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Papers by hanan gaber

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, Sep 1, 2003

F ish productivity has been affected by a progressive increase of salinity and pollution in Lake ... more F ish productivity has been affected by a progressive increase of salinity and pollution in Lake Qarun. So. this work aimed to investigate the histology and ultrastructure of the gills of Tilapia nilotica to clarify the possible effect of water quality on the fish gills. The most observed changes include the occurrence of a prominent large number of chloride and mucous cells confined to gill filament, hyperplasia of primary lamellar epithelium which leads to obliteration of some interJamellar spaces between adjacent secondary gill lamellae, odema resulting in the separation of respiratory epithelium and inflammatory infiltration including eosinophils and macrophages. These findings demonstrate that Tilapia nilotica can adapt to poor conditions through cellular and histological changes.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Nov 5, 2016

Snails are considered as suitable diagnostic organisms for heavy metal-contaminated sites. Biomph... more Snails are considered as suitable diagnostic organisms for heavy metal-contaminated sites. Biomphalaria alexandrina snails are used in this work as pollution bioindicators after exposure to chemical mixtures consisted of heavy metals (HM); zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb); and persistent organic pollutants; Decabromodiphenyl ether 98% (D) and Aroclor 1254 (A). The impacts of these tested chemicals, individual and mixtures, on liver and kidney functions, antioxidant enzymes, complete blood picture, and tissue histology were studied. Results showed that Cu was proved to be the highly toxic against snails than Zn and Pb where LC50 values were 1.362, 213.198 and 277.396 ppm, respectively. Also, B. alexandrina snails exposed to the mixture of HM (¼ LC5 Cu, Pb and Zn) showed the highest bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in their whole tissue, the most significant increase in AST, ALT & ALP activities and the highest significant levels of total protein, albumin and globulin. Results showed significant alterations in CAT activity in snail tissue extracts while snail samples exposed to most experimental tests showed significant increase in GST activity. Snail samples that exposed to HM mixtures showed a significant decrease in total hemocytes count while snail samples that exposed to mixtures containing A & D showed a significant increase in total hemocytes and Hyalinocytes. Histopathological alterations in snail samples exposed to individual HM and their mixtures for 4 weeks showed degeneration, edema, hyper trophy and vaculation in head-foot muscle, degeneration and necrotic changes in the digestive gland and accumulation in most tested organs. Also, the hermaphrodite gland showed mature ova with irregular shape and reduction in sperm number. In conclusion, the resulted damage and alterations in B. alexandrina studied parameters can be used as bioindicators to the presence of pollutants in its habitats.

Global Veterinaria, 2014

The histological structure of gills, liver (hepatopancreas), spleen, intestine and some biochemic... more The histological structure of gills, liver (hepatopancreas), spleen, intestine and some biochemical aspects of muscle of the seabream (Sparus aurata) and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inhabiting the Bardawil Lagoon were studied. Also, some physico-chemical parameters of water, heavy metals concentrations and pesticides residues in fish muscles were measured. Several histological alterations were observed in the gills, including proliferative, degenerative, necrotic changes and edema in the epithelium of gill lamellae, mucous and chloride cells proliferation. Besides dilated and congested blood vessels of gill filaments were observed. The spleen showed tissue with necrotic area, blood vessels with esinophilic fibrous material and early granulomas are presented surrounding damaged blood vessels. In the liver, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes with focal areas of necrosis and fibrosis, aggregations of inflammatory cells between the hepatocytes, dilation and congestion in blood sinusoids. The intestine showed dilation in blood vessels with congestion and atrophy in the muscularis with degenerative, necrotic changes and edema in submucosa. These histological alterations are widely used as biomarkers to evaluate the health of the two fish species. Also high levels of muscle transferase enzymes [Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] were recorded.

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

The Nile River islands are recognized as the most productive lands in Egypt. Although, these isla... more The Nile River islands are recognized as the most productive lands in Egypt. Although, these islands are vulnerable to several natural and man-made crises. The present study was aimed to evaluate the consequences of different anthropogenic activities on the heavy metals load and histological alterations inO. niloticusandS. galilaeuscollected from four different Nile River islands along the Great Cairo sector (Egypt), and the possible health risks for human consumers. Metals were accumulated in both fish muscles in the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb.S. galilaeuswas recorded higher metal pollution index thanO. niloticus, while El-Warrak Island was documented the highest MPI and hazard quotient among all sampling sites. All sampled tissues were recorded histopathological lesions in both fish. The present study may be considered as an early alert for habitual consumers, particularly at high consumption rates of some fish species.

