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Papers by malehah mohd noh

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is clinically defined as the presence of portal hyperten... more Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is clinically defined as the presence of portal hypertension in the background of non-cirrhotic liver. It is diagnosed by the findings in ultrasound of the hepatobiliary system and also oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS) that consistent with that of a portal hypertension, but otherwise has a relatively normal liver function and echotexture. The treatment mainly focuses on primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding both pharmacologically like non-selective beta-blockers and octreotide, and non-pharmacologically like endoscopic band ligation of varices and sclerotherapy. In advance cases, sometimes surgery such as Porto-systemic shunt or splenectomy may be required especially in patients with uncontrolled variceal bleeding or with symptomatic hypersplenism. Here we report a case of a young man who presented with upper gastro-intestinal bleeding, which was initially thought from a bleeding ulcer but was found to be secondary to oesop...

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Journal of Medical Case Reports

Background We present this case to draw attention to the importance of early diagnosis in terms o... more Background We present this case to draw attention to the importance of early diagnosis in terms of life-saving, noting that greater awareness is important among healthcare professionals. Our patient developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) after his neuroleptic drug dosage was increased. His condition was complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) which required hemodialysis. The uniqueness of this case is that the causative agent of NMS is an atypical antipsychotic, and atypical antipsychotics are generally considered to be safer than typical antipsychotics. Case presentation A 31-year-old Chinese man with underlying schizophrenia presented to our hospital with aggressive behavior. He was admitted to the psychiatric hospital and started on his regular medications, with an increase in the dose of olanzapine tablet from 5 to 10 mg daily. After 5 days in the ward, the patient was noted to have high fever, restlessness, confusion, increased muscle rigidity, tachycardia and tachypno...

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020

Introduction: Health workforce education and training is a complex investment, which align educat... more Introduction: Health workforce education and training is a complex investment, which align education, finance, labour market and policies. Most medical universities have limited residency programs to satisfy the postgraduate career preference and lack of supervision career and social orientations to medical students which lead to misunderstandings of personal learning plans and preferences in medical profession. Therefore, this study aimed to examine medical students' career choices and altitudes towards medical instruction in preparing the medical students to work in rural and remote areas of Sabah. Methods: 98 First and 95 fifth year medical students were obtained consent to answer UMS Career Study Questionnaire consisting 29 questions on (1) medical schools-school career orientation; (2) students-study year; (3) student valuesacademic performance, and attitudes; (4) satisfaction-salary, secure, workload. (5) Perception on specialty (6) perception of potential benefits. Results: The first three selected specialties of choices for postgraduate training. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 26 (15.2%), surgery 23 (13.5%), paediatrics and child health 18 (10.5%) of the medical students, respectively. The main reasons for specialty preferences were opportunity to learn community health problems (35%), adequate time to study in rural health facilities (28%) and privilege for specialty training (24%), family live in rural area (20%). Conclusions: Medical students' inclination towards few clinical specialties might raise a concern in shortage in various clinical speciality areas.

Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 2022

Introduction Myositis in systemic lupus erythematous may present in a wide range of clinical spec... more Introduction Myositis in systemic lupus erythematous may present in a wide range of clinical spectrum. It can be part of an overlap syndrome, or mixed connective tissue disease or a musculoskeletal manifestation of systemic lupus erythematous itself. Case presentation Here, we present a young girl with an underlying systemic lupus erythematous presented with the typical manifestation of severe proximal myopathy in the background of normal creatine kinase values. The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous myopathy was made after excluding other more common causes of myopathies which in itself is a very rare occurrence. Discussions A normal creatine kinase values does not exclude systemic lupus erythematous myositis, but make the diagnosis more challenging. However, there are other parameters or diagnostic tools which can be used to exclude a myositis. Conclusion This case elucidates the importance of history and physical examination in the face of some conflicting laboratory data.

s International Health & Medical Sciences Conference 8-9 March 2019 1 Attitude Towards the Use of... more s International Health & Medical Sciences Conference 8-9 March 2019 1 Attitude Towards the Use of Opioid Analgesic in The Management of Pain in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Among Nurses’ Working at Nizwa Hospital Sara Saleem Salim Al Batrani*, Sabtu Hitam School of Nursing, College of Pharmacy and Nursing, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Nizwa, Oman *Corresponding author: 12179452@uofn.edu.om

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome ... more The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neu...

