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Papers by farzad najafipour

Immunopathologia Persa, Nov 30, 2020

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine system malignancies with 9 out o... more Introduction: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine system malignancies with 9 out of 100,000 estimated annual incidence and papillary carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) increases blood insulin levels by creating insulin resistance. Many studies have suggested the role of insulin resistance in the prognosis of PTC. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in patients with PTC and to compare the relationship between insulin resistance and disease severity, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 68 patients with PTC diagnosis examined for metastasis by whole body scan and cervical lymph nodes by ultrasound were included in this study. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was also performed on subjects. Results: In this study 68 patients (76.5% female and 23.5% male) were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 44.2 ± 13.8 years. The mean serum level of fasting blood glucose (FBG in patients was 103.14 ± 21.8 mg/dL and the mean 2 hours past-prandial was 145.12 ± 22.37 mg/dL. Statistically significant lymphatic involvement was observed in 25% of patients between insulin resistance and nodal involvement (P = 0.03). A significantly higher metastasis was also observed in 16.2% of patients with glucose intolerance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the rate of insulin resistance in PTC patients is significantly higher and glucose intolerance in these patients is associated with increased lymphatic involvement and increased risk of metastasis and poor prognosis.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mar 6, 2015

Pioglitazone treatment in T2DM results in improving lipid profile including decrease in triglycer... more Pioglitazone treatment in T2DM results in improving lipid profile including decrease in triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decrease in serum fatty acids [

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Jan 31, 2016

Background: Changes in the environment and living conditions are associated with changes in physi... more Background: Changes in the environment and living conditions are associated with changes in physical and cognitive functions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a two-month military service period on soldiers' general health, social physique anxiety, and body mass index. Materials and Methods: The sample included all soldiers in Isfahan's army garrison training period. A 28-item questionnaire on general health, a social physique anxiety questionnaire (Hart et al. 1989) that measured the social physical anxiety and the ratio of weight to the height square calculating body mass index. Results: The results of the paired t-test showed that there were significant differences in pre-test and post-test scores on the general health aspects of anxiety and social physique anxiety and there were no significant differences in other aspects of soldiers' general health and body mass index. This suggests that the two-month training period affects only the variables of anxiety (anxiety, insomnia, and social physique anxiety). Conclusions: The findings showed that the military training period can significantly affect anxiety, but it cannot affect the health and body mass index.

EBNESINA, Oct 15, 2013

Background: The functional treatments of sprained ankle are widely used and accepted by physician... more Background: The functional treatments of sprained ankle are widely used and accepted by physicians. However, reviewing the literature was not conclusive regarding the effectiveness of different kinds of functional treatments. The present study was an attempt to compare orthotic taping with ankle bracing in the treatment of sprained ankle at one of the military schools. Materials and Methods: All injured patients with acute sprained ankle received standard treatments (rest, ice, compressive bandage and elevation) at the clinic. After 5-7 days, 150 patients with grade II and III injury were randomly assigned to two different groups: one group was treated with taping and the other one with bracing for 4 weeks. Standard post-injury training was performed for both groups in the same way. Patients' satisfaction and their skin complications were assessed using a questionnaire and a numerical scale for outcome evaluation. Then, the functioning of the ankle joint was examined using Karlsson's scoring scale and its range of motion (ROM). Results: Those treated with bracing reported much more comfort and satisfaction than those treated with taping, and skin complications were significantly lower in them (16.4% vs. 51.9%). However, the ankle joint functioning and the perceived pain were the same for both groups. Conclusion: Treatment of sprained ankle with bracing was more eligible from patients' point of view, but in the case of the functional aspects, both treatments were found to be the same.

