Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems (original) (raw)
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Non-functional values specify the system's operational capabilities and constraints to enhance it... more Non-functional values specify the system's operational capabilities and constraints to enhance its functionality. The non-functional requirements (NFRs) may include security, reliability, performance etc. We may say that constraint is a line with quality expectations. NFR is always a constraint to other user stories. In some scenarios, NFRs are intangible that require human judgement. Agile Software Development (ASD) model is very popular worldwide for developing software. NFRs are not considered essential in ASD. In this paper, we discuss how non-functional values work as constraint and add value to NFR in agile methodology. NFRs ensure the reliability, usability and performance of the software system. NFRs are vital for the success in case of ASD. If they are not clearly addressed undesirable results may occur such as developer cannot satisfy the user and many other issues may arise in development. There are two types of constraints internal quality constraints and external quality. NFRs are also considered as backlog constraints.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Software maintenance industrial practice should ensure reliable software systems that operate in ... more Software maintenance industrial practice should ensure reliable software systems that operate in demanding business conditions. Efficient software maintenance requires methods and tools, efficient organization and skilled maintainers. Development and further improvement of maintenance methods and tools require comprehensive analysis of software systems, as well as human and organizational issues. Weighted networks are efficient tool that enable analysis of different aspects of software maintenance, both technical and nontechnical. This article presents a preliminary literature review of weighted networks applications in software maintenance industrial practice. Literature review process, findings based on the proposed research questions, and discussion of challenges, validity and research implications are presented.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Software has covered almost every aspect of human life, from airplanes to smart phones, everythin... more Software has covered almost every aspect of human life, from airplanes to smart phones, everything is dependent on software now a days. As software covers lot of our work and make our work a lot easier but at the same time it is to be sure that lot of effort goes into making a software. Software failure has cost lot of money and human life as well. There are many factors which cause software to fail and most of the time it happens right at the end of the completion of the development of a software. In this paper, we will discuss several factors that why software fails and how it can cause companies to face major loss in terms of finance. This research paper mainly focuses on bad requirements, elicitation techniques and the issues faced due to communication.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Quality assurance is one of the important issues for software companies because the delivery of h... more Quality assurance is one of the important issues for software companies because the delivery of high-quality software for customer satisfaction is much needed. Software quality is a relatively complex concept, but many companies have standards for quality assurance. In agile methods, developers are responsible for quality assurance. Agile methods involve many practices for quality assurance. Moreover, quality assurance in the waterfall model in each stage by using different practices is done for validation. Quality assurance has many parameters, to control software quality, that are also discussed. The traditional quality assurance is carried out periodically at various stages, but the agile quality assurance is constantly being carried out by the team on daily basis. In this paper, we mentioned ways to improve quality assurance in agile development.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Requirements prioritization is an important activity during requirements collection and managemen... more Requirements prioritization is an important activity during requirements collection and management phase of software engineering. Prioritization of small size requirements is not an issue but its importance increases when requirements are large in size. Different prioritization techniques are suggested to prioritize different types of requirements but none of the suggested techniques are applied to prioritize software requirements based on dependencies in functional requirements (FRs) from the perspective of software developers. This study addresses this research gap by applying Cumulative Voting (CV) and Priority Groups based prioritization approach to prioritize FRs. Using spanning trees, all FRs are first interrelated and then CV is applied first to assign priority values to each requirement belonging to different spanning trees. Using priority groups, prioritized requirements belong to different spanning trees are assigned to priority groups such that all FRs inside each priority group have similar priority. To do so, FRs of ODOO ERP as case study are considered for prioritization. Prioritized FRs can be easily managed by parallel development team members without having dependencies in FRs of priority group.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is one of the most popular machine learning algorithms an... more The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is one of the most popular machine learning algorithms and it performs very well on many machine learning problems. KNN is a nonparametric method used for both classification and regression problems. In this paper, we introduced a modified KNN method that outperforms KNN in both classification and regression settings. In the modified KNN method we use weighted Euclidean distance rather than simple Euclidean distance to find k-nearest neighbors of each observation. Both methods are tested on three datasets, one simulated and two real datasets, and results indicate that the modified KNN outperforms the KNN method in all cases.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
