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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2022
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unprecedentely led to health crisis in... more Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unprecedentely led to health crisis in population across the globe. Even though the advent of vaccine has brought the spread of infection under control, shortage in vaccine supply, surge in breakthrough infections and associated mucormycosis in immunosuppressed individuals posed a potential threat. Aim: To know the incidence and outcome of COVID-19 with superadded mucormycosis in vaccinated and unvaccinated people. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study undertaken for a period of four months. Hospitalised COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. Details of age, gender and co-morbidities were taken into account. In COVID19 with mucormycosis, glycosylated haemoglobin value and steroid therapy were also noted. Clinical outcome for all the cases were analysed. Statistical analysis of the data collected was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software. Results: Out ...
Journal of Pathology of Nepal, 2021
Background: Cystic lesions of the scalp with a clinical diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst are encou... more Background: Cystic lesions of the scalp with a clinical diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst are encountered in clinical practice. However, these lesions had a different diagnostic interpretation on histopathology examination. Therefore our study focused on the lesions clinically resembling the presentation of epidermoid cyst in the scalp region. Materials and Methods: Forty-one cases of scalp lesions with a clinical diagnosis of epidermoid cyst over 2 years were reviewed. Details of the patients such as clinical diagnosis, age, gender, duration, gross findings, and histopathology diagnosis were obtained from the medical and histopathology records. Results: Epidermoid cysts diagnosed both clinically and on histopathology examination accounted for 29.26% whereas the clinical mimickers constituted 70.73%. The mean age of the patient was 35-years with an equal sex ratio. The commonest location was the parietal region (41.37%). Benign and malignant lesions consisted of 97.56% and 2.4% respec...
New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2, 2021
Aims and Objectives: The development of Kidney is a complex process having two parts the collecti... more Aims and Objectives: The development of Kidney is a complex process having two parts the collecting & excretory part. Due to recent advances in the medical field it is now possible for premature babies to survive successfully. The original conception of human fetal Kidney morphology and developmental anatomy is very important for prenatal diagnosis of normal and congenital disorders such as Wilm’s tumor, Hydronephrosis, Multicystic dysplastic kidney, Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, Megacystis, Renal dysplasia etc. Histogenesis of Kidney according to its gestational age gives overview of these congenital anomalies that are important for a developmental Anatomist , in diagnosing the Genetics aspects, Radiological and Histopathological diagnosis & finally improvising antenatal screening and forecasting the route of treatment. Methods: The study used 40 kidneys obtained from 20 spontaneously aborted foetuses [11 males and 9 females] ranging in gestation from 14 weeks to 36 weeks. After confirming their age with CRL, they were grouped and then processed to form slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The stained slides were seen under light microscope. Results: At an early gestational age, all kidneys were lobulated and fused by 36 weeks. By 18 weeks, the corticomedullary junction and preformed collecting tubules were plainly visible. By 19 to 23 weeks, well-differentiated PCT and DCT had formed. Well formed pyramids by 28 weeks and medullary rays by 29 weeks were clearly distinguished. Loop of Henle developed and distinguished by 28 weeks. Increased vascularity was seen by 32 weeks to 36 weeks. Nephrogenic zone and undifferentiated mesenchyme decreased and matured glomeruli increased by 36 weeks. Conclusion: This present study may help us in understanding various renal disorders. This study can also emphasizes on the development of each component in medulla and cortex of Kidney, regarding histological maturity & functional status according to gestational age & gives us an overall panoramic view.
International Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology, 2020
Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in women in developing countries like I... more Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in women in developing countries like India. It is preventable by regular screening by Pap smear and can be detected at pre-invasive stage. Thus, reducing the morbidity and mortality related with cervical cancers. Objective: This study aims at detecting the prevalence and current trends of various epithelial cell abnormalities (ECAs) in females attending a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital between July 2018 and Dec 2019. A total of 4280 cases of conventional Pap smears were included in the study. Clinical data and history of the patients were retrieved. All cases were reported according to Bethesda system. Results: Among 4280 cases, 256 Pap smears were unsatisfactory, 3762 Pap smears were negative for intraepithelial lesion/malignancy (NILM), and 262 cases had ECA. Conclusion: Large hospital-based studies are required for proper implementation of health services as well as sensitive screening test for early detection of cervical abnormalities which can be helpful in decreasing the burden of cervical cancer in our community.
Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice, 2019
Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology, 2020
Twin pregnancies with congenital malformations in foetuses is associated with higher morbidity an... more Twin pregnancies with congenital malformations in foetuses is associated with higher morbidity and mortality both for the mother as well as the child Its incidence is 4 times more common than single births. This study highlights rare anomalies and complications in twins Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study which includes women with twin pregnancies diagnosed in first trimester by sonography. The cases were collected from a maternity hospital over a period of one year. Details of gestational age, gender, zygosity, chorionicity, anomalies and complications of the twins were taken into account along with age and parity of the mother. Results: Out of 2023 pregnancies 41 were twin pregnancies in which 23 were dizygotic twins and 18 were monozygotic twins based on Weinberg formula. Congenital anomalies and fetal complications were observed in 4 cases (17.39%) of dizygotic twins and 8 cases (44.44%) of monozygotic twins. The affected twins predominantly belonged to female sex. Monozygotic twins showed TRAP Sequence with Acephaly and Twin to twin transfusion syndrome in 2 and 3 pairs respectively. Pregnant women with twins were between 25 to 40 years of age group. Conclusion: Twining rate was 20.26/1000 deliveries. Central nervous system anomalies were seen in women with no folic acid intake preconceptionly. Complications and anomalies were among monozygotic twins. Therefore chorionicity of the placenta should be detected in first trimester of pregnancy in order to prevent fetal deaths by undertaking appropriate medical measures.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2022
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unprecedentely led to health crisis in... more Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unprecedentely led to health crisis in population across the globe. Even though the advent of vaccine has brought the spread of infection under control, shortage in vaccine supply, surge in breakthrough infections and associated mucormycosis in immunosuppressed individuals posed a potential threat. Aim: To know the incidence and outcome of COVID-19 with superadded mucormycosis in vaccinated and unvaccinated people. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study undertaken for a period of four months. Hospitalised COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. Details of age, gender and co-morbidities were taken into account. In COVID19 with mucormycosis, glycosylated haemoglobin value and steroid therapy were also noted. Clinical outcome for all the cases were analysed. Statistical analysis of the data collected was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software. Results: Out ...
