Manikandan Gurusamy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Manikandan Gurusamy
Phytotaxa, 2018
Syzygium bharathii, a new species from Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India is describ... more Syzygium bharathii, a new species from Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India is described. This species is closely allied to Syzygium benthamianum and Syzygium agastyamalayanum but differs from both by having a cylindrical stem with red young shootlets, glabrous leaves with wavy margin, quadrangular peduncle, large sized flower, inwardly curved filaments, narrow pyriform hypanthium, obovate, subglobose, ellipsoid fruits and ovate-obovate seeds. This combination of characters makes determining the relationships of S.bharathii difficult.
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
The present works at an aqueous extract of fresh fruits of Momordica cymbalaria is used for the s... more The present works at an aqueous extract of fresh fruits of Momordica cymbalaria is used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), due to their applied for the biological activity in four pathogens. The tuber of Momordica cymbalaria plant belongs to the family Cucurbitaceace, the plant contains many medicinal property and nutritious plant. The tuber extract is to treat the diabetes, rheumatism, ulcer, diarrhea, skin diseases and abortion. The fruit extract has a lot of nutrients present like vitamins, calcium, potassium, sodium, antioxidants, flavanoids, saponin, cucubritacins, and quercetin. The silver nanoparticles synthesis method is a biological method, its cost effective and ecofriendly in the environment. After the synthesized NPs are characterized through XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis and SEM analysis. The UV visible spectroscopy, the strong and sharp absorption peak presents at 428 nm and the FTIR region of finger printing atunique presence of bioactive compounds which play a key role in reduction of Ag NPs. The XRD results reveals that the spherical in shape and size of the Ag NPs is 71 nm and the hkl planes are compared to the International card no (JCPDS 04-0783). The particle size of the SEM results of shape of the particles is spherical shape and the size of the particle is 5 nm. Finally the synthesized nanoparticles are applied for antibacterial activity.
Pisonia grandis R. Br. is a medium size evergreen tree belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae and ... more Pisonia grandis R. Br. is a medium size evergreen tree belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae and locally known as Lechaikattai keerai in Tamil. The leaf extracts were reported with numerous bioactive compounds. The cells under culture accumulate large amounts of secondary compounds under specific culture condition. Therefore, in vitro propagation of medicinal plant can be used as fast and reliable method to synthesis the bioactive compounds. Moreover, P. grandis is reproduced by vegetative means and success rate of production of viable sapling is also very low. Besides, young saplings were also affected with leaf rust diseases. Therefore, effective strategies to be developed for the production of viable saplings of this multipurpose plant species by using plant tissue culture technique. In the present study, maximum mean numbers (13.12 ± 0.42) of shoots per explants were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. IBA at 4.0 mg/l showed the best results, where 8.26 ± 0.17 mean number of roots and 10.82 ± 0.21 mean number of root length were initiated after 15 days of culture.
Phytomorphology: An International Journal of Plant Morphology , 2015
International research journal of pharmacy, 2019
The plant Momordica cymbalaria belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. The Momordica genus found in ... more The plant Momordica cymbalaria belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. The Momordica genus found in the Indian states of Andhra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The plant is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, reumatism, ulcer, skin disease and diarrhea. It is used in the local folk medicine as an abortifacient and for the treatments of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the powdered tuber of M. cymbalaria was successively extracted with Methanol through soxhlet apparatus. The GC-MS analysis has shown the presence of different chemical constituents in the methanolic tuber extract of M. cymbalaria. A total of 23 chemical constituents were identified in the methanolic tuber extract of M. cymbalaria. At (16.98) retention time 2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimeth, Tetrasiloxane, decamethyl, and Methyltris (trimethylsiloxy) silane compound were found to be high (11.17%) and the lowest percentage (1.88%) was found to be Trimethyl (4-tert-butylphenoxy) silane, Silicic acid, diethyl bis (trimethylsilyl) ester and Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl. The present study enhances the traditional usage of tuber of M. cymbalaria which possess many chemical constituents it can be used for the treatment of various diseases.
