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Papers by hakimi zainudin

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2017

Anthropometric and lung function characteristics of triathletes are important for the implementat... more Anthropometric and lung function characteristics of triathletes are important for the implementation of individual specific training and recovery recommendations. However, limited data are available for these parameters in triathletes. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterize and examine the gender differences of lung function and anthropometry parameters in competitive triathletes from Malaysia. Body composition assessment and lung function tests were performed on sixteen competitive triathletes (nine male and seven female). The subject's body composition profile including muscle mass (Kg), fat free mass (Kg), and percent body fat was measured using a bio-impedence segmental body composition analyser. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured by Quark PFT2 spirometer). The anthropometric measurements revealed that male triathletes were significantly taller than female triathletes and had significantly more protein and skeletal muscle mass. The female triathletes, however, had significantly higher percent body fat. Male triathletes had statistically significant higher FVC and FEV1 than female triathletes.Both the male and female triathletes showed a positive correlation between height, fat free mass and the lung function markers FVC and FEV1. This association was not seen with body mass index (BMI) in female triathletes. The data from our study shows that anthropometric parameters are directly linked to lung function of a triathlete. We also found the relationship between BMI and lung function to be gender specific in triathletes and is dependent on the body protein and fat content. Hence, body composition characterization is essential and provides valuable information for developing individual specific training modules.

Research and innovation development has become an important element besides teaching and learning... more Research and innovation development has become an important element besides teaching and learning for every university in Malaysia. Hence, the research activities carried out at NDUM need to be recorded and managed more efficiently on a regular basis. To date, managing of research at NDUM is conducted manually by the Research Management and Innovation (CRIM) staffs starting from research grant application until research completion. Therefore, Research Management System (eRMS) is developed to assist the process of managing and monitoring research activities and output at NDUM. eRMS consists of several modules including: grant application, grant registration, research monitoring, research reporting (i.e. financial, assets, budget), research output (i.e. publication, intellectual property and human capital) and dashboard of research project’s achievement. The system is expected to enhance the performance and quality of research management effectively, as well as to reduce cost and time...

The Eurasian Journal of Medicine, 2019

IFMBE Proceedings

Background: Strenuous exercise may cause DNA, skeletal muscle as well as renal damage. Triathlete... more Background: Strenuous exercise may cause DNA, skeletal muscle as well as renal damage. Triathletes experience strenuous muscular activity both during competition and training. Studies have shown changes in renal function after competition which returns to normal after few days. However, these finding have only focused on a single event. There is no literature studying the cumulative effect of “training and competition” cycles over a season of triathlon competitions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cumulative effect of “training and competition” on renal function in elite male triathletes using urine protein and creatinine.

Potable water can be produced from untreated water sources using variety of water purification te... more Potable water can be produced from untreated water sources using variety of water purification techniques. In a critical situation such as flood, some of the technique such as heating the water might not be possible especially when the water level had increased to an alarming rate. The flood victims might be threaten by water-borne diseases which make them to suffer from illness, and in a worst case might lead to death. The development of low cost and simple water purifier without the use of fuel energy is very helpful in this situation. A simple sand and charcoal filter such as PAK filter together with solar disinfection (SODIS) method has been proven effective in killing the micro-organism and blocks the chemical contaminants which are dangerous from being consume by the flood victims. This paper will introduced some of the methods such as water filtration technique and sterilization that can be practiced by the flood victims in order for them to survive during flood.

Neural Regeneration Research, 2016

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide.... more Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide. Producing a clinically relevant TBI model in small-sized animals remains fairly challenging. For good screening of potential therapeutics, which are effective in the treatment of TBI, animal models of TBI should be established and standardized. In this study, we established mouse models of closed head injury using the Shohami weight-drop method with some modifications concerning cognitive deficiency assessment and provided a detailed description of the severe TBI animal model. We found that 250 g falling weight from 2 cm height produced severe closed head injury in C57BL/6 male mice. Cognitive disorders in mice with severe closed head injury could be detected using passive avoidance test on day 7 after injury. Findings from this study indicate that weight-drop injury animal models are suitable for further screening of brain neuroprotectants and potentially are similar to those seen in human TBI.