Journal of Pathology of Nepal, 2021
Background: Cystic lesions of the scalp with a clinical diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst are encou... more Background: Cystic lesions of the scalp with a clinical diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst are encountered in clinical practice. However, these lesions had a different diagnostic interpretation on histopathology examination. Therefore our study focused on the lesions clinically resembling the presentation of epidermoid cyst in the scalp region. Materials and Methods: Forty-one cases of scalp lesions with a clinical diagnosis of epidermoid cyst over 2 years were reviewed. Details of the patients such as clinical diagnosis, age, gender, duration, gross findings, and histopathology diagnosis were obtained from the medical and histopathology records. Results: Epidermoid cysts diagnosed both clinically and on histopathology examination accounted for 29.26% whereas the clinical mimickers constituted 70.73%. The mean age of the patient was 35-years with an equal sex ratio. The commonest location was the parietal region (41.37%). Benign and malignant lesions consisted of 97.56% and 2.4% respec...
New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2, 2021
Aims and Objectives: The development of Kidney is a complex process having two parts the collecti... more Aims and Objectives: The development of Kidney is a complex process having two parts the collecting & excretory part. Due to recent advances in the medical field it is now possible for premature babies to survive successfully. The original conception of human fetal Kidney morphology and developmental anatomy is very important for prenatal diagnosis of normal and congenital disorders such as Wilm’s tumor, Hydronephrosis, Multicystic dysplastic kidney, Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, Megacystis, Renal dysplasia etc. Histogenesis of Kidney according to its gestational age gives overview of these congenital anomalies that are important for a developmental Anatomist , in diagnosing the Genetics aspects, Radiological and Histopathological diagnosis & finally improvising antenatal screening and forecasting the route of treatment. Methods: The study used 40 kidneys obtained from 20 spontaneously aborted foetuses [11 males and 9 females] ranging in gestation from 14 weeks to 36 weeks. After confirming their age with CRL, they were grouped and then processed to form slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The stained slides were seen under light microscope. Results: At an early gestational age, all kidneys were lobulated and fused by 36 weeks. By 18 weeks, the corticomedullary junction and preformed collecting tubules were plainly visible. By 19 to 23 weeks, well-differentiated PCT and DCT had formed. Well formed pyramids by 28 weeks and medullary rays by 29 weeks were clearly distinguished. Loop of Henle developed and distinguished by 28 weeks. Increased vascularity was seen by 32 weeks to 36 weeks. Nephrogenic zone and undifferentiated mesenchyme decreased and matured glomeruli increased by 36 weeks. Conclusion: This present study may help us in understanding various renal disorders. This study can also emphasizes on the development of each component in medulla and cortex of Kidney, regarding histological maturity & functional status according to gestational age & gives us an overall panoramic view.
International Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology, 2020
Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in women in developing countries like I... more Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in women in developing countries like India. It is preventable by regular screening by Pap smear and can be detected at pre-invasive stage. Thus, reducing the morbidity and mortality related with cervical cancers. Objective: This study aims at detecting the prevalence and current trends of various epithelial cell abnormalities (ECAs) in females attending a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital between July 2018 and Dec 2019. A total of 4280 cases of conventional Pap smears were included in the study. Clinical data and history of the patients were retrieved. All cases were reported according to Bethesda system. Results: Among 4280 cases, 256 Pap smears were unsatisfactory, 3762 Pap smears were negative for intraepithelial lesion/malignancy (NILM), and 262 cases had ECA. Conclusion: Large hospital-based studies are required for proper implementation of health services as well as sensitive screening test for early detection of cervical abnormalities which can be helpful in decreasing the burden of cervical cancer in our community.
Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice, 2019
Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology, 2020
Twin pregnancies with congenital malformations in foetuses is associated with higher morbidity an... more Twin pregnancies with congenital malformations in foetuses is associated with higher morbidity and mortality both for the mother as well as the child Its incidence is 4 times more common than single births. This study highlights rare anomalies and complications in twins Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study which includes women with twin pregnancies diagnosed in first trimester by sonography. The cases were collected from a maternity hospital over a period of one year. Details of gestational age, gender, zygosity, chorionicity, anomalies and complications of the twins were taken into account along with age and parity of the mother. Results: Out of 2023 pregnancies 41 were twin pregnancies in which 23 were dizygotic twins and 18 were monozygotic twins based on Weinberg formula. Congenital anomalies and fetal complications were observed in 4 cases (17.39%) of dizygotic twins and 8 cases (44.44%) of monozygotic twins. The affected twins predominantly belonged to female sex. Monozygotic twins showed TRAP Sequence with Acephaly and Twin to twin transfusion syndrome in 2 and 3 pairs respectively. Pregnant women with twins were between 25 to 40 years of age group. Conclusion: Twining rate was 20.26/1000 deliveries. Central nervous system anomalies were seen in women with no folic acid intake preconceptionly. Complications and anomalies were among monozygotic twins. Therefore chorionicity of the placenta should be detected in first trimester of pregnancy in order to prevent fetal deaths by undertaking appropriate medical measures.