Environmental Sciences Europe, Aug 20, 2022

Background: Biomarkers have become a valuable tool in environmental assessment, since they contri... more Background: Biomarkers have become a valuable tool in environmental assessment, since they contribute to predicting contaminants in monitoring programmes. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of heavy metal pollution in Lake Qarun using a multibiomarker approach (morphological, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, stress proteins) in Solea aegyptiaca fish. During the winter and summer seasons, water and fish samples were collected from different locations along Lake Qarun; western and northern sectors were away from any source of pollution, while southern and eastern sectors were exposed to effluents discharged from El-Wadi and El-Bats drains, respectively. The environmental quality, as well as the accumulation of metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni) in fish gills, liver, and muscles were assessed. Data were integrated using the integrated biomarker response index (IBRv2) for biomarker response interpretation. Results: Water quality and bioaccumulation of heavy metals revealed a highly significant difference between samples collected from polluted sectors and those collected far from drainage water, and, seasonal differences were detected. Growth indices revealed a significant difference between sites and seasons. Fish from the western sector had the highest total antioxidant capacity in their gills, liver, and muscles, with no seasonal differences detected. However, the maximum value of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine, metallothionein, heat shock protein 70, and DNA strand breaks in gills, liver, and muscles was detected in the polluting sectors. It revealed a significant difference between seasons, with the highest value during the winter season. According to IBRv2 results, the most effective biomarkers in this study were malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine in gills, protein carbonyl and metallothionein in the liver, heat shock protein 70 in gills and liver, and DNA strand break in gills, liver, and muscles. Conclusions: This multibiomarker approach contributes to distinguishing between locations with varying levels of anthropogenic pollution, identifying the drainage water-exposed sectors as the most stressed and the winter season as the most critical time for Solea aegyptiaca owing to spawning. The biomarkers chosen are effective indicators in Solea aegyptiaca under stress, indicating the potential for environmental monitoring.

Toxicology and Industrial Health, Apr 9, 2013

This study focused on two areas (Abu-Zaabal and El-Tal El-Kabir) of the Ismailia canal. The sampl... more This study focused on two areas (Abu-Zaabal and El-Tal El-Kabir) of the Ismailia canal. The samples represented the effect of the factories&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; effluent discharge onto the canal. Physical characteristics (water temperature and pH) and chemical characteristics (total hardness, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand) were measured to identify the water quality in the two areas of the Ismailia canal. These measurements showed slight variations between the two stations. Additionally, the histological and histochemical analyses in the liver of Bagrus bayad fish samples were done. Histological studies of liver showed more severe degeneration in the fish samples of El-Tal El-Kabir station. Histochemical studies on protein and glycogen contents in the liver of B. bayad showed a progressive decrease in their staining intensity to bromophenol blue and periodic acid Schiff at two stations. This study, therefore, concludes that Ismailia canal water (Abu-Zaabal and El-Tall El-Kabir) stations create metabolic crisis and impairment in fish liver. The depletion in the levels of protein and glycogen points leads to the exhaustion of cell energy that is of high demand for fish during stressful conditions. Therefore, it is imperative for the authorities concerned to ensure that treated effluent discharge comply with acceptable standards to save our environment from destruction.

Egyptian Journal of Animal Production

This experiment intended to assess the effect of cottonseed meal (CSM) as a partial and complete ... more This experiment intended to assess the effect of cottonseed meal (CSM) as a partial and complete replacement of soybean meal on biochemical analysis, histological features, the carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 22 weeks of feeding period. Fish with an average initial body weight of 46.4±1.8 g were stocked in 15 glass aquarium (90 L each) of 20 fish each. CSM was incorporated at levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% with soybean meal protein. Diets were fed to fish twice daily at a rate of 3% of body weight during 22 weeks the experimental period. The results of the present study revealed that groups of fish fed diet containing 50% CSM had significant highest final weight (189 g/fish), body weight gain percent (297.2%), carcass weight (96 g fish-1), fillet weight (49.0 g fish-1) and dressing % (50.5 %) compared with fish fed control and other diets. The lowest values of final body weight, body weight gain percent, carcass weight, fillet weight and dressing % were significantly obtained with fish fed diet containing 100% CSM. Biochemical analysis of muscles indicated that the maximum dry matter, crude protein crude lipid and ash contents were obtained with groups of fish fed on the diet containing 50% CSM, while the lowest values were obtained with groups of fish fed on the diet containing 100% CSM. Fish fed control diet and 50% CSM diet had significantly the highest values of water holding capacity (W.H.C.), 7.41 and 7.18, respectively, compared with others. The muscles showed histological alterations in fish included degeneration in muscle bundles accompanied with fat vacuole in muscle bundles. Splitting of muscle fibers and atrophy of muscle bundles were seen with increasing CSM concentration more than 50%. Therefore, these findings suggest that up to 50% of soybean meal protein can be replaced by cotton seed meal protein in Nile tilapia diets without any adverse effects on biochemical analysis, histological features, the carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of Nile tilapia.