11th European Congress of Endocrinology, Apr 1, 2009

Annals of Saudi Medicine, Sep 1, 2008

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron overload is a major problem in patients with beta-thalassemia maj... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron overload is a major problem in patients with beta-thalassemia major, and it has many structural and metabolic consequences. The aim of this study was evaluation of endocrine disturbances in patients with beta-thalassemia major who were older than 10 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, investigators collected demographic data and medical histories, as well as menstrual history in females, from the medical records of 56 patients with beta-thalassemia major. Patients were examined to determine their pubertal status and the standard deviation score for height for evaluation of short stature. For evaluation of glucose tolerance, a fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test were performed. Evidence for diabetes mellitus was based on American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization criteria. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorous, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxin, luteinizing hormone and follicular-stimulating hormone, and estradiol in girls and testosterone in boys were measured. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation for age in the 56 patients (36 males and 20 females) was 15.62±4.44 years. Diabetes mellitus was present in 5 patients (8.9%), impaired fasting glucose was found in 16 patients (28.6%) and an impaired glucose tolerance test was found in 4 patients (7.1%). Short stature (standard deviation score <-2) was seen in 25 (70%) boys and 14 (73%) girls. Impaired puberty was found in 40 patients (71%). Hypocalcaemia and primary overt hypothyroidism were present in 23 (41%) and 9 patients (16%), respectively. Only eight patients (14.3%) had no endocrine abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Despite therapy with deferoxamine to treat iron overload, the risk of secondary endocrine dysfunction remained high. Hypogonadism was one of the most frequent endocrine complications. Impaired glucose tolerance, short stature, hypocalcemia, subclinical and overt hypothyroidism are also frequent.

Immunopathologia Persa, Jul 17, 2020

Introduction: The role of stress in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease has been highlighted in m... more Introduction: The role of stress in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease has been highlighted in many studies. The hereditary pattern of Graves' disease is uncertain because various genetic and environmental factors are known. One of the most important environmental factors is stress. Any kind of stress, such as physical and emotional, can flare or create Graves' disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical aspects of "stress-induced" and "non-stress induced" Graves' disease. Patients and Methods: This study evaluated 148 patients with Graves's disease. According to perceived stress scale (PSS) all patients were divided into two groups; stress and non-stress induced Graves' group. Chi-square test was used to determine statistical difference in qualitative variables. Results: The mean ± standard deviation perceived stress scale score in 53 patients in stress induced Graves' disease was 40.24±6.53 and in 95 patients in non-stress induced Graves' disease was 18.47±3.90. In this study the onset of Graves' disease is more severe in the stress induced Graves' disease, however the level of antithyroid peroxidase was significantly lower. Duration of methimazole since diagnosis and doses of methimazole in the stress induced Graves' group was shorter than non-stress induced Graves' group (P < 0.001 and 0.032 respectively) and percent of male was significantly higher in stress induced Graves' group (P = 0.002). Conclusion: According to this study, clinical characteristics of stress induced Graves' disease differ with non-stress induced Graves' disease. Generally, severity of disease in stress induced Graves' group was initially more severe (higher FT4 in this group), but duration of disease was shorter than non-stress induced Graves' disease, and these patients had smaller size of goiter and lower anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody (anti-TOP Ab).

Immunopathologia Persa, May 2, 2022

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common findings in women of childbearing age that c... more Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common findings in women of childbearing age that could affect fertility rate, pregnancy outcome and complications after pregnancy. These diseases also correlated with other autoimmune diseases. Objectives: In this study, we aim to evaluate the autoimmune thyroid disease in women aged 35 to 45 years based on Azar cohort study data. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 507 women 35-45 years old without previous thyroid disease from Azar cohort study were evaluated. Demographic findings, data related to previous pregnancies, abortion, miscarriage, infertility and gestational diabetes were recorded for all patients. Blood samples were taken from all patients to measure TSH and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) levels. Anti-TPO levels ≥40 IU/mL were considered positive. Results: In the studied women, miscarriage occurred in 5.3%, abortion in 27.6% and infertility in 7.3%. Gestational diabetes was reported in 3.9%. The positive anti-TPO prevalence was 21.5%. Patients with positive anti-TPO compared to those with negative anti-TPO had significantly higher cases of hypothyroidism (P < 0.001). There was no difference between patients with and without positive anti-TPO regarding miscarriage (5% versus 6.4%), abortion (27.4% versus 28.4%), infertility (7.5% versus 6.4%) and gestational diabetes (7.9% versus 3.6%) (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between age and anti-TPO levels. Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid antibodies in our study population is higher than previous studies. Anti-TPO positivity has no significant effect on pregnancy outcome in this population. Further studies are necessary to define the exact effect of anti-TPO on pregnancy outcomes.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Apr 7, 2023

