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Papers by hannah etta

The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the ... more The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the four year trend of the infection in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State using hospital-based data. Hospital records of those who attended the General Hospital Etinan for medical attention was collected and collated. The four year cumulative prevalence of Salmonella infection was 63.8% (58.0% for males and 68.2% for females), Prevalence was significantly higher among females than among males (x2-test; p < 0.05). Prevalence was comparable in all the years except for the year 2001, which had a significantly higher prevalence than that of each of the other years (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). A comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in each of the age groups between 2000 and 2003 showed that in 2001, there was significantly high prevalence (up to 80%) in the first two age groups, 0-4 years and 5-9 years, unlike in the other years where prevalence in the same age groups ranged from 12% to 52% (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). Generally, prevalence among the various age groups ranged from: 12% in 0-4 years age group to 90% in the 40-44 years age group in the year 2000, 50% in the 10-14 years age group to 90% in the 39-34 years age group in 2001, 25% in the 5-9 years age group to 82% in the 10-14 years age group in 2002, 25% in the 4-9 years age group to 82% in the 10-14 years age group in the year 2003. Only the age group 5-9 years has prevalence below 50%. Typhoid fever is highly prevalent in Etinan, and urgent steps towards its mitigation are recommended.

Agricultural Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Bioresources Conservation and Utilization, 2022

Trends in Bioinformatics, 2016

African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2009

As a contribution to the on-going search for alternative, available and affordable treatment of c... more As a contribution to the on-going search for alternative, available and affordable treatment of common infections in Sub-saharan Africa, the efficacy of local herbs, Senna alata(Linn) and Borreria ocymoides (Burm), in comparison with conventional drugs, griseofulvin and clotrimazole in the treatment of dermatophytosis among primary school children, was examined in the three districts of Cross River State, South-South Nigeria. Out of 840 pupils screened, 68 (8.1%) were infected, with incidence ranging from 11 (1.3%) in the southern to 33 (3.9%) in the northern districts, indicating a widespread of the infection. Specimens taken from the infected pupils and analyzed for the causative agents, showed that Trichophyton tonsurans 29 (20.4%) followed by Microsporum soudanense 24 (16.9%) was most frequent. The greater sensitivity of the isolated dermatophytes to the local plants than the chemotherapeutic drugs (control) offers some hope of treatment and control. The antifungal activity of t...

Effects of Phyllanthus amarus on litter traits in albino rats

to investigate the different parasites harbored and transmitted by cockroaches within households ... more to investigate the different parasites harbored and transmitted by cockroaches within households in Calabar Municipality, Nigeria, in order to initiate integrated eradication programme. Four hundred and thirty (430) cockroaches from toilets, kitchens, bedrooms and living rooms were trapped using sterile hand gloves from different households within Calabar municipality between 7p.m. and 9p.m. Life cockroaches were placed in perforated sterile plastic vials and transported to the Biology Laboratory of Cross River University of Technology, Calabar for parasitological studies. Each identified cockroach was placed in a test tube containing 5ml of normal saline solution and shaken thoroughly for 5 minutes to detach any parasite or its stages of development from the body surface of the cockroach. The fluid was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the deposit examined under a binocular microscope in search of parasites. Three hundred and forty-eight (348) parasites were recovered and...

Abstract- The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhi... more Abstract- The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the four year trend of the infection in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State using hospital-based data. Hospital records of those who attended the General Hospital Etinan for medical attention was collected and collated. The four year cumulative prevalence of Salmonella infection was 63.8% (58.0 % for males and 68.2 % for females), Prevalence was significantly higher among females than among males (x2-test; p < 0.05). Prevalence was comparable in all the years except for the year 2001, which had a significantly higher prevalence than that of each of the other years (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). A comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in each of the age groups between 2000 and 2003 showed that in 2001, there was significantly high prevalence (up to 80%) in the first two age groups, 0-4 years and 5-9 years, unlike in the other years where prevalence in the same age group...

The study was aimed at ascertaining the seroprevalence and some risk factors of toxoplasmosis amo... more The study was aimed at ascertaining the seroprevalence and some risk factors of toxoplasmosis among those attending the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Using the ImmunoComb Toxo IgG Kit for the detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in human serum / plasma, 216 persons were examined for toxoplasmosis. This comprised of equal number (72 persons each) of persons from three subgroups, namely, gravid women, immuno-compromised persons consisting of patients with HIV and hepatitis, and the immuno-competent persons who are the controls. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 31.5%. Seroprevalence was significantly higher among pregnant women than among both the immuno-compromised and the immuno-competent persons (ᵡ2-test; p < 0.05 for both tests). Seroprevalence was comparable between the immuno-compromised and the immuno-competent (Controls) (ᵡ2-test; p> 0.05). Seroprevalence increased with age among gravid women, as well as among the immuno-compromised subgrou...

