gabriel benjamin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by gabriel benjamin

International journal of minor fruits, medicinal and aromatic plants, Dec 30, 2022

The aim of this experiment was to determine the phytochemical screening and histopathological pro... more The aim of this experiment was to determine the phytochemical screening and histopathological property of Moringa oleifera Lam. root ethanol extract in Wistar rats. The qualitative phytochemical screening was experimented using standard protocol. The animals were randomly divided into groups seven (n=5). Cadmium chloride (3.6 mg/kg) was administered across the groups for 7 days to established bio-toxicity. There after graded doses of the treatment groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and the control groups were treated for another two (2) weeks to remediate the deposition of cadmium toxicity. The animals were sacrificed and the targeted visceral organs (heart, lungs, liver and kidney) were isolated and prepared for histopathological analysis. The phytochemical results showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponnins, flavonoids, phenol, anthraquinone and carbohydrate. The histopathological study elicited from the treatment revealed an ameliorative effect from the damage organs triggered by cadmium chloride, enhance displayed cardio-protective, reno-protective, hepato-protective and brochio-protective effect when compared with untreated control. The study showed that graded doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the extract had a significant effect in the targeted organs against cadmium chloride toxicity.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences

Energy drinks are beverages designed primarily to increase the consumer&#39;s physical pe... more Energy drinks are beverages designed primarily to increase the consumer&#39;s physical performance with claims of therapeutic or nutritional purposes, depending on the chemical constituents present. This study evaluates the preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals indexes in locally consumed energy drink in Nigeria. Standard procedure were used for the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening. Results from the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical study showed the presence of tannins (0.8 mg/ml), steroids, terpenoids (0.2 mg/ml), saponins (0.14 mg/ml), phenol (0.3 mg/ml) and flavonoids (0.5 mg/ml) at varying concentration. In conclusion, the outcome of this study validated the forklore uses of this local energy drink with the phytochicals responsible for its vast therapeutic properties.

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

The phytochemical constituents and the antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract from Ipomoe... more The phytochemical constituents and the antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract from Ipomoea asarifolia leaf were investigated to ascertain its medicinal potentials. The study revealed that the leaf contained saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and eugenols. The methanolic extract was used as a protective agent against gastric ulcer in Wistar rats, using the experimental model of gastric ulcer (lesion) induced by ethanol. The ulcer count for the methanol extract ranged from 0.00 to 2.00, while the ulcer index ranged between 0.33 to 2.00 for all concentrations (100, 200 and 400mg/kg). Percentage inhibition at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg were respectively 25.09%, 12.73% and 87.64%. The extract prevented acute gastric mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol in a non dose-dependent manner. This is because the protective action was observed at the lowest and highest doses, but not an intermediate dose of the extract. The results obtained indicate that the leaf extract has antiulc...

Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research

Aristolochia albida is a plant, native of Africa that has found various applications including an... more Aristolochia albida is a plant, native of Africa that has found various applications including antiparasite and anti-snake venom. In the present study, Aristolochia albida rhizome was extracted successively with chloroform and methanol by maceration technique. The extracts were tested for their larvicidal activity against 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito, according to WHO guidelines for larvicidal bioassay, with slight modifications. Fractionation of the chloroform extract was carried out using column chromatography. Larvicidal bioassay was carried out on the fractions obtained and the most potent fraction (fraction S) was further analyzed using preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses. Chloroform extract showed the highest mortality (100%) at 25 ppm, with LC50 and LC90 values of 4.24 ppm and 7.59 ppm. Fractionation of the chloroform extract of Aristolochia albida rhizome yielded 180 fractions. Fraction S was the most potent fraction having the lowest LC50 value (1.12 ppm). Preparative TLC profile of fraction S yielded five distinct spots (S1-S1a, S2-S2a and S3). Assessment of the larvicidal activity of the fractions confirmed that they act in a synergistic manner. Likely compounds identified using GC-MS were columbin, benzene acetaldehyde, oleic acid, naphthalene and fucosterol. FTIR analysis identified some functionalities, such as, alcohols, aromatics and carboxylic acids. It was concluded from the present study that chloroform extract and fractions of Aristolochia albida possess larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus.

Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2018

Bombax costatum belongs to the family Bombacaceae and is locally called red-flowered silk-cotton ... more Bombax costatum belongs to the family Bombacaceae and is locally called red-flowered silk-cotton tree or red kapok tree. It is a deciduous tree growing straight up to about 30 m tall and 100 cm in diameter. It is a characteristic fire resisting tree of the savannas and dry woodlands from Senegal to Central Africa, and Guinea across Ghana and Nigeria to southern Chad. 1 This plant has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments which includes, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, diarrhea, trichomoniasis, amoebiasis dysentery and severe cases of oedema. 2 It has been reported to possess high level of antiinflammatory activity in laboratory animal models 3 which may be due to the various bioactive secondary metabolites present in the plant. Lupeol a phytosterol well distributed in plants has been associated with various biological activity including anti-oxidant and anticataractogenic. 4 the most important benefit of lupeol and other phytosterols like stigmasterol and beta sitosterol is their enrolment amongst the health promoting constituents of natural foods which contains them. In fact, the European Foods Safety Authority recommends consuming about 1.5-2.4 g/day of phytosterols and/or stanols in order to reduce blood cholesterol. 5 Furthermore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the role of foods containing phytosterol esters inside a low saturated fat and cholesterol diet in reducing the risk of heart disease, especially consumption of at least 1.3 g of sterols, twice a day. 6 In this study we reported the extraction, purification and characterization of lupeol from the chloroform fraction of B. costatum.

Clinical Phytoscience, 2021

Introduction This study evaluates the anti-diabetic effect of ethanol extract of Stachytarpheta j... more Introduction This study evaluates the anti-diabetic effect of ethanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaf on streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats fed on high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Sets of male albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing between 180 and 250 g were exposed to high fat diet (margarine and oil from vegetable sources in a ratio of 2:1 w/v) for 3 weeks. Then the animals were fasted overnight; hyperglycemic state was induced using reduced dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and animals were randomly divided into five groups ( n = 7); group A received the HFD + STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.); group B received HFD + STZ + gliberclamide (10 mg/kg; i.p); groups C, D and E were administered the HFD + streptozotocin with different doses of the ethanol extract (30, 35 and 100 mg/kg p.o., respectively). Results Results showed significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentration of the rats treated with different doses of S. jamaicensis extract and those treated w...

The Journal of Phytopharmacology

The study is aimed at evaluating the fertility potential of bi-herbal methanol extract on male Wi... more The study is aimed at evaluating the fertility potential of bi-herbal methanol extract on male Wistar rats. This research finding based it fact of fertility in male Wistar rats to investigate through the phytochemicals, antioxidant assay, hormonal indexes, lipid profile, body/organ weight changes and histopathological study across the graded doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of the treated groups of bi-herbal (Zingiber officinale and Chrysophyllum albidum)) methanol extract using standard procedure. Results from the phytochemical screening elicited the essential constituents (alkaloids, flavonoids phenol, tannins and saponnins). The antioxidant assay showed broad scavenging property against free radicals, which possibly is associated with one of its mechanisms of action. An increase in the level of significant (p > 0.05) in hormonal indexes (testosterone, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) and slight increase in the level of lipid profile (cholesterol, tr...

For thousands of years, humans have relied on nature for their essential needs. These needs inclu... more For thousands of years, humans have relied on nature for their essential needs. These needs include food, clothing, shelter, means of transportation, flavours, fragrances and medicines. For thousands of years, plants have formed the basis of sophisticated traditional medicine. One of the earliest records of the use of plants dates back to 2600BC, in Mesopotamia. They used oils of Cedrus species (cedar) and Cupressus sempervirens (cypress), Commiphora species (myrrh) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) to cure illnesses ranging from coughs to colds to parasitic infections and inflammations, and all of these plants still function in present times in the treatment of the aforementioned ailments. 1 The African continent is made up of more than fifty (50) countries, eight hundred (800) languages and three thousand (3000) dialects, great biodiversity of tropical forests, savannahs and veldts, therefore, it is hardly surprising that it is a veritable treasure house of genetic materials, including medicinal plants. The unique environments of sub-Saharan Africa has presented native cultures with an immense variety of flora and as a consequence, a wealth of traditional knowledge about the use of plants for medicinal purposes. 2 According to the World Health Organization, 3 as many as 80% of the world's population depend on traditional medicine to meet their