Background: Oxidative stress is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic... more Background: Oxidative stress is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). A growing body of evidence indicates that oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a bioactive lipid mediator, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This trial investigated the effects of OEA administration on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters of patients with NAFLD. Methods: The present randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 obese patients with NAFLD. The patients were treated with OEA (250 mg/day) or placebo along with a low-calorie diet for 12 weeks. Inflammatory markers and oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters were evaluated pre-and post-intervention. Results: At the end of the study, neither the between-group changes, nor the within-group differences were significant for serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis-factor α (TNF-α). Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased and serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) significantly decreased in the OEA group compared to placebo at study endpoint (p = 0.039, 0.018, 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Although, no significant between-group alterations were found in glutathione peroxidase and catalase. There were significant correlations between percent of changes in serum oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters with percent of changes in some anthropometric indices in the intervention group. Conclusion: OEA supplementation could improve some oxidative stress/ antioxidant biomarkers without any significant effect on inflammation in

Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research, 2018

Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of hyperglycemia. It has different prevalence in various... more Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of hyperglycemia. It has different prevalence in various populations. It has been found out that type 2 diabetes is a genetic disorder; however, its inheritance and its type have not been well defined. In studying the genes involved in the development of diabetes, several genes have been introduced as candidates; however, the gene or genes involved in diabetes cannot be identified yet. As family diabetes has not been studied in Iran so far, this study was conducted on a population aged over 20 years in east of Tehran. In a population of 14,687 people living in east of Tehran, 180 families with type 2 diabetes were identified. In this research, 802 subjects were female and 792 were male. After oral glucose tolerance test, 40.7% of females and 32.3% of males had diabetes. The incidence of diabetes in females was significantly higher than that in males (P < 0.001). It was found that 656 diabetic patients had age over 20 years, which most of them had age between 41 and 70 years. The highest number of diabetic patients was in the age group of 51-60 years. The percentage of offspring and siblings involvement in this sample was 44% and 53%, respectively. The highest level of involvement among the first-degree family members belonged to sister-brother, followed by father-daughter. This study shows the relationship between family diabetes in Iranian families in a demographic study. By recognizing the family relations, effective measures can be taken to prevent this disease. In the case of type 2 diabetes development in one member of family, the incidence of diabetes in other family members would increase by up to 50%. Thus, screening is suggested for all type 2 diabetic family members continuously so that the disease to be immediately diagnosed and treated to prevent major complications of diabetes.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2019

Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.255). Written informed consent was also obtained from all patients p... more Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.255). Written informed consent was also obtained from all patients prior to any intervention. The diabetic patients with or without foot ulcer involvement were selected according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Pregnant women or patients with vitamin D supplement consumption over the past six months, patients with cancer, rheumatologic, blood, cardiovascular, lung, and moderate to severe renal or liver diseases were excluded from the study. The general characteristics of patients such as age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI and grade of ulcer were analysed using a questionnaire. The foot ulcer was examined and classified as per Wagner ulcer classification system. Overnight fasting blood (8 mL) was collected and serum biochemical markers and 25(OH)D were estimated

Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 2018

Introduction: PCOS is characterized by menstrual disorders due to chronic anovulation and hyperan... more Introduction: PCOS is characterized by menstrual disorders due to chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenemia. It is considered as one of the most common endocrine disorders at reproductive ages. Hirsutism, menstrual disorders, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, infertility and spontaneous abortion are common in PCOS. This disease is often diagnosed clinically. According to the pathophysiology of the disease, insulin resistance can play a major role in PCOS etiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes, IFG and IGT, and their association with the symptoms of PCOS. Materials and methods: A total of 82 patients with PCOS were selected. FBS and OGTT were performed after prescribing 75 g glucose. The results of the study were evaluated using SPSS 21 software and Chi-square and one-way ANOVA statistical tests. Results: Hirsutism and menstrual disorders are the most common symptoms in PCOS patients. Although the frequency of diabetes, IFG and IGT increases with age and BMI in a PCOS family, but it is seen at any age and BMI. Insulin resistance was more common in patients with PCOS. Conclusion: The frequency of diabetes in our study was 9.7%, which is not significantly different from another study. The rate of IGT and IFG in patients was 14.6% and 9.8%, respectively, which is slightly lower than that of other studies and it is probably due to the low number of participants in the study and due the fact that our patients were new case of PCOS.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 2020

Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 2018

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Jul 11, 2017

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Aug 30, 2016

Background: Exercise therapy is commonly used for treatment of chronic low back pain. Evidence fo... more Background: Exercise therapy is commonly used for treatment of chronic low back pain. Evidence for efficacy of most exercise therapy modalities is weak or lacking. This study aimed to execute a high-quality, clinical trial of a single innovative new home exercise ("Farshad exercise") to determine the efficacy for treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain patients. Methods: Patients: The cases included chronic non-specific low back pain patients aged between 19 and 64 years, with pain of at least three months in duration. Patients had no significant signs or symptoms of lumbosacral nerve impingement, malignancy, spinal stenosis, or mood disorders. The study design involved CT with 113 subjects. Samples were stratified by workers compensation claim (yes vs. no), and use of opioids. The null hypothesis of this study was "no statistically significant improvement in function of patients during and at the end of the 12-week treatment period". Data collection: subjective data were collected using database management collection tools. Objective data were obtained through functional assessments. Data were collected at enrollment (baseline) and on the fourth, eighth, and twelfth week for each participant by a blinded assessor. Intervention: A new home exercise was designed by the author (Farshad exercise). Each patient had identical numbers of visits (4) and researcher contact time (approximately 15 hours). Results: The primary outcome measure was the Oswestry disability index. Secondary measures included visual analog scale (VAS) pain score. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline (0), fourth, eighth, and twelfth week. Treatment failure was defined if the patient terminated treatment for non-efficacy or underwent invasive procedure or other excluded co-interventions. Conclusions: Study strengths included controlling for co-interventions, rigorous inclusion criteria, assessment of compliance, plans for limiting dropout, identical assessment methods and timing.

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Feb 20, 2015

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, May 25, 2014

The dominancy in combat depends on several factors including objectives, strategies, weapons and ... more The dominancy in combat depends on several factors including objectives, strategies, weapons and materials, technology, numbers of soldiers, and of course, the human element. More specifically, cohesion, e.g. interpersonal bond of an organization in order to sustain their will and commitment to each other, their unit, and the mission, plays a major role in this regard. Importantly, defining the objectives and purposes of the battle, appropriate and timely logistic support, structural organization with regard to individual characteristics, and leadership would influence military cohesion. Furthermore, motivation and control, surveillance and conformity, commonality of values and societal factors play important role on the small unit cohesion. However, civic education is most effective in the soldiers’ contribution and resistance within and after a battle. Then commanders and leaders construct the bases of cohesion in their unit by assessing the individual psychological state, societal condition, and spiritual characteristics to obtain success during a confrontation. In this literature review, several psychological aspects of cohesion are outlined. JAMM International expects receiving expert opinions from military systems in respect of their own cultural and organization characteristics, and requirements for a discussion. Keywords: Combat Disorders; Psychology; Military Medicine; Cohesion

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Nov 10, 2015

Background: Risk factors for low back pain (LBP) among the deployed forces are still under shadow... more Background: Risk factors for low back pain (LBP) among the deployed forces are still under shadow, while the consequences of LBP are already clarified. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the LBP risk factors associated with deployment-related exposures. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted as a questionnaire-based cohort study, in which 3862 Iranian soldiers participated. Results: Of the 1360 respondents, 350 (26%) reported LBP. The potential of nonresponse bias for the population of respondents was adjusted and the relationships between explanatory variables and LBP were analyzed using models of ordinal logistic regression. After the adjustment of all other variables, older age (P = 0.016), support from leaders (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, P = 0.019), psychological stress (OR = 1.71, P = 0.009), working in depots or storehouses (OR = 2.60, P = 0.041), and awkward working positions (OR = 1.98, P = 0.001) were found to be associated with LBP. Maneuver and traffic accidents, sport or exposure to work, and lifestyle were not associated with LBP in this study, which was the result of the actual deployment only. Conclusions: In this study older age, lack of support from leaders, psychological stress, awkward working positions, and working in depots or storehouses were significantly associated with LBP after the adjustment of all other variables. Preventive measures should include predeployment preparation of leaders to cope with LBP and other musculoskeletal troubles among their subordinates and involve trained medical staff and specialized physiotherapists, advising soldiers of different military occupational specialties on how to optimize ergonomics at work.