Scientific Abstracts

BackgroundPatients with autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) are at risk of severe COVID-19 infect... more BackgroundPatients with autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) are at risk of severe COVID-19 infection and vaccine has been demonstrated to be able to reduce the severity of infection. Malaysia has a low flu vaccination coverage rate (approximately 3%) and hence it is important to assess the perception and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine especially among the vulnerable group.ObjectivesTo study the perception of COVID-19 vaccine and to determine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among AIRD patients in Malaysia.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey using online Google Forms® that was conducted among adult AIRD patients (18 years and older) from August 2021 until February 2022. Patients were recruited from the outpatient clinics as well as distribution of the survey through social medias. The survey was in English and Malay language. The survey collected data on the socio-demographic background, prior history of other vaccination after the age of 18 and COVID-19 vaccination with reaso...

Cureus, Jan 18, 2023

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that can affect all ages, but it is more comm... more Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that can affect all ages, but it is more common in the elderly. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been invented evolutionarily over the years to halt this disease. Exercise is one of the first-line treatments for knee OA as well as for prevention. This case study features a 47-year-old man who has grade IV bilateral knee OA and has never had any surgery and takes fish oil daily as a supplement. His walking pattern was significantly impacted by the chronic knee discomfort he had in both legs. Thus, the walking gait of this patient was analyzed together with core muscle activation before and after two weeks of core resistance exercise intervention. The knee pain score was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC). The outcomes of this research depict that core resistance training has the potential to be used as an alternative, non-surgical and non-pharmacological treatment for a patient with knee OA.

Gazi Medical Journal, 2020

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Gazi Medical Journal, 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus has been rarely reported to be associated with cranial diabetes insi... more Systemic lupus erythematosus has been rarely reported to be associated with cranial diabetes insipidus. It is a condition clinically manifest as severe polyuria and reactive polydipsia that may lead to electrolyte imbalance or acute kidney injury as a result of arginine vasopressin insufficiency. Here, we report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis previously under control with medication presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms which responded to pulsed methylprednisolone, developed severe polyuria, polydipsia and hypernatremia which persisted after pulsed therapy. Serum and urine osmolarity were suggestive of diabetes insipidus and the polyuria resolved dramatically after trial of oral desmopressin which in keeping with the diagnosis of central cause. The objective of this case report is to share the uncommon occurrence of diabetes insipidus in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020

Introduction: Nutrition is an issue of great academic and public importance. However, there is ev... more Introduction: Nutrition is an issue of great academic and public importance. However, there is evidence that parents do not have family breakfast, lunch or dinner with their children. This study aims to assess the prevalence of having regular family breakfast, lunch, dinner among primary school children age 7 to 12 years in Kota Kinabalu and its association with children's weight status. Methods: The study is based on 485 children (mean age: 11.5+/-0.7 years, 54% girls) randomly selected in five primary schools in Kota Kinabalu who participated in a cross-sectional schoolbased survey in 2019. Data on family meals were self-reported by the parents by answering a validated questionnaire. Children's height and weight were measured to determine BMI status. Binary regression analyses assessed the associations of having regular family meals with children's obesity status and to assess potential differences in having family meals according to gender and parental education. Results: The mean BMI male gender 24.3 ± 4.05 versus mean BMI female gender 17.9 ± 3.62 from 7 to 12 years old. The father mean BMI was 33.2 ± 8.24 versus 26.17 ± 9.63 mean BMI in mother from 32 to 52 years old. The prevalence of obesity within five (5) selected schools in Kota Kinabalu was only 13.2%. Regarding potential sociodemographic determinants, children of higher educated parents (STPM, DIPLOMA)[OR = 1.85 (95% CI 1.20-2.85)] were more likely to have breakfast together, while children of lower educated parents (SRP, SPM) [OR = 1.08 (95% CI 0.91-1.44)] were more likely to have dinner together. No significant associations of having family meals with gender observed. The prevalence of regular family meals was 94.6%, 74.17% and 93.8% for breakfast, lunch and dinner respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that having regular family breakfast, lunch and dinner was associated with children normal BMI between 18.50-24.99.

Frontiers in Public Health, 2020

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome ... more The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neu...