Snails are considered as suitable diagnostic organisms for heavy metal–contaminated sites. <em... more Snails are considered as suitable diagnostic organisms for heavy metal–contaminated sites. Biomphalaria alexandrina snails are used in this work as pollution bioindicators after exposure to chemical mixtures consisted of heavy metals (HM); zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb); and persistent organic pollutants; Decabromodiphenyl ether 98% (D) and Aroclor 1254 (A). The impacts of these tested chemicals, individual and mixtures, on liver and kidney functions, antioxidant enzymes, complete blood picture, and tissue histology were studied. Results showed that Cu was proved to be the highly toxic against snails than Zn and Pb where LC50 values were 1.362, 213.198 and 277.396 ppm, respectively. Also, B. alexandrina snails exposed to the mixture of HM (¼ LC5 Cu, Pb and Zn) showed the highest bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in their whole tissue, the most significant increase in AST, ALT & ALP activities an...

This work aimed to examine Oreochromis niloticus fish from Lake Manzala in P... more This work aimed to examine Oreochromis niloticus fish from Lake Manzala in Port Said, Dakahlya and Damietta governorates, Egypt, as a bio-indicator for the lake water pollution through recording alterations in their hematological, physiological, and histopathological parameters. All fish samples showed a significant increase in levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); only Dakahlya samples showed a significant increase (p<0.01) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level and most Dakahlya and Damietta samples showed reversed albumin and globulin ratio and a significant increase in γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level. Port-Said and Damietta samples showed a significant decrease of hemoglobin (Hb) while Dakahlya samples showed a significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count. Histopathological investigation for different fish organs showed that Port-Said and Dakahlya samples were more altered than Damietta. The mus...

Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the effect of the water quality of El-Rahawy drain a... more Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the effect of the water quality of El-Rahawy drain at El-Rahawy village, Egypt, on the African catfish Clarias gariepinus blood, biochemical parameters and histology of digestive tract, testis and ovaries. In addition to that, samples of water and C. gariepinus fish were collected from the River Nile at Delta Barrage in front of El-Kanater El-Khayria City as references for comparison. Also, certain heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn) in water were detected from the two sites. The present results showed that heavy metals concentrations in water are higher in El-Rahawy drain than in River Nile and this due to sewage and other pollutants discharge. The present results also, indicated that the bad water quality due to pollution, increased blood parameters in fish caught from El-Rahawy site than those of River Nile because the first site receives greater agricultural, industrial and domestic wastes than the second one. Lesions of histolog...

3 Abstract: The water quality and heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn) concentrations in the ... more 3 Abstract: The water quality and heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn) concentrations in the water of El-Rahawy drain and River Nile at El- Kanater El-Khyria (as a reference site for comparison) were seasonally estimated. In addition to that, samples of Clarias gariepinus fish were collected from the two sites to assess the effects of the water quality and heavy metals concentrations in El-Rahawy drain on the fish liver enzymes and some biochemical parameters. Also, the histological alterations of the gills and liver of the studied fish species were studied. The obtained results showed poor water quality in El-Rahawy drain region compared with those obtained from River Nile at El- Kanater El-Khyria. Also, it was found that the heavy metals concentrations in water from El-Rahawy drain region were higher than those obtained from River Nile. Increase in glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate- pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities and different biochemical paramete...

Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn) concentrations of the wa... more Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn) concentrations of the water of two sites (El-Rahawy drain and River Nile at El-Kanater El-Khyria as a reference site for comparison) were recorded seasonally from winter 2010 to autumn 2011. Kidney function parameters (creatinine, urea and uric acid) of Clarias gariepinus caught from the water of the same two sites were also measured. Moreover, histological changes of the kidney and spleen of the same fish caught from El-Rahawy drain were studied. The results showed depletion in dissolved oxygen and decline in transparency. On the other hand, increase in the levels of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, creatinine, urea and uric acid in the samples of El-Rahawy drain were found to be higher than that of El-Kanater El-Khyria region. Also, it was found that heavy metals concentrations in water from El-Rahawy drain region were higher than those obtained from River Nile. It was noticed that Clarias gariepinus collected from...