Immunopathologia Persa, Nov 30, 2020

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine system malignancies with 9 out o... more Introduction: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine system malignancies with 9 out of 100,000 estimated annual incidence and papillary carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) increases blood insulin levels by creating insulin resistance. Many studies have suggested the role of insulin resistance in the prognosis of PTC. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in patients with PTC and to compare the relationship between insulin resistance and disease severity, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 68 patients with PTC diagnosis examined for metastasis by whole body scan and cervical lymph nodes by ultrasound were included in this study. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was also performed on subjects. Results: In this study 68 patients (76.5% female and 23.5% male) were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 44.2 ± 13.8 years. The mean serum level of fasting blood glucose (FBG in patients was 103.14 ± 21.8 mg/dL and the mean 2 hours past-prandial was 145.12 ± 22.37 mg/dL. Statistically significant lymphatic involvement was observed in 25% of patients between insulin resistance and nodal involvement (P = 0.03). A significantly higher metastasis was also observed in 16.2% of patients with glucose intolerance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the rate of insulin resistance in PTC patients is significantly higher and glucose intolerance in these patients is associated with increased lymphatic involvement and increased risk of metastasis and poor prognosis.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mar 6, 2015

Pioglitazone treatment in T2DM results in improving lipid profile including decrease in triglycer... more Pioglitazone treatment in T2DM results in improving lipid profile including decrease in triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decrease in serum fatty acids [

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Jan 31, 2016

Background: Changes in the environment and living conditions are associated with changes in physi... more Background: Changes in the environment and living conditions are associated with changes in physical and cognitive functions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a two-month military service period on soldiers' general health, social physique anxiety, and body mass index. Materials and Methods: The sample included all soldiers in Isfahan's army garrison training period. A 28-item questionnaire on general health, a social physique anxiety questionnaire (Hart et al. 1989) that measured the social physical anxiety and the ratio of weight to the height square calculating body mass index. Results: The results of the paired t-test showed that there were significant differences in pre-test and post-test scores on the general health aspects of anxiety and social physique anxiety and there were no significant differences in other aspects of soldiers' general health and body mass index. This suggests that the two-month training period affects only the variables of anxiety (anxiety, insomnia, and social physique anxiety). Conclusions: The findings showed that the military training period can significantly affect anxiety, but it cannot affect the health and body mass index.

EBNESINA, Oct 15, 2013

Background: The functional treatments of sprained ankle are widely used and accepted by physician... more Background: The functional treatments of sprained ankle are widely used and accepted by physicians. However, reviewing the literature was not conclusive regarding the effectiveness of different kinds of functional treatments. The present study was an attempt to compare orthotic taping with ankle bracing in the treatment of sprained ankle at one of the military schools. Materials and Methods: All injured patients with acute sprained ankle received standard treatments (rest, ice, compressive bandage and elevation) at the clinic. After 5-7 days, 150 patients with grade II and III injury were randomly assigned to two different groups: one group was treated with taping and the other one with bracing for 4 weeks. Standard post-injury training was performed for both groups in the same way. Patients' satisfaction and their skin complications were assessed using a questionnaire and a numerical scale for outcome evaluation. Then, the functioning of the ankle joint was examined using Karlsson's scoring scale and its range of motion (ROM). Results: Those treated with bracing reported much more comfort and satisfaction than those treated with taping, and skin complications were significantly lower in them (16.4% vs. 51.9%). However, the ankle joint functioning and the perceived pain were the same for both groups. Conclusion: Treatment of sprained ankle with bracing was more eligible from patients' point of view, but in the case of the functional aspects, both treatments were found to be the same.