In old Wolf Sheep Predator and Prey model a relationship among two different types of models is s... more In old Wolf Sheep Predator and Prey model a relationship among two different types of models is shown in a relatively natural ecosystem using NetLogo. One of these is a simple mobile agent-based model for simulation while other is an aggregate model. Evaluation of both the models can be done in one by one manner or by using parallel comparison button to see behavior of both the models for the same inputs. Agent based model also captures very basics of the reality to make simulation. In this model, a random procedure is used to simulate wandering of predator (Wolves) and Prey (Sheep) in specified area. A fixed gain in energy is awarded to the Wolf on each interaction with Prey while each step on which this type of interaction is not taking place, causes a constant decrease in energy. Thus, for wolves to survive it is necessary to eat sheep to regain their energies otherwise they will start dying due to lack of energy. This construct has an assumption that reproduce rate or birth rates of wolves and sheep have a constant probability and is proportional to the population of both species. Aggregate model is a construct that is modelled using system dynamics and only consists of standard LotkaVolterra equations of predator and prey. But our new extension to this old model introduced a third agent property Food (Grass) as a competitor to make it more realistic. Now the interaction of these agents has introduced more complexity in the model and also altered the equilibrium parameters. When sheep encounters a cell with grass it eats it only if his energy is not reached to its maximum limit. Each grassy cell adds in energy of the sheep. Model initially have the assumption that probability of reproduction time of grass at each cell is constant. After, we also have introduced a new docked model for comparison between newly created Wolf-Sheep agent based model and chained aggregated model. The comparison shown that for all equilibrium states actual Wolves in agent-based model are 3 times lesser than in system dynamics aggregated model.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
Nowadays, many embedded system families and application domains such as ecosystems, service-based... more Nowadays, many embedded system families and application domains such as ecosystems, service-based applications, and self-adaptive systems in pervasive systems and cloud computing require runtime capabilities for flexible adaptation, reconfiguration, and post-deployment activities. However, we still have semi Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs) architectures that need improvement for providing mechanisms for runtime adaptation and behaviour of products. There is an advancement toward designing more dynamic software architectures and building more adaptable software able to handle autonomous decisionmaking, according to varying conditions in the context. Recent development in DSPLs attempt to address the challenges of the dynamic conditions of such systems but the state of these solution architectures is still modest. In order to provide a more comprehensive architecture there is a need to take into account the context of the DSPLs models, their solution architectures and to cope with uncertainty at runtime. In this research work, we provide a formal representation of the context in the solution architecture of DSPLs models and the management of their behaviour according to that context.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
Human face states the inner emotions, thoughts and physical disorders. These emotions are express... more Human face states the inner emotions, thoughts and physical disorders. These emotions are expressed on the face via facial muscles. The estimated time through which a facial expression occurs on the face is between 0.5 to 4 seconds, and a micro expression between 0.1 to 0.5 seconds. Obviously, for the purpose of recording micro expressions, obtaining videos frames between 30 up to 200 frames per second is essential. This research uses Kinect V.2 sensor to get the color and depth data in 30 fps. Depth image stores useful 2.5-Dimentional information from skin wrinkles which is the main key to recognize even slightest micro facial expressions. Experiment starts with splitting color and depth images into facial parts, and after applying pre-processing techniques, features extraction out of both type of data in spatial and frequency domain takes place. Some of the features which are used in this study are Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG), Gabor Filter, Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), Local Phase Quantization (LPQ), Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) feature selection algorithm applies on extracted features to have faster learning process and finally selected features are sent to neuro-fuzzy and neural network classifiers. Proposed method is evaluated with the benchmark databases such as, Eurecom Kinect Face DB, VAP RGBD-T Face, JAFFE, Face Grabber DB, FEEDB, and CASME. Moreover, the proposed method is compared with other similar methods and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method on mentioned databases. The results are really satisfactory, and it indicates classification accuracy improvement of proposed method versus other methods.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