International journal of pharmacy and biological sciences, 2019
The present work has been conducted to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antioxidant acti... more The present work has been conducted to evaluate the phytochemical screening and
antioxidant activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Leucas aspera. The phytochemical
screening result showed that the carbohydrate, protein, flavonoids, phenolic flavonoids,
saponins and tannins were present in the plant sample. The antioxidant activity of leaf
extract was tested by Phosphomolybdenum assay, reducing power activity, nitric oxide
scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide assay. The result suggested that the methanolic
leaf extract of Leucas aspera could be a potential source for antioxidant activity and it
increased with the increasing concentration. Hydrogen peroxide activity of methanolic leaf
extract of Leucas aspera was 98.3%. The present observation suggested that the
methanolic leaf extract of Leucas aspera has potent antioxidant activity in a dose
dependent manner.
Keywords
Antioxidant, Phosphomolybdenum, Methanolic, Flavonoids, Tannins.
International journal of advanced science and technology, 2020
The chemical essential oils composition of leaves isolated through hydrodistillation of leaves of... more The chemical essential oils composition of leaves isolated through hydrodistillation of leaves of Garcinia imberti Bour. and G. travancorica Bedd. were identified for the first time. The results revealed that, there were 30 chemical components identified from G.imberti and 13 components reported from G. travancorica. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone was the dominant chemical component of the essential oil of G.imberti followed by Glycodeoxycholic acid, Ambrosin, Hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester. The essential oil of G. travancorica conquered by fatty acids and fatty acid derived compounds such as Geranyl acetone, Farnesyl acetone, Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and the remaining bioactive compounds were dominated by oxygen-containing di, tri and sesquiterpenoids. The results of antimicrobial effect of essential oils of both species showed strong inhibitory activity even at lowest concentration (10 µl) against 10 human pathogens. These results indicated that, the essential oil of both species are effective and might be applicable in nature medicines and novel drugs.
Melaleuca citrina (Curtis) Dum. Cours.
S h o r ft C omm u n fi c a ft fi o n A n o ft e o n ft h e p o p u fl a ft fi o n s ft a ft u s ... more S h o r ft C omm u n fi c a ft fi o n A n o ft e o n ft h e p o p u fl a ft fi o n s ft a ft u s a n d ft h r e a ft s o n ftw o e n d em fi c a n d E n d a n g e r e d s p e c fi e s o f G a r c fi n fi a o f A g a s ft h y am a fl a fi B fi o s p h e r e R e s e r v e , T am fi fl N a d u , I n d fi a
Many medicinal and economic important tree species are considered as endangered or threatened owi... more Many medicinal and economic important tree species are considered as endangered or threatened owing to rapid agricultural and urban development, deforestation and indiscriminate collection, so the tissue culture technique is the most effective tool for mass propagation and conservation of these rare and endangered medicinal plants. The family Fabaceae (alternatively known as the Leguminosae) is one of the largest families of flowering plants, consisting of 730 genera and over 19,400 species. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. is Vulnerable tree species from Eastern Ghats. It is one of the most important timber species, yields the famous Indian rose wood or black wood of commerce. As the wood takes fine polish, it is extensively used in furniture and cabinet work. The wood is also used for decorative, carving, ornamental ply-boards, and wheels of gun carriages, ammunition boxes and temple cars. Ply-boards from Indian rose wood satisfy aircraft specifications. The leaves are used as fodder and parts of the tree are reported to be useful as stimulant and appetiser and also in dyspepsia, diarrhoea and leprosy. Oil from seeds is used as an antidote to poison. The in vitro propagation studies of Dalbergia latifolia is a vulnerable and economically important tree species. Due to its vast economic and medicinal importance, the plant has been over exploited from the wild very fast. The conservation of this vulnerable species is mandatory. Therefore, effective strategies to be developed for the production of viable saplings of this multipurpose plant species by using plant tissue culture technique. The present results recommend that BAP (1.5 mg/l) induced optimum shoot proliferation. IBA at 3.0 mg/l concentration was optimum for root induction from shoots. Rooted shoots were successfully transferred to field conditions with 80% survival. This protocol may be applicable to conserve the other RET plant species.