11th European Congress of Endocrinology, Apr 1, 2009

Annals of Saudi Medicine, Sep 1, 2008

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron overload is a major problem in patients with beta-thalassemia maj... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron overload is a major problem in patients with beta-thalassemia major, and it has many structural and metabolic consequences. The aim of this study was evaluation of endocrine disturbances in patients with beta-thalassemia major who were older than 10 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, investigators collected demographic data and medical histories, as well as menstrual history in females, from the medical records of 56 patients with beta-thalassemia major. Patients were examined to determine their pubertal status and the standard deviation score for height for evaluation of short stature. For evaluation of glucose tolerance, a fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test were performed. Evidence for diabetes mellitus was based on American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization criteria. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorous, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxin, luteinizing hormone and follicular-stimulating hormone, and estradiol in girls and testosterone in boys were measured. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation for age in the 56 patients (36 males and 20 females) was 15.62±4.44 years. Diabetes mellitus was present in 5 patients (8.9%), impaired fasting glucose was found in 16 patients (28.6%) and an impaired glucose tolerance test was found in 4 patients (7.1%). Short stature (standard deviation score <-2) was seen in 25 (70%) boys and 14 (73%) girls. Impaired puberty was found in 40 patients (71%). Hypocalcaemia and primary overt hypothyroidism were present in 23 (41%) and 9 patients (16%), respectively. Only eight patients (14.3%) had no endocrine abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Despite therapy with deferoxamine to treat iron overload, the risk of secondary endocrine dysfunction remained high. Hypogonadism was one of the most frequent endocrine complications. Impaired glucose tolerance, short stature, hypocalcemia, subclinical and overt hypothyroidism are also frequent.

Immunopathologia Persa, Jul 17, 2020

Introduction: The role of stress in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease has been highlighted in m... more Introduction: The role of stress in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease has been highlighted in many studies. The hereditary pattern of Graves' disease is uncertain because various genetic and environmental factors are known. One of the most important environmental factors is stress. Any kind of stress, such as physical and emotional, can flare or create Graves' disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical aspects of "stress-induced" and "non-stress induced" Graves' disease. Patients and Methods: This study evaluated 148 patients with Graves's disease. According to perceived stress scale (PSS) all patients were divided into two groups; stress and non-stress induced Graves' group. Chi-square test was used to determine statistical difference in qualitative variables. Results: The mean ± standard deviation perceived stress scale score in 53 patients in stress induced Graves' disease was 40.24±6.53 and in 95 patients in non-stress induced Graves' disease was 18.47±3.90. In this study the onset of Graves' disease is more severe in the stress induced Graves' disease, however the level of antithyroid peroxidase was significantly lower. Duration of methimazole since diagnosis and doses of methimazole in the stress induced Graves' group was shorter than non-stress induced Graves' group (P < 0.001 and 0.032 respectively) and percent of male was significantly higher in stress induced Graves' group (P = 0.002). Conclusion: According to this study, clinical characteristics of stress induced Graves' disease differ with non-stress induced Graves' disease. Generally, severity of disease in stress induced Graves' group was initially more severe (higher FT4 in this group), but duration of disease was shorter than non-stress induced Graves' disease, and these patients had smaller size of goiter and lower anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody (anti-TOP Ab).

Immunopathologia Persa, May 2, 2022

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common findings in women of childbearing age that c... more Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common findings in women of childbearing age that could affect fertility rate, pregnancy outcome and complications after pregnancy. These diseases also correlated with other autoimmune diseases. Objectives: In this study, we aim to evaluate the autoimmune thyroid disease in women aged 35 to 45 years based on Azar cohort study data. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 507 women 35-45 years old without previous thyroid disease from Azar cohort study were evaluated. Demographic findings, data related to previous pregnancies, abortion, miscarriage, infertility and gestational diabetes were recorded for all patients. Blood samples were taken from all patients to measure TSH and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) levels. Anti-TPO levels ≥40 IU/mL were considered positive. Results: In the studied women, miscarriage occurred in 5.3%, abortion in 27.6% and infertility in 7.3%. Gestational diabetes was reported in 3.9%. The positive anti-TPO prevalence was 21.5%. Patients with positive anti-TPO compared to those with negative anti-TPO had significantly higher cases of hypothyroidism (P < 0.001). There was no difference between patients with and without positive anti-TPO regarding miscarriage (5% versus 6.4%), abortion (27.4% versus 28.4%), infertility (7.5% versus 6.4%) and gestational diabetes (7.9% versus 3.6%) (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between age and anti-TPO levels. Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid antibodies in our study population is higher than previous studies. Anti-TPO positivity has no significant effect on pregnancy outcome in this population. Further studies are necessary to define the exact effect of anti-TPO on pregnancy outcomes.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Apr 7, 2023