The main purpose of Web-Based Educational Resources Management Systems (WERMSs) is to deliver kno... more The main purpose of Web-Based Educational Resources Management Systems (WERMSs) is to deliver knowledge, share information to help learners in their learning activities with an effective and efficient way by involving advanced electronic technologies. However, the Usability of these systems that is the degree of these systems to enable their users to use them effectively, efficiently and with satisfaction in a specified context of use, is one the challenges faced in the design of these systems. One of the main purposes of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is using usability concept to create WERMSs that provide a relationship between user information and the WERMSs-content. Consequently, the next step is to evaluate the WERMSs will be based on usability metrics. This paper proposes a model for usability of WERMSs. The model introduced effectiveness, efficiency satisfaction, learnability, interactivity, consistency, motivation, learner's control, and user profile (age, gender, and level of experience) as the attributes that determine the usability of such systems. The model tested and verified using questionnaires and experiments. The results showed up that effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, learnability, motivation, interactivity, consistency, learner's control, and user profile (age, gender, and level of experience) affects the usability of WERMSs.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Early behaviour models of software systems that generated from requirements specifications have p... more Early behaviour models of software systems that generated from requirements specifications have proven useful in early analysis and checking of the design correctness. A number of early behaviours modeling methods are available in the current decade. The most critical part of these methods a scenario description language which participates in dividing system into small parts called scenarios. The behaviour modeling method utilizes these scenarios as input and produce behaviour models in one of the state machine formalisms such as state chart. The complexity of the state machine is a consequence of the scenario description. This paper presents a discussion on scenario description languages. The objective is to discover which language is capable to provide most compact and concise scenario specification.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
On the website with ease of use, beautiful design, quality information and good functionality, us... more On the website with ease of use, beautiful design, quality information and good functionality, users want to return again and again. In particular, the website that takes into account the rules of web usability, is better perceived by the user, has a good indicator of the time spent on the website, obtains a high conversion rate, brings a lot of customers and increases its position in search engines. Therefore, one of the most important aspects of building the website is usability testing that lies on evaluating techniques. Hence, this article proposes the third point of the website quality evaluation methodology universal star (WQEMUS), which is evaluating the usability satisfaction degree of internet users from websites.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Cat is one of the favourite pets in Indonesia, but there are some people who have abandoned their... more Cat is one of the favourite pets in Indonesia, but there are some people who have abandoned their cats. Some of the reason is because their cats suffered from skin diseases. Skin diseases in Indonesia are commonly due to Ear Mites, Flea, Ringworm and Scabies. Along with the development of technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is needed to assist in the diagnosis process of skin diseases in cats like by using an expert system. To determine the best method that is used to build this system the comparative analysis method is carried out. The methods that can be used are Certainty Factor and Dempster-Shafer methods. Based on the analysis, earned accuracy value is 86.67% and error system is 13.33% in both methods. Despite having the results of the same accuracy and error, the average results of the two methods of diagnosis have a considerable margin of 10.9%. From the confusion matrix test results obtained accuracy value of 98.33%, precision value of 100%, and recall value of 93.33%.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Agile development is a suitable method for software development in mobile devices. Agile methods ... more Agile development is a suitable method for software development in mobile devices. Agile methods allow software teams to respond quickly to changes. The main difference between desktop development and mobile application development is rapid changes and permanent updates. This research discusses mobile application development by using agile methods. In agile methods, there are significant ways of speeding up the development of mobile app projects. An adaptation of agile approaches for mobile projects is the greatest concerns for organizations, which some of these cases have been investigated in the present research. The "ALP-mobile" model has introduced a combination of agile and lean methods to solve the problems of the mobile application development. Also, "ALP-mobile" overlay the project lifecycle in the mobile application development. High quality development and test mobile applications are one of the challenges in mobile applications. The present research deals with the usual challenges in developing and testing mobile applications in agile environments.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
E-tutoring system is a sophisticated, integrated software system that applies Artificial Intellig... more E-tutoring system is a sophisticated, integrated software system that applies Artificial Intelligence (AI) concepts and methods to teaching and learning problems and requirements. They allow the student to search for level of knowledge and learning methods used to enhance or correct the students' knowledge. In a specified area of knowledge, they are intended to support and improve teaching and learning process while preserving the learner's uniqueness. E-tutoring system research has successfully delivered systems providing support for one-to-one tutoring. Most of these systems are actively used in real-world settings and have even contributed to changing traditional education. To improve the future research related to the enhancement of tutoring, we proposed an ontology domain model including besides the standard modules a common shared ontology database and knowledge-based background, too. The shared ontology databases can improve the quality of the domain models both in tutor and student models. In this paper, we give a survey on current E-tutoring systems, E-tutoring system technologies and proposed E-tutoring architecture. In this paper, we focus on domain module, our goal here is to let the e-tutor system prepare the material according to the students' capabilities. As a result, the proposed model can solve the problem of the current E-tutoring systems, can meet the features of reusability, standardization, open knowledge and flexibility, by using the ontology domain model we can avoid the problem of isolated database. The constructed ontology can be used in the future to control adaptive intelligent e-tutor frameworks.