This study was carried out between May 2013 and April 2014 to investigate the different parasites... more This study was carried out between May 2013 and April 2014 to investigate the different parasites harbored and transmitted by cockroaches within households in Calabar Municipality, Nigeria, in order to initiate integrated eradication programme. Four hundred and thirty (430) cockroaches from toilets, kitchens, bedrooms and living rooms were trapped using sterile hand gloves from different households within Calabar municipality between 7p.m. and 9p.m. Life cockroaches were placed in perforated sterile plastic vials and transported to the Biology Laboratory of Cross River University of Technology, Calabar for parasitological studies. Each identified cockroach was placed in a test tube containing 5ml of normal saline solution and shaken thoroughly for 5 minutes to detach any parasite or its stages of development from the body surface of the cockroach. The fluid was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the deposit examined under a binocular microscope in search of parasites. Three...

This study to estimate the correlation coefficient between quantitative traits in three varieties... more This study to estimate the correlation coefficient between quantitative traits in three varieties of winter wheat namely; Bat’ko, Deya and Krasnodarskaya 99 was carried at the All-Russian Rice Research Institute, Belozerny, Krasnodar, Russia. The understanding of correlation lies in the combination of variation of two or more traits. More often than not, only correlation between two traits was usually investigated. In this study, only coefficients of rectilinear dependence among traits were shown in the matrix of correlation links. All positive correlation coefficients were arranged in three groups: those with high, average and weak interrelation links. Results were calculated by method of Doc Statpak in the program of regression analysis. High correlation of 0.942 was established between the traits: yield and weight of grain ear-1. Yield and number of productive stalks m-2 showed high correlation 0.813. Determination of coefficient in all of them was 0.660. It could be reasoned tha...

This investigation was carried out to study the effect of storage time and growth regulator, Furo... more This investigation was carried out to study the effect of storage time and growth regulator, Furolan (the extrinsic factors) on the contents of protein fraction composition and amino acids (the intrinsic factors) of three varieties of winter wheat grains namely Batko, Diya and Krasnodar 99. The determination of mass fraction of amino acids and fractional composition of protein complex was respectively carried out by capillary electrophoresis and Osborne methods. During harvest, Furolan-treated varieties of Diya (42.9%) and Batko (41.7%) were found to differ from Furolan-treated Krasnodar 99 (48.3%) variety by their low content of albumin and globulin and the high content of alcoholic-and alkaline- soluble fractions of protein (protein gluten) due to the genetic potential of these varieties. During storage there was a decrease in the albumin and globulin contents and an increase in the protein gluten content of Krasnodar 99 variety in the control. It was observed that, during 12 mont...

The results revealed that ethanol extract of the whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus reduced the li... more The results revealed that ethanol extract of the whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus reduced the litter size and weight of albino rats at birth, especially at high doses. Doses administered intraperitoneally were 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg bw. Treatments significantly (P< 0.05) affected the litter size and litter weight at birth.

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2016

Phenotypic qualities of two snail species commonly found in Calabar, Cross River State were studi... more Phenotypic qualities of two snail species commonly found in Calabar, Cross River State were studied. The snail species studied for comparing the differences and relationships between their phenotypic traits were Achachatina marginata(S) and Achatina fulica(L). A total of 100 snails were obtained and selected based on the presence of four whorls shells and used for the study. Parameters studied included body weight, body length, body width, shell mouth length and shell mouth width. Data collected were analyzed to obtain simple statistical values and phenotypic correlations between the two species. Data were also subjected to regression model for body weight predictions. Mean(X) body weights recorded were 135.250g and 137.554g for A. marginata and A. fulica, respectively. Only T-test results for body weight and shell mouth width were significantly(P<0.05) different; high, medium and low positive phenotypic correlations were observed between parameters measured. The highest positive...

Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2013

The study was aimed at elucidating the yearly total hospital admittances due to fever among child... more The study was aimed at elucidating the yearly total hospital admittances due to fever among children under 13 years and the associated underlying medical conditions between the years 2000 and 2011. Records of cases of fever among children under 13 years who presented with fever-associated medical condition and attended the General Hospital, Calabar between 2000 and 2011 were collated. The causes of the fever, age and sex of children were collected and collated. A total of 3663 children were admitted into the General Hospital Calabar with fever-associated medical condition between the year 2000 and 2011. Of these, males were 1520 (41.5%) while females were 2143 (58.5%). The sex-related difference was significant (x2-test; p < 0.05). The relative proportion of total annual fever cases ranged from 8.7% to 17.0% between 2000 and 2005, and 2.8% to 5.0% between 2006 and 2011. There are significantly higher number of cases between 2000 and 2005 than between 2006 and 2011 in all the cate...

The study was aimed at ascertaining the seroprevalence and some risk factors of toxoplasmosis amo... more The study was aimed at ascertaining the seroprevalence and some risk factors of toxoplasmosis among those attending the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Using the ImmunoComb Toxo IgG Kit for the detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in human serum/ plasma, 216 persons were examined for toxoplasmosis. This comprised of equal number (72 persons each) of persons from three subgroups, namely, gravid women, immuno-compromised persons consisting of patients with HIV and hepatitis, and the immuno-competent persons who are the controls. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 31.5%. Seroprevalence was significantly higher among pregnant women than among both the immuno-compromised and the immuno-competent persons (?2-test; p 0.05). Seroprevalence increased with age among gravid women, as well as among the immuno-compromised subgroups but not among the controls. Overall, seroprevalence among those living with cats/dogs (45.61%) was significantly higher than that of thos...

A total of 1350 mosquitoes were caught during the study. The monthly catches ranged from 210 to 3... more A total of 1350 mosquitoes were caught during the study. The monthly catches ranged from 210 to 360. Out of this, 1306 (96.7%) were dissected. Overall, parous rate was 75.0%, and ranged from 62.2% in August to 91.3% in December, 2012. The variability in parous rates between months was statistically significant (×2-test, p < 0.05). Relating monthly parous rates with the wet and dry seasons within the sampling months showed significant variability, with higher parity in the dry than wet season (×2-test, p < 0.05). The analysis of parity levels among female mosquitoes caught during the study showed that Parousone (P1) was most abundant followed by parous-two. Parousfour (P4) was the least. The distribution of parity levels in relation to the sampling months indicated that the proportion of P3s increased in the dry season months while the P1s decreased. In conclusion, ascertaining the age distribution of vectors is very important as it is useful in monitoring the success or otherw...

The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds, on the liver and gonads of male albino rats, was investi... more The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds, on the liver and gonads of male albino rats, was investigated. This investigation was prompted by the increasing international acceptance of the seeds of the African bush mango as being an effective weight reducing herbal medication. Thirty-two (32) male albino rats, were divided into eight groups (A1,A2, B1,B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2), with four rats in each group in a completely randomized design. The treatment regime for the groups were 0mg/kg BW (control) –A1 and A2, 50mg/kg BW – B1 and B2, 100mg/kg BW –C1 and C2 and 150mg/kg BW – D1 and D2 of the test substance respectively. The extract was administered by oral intubation for fourteen (14) days, after which the organs, to be investigated were collected for further histological processing. Photomicrographs of collected organs showed mild to severe degenerative effects on the histology of the organs investigated. The seed extract of Irvingia gabonensis had a dose-dependent effect on the organs...

The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the ... more The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the four year trend of the infection in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State using hospital-based data. Hospital records of those who attended the General Hospital Etinan for medical attention was collected and collated. The four year cumulative prevalence of Salmonella infection was 63.8% (58.0% for males and 68.2% for females), Prevalence was significantly higher among females than among males (x2-test; p < 0.05). Prevalence was comparable in all the years except for the year 2001, which had a significantly higher prevalence than that of each of the other years (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). A comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in each of the age groups between 2000 and 2003 showed that in 2001, there was significantly high prevalence (up to 80%) in the first two age groups, 0-4 years and 5-9 years, unlike in the other years where prevalence in the same age groups ranged fro...

Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed... more Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed, has antispermatogenic, hence, antifertility effects in man. Methods Eight-week old male Albino rats were used as the mammalian model for this study. They were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each and treatment with the ethanol extract was for a period of 14 d. The treatment regimes were 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg BW in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction using 80% ethanol as the extracting solvent. The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the paste extract in 10 ml corn oil (vehicle) to make up 100 mg/ml concentration. At the end of the treatment, sperm from the distal caudal epididymis was collected and analyzed for sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results Significant reduction was observed in sperm count and sperm motility (P Conclusion The anti-spermatogenic effects of the extract on the sper...