Background: Oxidative stress is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic... more Background: Oxidative stress is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). A growing body of evidence indicates that oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a bioactive lipid mediator, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This trial investigated the effects of OEA administration on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters of patients with NAFLD. Methods: The present randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 obese patients with NAFLD. The patients were treated with OEA (250 mg/day) or placebo along with a low-calorie diet for 12 weeks. Inflammatory markers and oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters were evaluated pre-and post-intervention. Results: At the end of the study, neither the between-group changes, nor the within-group differences were significant for serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis-factor α (TNF-α). Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased and serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) significantly decreased in the OEA group compared to placebo at study endpoint (p = 0.039, 0.018, 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Although, no significant between-group alterations were found in glutathione peroxidase and catalase. There were significant correlations between percent of changes in serum oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters with percent of changes in some anthropometric indices in the intervention group. Conclusion: OEA supplementation could improve some oxidative stress/ antioxidant biomarkers without any significant effect on inflammation in

Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research, 2018

Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of hyperglycemia. It has different prevalence in various... more Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of hyperglycemia. It has different prevalence in various populations. It has been found out that type 2 diabetes is a genetic disorder; however, its inheritance and its type have not been well defined. In studying the genes involved in the development of diabetes, several genes have been introduced as candidates; however, the gene or genes involved in diabetes cannot be identified yet. As family diabetes has not been studied in Iran so far, this study was conducted on a population aged over 20 years in east of Tehran. In a population of 14,687 people living in east of Tehran, 180 families with type 2 diabetes were identified. In this research, 802 subjects were female and 792 were male. After oral glucose tolerance test, 40.7% of females and 32.3% of males had diabetes. The incidence of diabetes in females was significantly higher than that in males (P < 0.001). It was found that 656 diabetic patients had age over 20 years, which most of them had age between 41 and 70 years. The highest number of diabetic patients was in the age group of 51-60 years. The percentage of offspring and siblings involvement in this sample was 44% and 53%, respectively. The highest level of involvement among the first-degree family members belonged to sister-brother, followed by father-daughter. This study shows the relationship between family diabetes in Iranian families in a demographic study. By recognizing the family relations, effective measures can be taken to prevent this disease. In the case of type 2 diabetes development in one member of family, the incidence of diabetes in other family members would increase by up to 50%. Thus, screening is suggested for all type 2 diabetic family members continuously so that the disease to be immediately diagnosed and treated to prevent major complications of diabetes.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2019

Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.255). Written informed consent was also obtained from all patients p... more Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.255). Written informed consent was also obtained from all patients prior to any intervention. The diabetic patients with or without foot ulcer involvement were selected according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Pregnant women or patients with vitamin D supplement consumption over the past six months, patients with cancer, rheumatologic, blood, cardiovascular, lung, and moderate to severe renal or liver diseases were excluded from the study. The general characteristics of patients such as age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI and grade of ulcer were analysed using a questionnaire. The foot ulcer was examined and classified as per Wagner ulcer classification system. Overnight fasting blood (8 mL) was collected and serum biochemical markers and 25(OH)D were estimated

Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 2018

Introduction: PCOS is characterized by menstrual disorders due to chronic anovulation and hyperan... more Introduction: PCOS is characterized by menstrual disorders due to chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenemia. It is considered as one of the most common endocrine disorders at reproductive ages. Hirsutism, menstrual disorders, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, infertility and spontaneous abortion are common in PCOS. This disease is often diagnosed clinically. According to the pathophysiology of the disease, insulin resistance can play a major role in PCOS etiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes, IFG and IGT, and their association with the symptoms of PCOS. Materials and methods: A total of 82 patients with PCOS were selected. FBS and OGTT were performed after prescribing 75 g glucose. The results of the study were evaluated using SPSS 21 software and Chi-square and one-way ANOVA statistical tests. Results: Hirsutism and menstrual disorders are the most common symptoms in PCOS patients. Although the frequency of diabetes, IFG and IGT increases with age and BMI in a PCOS family, but it is seen at any age and BMI. Insulin resistance was more common in patients with PCOS. Conclusion: The frequency of diabetes in our study was 9.7%, which is not significantly different from another study. The rate of IGT and IFG in patients was 14.6% and 9.8%, respectively, which is slightly lower than that of other studies and it is probably due to the low number of participants in the study and due the fact that our patients were new case of PCOS.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 2020

Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 2018

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Jul 11, 2017

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Aug 30, 2016

Background: Exercise therapy is commonly used for treatment of chronic low back pain. Evidence fo... more Background: Exercise therapy is commonly used for treatment of chronic low back pain. Evidence for efficacy of most exercise therapy modalities is weak or lacking. This study aimed to execute a high-quality, clinical trial of a single innovative new home exercise ("Farshad exercise") to determine the efficacy for treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain patients. Methods: Patients: The cases included chronic non-specific low back pain patients aged between 19 and 64 years, with pain of at least three months in duration. Patients had no significant signs or symptoms of lumbosacral nerve impingement, malignancy, spinal stenosis, or mood disorders. The study design involved CT with 113 subjects. Samples were stratified by workers compensation claim (yes vs. no), and use of opioids. The null hypothesis of this study was "no statistically significant improvement in function of patients during and at the end of the 12-week treatment period". Data collection: subjective data were collected using database management collection tools. Objective data were obtained through functional assessments. Data were collected at enrollment (baseline) and on the fourth, eighth, and twelfth week for each participant by a blinded assessor. Intervention: A new home exercise was designed by the author (Farshad exercise). Each patient had identical numbers of visits (4) and researcher contact time (approximately 15 hours). Results: The primary outcome measure was the Oswestry disability index. Secondary measures included visual analog scale (VAS) pain score. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline (0), fourth, eighth, and twelfth week. Treatment failure was defined if the patient terminated treatment for non-efficacy or underwent invasive procedure or other excluded co-interventions. Conclusions: Study strengths included controlling for co-interventions, rigorous inclusion criteria, assessment of compliance, plans for limiting dropout, identical assessment methods and timing.

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Feb 20, 2015

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, May 25, 2014

The dominancy in combat depends on several factors including objectives, strategies, weapons and ... more The dominancy in combat depends on several factors including objectives, strategies, weapons and materials, technology, numbers of soldiers, and of course, the human element. More specifically, cohesion, e.g. interpersonal bond of an organization in order to sustain their will and commitment to each other, their unit, and the mission, plays a major role in this regard. Importantly, defining the objectives and purposes of the battle, appropriate and timely logistic support, structural organization with regard to individual characteristics, and leadership would influence military cohesion. Furthermore, motivation and control, surveillance and conformity, commonality of values and societal factors play important role on the small unit cohesion. However, civic education is most effective in the soldiers’ contribution and resistance within and after a battle. Then commanders and leaders construct the bases of cohesion in their unit by assessing the individual psychological state, societal condition, and spiritual characteristics to obtain success during a confrontation. In this literature review, several psychological aspects of cohesion are outlined. JAMM International expects receiving expert opinions from military systems in respect of their own cultural and organization characteristics, and requirements for a discussion. Keywords: Combat Disorders; Psychology; Military Medicine; Cohesion

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, Nov 10, 2015

Background: Risk factors for low back pain (LBP) among the deployed forces are still under shadow... more Background: Risk factors for low back pain (LBP) among the deployed forces are still under shadow, while the consequences of LBP are already clarified. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the LBP risk factors associated with deployment-related exposures. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted as a questionnaire-based cohort study, in which 3862 Iranian soldiers participated. Results: Of the 1360 respondents, 350 (26%) reported LBP. The potential of nonresponse bias for the population of respondents was adjusted and the relationships between explanatory variables and LBP were analyzed using models of ordinal logistic regression. After the adjustment of all other variables, older age (P = 0.016), support from leaders (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, P = 0.019), psychological stress (OR = 1.71, P = 0.009), working in depots or storehouses (OR = 2.60, P = 0.041), and awkward working positions (OR = 1.98, P = 0.001) were found to be associated with LBP. Maneuver and traffic accidents, sport or exposure to work, and lifestyle were not associated with LBP in this study, which was the result of the actual deployment only. Conclusions: In this study older age, lack of support from leaders, psychological stress, awkward working positions, and working in depots or storehouses were significantly associated with LBP after the adjustment of all other variables. Preventive measures should include predeployment preparation of leaders to cope with LBP and other musculoskeletal troubles among their subordinates and involve trained medical staff and specialized physiotherapists, advising soldiers of different military occupational specialties on how to optimize ergonomics at work.