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Software fault prediction is the process of identifying the faulty modules that helps to reduce t... more Software fault prediction is the process of identifying the faulty modules that helps to reduce the complexity of the test phase. The selection of proper features from the source code is the most important step in this process. These features, called software metrics, are a measure of the characteristic of a piece of software that gives us an overall view of the software information. According to the literature, there is still no single set of features that are related to software faults. In addition, improvement of the fault prediction is still a challenge. This research proposes a new approach to software fault prediction. First, the existing data are divided into testing and training categories using the k-fold technique and each time these categories are randomly changed. Then, the optimal features related to the software faults are selected using the F-score and a new dataset is constructed with these features. Finally, the model is classified and trained using the random forest algorithm. The proposed approach is implemented and evaluated via the NASA dataset. The results indicate that this approach has precision of 90.7%, accuracy of 91.5%, sensitivity of 92%, and F-score of 91.8%.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
The last three decades era witnessed rapid development in the field of software, and a large numb... more The last three decades era witnessed rapid development in the field of software, and a large number of software are produced and applied in different real-life aspects. The dependence on software have experienced a massive growth. There is a lot of work that has been done in the field of software development and many different methods and models are proposed to develop the software and software process. One of these concerned models is the agile model that is discussed in detail. This paper discusses the software development models in general and mainly it covers the Agile Software Development (ASD), moreover, it also discusses the ASD teams. There is a focus on agile methodologies and emerging themes in ASD, and there is a demonstration of the success rates of ASD methodologies, challenges and future trends.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
As the numbers of software projects are increasing, large numbers of projects are following agile... more As the numbers of software projects are increasing, large numbers of projects are following agile methods for efficient and agile development. Agile methodology focuses on customer satisfaction instead of conforming to plan. Agile methods show patterns of success and even deficiencies. In agile methodologies as customers are part of development strategies consequently in any project periodically key changes occur during or after the development. Traditional Methodologies do not welcome changes instead they stick to their set of requirements and try to reduce the cost by eliminating change. Change management is one of the pivotal and beside numerous advantages agile methodology offers. Agile methodology is a response to traditional methodologies as their main focus is to appease the customer even if it requires major changes at any stage during the design or development. Although when these corresponding revisions occur, they need to be enduring through a systematic process. The following research paper examines how changes are discovered in any project, their impact and further how these changes are prioritized on the basis of their importance and how they are implemented in agile environment.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
The idea of using eye movement tracking to facilitate navigation and control has provided new ave... more The idea of using eye movement tracking to facilitate navigation and control has provided new avenues of development in the field of computer vision technology. Nonetheless, the rapidity of eyeball movement requires more efficient methods of tracking them than are currently in use. In an extension to previous work, we have thus developed an effective method to track the multi directionality of an eyeball, using an extensive 3D-eyeball model, by means of utilising the corresponding features of the eye (its corners and pupil) to accurately measure the position of the eyeball without using specified calibration. Experimental results show that the approach achieves successful eyeball position measurement with lower error rates than have been obtained with other methods.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
The concept of DevOps is a hot topic in recent years. DevOps is a collection of methods for devel... more The concept of DevOps is a hot topic in recent years. DevOps is a collection of methods for developers and collaborates to deliver software and services rapidly, reliably and with higher quality. The concept of 'lean' defines a kind of the operation in the Toyota Production System. Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) are one of the important practices in the software development. CI is one of the agile software development practice that involves automation and frequent integration of the software changes. DevOps and CD are another subset of the agile. DevOps could be extended with agile methods and by using patterns and practices it helps to improve collaboration between development and operation teams. Both development models of agile and lean are similar to in terms of goals by focusing on the customers and responding to their needs in a rapid method. Agile software development focuses on the software development function, but Lean Thinking has a very explicit focus on the end-to-end process. In this review article, the principle and practices of DevOps, reasons for its usage, challenges of DevOps, the relationship of DevOps with agile are studied.