Medical and Health Science Journal

In this population-based study, we determined the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of communi... more In this population-based study, we determined the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of community in remote areas of Ranau, Sabah to have accurate information for health-care planning. It also investigated the association of risk factors with the prevalence of CKD. A sample of 270 individuals, compared to the study of the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011, of the adult population (over 18 years old) undertaken in West Malaysia. We measured the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using this CKD-EPI equation. The total prevalence of chronic kidney disease in this group was 53%. An estimated 3.3% had stage 1 chronic kidney disease (eGFR >90 ml/min per 1.73m2), 32.6% had stage 2 (eGFR 60–89 ml/min per 1.73m2), 4.1% had stage 3 (eGFR 30–59 ml/min per 1.73m2), 7% had stage 4 (eGFR 15–29 ml/min per 1.73m2), and 6% had stage 5 chronic kidney disease (eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73m2). Only 4% of respondents with chronic kidney disease were aware of their diagnosis. The sig...

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is clinically defined as the presence of portal hyperten... more Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is clinically defined as the presence of portal hypertension in the background of non-cirrhotic liver. It is diagnosed by the findings in ultrasound of the hepatobiliary system and also oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS) that consistent with that of a portal hypertension, but otherwise has a relatively normal liver function and echotexture. The treatment mainly focuses on primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding both pharmacologically like non-selective beta-blockers and octreotide, and non-pharmacologically like endoscopic band ligation of varices and sclerotherapy. In advance cases, sometimes surgery such as Porto-systemic shunt or splenectomy may be required especially in patients with uncontrolled variceal bleeding or with symptomatic hypersplenism. Here we report a case of a young man who presented with upper gastro-intestinal bleeding, which was initially thought from a bleeding ulcer but was found to be secondary to oesop...

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Journal of Medical Case Reports

Background We present this case to draw attention to the importance of early diagnosis in terms o... more Background We present this case to draw attention to the importance of early diagnosis in terms of life-saving, noting that greater awareness is important among healthcare professionals. Our patient developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) after his neuroleptic drug dosage was increased. His condition was complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) which required hemodialysis. The uniqueness of this case is that the causative agent of NMS is an atypical antipsychotic, and atypical antipsychotics are generally considered to be safer than typical antipsychotics. Case presentation A 31-year-old Chinese man with underlying schizophrenia presented to our hospital with aggressive behavior. He was admitted to the psychiatric hospital and started on his regular medications, with an increase in the dose of olanzapine tablet from 5 to 10 mg daily. After 5 days in the ward, the patient was noted to have high fever, restlessness, confusion, increased muscle rigidity, tachycardia and tachypno...

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020

Introduction: Health workforce education and training is a complex investment, which align educat... more Introduction: Health workforce education and training is a complex investment, which align education, finance, labour market and policies. Most medical universities have limited residency programs to satisfy the postgraduate career preference and lack of supervision career and social orientations to medical students which lead to misunderstandings of personal learning plans and preferences in medical profession. Therefore, this study aimed to examine medical students' career choices and altitudes towards medical instruction in preparing the medical students to work in rural and remote areas of Sabah. Methods: 98 First and 95 fifth year medical students were obtained consent to answer UMS Career Study Questionnaire consisting 29 questions on (1) medical schools-school career orientation; (2) students-study year; (3) student valuesacademic performance, and attitudes; (4) satisfaction-salary, secure, workload. (5) Perception on specialty (6) perception of potential benefits. Results: The first three selected specialties of choices for postgraduate training. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 26 (15.2%), surgery 23 (13.5%), paediatrics and child health 18 (10.5%) of the medical students, respectively. The main reasons for specialty preferences were opportunity to learn community health problems (35%), adequate time to study in rural health facilities (28%) and privilege for specialty training (24%), family live in rural area (20%). Conclusions: Medical students' inclination towards few clinical specialties might raise a concern in shortage in various clinical speciality areas.

Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 2022

Introduction Myositis in systemic lupus erythematous may present in a wide range of clinical spec... more Introduction Myositis in systemic lupus erythematous may present in a wide range of clinical spectrum. It can be part of an overlap syndrome, or mixed connective tissue disease or a musculoskeletal manifestation of systemic lupus erythematous itself. Case presentation Here, we present a young girl with an underlying systemic lupus erythematous presented with the typical manifestation of severe proximal myopathy in the background of normal creatine kinase values. The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous myopathy was made after excluding other more common causes of myopathies which in itself is a very rare occurrence. Discussions A normal creatine kinase values does not exclude systemic lupus erythematous myositis, but make the diagnosis more challenging. However, there are other parameters or diagnostic tools which can be used to exclude a myositis. Conclusion This case elucidates the importance of history and physical examination in the face of some conflicting laboratory data.

s International Health & Medical Sciences Conference 8-9 March 2019 1 Attitude Towards the Use of... more s International Health & Medical Sciences Conference 8-9 March 2019 1 Attitude Towards the Use of Opioid Analgesic in The Management of Pain in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Among Nurses’ Working at Nizwa Hospital Sara Saleem Salim Al Batrani*, Sabtu Hitam School of Nursing, College of Pharmacy and Nursing, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Nizwa, Oman *Corresponding author: 12179452@uofn.edu.om

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome ... more The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neu...