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Background Plant medicine was dated back for decades and has immensely contributed to the health ... more Background Plant medicine was dated back for decades and has immensely contributed to the health care system in several countries. This present study evaluated in vitro antioxidant, anti-anaemic and biosafety properties of n-hexane leaf extract of Ipomoea batatas L. in an animal model. The antioxidant property of the extract was expressed by 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an appropriate method. The extract was orally administered at graded doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) to determine its effect on 40 mg/kg phenylhydrazine hydrochloride-induced anaemia in rats at days 1, 7 and 14 using a standard protocol. Acute and subacute toxicological evaluations were based on initial behaviour, mortality and histological examination of the organs. Results The antioxidant study of the extract showed 60.14% in the presence of DPPH and ascorbic acid. The haematological parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC) significantly increased at p value

Globally, an estimated 5-10 million people die annually from kidney-related diseases according to... more Globally, an estimated 5-10 million people die annually from kidney-related diseases according to World Health Organization. 1 In sub-Saharan Africa, the estimation is alarming in view of the fact that the global prevalence of maintenance dialysis has doubled since 1990 and the renal replacement therapy was accessed to be about 1.8 million people worldwide in 2004. 2 In Nigeria, the peak prevalence of kidney disease especially the chronic kidney disease (CKD) is between the first 10 to 50 years of life, thus contributing to manpower shortage and economic wastage. Age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have been identified as risk factors for chronic kidney disease. 3 The kidney is one of the vital organs in the body that functions to maintain homeostasis, regulates salts and water balance (osmoregulation) and acid-base balance; cleaning and secreting metabolites like urea, uric acid, creatinine and minerals from the blood and removal of nitrogenous wastes along with water as

$Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of antidiabetic and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of leaves crude and solvent fractions of Annona muricata Linn (Annonaceae)$

Medicinal plants have been useful in treatment of various diseases in man and animals since time ... more Medicinal plants have been useful in treatment of various diseases in man and animals since time immemorial. Annona muricata has been known majorly for cancer management. Ethnopharmacological information revealed the use in treatment of diabetes and oxidative induce lipid peroxidation. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, reducing sugars, and tannins. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated to be 68.54±0.51 and 55.82±0.85 respectively. Aqueous fraction showed the highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids (46.32±0.76 and 32.81±0.28) relative to chloroform fraction. However, aqueous fraction also showed the highest DPPH scavenging property in a concentration non-dependent manner. Moreover, crude extract and chloroform fraction exhibited the highest (concentration dependent) and lowest (concentration dependent) lipid peroxidation inhibition potentials. Glibenclamide (20 mg/kg), crude extract (500 mg/kg and 1000 ...

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019

Emilia coccinea and Ocimum gratisimum are employed in folk medicine in the management of gastroin... more Emilia coccinea and Ocimum gratisimum are employed in folk medicine in the management of gastrointestinal tract disorders such as peptic ulcers. The bi-herbal methanol extracts of E. coccinea and O. gratisimum was evaluated for its anti-ulcerogenic effect and toxicity profile in rats. Graded doses of biherbal extracts (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were orally administered to the treated groups. Cimetidine at doses 100 mg/kg were used as positive controls, respectively. Stomach was opened along the greater curvature then ulceration index was determined examining the inner lining of stomach. Oral administration of the extract did not produce toxic effects to the haematological parameters and selected tissues in rats. The bi-herbal extracts (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in ulcer index and percentage in HCl/Ethanol-induced ulcer. Bi-herbal extracts (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) showed antiulcer activity against ethanol-induced gastric lesions dose dependently. The extract effi...