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Non-functional values specify the system's operational capabilities and constraints to enhance it... more Non-functional values specify the system's operational capabilities and constraints to enhance its functionality. The non-functional requirements (NFRs) may include security, reliability, performance etc. We may say that constraint is a line with quality expectations. NFR is always a constraint to other user stories. In some scenarios, NFRs are intangible that require human judgement. Agile Software Development (ASD) model is very popular worldwide for developing software. NFRs are not considered essential in ASD. In this paper, we discuss how non-functional values work as constraint and add value to NFR in agile methodology. NFRs ensure the reliability, usability and performance of the software system. NFRs are vital for the success in case of ASD. If they are not clearly addressed undesirable results may occur such as developer cannot satisfy the user and many other issues may arise in development. There are two types of constraints internal quality constraints and external quality. NFRs are also considered as backlog constraints.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Software maintenance industrial practice should ensure reliable software systems that operate in ... more Software maintenance industrial practice should ensure reliable software systems that operate in demanding business conditions. Efficient software maintenance requires methods and tools, efficient organization and skilled maintainers. Development and further improvement of maintenance methods and tools require comprehensive analysis of software systems, as well as human and organizational issues. Weighted networks are efficient tool that enable analysis of different aspects of software maintenance, both technical and nontechnical. This article presents a preliminary literature review of weighted networks applications in software maintenance industrial practice. Literature review process, findings based on the proposed research questions, and discussion of challenges, validity and research implications are presented.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Software has covered almost every aspect of human life, from airplanes to smart phones, everythin... more Software has covered almost every aspect of human life, from airplanes to smart phones, everything is dependent on software now a days. As software covers lot of our work and make our work a lot easier but at the same time it is to be sure that lot of effort goes into making a software. Software failure has cost lot of money and human life as well. There are many factors which cause software to fail and most of the time it happens right at the end of the completion of the development of a software. In this paper, we will discuss several factors that why software fails and how it can cause companies to face major loss in terms of finance. This research paper mainly focuses on bad requirements, elicitation techniques and the issues faced due to communication.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Quality assurance is one of the important issues for software companies because the delivery of h... more Quality assurance is one of the important issues for software companies because the delivery of high-quality software for customer satisfaction is much needed. Software quality is a relatively complex concept, but many companies have standards for quality assurance. In agile methods, developers are responsible for quality assurance. Agile methods involve many practices for quality assurance. Moreover, quality assurance in the waterfall model in each stage by using different practices is done for validation. Quality assurance has many parameters, to control software quality, that are also discussed. The traditional quality assurance is carried out periodically at various stages, but the agile quality assurance is constantly being carried out by the team on daily basis. In this paper, we mentioned ways to improve quality assurance in agile development.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Requirements prioritization is an important activity during requirements collection and managemen... more Requirements prioritization is an important activity during requirements collection and management phase of software engineering. Prioritization of small size requirements is not an issue but its importance increases when requirements are large in size. Different prioritization techniques are suggested to prioritize different types of requirements but none of the suggested techniques are applied to prioritize software requirements based on dependencies in functional requirements (FRs) from the perspective of software developers. This study addresses this research gap by applying Cumulative Voting (CV) and Priority Groups based prioritization approach to prioritize FRs. Using spanning trees, all FRs are first interrelated and then CV is applied first to assign priority values to each requirement belonging to different spanning trees. Using priority groups, prioritized requirements belong to different spanning trees are assigned to priority groups such that all FRs inside each priority group have similar priority. To do so, FRs of ODOO ERP as case study are considered for prioritization. Prioritized FRs can be easily managed by parallel development team members without having dependencies in FRs of priority group.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is one of the most popular machine learning algorithms an... more The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is one of the most popular machine learning algorithms and it performs very well on many machine learning problems. KNN is a nonparametric method used for both classification and regression problems. In this paper, we introduced a modified KNN method that outperforms KNN in both classification and regression settings. In the modified KNN method we use weighted Euclidean distance rather than simple Euclidean distance to find k-nearest neighbors of each observation. Both methods are tested on three datasets, one simulated and two real datasets, and results indicate that the modified KNN outperforms the KNN method in all cases.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