The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the ... more The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the four year trend of the infection in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State using hospital-based data. Hospital records of those who attended the General Hospital Etinan for medical attention was collected and collated. The four year cumulative prevalence of Salmonella infection was 63.8% (58.0% for males and 68.2% for females), Prevalence was significantly higher among females than among males (x2-test; p < 0.05). Prevalence was comparable in all the years except for the year 2001, which had a significantly higher prevalence than that of each of the other years (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). A comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in each of the age groups between 2000 and 2003 showed that in 2001, there was significantly high prevalence (up to 80%) in the first two age groups, 0-4 years and 5-9 years, unlike in the other years where prevalence in the same age groups ranged from 12% to 52% (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). Generally, prevalence among the various age groups ranged from: 12% in 0-4 years age group to 90% in the 40-44 years age group in the year 2000, 50% in the 10-14 years age group to 90% in the 39-34 years age group in 2001, 25% in the 5-9 years age group to 82% in the 10-14 years age group in 2002, 25% in the 4-9 years age group to 82% in the 10-14 years age group in the year 2003. Only the age group 5-9 years has prevalence below 50%. Typhoid fever is highly prevalent in Etinan, and urgent steps towards its mitigation are recommended.

Agricultural Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Bioresources Conservation and Utilization, 2022

Trends in Bioinformatics, 2016

African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2009

As a contribution to the on-going search for alternative, available and affordable treatment of c... more As a contribution to the on-going search for alternative, available and affordable treatment of common infections in Sub-saharan Africa, the efficacy of local herbs, Senna alata(Linn) and Borreria ocymoides (Burm), in comparison with conventional drugs, griseofulvin and clotrimazole in the treatment of dermatophytosis among primary school children, was examined in the three districts of Cross River State, South-South Nigeria. Out of 840 pupils screened, 68 (8.1%) were infected, with incidence ranging from 11 (1.3%) in the southern to 33 (3.9%) in the northern districts, indicating a widespread of the infection. Specimens taken from the infected pupils and analyzed for the causative agents, showed that Trichophyton tonsurans 29 (20.4%) followed by Microsporum soudanense 24 (16.9%) was most frequent. The greater sensitivity of the isolated dermatophytes to the local plants than the chemotherapeutic drugs (control) offers some hope of treatment and control. The antifungal activity of t...

Effects of Phyllanthus amarus on litter traits in albino rats

to investigate the different parasites harbored and transmitted by cockroaches within households ... more to investigate the different parasites harbored and transmitted by cockroaches within households in Calabar Municipality, Nigeria, in order to initiate integrated eradication programme. Four hundred and thirty (430) cockroaches from toilets, kitchens, bedrooms and living rooms were trapped using sterile hand gloves from different households within Calabar municipality between 7p.m. and 9p.m. Life cockroaches were placed in perforated sterile plastic vials and transported to the Biology Laboratory of Cross River University of Technology, Calabar for parasitological studies. Each identified cockroach was placed in a test tube containing 5ml of normal saline solution and shaken thoroughly for 5 minutes to detach any parasite or its stages of development from the body surface of the cockroach. The fluid was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the deposit examined under a binocular microscope in search of parasites. Three hundred and forty-eight (348) parasites were recovered and...

Abstract- The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhi... more Abstract- The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the four year trend of the infection in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State using hospital-based data. Hospital records of those who attended the General Hospital Etinan for medical attention was collected and collated. The four year cumulative prevalence of Salmonella infection was 63.8% (58.0 % for males and 68.2 % for females), Prevalence was significantly higher among females than among males (x2-test; p < 0.05). Prevalence was comparable in all the years except for the year 2001, which had a significantly higher prevalence than that of each of the other years (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). A comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in each of the age groups between 2000 and 2003 showed that in 2001, there was significantly high prevalence (up to 80%) in the first two age groups, 0-4 years and 5-9 years, unlike in the other years where prevalence in the same age group...

The study was aimed at ascertaining the seroprevalence and some risk factors of toxoplasmosis amo... more The study was aimed at ascertaining the seroprevalence and some risk factors of toxoplasmosis among those attending the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Using the ImmunoComb Toxo IgG Kit for the detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in human serum / plasma, 216 persons were examined for toxoplasmosis. This comprised of equal number (72 persons each) of persons from three subgroups, namely, gravid women, immuno-compromised persons consisting of patients with HIV and hepatitis, and the immuno-competent persons who are the controls. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 31.5%. Seroprevalence was significantly higher among pregnant women than among both the immuno-compromised and the immuno-competent persons (ᵡ2-test; p < 0.05 for both tests). Seroprevalence was comparable between the immuno-compromised and the immuno-competent (Controls) (ᵡ2-test; p> 0.05). Seroprevalence increased with age among gravid women, as well as among the immuno-compromised subgrou...