Medicinal plant is widely considered by the human civilization of all race and culture as the pri... more Medicinal plant is widely considered by the human civilization of all race and culture as the primary source of medicine. Over the years, these plants have proven to be an inexhaustible storehouse of not just foodsource, but also as a therapy for diseases. 1 Reports have established that secondary metabolites like the phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins which are produced by plants, are the active compounds that dictates their healing potency. 2-4 Despite the extensive use of medicinal plants, the safety and effectiveness of their constituents are yet to be fully explored, hence, a more thorough survey is required for evaluation and standardization of herbal formulations and their components. 5 Some studies 6,7 have reported that medicinal plants contain toxins that can cause high alterations in total white blood cell count (WBC), reduction in haemocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cells (RBC), or increase in liver enzymes and total proteins as well as diseases conditions of the kidney and liver.

Background: Plant medicine was dated back for decades and has immensely contributed to the health... more Background: Plant medicine was dated back for decades and has immensely contributed to the health care system in several countries. This present study evaluated in vitro antioxidant, anti-anaemic and biosafety properties of n-hexane leaf extract of Ipomoea batatas L. in an animal model. The antioxidant property of the extract was expressed by 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an appropriate method. The extract was orally administered at graded doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) to determine its effect on 40 mg/kg phenylhydrazine hydrochlorideinduced anaemia in rats at days 1, 7 and 14 using a standard protocol. Acute and subacute toxicological evaluations were based on initial behaviour, mortality and histological examination of the organs. Results: The antioxidant study of the extract showed 60.14% in the presence of DPPH and ascorbic acid. The haematological parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC) significantly increased at p value < 0.05 in the treated groups compared with control groups. Specifically, there is a significant increase in the treatment groups, namely red blood cells (5.93, 6.78, 6.75), haematocrit (40.75, 44.05, 44.63) and haemoglobin (13.35, 14.70, 14.73), when compared with untreated control. Also, the results of the myeloid/erythroid ratio of the treated groups (20: 40, 21.7: 43.4 ratio) and (23. 3: 46.6 ratio) are compared with (15.0: 25.0 ratio) of 40 mg/kg phenylhydrazine and 25: 50 normal control of the bone marrow at day 14. No acute behavioural change or mortality was observed. Histological analysis exhibited normal physiological state of the visceral organs. Conclusions: These findings support the folklore use of Ipomoea batatas L. leaf extract to reduce oxidative stress, treat anaemia and exhibit its safety at the highest doses of 500 mg/kg body weight.

Clinical phytoscience, 2021

Introduction: This study evaluates the anti-diabetic effect of ethanol extract of Stachytarpheta ... more Introduction: This study evaluates the anti-diabetic effect of ethanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaf on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed on high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: Sets of male albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing between 180 and 250 g were exposed to high fat diet (margarine and oil from vegetable sources in a ratio of 2:1 w/v) for 3 weeks. Then the animals were fasted overnight; hyperglycemic state was induced using reduced dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and animals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7); group A received the HFD + STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.); group B received HFD + STZ + gliberclamide (10 mg/kg; i.p); groups C, D and E were administered the HFD + streptozotocin with different doses of the ethanol extract (30, 35 and 100 mg/kg p.o., respectively). Results: Results showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentration of the rats treated with different doses of S. jamaicensis extract and those treated with gliberclamide compared to the untreated diabetic rats (negative control). Significant (p < 0.05) reductions in activities of serum AST, ALP, total protein and bilirubin were noticed in the groups in contrast to the control. Levels of urea, creatinine, potassium and chloride were considerably (p < 0.05) low while sodium and bicarbonate levels were high in the groups except the control. Lipid profile revealed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL, VLDL while HDL levels were high in the groups compared to the control. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated weight loss. Histopathology of the liver, kidney and pancreas showed ameliorative effect of the extract against the deleterious changes occasioned by the HFD and STZ induced diabetic state. Conclusion: These findings have provided scientific basis for the use of S. jamaicensis in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in ethnomedicinal practices in Nigeria.