In old Wolf Sheep Predator and Prey model a relationship among two different types of models is s... more In old Wolf Sheep Predator and Prey model a relationship among two different types of models is shown in a relatively natural ecosystem using NetLogo. One of these is a simple mobile agent-based model for simulation while other is an aggregate model. Evaluation of both the models can be done in one by one manner or by using parallel comparison button to see behavior of both the models for the same inputs. Agent based model also captures very basics of the reality to make simulation. In this model, a random procedure is used to simulate wandering of predator (Wolves) and Prey (Sheep) in specified area. A fixed gain in energy is awarded to the Wolf on each interaction with Prey while each step on which this type of interaction is not taking place, causes a constant decrease in energy. Thus, for wolves to survive it is necessary to eat sheep to regain their energies otherwise they will start dying due to lack of energy. This construct has an assumption that reproduce rate or birth rates of wolves and sheep have a constant probability and is proportional to the population of both species. Aggregate model is a construct that is modelled using system dynamics and only consists of standard LotkaVolterra equations of predator and prey. But our new extension to this old model introduced a third agent property Food (Grass) as a competitor to make it more realistic. Now the interaction of these agents has introduced more complexity in the model and also altered the equilibrium parameters. When sheep encounters a cell with grass it eats it only if his energy is not reached to its maximum limit. Each grassy cell adds in energy of the sheep. Model initially have the assumption that probability of reproduction time of grass at each cell is constant. After, we also have introduced a new docked model for comparison between newly created Wolf-Sheep agent based model and chained aggregated model. The comparison shown that for all equilibrium states actual Wolves in agent-based model are 3 times lesser than in system dynamics aggregated model.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
Nowadays, many embedded system families and application domains such as ecosystems, service-based... more Nowadays, many embedded system families and application domains such as ecosystems, service-based applications, and self-adaptive systems in pervasive systems and cloud computing require runtime capabilities for flexible adaptation, reconfiguration, and post-deployment activities. However, we still have semi Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs) architectures that need improvement for providing mechanisms for runtime adaptation and behaviour of products. There is an advancement toward designing more dynamic software architectures and building more adaptable software able to handle autonomous decisionmaking, according to varying conditions in the context. Recent development in DSPLs attempt to address the challenges of the dynamic conditions of such systems but the state of these solution architectures is still modest. In order to provide a more comprehensive architecture there is a need to take into account the context of the DSPLs models, their solution architectures and to cope with uncertainty at runtime. In this research work, we provide a formal representation of the context in the solution architecture of DSPLs models and the management of their behaviour according to that context.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
Human face states the inner emotions, thoughts and physical disorders. These emotions are express... more Human face states the inner emotions, thoughts and physical disorders. These emotions are expressed on the face via facial muscles. The estimated time through which a facial expression occurs on the face is between 0.5 to 4 seconds, and a micro expression between 0.1 to 0.5 seconds. Obviously, for the purpose of recording micro expressions, obtaining videos frames between 30 up to 200 frames per second is essential. This research uses Kinect V.2 sensor to get the color and depth data in 30 fps. Depth image stores useful 2.5-Dimentional information from skin wrinkles which is the main key to recognize even slightest micro facial expressions. Experiment starts with splitting color and depth images into facial parts, and after applying pre-processing techniques, features extraction out of both type of data in spatial and frequency domain takes place. Some of the features which are used in this study are Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG), Gabor Filter, Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), Local Phase Quantization (LPQ), Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) feature selection algorithm applies on extracted features to have faster learning process and finally selected features are sent to neuro-fuzzy and neural network classifiers. Proposed method is evaluated with the benchmark databases such as, Eurecom Kinect Face DB, VAP RGBD-T Face, JAFFE, Face Grabber DB, FEEDB, and CASME. Moreover, the proposed method is compared with other similar methods and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method on mentioned databases. The results are really satisfactory, and it indicates classification accuracy improvement of proposed method versus other methods.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2021