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2017

Anthropometric and lung function characteristics of triathletes are important for the implementat... more Anthropometric and lung function characteristics of triathletes are important for the implementation of individual specific training and recovery recommendations. However, limited data are available for these parameters in triathletes. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterize and examine the gender differences of lung function and anthropometry parameters in competitive triathletes from Malaysia. Body composition assessment and lung function tests were performed on sixteen competitive triathletes (nine male and seven female). The subject's body composition profile including muscle mass (Kg), fat free mass (Kg), and percent body fat was measured using a bio-impedence segmental body composition analyser. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured by Quark PFT2 spirometer). The anthropometric measurements revealed that male triathletes were significantly taller than female triathletes and had significantly more protein and skeletal muscle mass. The female triathletes, however, had significantly higher percent body fat. Male triathletes had statistically significant higher FVC and FEV1 than female triathletes.Both the male and female triathletes showed a positive correlation between height, fat free mass and the lung function markers FVC and FEV1. This association was not seen with body mass index (BMI) in female triathletes. The data from our study shows that anthropometric parameters are directly linked to lung function of a triathlete. We also found the relationship between BMI and lung function to be gender specific in triathletes and is dependent on the body protein and fat content. Hence, body composition characterization is essential and provides valuable information for developing individual specific training modules.

Research and innovation development has become an important element besides teaching and learning... more Research and innovation development has become an important element besides teaching and learning for every university in Malaysia. Hence, the research activities carried out at NDUM need to be recorded and managed more efficiently on a regular basis. To date, managing of research at NDUM is conducted manually by the Research Management and Innovation (CRIM) staffs starting from research grant application until research completion. Therefore, Research Management System (eRMS) is developed to assist the process of managing and monitoring research activities and output at NDUM. eRMS consists of several modules including: grant application, grant registration, research monitoring, research reporting (i.e. financial, assets, budget), research output (i.e. publication, intellectual property and human capital) and dashboard of research project’s achievement. The system is expected to enhance the performance and quality of research management effectively, as well as to reduce cost and time...

The Eurasian Journal of Medicine, 2019

IFMBE Proceedings

Background: Strenuous exercise may cause DNA, skeletal muscle as well as renal damage. Triathlete... more Background: Strenuous exercise may cause DNA, skeletal muscle as well as renal damage. Triathletes experience strenuous muscular activity both during competition and training. Studies have shown changes in renal function after competition which returns to normal after few days. However, these finding have only focused on a single event. There is no literature studying the cumulative effect of “training and competition” cycles over a season of triathlon competitions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cumulative effect of “training and competition” on renal function in elite male triathletes using urine protein and creatinine.

Potable water can be produced from untreated water sources using variety of water purification te... more Potable water can be produced from untreated water sources using variety of water purification techniques. In a critical situation such as flood, some of the technique such as heating the water might not be possible especially when the water level had increased to an alarming rate. The flood victims might be threaten by water-borne diseases which make them to suffer from illness, and in a worst case might lead to death. The development of low cost and simple water purifier without the use of fuel energy is very helpful in this situation. A simple sand and charcoal filter such as PAK filter together with solar disinfection (SODIS) method has been proven effective in killing the micro-organism and blocks the chemical contaminants which are dangerous from being consume by the flood victims. This paper will introduced some of the methods such as water filtration technique and sterilization that can be practiced by the flood victims in order for them to survive during flood.

Neural Regeneration Research, 2016

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide.... more Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide. Producing a clinically relevant TBI model in small-sized animals remains fairly challenging. For good screening of potential therapeutics, which are effective in the treatment of TBI, animal models of TBI should be established and standardized. In this study, we established mouse models of closed head injury using the Shohami weight-drop method with some modifications concerning cognitive deficiency assessment and provided a detailed description of the severe TBI animal model. We found that 250 g falling weight from 2 cm height produced severe closed head injury in C57BL/6 male mice. Cognitive disorders in mice with severe closed head injury could be detected using passive avoidance test on day 7 after injury. Findings from this study indicate that weight-drop injury animal models are suitable for further screening of brain neuroprotectants and potentially are similar to those seen in human TBI.