation and identity reconstruction put forward by female figures to deconstruct the hegemonic discourse and transcend its narrow confines, by dwelling in other spatio-temporal locations in order to tell their story. Relying on the notions of chronotopia, which shows how time and space are interlaced, and heterotopia, which refers to "other spaces," those of subversion, resistance, and emancipation, this study approaches Morrison's A Mercy through the lenses of Bakhtin and Foucault to show how isotopies and patterns of space and time are constructed around metaphorical networks of resistance and resilience.
The Representation of Female Circumcision in Alice Walker’s Possessing the Secret of Joy and Fatou Keïta’s Rebelle
This paper examines the contentious and highly sensitive issue of female circumcision in the fct... more This paper examines the contentious and highly sensitive issue of female circumcision in the fction of two black women writers namely, Alice Walker’s Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992) and
Fatou Keïta’s Rebelle (1998). It explores the way selected female writers represent the practice
through the lenses of the victims. The paper argues that female circumcision, renamed under the
acronym of FGM/C (Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting), constitutes along with polygamy and
levirate the holy trinity of age-old patriarchal practices that endanger women’s sanity, security and
wholeness. If polygamy has been a constant concern of women’s literature, particularly francophone ones, female circumcision has remained for a long time an unspeakable taboo. In the novels
under study, it is established that it is a cultural conundrum that places women in an ambiguous
position in the patriarchal institution as both oppressors and victims, hence, their ambivalence
towards it. The study highlights the narrative stratagems deployed by the selected female writers in
order to offer a critical analysis of the female genital cutting from a comparative and gender-sensitive perspective. In the novels under study, the theme becomes the touchstone of the authors’
activism against all forms of gender-based violence as well as a trope for social change, women’s
empowerment and agency.
Key Terms: Female Circumcision, women’s empowerment, gender-based violence, female
agency Alice Walker, Fatou Keita.
Entre tradition et transgression : le discours sur la Ĩemme dans La terre et le sang de Mouloud Feraoun, Une si longue lettre de Mariama Bą et Un mari en garde partagée de Fatou Fanny‐Cissé
>e présent article analyse le discours sur la femme dans La terre et le sang ;1953Ϳ de l’écrivai... more >e présent article analyse le discours sur la femme dans La terre et le sang ;1953Ϳ
de l’écrivain algérien Mouloud &eraoun, Une si longue lettre ;1979Ϳ de l’écrivaine
sénégalaise Mariama ą et Un mari en garde partagée ;2014Ϳ de l’écrivaine
ivoirienne &atou &anny‐Cissé afin de voir le traitement réservé à la femme dans ces
différentes sphères culturelles à la fois proches et dissemblables. >’objectif
principal de cette étude comparative est de mettre en exergue les stratégies
discursives mobilisées par les figures féminines pour s’émanciper des diktats
patriarcaux afin de se redéfinir en leurs propres termes. >’étude révèle que les
différentes protagonistes sont soumises au mġme traitement délétère dans ces
sociétés, et de ce fait, elles aspirent à s’imposer malgré les obstacles qui empġchent
leur épanouissement. Zeléguées au statut de subalterne, ces femmes luttent sans
cesse pour améliorer leurs conditions afin de faire évoluer les mentalités. nfin,
l’étude conclut que la femme en Afrique est en quġte continuelle de liberté, de
reconnaissance, et d’épanouissement quelle que soit la société dans laquelle elle
vit.
Mots-clés : discours sur la femme, tradition, transgression, Mariama Ba, Fatou Fanny‐Cissé, féminisme, Mouloud Feraoun.
Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled t... more Regarded as a state of servitude through which an individual or a group of persons is compelled to work their guts out without any possibility to get compensated or rewarded, slavery, for some centuries, had been implemented under various forms from one country to another. From the antiquity to the twentieth century, thralldom had been a profitable business that gangrened the African continent. Thus being, African and African American thinkers shoulder the mission to dust archives and lift the curtain of history to retell and re-narrate the episode of drudgery; among them Leonoa Miano and Toni Morrison. The purpose of this article is to examine the trauma of slavery from a comparative, matrifocal and afrocentred perspective so as to highlight commonalities and differences between Leonora Miano's La Saison de l'ombre and Toni Morrison's Beloved. Inspired by the infamous history of slavery, these two award-winning novels not only conjure up the ordeal of slavery, but they also catalyze its haunting memory for the sake of healing, so that both characters and readers could be cleansed off its tantalizing grip and achieve catharsis and redemption. For this end, La Saison de l'ombre and Beloved are woven around feminine counter-narratives that exhibit counter-memories which are often glossed over or overlooked in both African and Euro-American phallocentric official narratives. Through a comparative approach, we spotlighted the whole process of slavery, from the captivity in Africa to enslavement in America.
Assessing the Negative Effects of Racism and Capitalist Culture on Black Progress in the US
In the 1960s, a century after the Emancipation Proclamation, former slaves still stood at the bo... more In the 1960s, a century after the Emancipation Proclamation, former slaves still
stood at the bottom of wealth and income ladders. Many scholars blamed the
underdevelopment of the ghetto on blacks’ lack of awareness about capitalist
culture. As a result, President Nixon, in 1968, launched the Southern Strategy—a
financial scheme based on black entrepreneurship. However, half a century after
the implementation of this plan, black economic liberation did not materialize. This
study aims at assessing Nixon’s financial program’s impact on Blacks’ conditions.
This paper, taking a descriptive analytical approach driven from books on the
subject, is structured around the theory of wealth. After a historical overview of
white America’s economic success, this inquiry indicates that the Southern Strategy
was an economic detour. It backs the idea that Blacks’ individual effort, without
federal sponsorship and economic inclusivity, striking against institutional racism,
could not help launch the engines of black development.
Keywords: Black entrepreneurship, capitalism, economic detour, racism, slavery,
wealth inequality.
The present study explores the inferences of language and gender construction within North-Africa... more The present study explores the inferences of language and gender construction within North-African states. Enthused by Assia Djebar, francophone novelist, and Ahlem Mostaghanemi, arabophone novelist, it purposes to examine how the notions of freedom and language are profoundly entwined. Centering on their womanist discourse, it scrutinizes how historiography and gender determination impact identity construction. The study also inspects the import of language as a powerful instrument in articulating Algerian female self-determination. In the light of Djebar's L'Amour, la fantasia (1985), and Mostaghanemi's Dhakirat al-Jasad (1993), this study explores Arabic and French languages as sociological instruments for women's freedom. Through the stratagem of comparative study, it scrutinizes how history and autobiography provide the perfect site to discuss political resilience in the midst of a male hegemonic social system. More precisely, it highlights the notions of postcolonialism and identity politics that need querying the North-African familial schemes and the broader social dilemmas. système social hégémonique masculin. Plus précisément, elle met en lumière les notions de postcolonialisme et de politique identitaire qui nécessitent une remise en question des schémas familiaux nord-africains et des dilemmes sociaux exogènes.