The main purpose of Web-Based Educational Resources Management Systems (WERMSs) is to deliver kno... more The main purpose of Web-Based Educational Resources Management Systems (WERMSs) is to deliver knowledge, share information to help learners in their learning activities with an effective and efficient way by involving advanced electronic technologies. However, the Usability of these systems that is the degree of these systems to enable their users to use them effectively, efficiently and with satisfaction in a specified context of use, is one the challenges faced in the design of these systems. One of the main purposes of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is using usability concept to create WERMSs that provide a relationship between user information and the WERMSs-content. Consequently, the next step is to evaluate the WERMSs will be based on usability metrics. This paper proposes a model for usability of WERMSs. The model introduced effectiveness, efficiency satisfaction, learnability, interactivity, consistency, motivation, learner's control, and user profile (age, gender, and level of experience) as the attributes that determine the usability of such systems. The model tested and verified using questionnaires and experiments. The results showed up that effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, learnability, motivation, interactivity, consistency, learner's control, and user profile (age, gender, and level of experience) affects the usability of WERMSs.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Early behaviour models of software systems that generated from requirements specifications have p... more Early behaviour models of software systems that generated from requirements specifications have proven useful in early analysis and checking of the design correctness. A number of early behaviours modeling methods are available in the current decade. The most critical part of these methods a scenario description language which participates in dividing system into small parts called scenarios. The behaviour modeling method utilizes these scenarios as input and produce behaviour models in one of the state machine formalisms such as state chart. The complexity of the state machine is a consequence of the scenario description. This paper presents a discussion on scenario description languages. The objective is to discover which language is capable to provide most compact and concise scenario specification.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
On the website with ease of use, beautiful design, quality information and good functionality, us... more On the website with ease of use, beautiful design, quality information and good functionality, users want to return again and again. In particular, the website that takes into account the rules of web usability, is better perceived by the user, has a good indicator of the time spent on the website, obtains a high conversion rate, brings a lot of customers and increases its position in search engines. Therefore, one of the most important aspects of building the website is usability testing that lies on evaluating techniques. Hence, this article proposes the third point of the website quality evaluation methodology universal star (WQEMUS), which is evaluating the usability satisfaction degree of internet users from websites.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Cat is one of the favourite pets in Indonesia, but there are some people who have abandoned their... more Cat is one of the favourite pets in Indonesia, but there are some people who have abandoned their cats. Some of the reason is because their cats suffered from skin diseases. Skin diseases in Indonesia are commonly due to Ear Mites, Flea, Ringworm and Scabies. Along with the development of technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is needed to assist in the diagnosis process of skin diseases in cats like by using an expert system. To determine the best method that is used to build this system the comparative analysis method is carried out. The methods that can be used are Certainty Factor and Dempster-Shafer methods. Based on the analysis, earned accuracy value is 86.67% and error system is 13.33% in both methods. Despite having the results of the same accuracy and error, the average results of the two methods of diagnosis have a considerable margin of 10.9%. From the confusion matrix test results obtained accuracy value of 98.33%, precision value of 100%, and recall value of 93.33%.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Agile development is a suitable method for software development in mobile devices. Agile methods ... more Agile development is a suitable method for software development in mobile devices. Agile methods allow software teams to respond quickly to changes. The main difference between desktop development and mobile application development is rapid changes and permanent updates. This research discusses mobile application development by using agile methods. In agile methods, there are significant ways of speeding up the development of mobile app projects. An adaptation of agile approaches for mobile projects is the greatest concerns for organizations, which some of these cases have been investigated in the present research. The "ALP-mobile" model has introduced a combination of agile and lean methods to solve the problems of the mobile application development. Also, "ALP-mobile" overlay the project lifecycle in the mobile application development. High quality development and test mobile applications are one of the challenges in mobile applications. The present research deals with the usual challenges in developing and testing mobile applications in agile environments.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
E-tutoring system is a sophisticated, integrated software system that applies Artificial Intellig... more E-tutoring system is a sophisticated, integrated software system that applies Artificial Intelligence (AI) concepts and methods to teaching and learning problems and requirements. They allow the student to search for level of knowledge and learning methods used to enhance or correct the students' knowledge. In a specified area of knowledge, they are intended to support and improve teaching and learning process while preserving the learner's uniqueness. E-tutoring system research has successfully delivered systems providing support for one-to-one tutoring. Most of these systems are actively used in real-world settings and have even contributed to changing traditional education. To improve the future research related to the enhancement of tutoring, we proposed an ontology domain model including besides the standard modules a common shared ontology database and knowledge-based background, too. The shared ontology databases can improve the quality of the domain models both in tutor and student models. In this paper, we give a survey on current E-tutoring systems, E-tutoring system technologies and proposed E-tutoring architecture. In this paper, we focus on domain module, our goal here is to let the e-tutor system prepare the material according to the students' capabilities. As a result, the proposed model can solve the problem of the current E-tutoring systems, can meet the features of reusability, standardization, open knowledge and flexibility, by using the ontology domain model we can avoid the problem of isolated database. The constructed ontology can be used in the future to control adaptive intelligent e-tutor frameworks.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