This study was carried out between May 2013 and April 2014 to investigate the different parasites... more This study was carried out between May 2013 and April 2014 to investigate the different parasites harbored and transmitted by cockroaches within households in Calabar Municipality, Nigeria, in order to initiate integrated eradication programme. Four hundred and thirty (430) cockroaches from toilets, kitchens, bedrooms and living rooms were trapped using sterile hand gloves from different households within Calabar municipality between 7p.m. and 9p.m. Life cockroaches were placed in perforated sterile plastic vials and transported to the Biology Laboratory of Cross River University of Technology, Calabar for parasitological studies. Each identified cockroach was placed in a test tube containing 5ml of normal saline solution and shaken thoroughly for 5 minutes to detach any parasite or its stages of development from the body surface of the cockroach. The fluid was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the deposit examined under a binocular microscope in search of parasites. Three...

This study to estimate the correlation coefficient between quantitative traits in three varieties... more This study to estimate the correlation coefficient between quantitative traits in three varieties of winter wheat namely; Bat’ko, Deya and Krasnodarskaya 99 was carried at the All-Russian Rice Research Institute, Belozerny, Krasnodar, Russia. The understanding of correlation lies in the combination of variation of two or more traits. More often than not, only correlation between two traits was usually investigated. In this study, only coefficients of rectilinear dependence among traits were shown in the matrix of correlation links. All positive correlation coefficients were arranged in three groups: those with high, average and weak interrelation links. Results were calculated by method of Doc Statpak in the program of regression analysis. High correlation of 0.942 was established between the traits: yield and weight of grain ear-1. Yield and number of productive stalks m-2 showed high correlation 0.813. Determination of coefficient in all of them was 0.660. It could be reasoned tha...

This investigation was carried out to study the effect of storage time and growth regulator, Furo... more This investigation was carried out to study the effect of storage time and growth regulator, Furolan (the extrinsic factors) on the contents of protein fraction composition and amino acids (the intrinsic factors) of three varieties of winter wheat grains namely Batko, Diya and Krasnodar 99. The determination of mass fraction of amino acids and fractional composition of protein complex was respectively carried out by capillary electrophoresis and Osborne methods. During harvest, Furolan-treated varieties of Diya (42.9%) and Batko (41.7%) were found to differ from Furolan-treated Krasnodar 99 (48.3%) variety by their low content of albumin and globulin and the high content of alcoholic-and alkaline- soluble fractions of protein (protein gluten) due to the genetic potential of these varieties. During storage there was a decrease in the albumin and globulin contents and an increase in the protein gluten content of Krasnodar 99 variety in the control. It was observed that, during 12 mont...

The results revealed that ethanol extract of the whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus reduced the li... more The results revealed that ethanol extract of the whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus reduced the litter size and weight of albino rats at birth, especially at high doses. Doses administered intraperitoneally were 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg bw. Treatments significantly (P< 0.05) affected the litter size and litter weight at birth.

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2016

Phenotypic qualities of two snail species commonly found in Calabar, Cross River State were studi... more Phenotypic qualities of two snail species commonly found in Calabar, Cross River State were studied. The snail species studied for comparing the differences and relationships between their phenotypic traits were Achachatina marginata(S) and Achatina fulica(L). A total of 100 snails were obtained and selected based on the presence of four whorls shells and used for the study. Parameters studied included body weight, body length, body width, shell mouth length and shell mouth width. Data collected were analyzed to obtain simple statistical values and phenotypic correlations between the two species. Data were also subjected to regression model for body weight predictions. Mean(X) body weights recorded were 135.250g and 137.554g for A. marginata and A. fulica, respectively. Only T-test results for body weight and shell mouth width were significantly(P<0.05) different; high, medium and low positive phenotypic correlations were observed between parameters measured. The highest positive...

Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2013

The study was aimed at elucidating the yearly total hospital admittances due to fever among child... more The study was aimed at elucidating the yearly total hospital admittances due to fever among children under 13 years and the associated underlying medical conditions between the years 2000 and 2011. Records of cases of fever among children under 13 years who presented with fever-associated medical condition and attended the General Hospital, Calabar between 2000 and 2011 were collated. The causes of the fever, age and sex of children were collected and collated. A total of 3663 children were admitted into the General Hospital Calabar with fever-associated medical condition between the year 2000 and 2011. Of these, males were 1520 (41.5%) while females were 2143 (58.5%). The sex-related difference was significant (x2-test; p < 0.05). The relative proportion of total annual fever cases ranged from 8.7% to 17.0% between 2000 and 2005, and 2.8% to 5.0% between 2006 and 2011. There are significantly higher number of cases between 2000 and 2005 than between 2006 and 2011 in all the cate...

The study was aimed at ascertaining the seroprevalence and some risk factors of toxoplasmosis amo... more The study was aimed at ascertaining the seroprevalence and some risk factors of toxoplasmosis among those attending the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Using the ImmunoComb Toxo IgG Kit for the detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in human serum/ plasma, 216 persons were examined for toxoplasmosis. This comprised of equal number (72 persons each) of persons from three subgroups, namely, gravid women, immuno-compromised persons consisting of patients with HIV and hepatitis, and the immuno-competent persons who are the controls. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 31.5%. Seroprevalence was significantly higher among pregnant women than among both the immuno-compromised and the immuno-competent persons (?2-test; p 0.05). Seroprevalence increased with age among gravid women, as well as among the immuno-compromised subgroups but not among the controls. Overall, seroprevalence among those living with cats/dogs (45.61%) was significantly higher than that of thos...

A total of 1350 mosquitoes were caught during the study. The monthly catches ranged from 210 to 3... more A total of 1350 mosquitoes were caught during the study. The monthly catches ranged from 210 to 360. Out of this, 1306 (96.7%) were dissected. Overall, parous rate was 75.0%, and ranged from 62.2% in August to 91.3% in December, 2012. The variability in parous rates between months was statistically significant (×2-test, p < 0.05). Relating monthly parous rates with the wet and dry seasons within the sampling months showed significant variability, with higher parity in the dry than wet season (×2-test, p < 0.05). The analysis of parity levels among female mosquitoes caught during the study showed that Parousone (P1) was most abundant followed by parous-two. Parousfour (P4) was the least. The distribution of parity levels in relation to the sampling months indicated that the proportion of P3s increased in the dry season months while the P1s decreased. In conclusion, ascertaining the age distribution of vectors is very important as it is useful in monitoring the success or otherw...

The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds, on the liver and gonads of male albino rats, was investi... more The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds, on the liver and gonads of male albino rats, was investigated. This investigation was prompted by the increasing international acceptance of the seeds of the African bush mango as being an effective weight reducing herbal medication. Thirty-two (32) male albino rats, were divided into eight groups (A1,A2, B1,B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2), with four rats in each group in a completely randomized design. The treatment regime for the groups were 0mg/kg BW (control) –A1 and A2, 50mg/kg BW – B1 and B2, 100mg/kg BW –C1 and C2 and 150mg/kg BW – D1 and D2 of the test substance respectively. The extract was administered by oral intubation for fourteen (14) days, after which the organs, to be investigated were collected for further histological processing. Photomicrographs of collected organs showed mild to severe degenerative effects on the histology of the organs investigated. The seed extract of Irvingia gabonensis had a dose-dependent effect on the organs...

The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the ... more The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the four year trend of the infection in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State using hospital-based data. Hospital records of those who attended the General Hospital Etinan for medical attention was collected and collated. The four year cumulative prevalence of Salmonella infection was 63.8% (58.0% for males and 68.2% for females), Prevalence was significantly higher among females than among males (x2-test; p < 0.05). Prevalence was comparable in all the years except for the year 2001, which had a significantly higher prevalence than that of each of the other years (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). A comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in each of the age groups between 2000 and 2003 showed that in 2001, there was significantly high prevalence (up to 80%) in the first two age groups, 0-4 years and 5-9 years, unlike in the other years where prevalence in the same age groups ranged fro...

Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed... more Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed, has antispermatogenic, hence, antifertility effects in man. Methods Eight-week old male Albino rats were used as the mammalian model for this study. They were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each and treatment with the ethanol extract was for a period of 14 d. The treatment regimes were 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg BW in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction using 80% ethanol as the extracting solvent. The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the paste extract in 10 ml corn oil (vehicle) to make up 100 mg/ml concentration. At the end of the treatment, sperm from the distal caudal epididymis was collected and analyzed for sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results Significant reduction was observed in sperm count and sperm motility (P Conclusion The anti-spermatogenic effects of the extract on the sper...