Millettia peguensis is commonly known as Moulmein rosewood, is a legume tree species in the genus... more Millettia peguensis is commonly known as Moulmein rosewood, is a legume tree species in the genus Millettia belongs to the family Fabaceae. The powdered leaf was successively extracted with Petroleum ether through Soxhlet apparatus. The leaves of Petroleum ether extract of Millettia peguensis by GC-MS analysis clearly showed the presence of 10 compounds. In GC-MS analysis, Millettia peguensis showed 3 major and 7 minor compounds. The results revealed that Pentadecane (32.73%), Tetradecane (29.79%) and Octadecane(22.77%) were reported as 3 major components in the Petroleum ether leaves extract of the Millettia peguensis. The seven minor compounds such as Eicosane (7.23%), Undecane, 5-methyl-(2.13%), 9-methylheptadecane (1.40%), Sulfurous acid, dodecyl hexyl ester (1.13%), Heptadecane, 2,6,10,15-tetramethyl-(0.99%), 2-Bromo dodecane (0.96%) and Heneicosane (0.87%) were also reported from leaves. The results indicated that the leaf extracts might be utilized as natural drug for the treatment of several infectious diseases.
Millettia peguensis is commonly known as Moulmein rosewood, is a legume tree species in the genus... more Millettia peguensis is commonly known as Moulmein rosewood, is a legume tree species in the genus Millettia belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is native to Lower Burma and Siam. This is a relatively rare tree as compared to Pongam that is very similar looking, but more common in India. The powdered leaf was successively extracted with Hexane, Chloroform and Petroleum ether through soxhlet apparatus. Antimicrobial activity was studied using agar well diffusion method at various concentrations (100mg/ml, 150mg/ml and 200mg/ml) of extracts. These extracts inhibited severely on the growth of microorganisms and implied antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus mucilaginosus, gram-negative bacteria; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella terrigena, Fungi; Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida sp. Petroleum ether leaf extracts were effectively tested against microorganisms and also compared with standard antibiotic (Amphicilin; 500mg/ml). The maximum antimicrobial activities were obtained with maximum zone of inhibition in petroleum ether (200mg/ml) extract followed by chloroform and hexane. The results indicated that the leaf extracts might be utilized as natural drug for the treatment of several infectious diseases by microorganisms. Introduction Plants have been an important source of medicine for thousands of years. Use of plants for the treatment of many diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition. Every culture on earth has relied on the vast variety of natural chemistries' found in plants for their therapeutic properties. Plants are known to produce a variety of compounds to protect themselves against a variety of pathogens. Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. Medicinal plant are still major parts of traditional medicinal systems in developing countries many infections disease are known to be treated with herbal remedies throughout the history of mankind. Even today plant materials continue to play a major role in primary health care as therapeutic remedies in many developing countries [1]. Medicinal plants which from the backbone of traditional medicine have in the last few decades been the subject of very intense pharmacological studies. This has been brought about by the acknowledgement of the value of medicinal plant as potential source of new compounds of therapeutic value and as source of new compounds in drug development. In many parts of the world medicinal plants are used for antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities a plant derived drugs serve as a prototype to develop more affective and loss toxic medicinal. Infections disease is the number one among all causes of death, accounting approximately one-lady all deaths throughout the world. About 50-75% of hospital deaths are reported due to infections disease. These numbers are still increasing due to development of resistance in microorganisms to the existing first line drug [2]. Scientists from divergent fields are investigating plants with a new age for their antimicrobial usefulness and as an alternative source to existing drugs. Plants with their wide variety of chemical constituents offer a promising source of new antimicrobial agent with general as well as specific activity. The use of medicinal plants and they play a vital role in covering the basic health needs in developing countries and these plants may offer a new source of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents with significant activity against infective microorganisms.