Software fault prediction is the process of identifying the faulty modules that helps to reduce t... more Software fault prediction is the process of identifying the faulty modules that helps to reduce the complexity of the test phase. The selection of proper features from the source code is the most important step in this process. These features, called software metrics, are a measure of the characteristic of a piece of software that gives us an overall view of the software information. According to the literature, there is still no single set of features that are related to software faults. In addition, improvement of the fault prediction is still a challenge. This research proposes a new approach to software fault prediction. First, the existing data are divided into testing and training categories using the k-fold technique and each time these categories are randomly changed. Then, the optimal features related to the software faults are selected using the F-score and a new dataset is constructed with these features. Finally, the model is classified and trained using the random forest algorithm. The proposed approach is implemented and evaluated via the NASA dataset. The results indicate that this approach has precision of 90.7%, accuracy of 91.5%, sensitivity of 92%, and F-score of 91.8%.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
The last three decades era witnessed rapid development in the field of software, and a large numb... more The last three decades era witnessed rapid development in the field of software, and a large number of software are produced and applied in different real-life aspects. The dependence on software have experienced a massive growth. There is a lot of work that has been done in the field of software development and many different methods and models are proposed to develop the software and software process. One of these concerned models is the agile model that is discussed in detail. This paper discusses the software development models in general and mainly it covers the Agile Software Development (ASD), moreover, it also discusses the ASD teams. There is a focus on agile methodologies and emerging themes in ASD, and there is a demonstration of the success rates of ASD methodologies, challenges and future trends.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
As the numbers of software projects are increasing, large numbers of projects are following agile... more As the numbers of software projects are increasing, large numbers of projects are following agile methods for efficient and agile development. Agile methodology focuses on customer satisfaction instead of conforming to plan. Agile methods show patterns of success and even deficiencies. In agile methodologies as customers are part of development strategies consequently in any project periodically key changes occur during or after the development. Traditional Methodologies do not welcome changes instead they stick to their set of requirements and try to reduce the cost by eliminating change. Change management is one of the pivotal and beside numerous advantages agile methodology offers. Agile methodology is a response to traditional methodologies as their main focus is to appease the customer even if it requires major changes at any stage during the design or development. Although when these corresponding revisions occur, they need to be enduring through a systematic process. The following research paper examines how changes are discovered in any project, their impact and further how these changes are prioritized on the basis of their importance and how they are implemented in agile environment.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
The idea of using eye movement tracking to facilitate navigation and control has provided new ave... more The idea of using eye movement tracking to facilitate navigation and control has provided new avenues of development in the field of computer vision technology. Nonetheless, the rapidity of eyeball movement requires more efficient methods of tracking them than are currently in use. In an extension to previous work, we have thus developed an effective method to track the multi directionality of an eyeball, using an extensive 3D-eyeball model, by means of utilising the corresponding features of the eye (its corners and pupil) to accurately measure the position of the eyeball without using specified calibration. Experimental results show that the approach achieves successful eyeball position measurement with lower error rates than have been obtained with other methods.
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Journal of Software Engineering & Intelligent Systems, 2020
The concept of DevOps is a hot topic in recent years. DevOps is a collection of methods for devel... more The concept of DevOps is a hot topic in recent years. DevOps is a collection of methods for developers and collaborates to deliver software and services rapidly, reliably and with higher quality. The concept of 'lean' defines a kind of the operation in the Toyota Production System. Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) are one of the important practices in the software development. CI is one of the agile software development practice that involves automation and frequent integration of the software changes. DevOps and CD are another subset of the agile. DevOps could be extended with agile methods and by using patterns and practices it helps to improve collaboration between development and operation teams. Both development models of agile and lean are similar to in terms of goals by focusing on the customers and responding to their needs in a rapid method. Agile software development focuses on the software development function, but Lean Thinking has a very explicit focus on the end-to-end process. In this review article, the principle and practices of DevOps, reasons for its usage, challenges of DevOps, the relationship of DevOps with agile are studied.
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