The false killer whale (Pseudorca. crassidens) is one of the lesser-known large odontocetes. Thes... more The false killer whale (Pseudorca. crassidens) is one of the lesser-known large odontocetes. These are large members of the delphinid family. One male of 5meter total length (TL) and one-ton body weight (BW), characterized by 6pairs of long slits and a single short dorsal fin of P. crassiderns, incidentally found (caught) by fishermen in Red sea (6Km nearest Abo-Gallum protectorate) of South Sinai on 7 April, 2017 is documented here being a rare record from Egypt. These specimens are unknown from Egyptian waters from Red sea and Mediterranean Sea regions possibly appear in unspecified area in Saudi and Yemen and AL-Aqaba bay, but only published record was from Abo-Gallum. The present record appears to be the first published from Egypt with detailed collection data. Unusual mortality events are usually unexpected and infrequent. As discussed below, unusual Environmental conditions are probably responsible for most unusual mortality events and marine Mammal die off.

3 Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the effect of the water quality of El-Rahawy drain... more 3 Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the effect of the water quality of El-Rahawy drain at El-Rahawy village, Egypt, on the African catfish Clarias gariepinus blood, biochemical parameters and histology of digestive tract, testis and ovaries. In addition to that, samples of water and C. gariepinus fish were collected from the River Nile at Delta Barrage in front of El-Kanater El-Khayria City as references for comparison. Also, certain heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn) in water were detected from the two sites. The present results showed that heavy metals concentrations in water are higher in El-Rahawy drain than in River Nile and this due to sewage and other pollutants discharge. The present results also, indicated that the bad water quality due to pollution, increased blood parameters in fish caught from El-Rahawy site than those of River Nile because the first site receives greater agricultural, industrial and domestic wastes than the second one. Lesions of histol...

The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, Apr 1, 2007

T he effect of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb on the gill and liver tissues of the Nile tilap... more T he effect of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb on the gill and liver tissues of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was examined in the laboratory. One hundred and fifty adult fish were divided into five groups (control, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead) each group containing 30 fish. They were continuously exposed to sub-lethal concentration of each metal (lmg/L) for a period of 10 days. From each group, the gills and liver of six fish were removed after 10 days and the remaining fish were transferred to tap water for : a recovery period (21days). The tissue samples of gills and liver of both treated and recovery fish were dissected for histological examination. The results showed that the extent of distortion of the gills and liver was more pronounced in the fish group that were exposed to Cd&Pb.

Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 2015

Physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters have been used as biomarkers for water qu... more Physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters have been used as biomarkers for water quality in snail samples collected from Lake Manzala. The results showed significant increase in AST, ALT, and ALP in planorbis and physa snail samples collected from Dakahlya site in Lake Manzala. Most of snails are collected from of Port-Said and Dakahlya sites showed significant increase in urea. On the other hand, alteration in creatinine values in samples from different lake sites was recorded. Significant increase of total protein level and total bilirubin was obtained in all samples. Most of snail samples showed significant decrease in hemocytes count. The oxidative enzymes (CAT, GGT and GST) recorded alteration in their activity. Regarding Histopathological observations, in the foot region of Biomphalaria snails collected from Port Said and Dakahlya governorates are the most affected. The head foot showed splitting in the longitudinal and oblique muscle fibers and increased empty spaces within muscle. Shrinkage, focal areas of necrosis, large fat vacuoles and enlargement were observed in the salivary gland. Snail's ganglia showed enlargement of neurosecretory neurons, degeneration with large vacuoles and fibrosis. Hepatopancreas became much more distorted with necrosis, atrophy, degeneration and fat vaculation especially in Port Said and Damietta samples. Also, hepatopancreatic acini filled with different developmental stages of S. mansonai cercariae were observed in Biomphalaria snails collected from Port Said. Severe degenerative changes were observed in most of gonad's cells including ova and sperms especially in snails collected from Damietta. Also, Biomphalaria snails collected from Lake Mazala showed accumulation of heavy metals in the head foot tissues. In conclusion, the severe alteration and degeneration recorded in the physiological and hematological parameters and also histopathological observations are clear evidence for the pollution of the water from which these snails were collected.

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2015