Plant taxonomy is the science deals with identification, description and nomenclature of plants a... more Plant taxonomy is the science deals with identification, description and nomenclature of plants and their classification into different groups according to the resemblance and differences mainly by their morphological characters. The evidences gathered from previous literatures indicated that very less number of plants alone have been identified, named and classified in the world, but most of them are still unknown. The weakness of taxonomic and systematic skills in the region is recognized as a serious handicap to the efficient inventory, monitoring and management of biological resources and conservation of biological diversity. Plant identification is a special task, typically requiring tertiary education and also need year of experience for individuals to achieve proficiency and expertise. An automated identification of plant species is a worthwhile goal because of the current combination of rapidly dwindling biodiversity and the dearth of suitably qualified taxonomists. A software based tool helpful to identify the plant by giving the distinct characters of the particular plant/family and it is a time reducing work for the confirmation of the family/species. GRIBIOTAX, automated identification software has been created to identify the angiosperm families of South India. There were 18 main characters and 138 sub-characters identified to distinct from each family. The data of the characters were classified and stored in MS Access 2007. Through the form of tables in the database and necessary provisions were provided in the applications. The .net frame work and Visual Basic was used to develop the software of the current research work. While entering the details of the morphological characters of the respective family user can observe the family along with the photograph of the nearest genera of the family. The identification system for respective families by using developed software definitely serves as an important tool for the taxonomic researchers and academicians.
The current study focused on conservation through in vitro propagation of Garcinia travancorica B... more The current study focused on conservation through in vitro propagation of Garcinia travancorica Bedd., an endemic and endangered tree species of Western Ghats India. Shoots were initiated from nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l BAP with major combination of activated charcoal. Multiple shoots and shoot elongation were achieved in MS medium with the combination of 4.0mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l of α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Individual shoots with a minimum of one node were excised and rooted in vitro on half strength basal medium supplemented with 0.5-2.5 mg/l of IAA and IBA transferred to the mist house for acclimatization. Abbreviations: IAA -Indole acetic acid; Kn -Kinetin; BAP -Benzylaminopurine; IBA -Indole buteric acid; NAA -α -Naphthalene acetic acid. Citation: Ramasubbu R, Manikandan G, Sasikala N (2016) In vitro propagation of Garcinia travancorica -an endemic and endangered tree species of Western Ghats, India. Indian J Trop Biodiv 24(1): 64-69
Phytotaxa, 2018
Syzygium bharathii, a new species from Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India is describ... more Syzygium bharathii, a new species from Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India is described. This species is closely allied to Syzygium benthamianum and Syzygium agastyamalayanum but differs from both by having a cylindrical stem with red young shootlets, glabrous leaves with wavy margin, quadrangular peduncle, large sized flower, inwardly curved filaments, narrow pyriform hypanthium, obovate, subglobose, ellipsoid fruits and ovate-obovate seeds. This combination of characters makes determining the relationships of S.bharathii difficult.
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
The present works at an aqueous extract of fresh fruits of Momordica cymbalaria is used for the s... more The present works at an aqueous extract of fresh fruits of Momordica cymbalaria is used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), due to their applied for the biological activity in four pathogens. The tuber of Momordica cymbalaria plant belongs to the family Cucurbitaceace, the plant contains many medicinal property and nutritious plant. The tuber extract is to treat the diabetes, rheumatism, ulcer, diarrhea, skin diseases and abortion. The fruit extract has a lot of nutrients present like vitamins, calcium, potassium, sodium, antioxidants, flavanoids, saponin, cucubritacins, and quercetin. The silver nanoparticles synthesis method is a biological method, its cost effective and ecofriendly in the environment. After the synthesized NPs are characterized through XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis and SEM analysis. The UV visible spectroscopy, the strong and sharp absorption peak presents at 428 nm and the FTIR region of finger printing atunique presence of bioactive compounds which play a key role in reduction of Ag NPs. The XRD results reveals that the spherical in shape and size of the Ag NPs is 71 nm and the hkl planes are compared to the International card no (JCPDS 04-0783). The particle size of the SEM results of shape of the particles is spherical shape and the size of the particle is 5 nm. Finally the synthesized nanoparticles are applied for antibacterial activity.
