hafiz mohd - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by hafiz mohd

This paper estimates tourist arrivals in Malaysia based on the key economic factors such as incom... more This paper estimates tourist arrivals in Malaysia based on the key economic factors such as income, price, exchange rate, consumer price index, distance, population and economic crisis using a modified Gravity model. The movement, pattern and changes of international tourist arrivals are also examined. A cross-sectional pool time-series of tourist arrivals from Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Thailand, Taiwan and China through using Gravity Model was applied. The data on arrivals of the international tourists from 7 countries namely Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Thailand, Taiwan and China was used in this study due to the unavailability of data from other countries. Log-linear multiple equation indicates that the tourist arrivals is highly correlated with Gross National Income (GNI) of the countries which showing the impact on the standard of living. On the other hand, tourist arrivals negatively correlated with Exchange Rate (ER) as tourist from higher purchasing power prefers to visit Malaysia based on the lower value of Ringgit. Consumer Price Index (CPI) or inflation rate of the tourist origin country reduce number of tourist travelling to Malaysia.

Tourism industry can be claimed as one of the important sectors in the modern Malaysian economic ... more Tourism industry can be claimed as one of the important sectors in the modern Malaysian economic development. It has been identified as second largest foreign exchange earning sector and had strengthen up the performance of Malaysia Gross Domestic Product and trade balance. Numbers of studies have been done in order to attempt the theory that there is a link between trade and tourism and most of them showed that it is positively correlated. This paper specifies tourism demand models in Malaysia and estimates demand equations using tourist inflow data for the period 1997-2008. Researchers identified that bilateral trade, population, income, tourism price and geographical distance between Malaysia and the Asian countries are the main determinants of tourism. It clearly shows that tourism demands relates significantly with the trades. With more proactive action taken by the policymaker in understanding the dynamic of this industry, Malaysia will able to increase the quality of tourism industry in order to be the main center for tourism Asia region and the world beyond 21 century. st Key words: Tourism % Trade % Economy % Demand

The Malaysian outbound tourism market is recognized as one of the emerging consumer demand based ... more The Malaysian outbound tourism market is recognized as one of the emerging consumer demand based on the amount of expenditures reported. Despite this, research relating to the motivations for Malaysian outbound tourism, especially the motives such as the push and pull factors are scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to understand why people travel and choose a specific international destination. In line with this, this paper conceptually examines the influence of culture, demographic variables and tourist's motivations on destination selection.

This paper estimates tourism demand in Malaysia based on the key economic factors like income, pr... more This paper estimates tourism demand in Malaysia based on the key economic factors like income, price, exchange rate, consumer price index, distance, population and economic crisis using a modified Gravity model. The movement, pattern and changes of international tourist arrivals are also examined. A cross-sectional pool time-series of tourist arrivals from Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Thailand, Taiwan and China through using modified Gravity Model was applied. Log-linear equation indicates that the tourism demand is highly correlated with Gross National Income (GNI) of the countries which showing the impact on the standard of living. On the other hand, tourism demand negatively correlated with Exchange Rate (ER) as tourist from higher purchasing power prefers to visit Malaysia. Consumer Price Index (CPI) or inflation rate reduce number of tourist to travel. The increasing number of tourist arrivals was influenced by population growth and distance may reduce tourism demand. Economic crisis negatively affected the tourism demand from the ASEAN countries but positively correlated with the western and other continents. This study clearly indicates that despite of regional economic crisis Malaysian government can still rely on tourism industry as a means of sustaining the economy through international tourists.