Pisonia grandis R. Br. is a medium size evergreen tree belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae and ... more Pisonia grandis R. Br. is a medium size evergreen tree belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae and locally known as Lechaikattai keerai in Tamil. The leaf extracts were reported with numerous bioactive compounds. The cells under culture accumulate large amounts of secondary compounds under specific culture condition. Therefore, in vitro propagation of medicinal plant can be used as fast and reliable method to synthesis the bioactive compounds. Moreover, P. grandis is reproduced by vegetative means and success rate of production of viable sapling is also very low. Besides, young saplings were also affected with leaf rust diseases. Therefore, effective strategies to be developed for the production of viable saplings of this multipurpose plant species by using plant tissue culture technique. In the present study, maximum mean numbers (13.12 ± 0.42) of shoots per explants were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. IBA at 4.0 mg/l showed the best results, where 8.26 ± 0.17 mean number of roots and 10.82 ± 0.21 mean number of root length were initiated after 15 days of culture.
Phytomorphology: An International Journal of Plant Morphology , 2015
International research journal of pharmacy, 2019
The plant Momordica cymbalaria belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. The Momordica genus found in ... more The plant Momordica cymbalaria belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. The Momordica genus found in the Indian states of Andhra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The plant is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, reumatism, ulcer, skin disease and diarrhea. It is used in the local folk medicine as an abortifacient and for the treatments of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the powdered tuber of M. cymbalaria was successively extracted with Methanol through soxhlet apparatus. The GC-MS analysis has shown the presence of different chemical constituents in the methanolic tuber extract of M. cymbalaria. A total of 23 chemical constituents were identified in the methanolic tuber extract of M. cymbalaria. At (16.98) retention time 2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimeth, Tetrasiloxane, decamethyl, and Methyltris (trimethylsiloxy) silane compound were found to be high (11.17%) and the lowest percentage (1.88%) was found to be Trimethyl (4-tert-butylphenoxy) silane, Silicic acid, diethyl bis (trimethylsilyl) ester and Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl. The present study enhances the traditional usage of tuber of M. cymbalaria which possess many chemical constituents it can be used for the treatment of various diseases.
International journal of pharmacy and biological sciences, 2019
The present work has been conducted to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antioxidant acti... more The present work has been conducted to evaluate the phytochemical screening and
antioxidant activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Leucas aspera. The phytochemical
screening result showed that the carbohydrate, protein, flavonoids, phenolic flavonoids,
saponins and tannins were present in the plant sample. The antioxidant activity of leaf
extract was tested by Phosphomolybdenum assay, reducing power activity, nitric oxide
scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide assay. The result suggested that the methanolic
leaf extract of Leucas aspera could be a potential source for antioxidant activity and it
increased with the increasing concentration. Hydrogen peroxide activity of methanolic leaf
extract of Leucas aspera was 98.3%. The present observation suggested that the
methanolic leaf extract of Leucas aspera has potent antioxidant activity in a dose
dependent manner.
Keywords
Antioxidant, Phosphomolybdenum, Methanolic, Flavonoids, Tannins.
International journal of advanced science and technology, 2020
The chemical essential oils composition of leaves isolated through hydrodistillation of leaves of... more The chemical essential oils composition of leaves isolated through hydrodistillation of leaves of Garcinia imberti Bour. and G. travancorica Bedd. were identified for the first time. The results revealed that, there were 30 chemical components identified from G.imberti and 13 components reported from G. travancorica. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone was the dominant chemical component of the essential oil of G.imberti followed by Glycodeoxycholic acid, Ambrosin, Hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester. The essential oil of G. travancorica conquered by fatty acids and fatty acid derived compounds such as Geranyl acetone, Farnesyl acetone, Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and the remaining bioactive compounds were dominated by oxygen-containing di, tri and sesquiterpenoids. The results of antimicrobial effect of essential oils of both species showed strong inhibitory activity even at lowest concentration (10 µl) against 10 human pathogens. These results indicated that, the essential oil of both species are effective and might be applicable in nature medicines and novel drugs.
Melaleuca citrina (Curtis) Dum. Cours.
S h o r ft C omm u n fi c a ft fi o n A n o ft e o n ft h e p o p u fl a ft fi o n s ft a ft u s ... more S h o r ft C omm u n fi c a ft fi o n A n o ft e o n ft h e p o p u fl a ft fi o n s ft a ft u s a n d ft h r e a ft s o n ftw o e n d em fi c a n d E n d a n g e r e d s p e c fi e s o f G a r c fi n fi a o f A g a s ft h y am a fl a fi B fi o s p h e r e R e s e r v e , T am fi fl N a d u , I n d fi a
Many medicinal and economic important tree species are considered as endangered or threatened owi... more Many medicinal and economic important tree species are considered as endangered or threatened owing to rapid agricultural and urban development, deforestation and indiscriminate collection, so the tissue culture technique is the most effective tool for mass propagation and conservation of these rare and endangered medicinal plants. The family Fabaceae (alternatively known as the Leguminosae) is one of the largest families of flowering plants, consisting of 730 genera and over 19,400 species. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. is Vulnerable tree species from Eastern Ghats. It is one of the most important timber species, yields the famous Indian rose wood or black wood of commerce. As the wood takes fine polish, it is extensively used in furniture and cabinet work. The wood is also used for decorative, carving, ornamental ply-boards, and wheels of gun carriages, ammunition boxes and temple cars. Ply-boards from Indian rose wood satisfy aircraft specifications. The leaves are used as fodder and parts of the tree are reported to be useful as stimulant and appetiser and also in dyspepsia, diarrhoea and leprosy. Oil from seeds is used as an antidote to poison. The in vitro propagation studies of Dalbergia latifolia is a vulnerable and economically important tree species. Due to its vast economic and medicinal importance, the plant has been over exploited from the wild very fast. The conservation of this vulnerable species is mandatory. Therefore, effective strategies to be developed for the production of viable saplings of this multipurpose plant species by using plant tissue culture technique. The present results recommend that BAP (1.5 mg/l) induced optimum shoot proliferation. IBA at 3.0 mg/l concentration was optimum for root induction from shoots. Rooted shoots were successfully transferred to field conditions with 80% survival. This protocol may be applicable to conserve the other RET plant species.
Millettia peguensis is commonly known as Moulmein rosewood, is a legume tree species in the genus... more Millettia peguensis is commonly known as Moulmein rosewood, is a legume tree species in the genus Millettia belongs to the family Fabaceae. The powdered leaf was successively extracted with Petroleum ether through Soxhlet apparatus. The leaves of Petroleum ether extract of Millettia peguensis by GC-MS analysis clearly showed the presence of 10 compounds. In GC-MS analysis, Millettia peguensis showed 3 major and 7 minor compounds. The results revealed that Pentadecane (32.73%), Tetradecane (29.79%) and Octadecane(22.77%) were reported as 3 major components in the Petroleum ether leaves extract of the Millettia peguensis. The seven minor compounds such as Eicosane (7.23%), Undecane, 5-methyl-(2.13%), 9-methylheptadecane (1.40%), Sulfurous acid, dodecyl hexyl ester (1.13%), Heptadecane, 2,6,10,15-tetramethyl-(0.99%), 2-Bromo dodecane (0.96%) and Heneicosane (0.87%) were also reported from leaves. The results indicated that the leaf extracts might be utilized as natural drug for the treatment of several infectious diseases.
Millettia peguensis is commonly known as Moulmein rosewood, is a legume tree species in the genus... more Millettia peguensis is commonly known as Moulmein rosewood, is a legume tree species in the genus Millettia belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is native to Lower Burma and Siam. This is a relatively rare tree as compared to Pongam that is very similar looking, but more common in India. The powdered leaf was successively extracted with Hexane, Chloroform and Petroleum ether through soxhlet apparatus. Antimicrobial activity was studied using agar well diffusion method at various concentrations (100mg/ml, 150mg/ml and 200mg/ml) of extracts. These extracts inhibited severely on the growth of microorganisms and implied antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus mucilaginosus, gram-negative bacteria; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella terrigena, Fungi; Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida sp. Petroleum ether leaf extracts were effectively tested against microorganisms and also compared with standard antibiotic (Amphicilin; 500mg/ml). The maximum antimicrobial activities were obtained with maximum zone of inhibition in petroleum ether (200mg/ml) extract followed by chloroform and hexane. The results indicated that the leaf extracts might be utilized as natural drug for the treatment of several infectious diseases by microorganisms. Introduction Plants have been an important source of medicine for thousands of years. Use of plants for the treatment of many diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition. Every culture on earth has relied on the vast variety of natural chemistries' found in plants for their therapeutic properties. Plants are known to produce a variety of compounds to protect themselves against a variety of pathogens. Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. Medicinal plant are still major parts of traditional medicinal systems in developing countries many infections disease are known to be treated with herbal remedies throughout the history of mankind. Even today plant materials continue to play a major role in primary health care as therapeutic remedies in many developing countries [1]. Medicinal plants which from the backbone of traditional medicine have in the last few decades been the subject of very intense pharmacological studies. This has been brought about by the acknowledgement of the value of medicinal plant as potential source of new compounds of therapeutic value and as source of new compounds in drug development. In many parts of the world medicinal plants are used for antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities a plant derived drugs serve as a prototype to develop more affective and loss toxic medicinal. Infections disease is the number one among all causes of death, accounting approximately one-lady all deaths throughout the world. About 50-75% of hospital deaths are reported due to infections disease. These numbers are still increasing due to development of resistance in microorganisms to the existing first line drug [2]. Scientists from divergent fields are investigating plants with a new age for their antimicrobial usefulness and as an alternative source to existing drugs. Plants with their wide variety of chemical constituents offer a promising source of new antimicrobial agent with general as well as specific activity. The use of medicinal plants and they play a vital role in covering the basic health needs in developing countries and these plants may offer a new source of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents with significant activity against infective microorganisms.
Plant taxonomy is the science deals with identification, description and nomenclature of plants a... more Plant taxonomy is the science deals with identification, description and nomenclature of plants and their classification into different groups according to the resemblance and differences mainly by their morphological characters. The evidences gathered from previous literatures indicated that very less number of plants alone have been identified, named and classified in the world, but most of them are still unknown. The weakness of taxonomic and systematic skills in the region is recognized as a serious handicap to the efficient inventory, monitoring and management of biological resources and conservation of biological diversity. Plant identification is a special task, typically requiring tertiary education and also need year of experience for individuals to achieve proficiency and expertise. An automated identification of plant species is a worthwhile goal because of the current combination of rapidly dwindling biodiversity and the dearth of suitably qualified taxonomists. A software based tool helpful to identify the plant by giving the distinct characters of the particular plant/family and it is a time reducing work for the confirmation of the family/species. GRIBIOTAX, automated identification software has been created to identify the angiosperm families of South India. There were 18 main characters and 138 sub-characters identified to distinct from each family. The data of the characters were classified and stored in MS Access 2007. Through the form of tables in the database and necessary provisions were provided in the applications. The .net frame work and Visual Basic was used to develop the software of the current research work. While entering the details of the morphological characters of the respective family user can observe the family along with the photograph of the nearest genera of the family. The identification system for respective families by using developed software definitely serves as an important tool for the taxonomic researchers and academicians.
The current study focused on conservation through in vitro propagation of Garcinia travancorica B... more The current study focused on conservation through in vitro propagation of Garcinia travancorica Bedd., an endemic and endangered tree species of Western Ghats India. Shoots were initiated from nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l BAP with major combination of activated charcoal. Multiple shoots and shoot elongation were achieved in MS medium with the combination of 4.0mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l of α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Individual shoots with a minimum of one node were excised and rooted in vitro on half strength basal medium supplemented with 0.5-2.5 mg/l of IAA and IBA transferred to the mist house for acclimatization. Abbreviations: IAA -Indole acetic acid; Kn -Kinetin; BAP -Benzylaminopurine; IBA -Indole buteric acid; NAA -α -Naphthalene acetic acid. Citation: Ramasubbu R, Manikandan G, Sasikala N (2016) In vitro propagation of Garcinia travancorica -an endemic and endangered tree species of Western Ghats, India. Indian J Trop Biodiv 24(1): 64-69