Scientific Abstracts

BackgroundPatients with autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) are at risk of severe COVID-19 infect... more BackgroundPatients with autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) are at risk of severe COVID-19 infection and vaccine has been demonstrated to be able to reduce the severity of infection. Malaysia has a low flu vaccination coverage rate (approximately 3%) and hence it is important to assess the perception and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine especially among the vulnerable group.ObjectivesTo study the perception of COVID-19 vaccine and to determine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among AIRD patients in Malaysia.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey using online Google Forms® that was conducted among adult AIRD patients (18 years and older) from August 2021 until February 2022. Patients were recruited from the outpatient clinics as well as distribution of the survey through social medias. The survey was in English and Malay language. The survey collected data on the socio-demographic background, prior history of other vaccination after the age of 18 and COVID-19 vaccination with reaso...

Cureus, Jan 18, 2023

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that can affect all ages, but it is more comm... more Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that can affect all ages, but it is more common in the elderly. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been invented evolutionarily over the years to halt this disease. Exercise is one of the first-line treatments for knee OA as well as for prevention. This case study features a 47-year-old man who has grade IV bilateral knee OA and has never had any surgery and takes fish oil daily as a supplement. His walking pattern was significantly impacted by the chronic knee discomfort he had in both legs. Thus, the walking gait of this patient was analyzed together with core muscle activation before and after two weeks of core resistance exercise intervention. The knee pain score was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC). The outcomes of this research depict that core resistance training has the potential to be used as an alternative, non-surgical and non-pharmacological treatment for a patient with knee OA.

Gazi Medical Journal, 2020

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Gazi Medical Journal, 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus has been rarely reported to be associated with cranial diabetes insi... more Systemic lupus erythematosus has been rarely reported to be associated with cranial diabetes insipidus. It is a condition clinically manifest as severe polyuria and reactive polydipsia that may lead to electrolyte imbalance or acute kidney injury as a result of arginine vasopressin insufficiency. Here, we report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis previously under control with medication presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms which responded to pulsed methylprednisolone, developed severe polyuria, polydipsia and hypernatremia which persisted after pulsed therapy. Serum and urine osmolarity were suggestive of diabetes insipidus and the polyuria resolved dramatically after trial of oral desmopressin which in keeping with the diagnosis of central cause. The objective of this case report is to share the uncommon occurrence of diabetes insipidus in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020

Introduction: Nutrition is an issue of great academic and public importance. However, there is ev... more Introduction: Nutrition is an issue of great academic and public importance. However, there is evidence that parents do not have family breakfast, lunch or dinner with their children. This study aims to assess the prevalence of having regular family breakfast, lunch, dinner among primary school children age 7 to 12 years in Kota Kinabalu and its association with children's weight status. Methods: The study is based on 485 children (mean age: 11.5+/-0.7 years, 54% girls) randomly selected in five primary schools in Kota Kinabalu who participated in a cross-sectional schoolbased survey in 2019. Data on family meals were self-reported by the parents by answering a validated questionnaire. Children's height and weight were measured to determine BMI status. Binary regression analyses assessed the associations of having regular family meals with children's obesity status and to assess potential differences in having family meals according to gender and parental education. Results: The mean BMI male gender 24.3 ± 4.05 versus mean BMI female gender 17.9 ± 3.62 from 7 to 12 years old. The father mean BMI was 33.2 ± 8.24 versus 26.17 ± 9.63 mean BMI in mother from 32 to 52 years old. The prevalence of obesity within five (5) selected schools in Kota Kinabalu was only 13.2%. Regarding potential sociodemographic determinants, children of higher educated parents (STPM, DIPLOMA)[OR = 1.85 (95% CI 1.20-2.85)] were more likely to have breakfast together, while children of lower educated parents (SRP, SPM) [OR = 1.08 (95% CI 0.91-1.44)] were more likely to have dinner together. No significant associations of having family meals with gender observed. The prevalence of regular family meals was 94.6%, 74.17% and 93.8% for breakfast, lunch and dinner respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that having regular family breakfast, lunch and dinner was associated with children normal BMI between 18.50-24.99.

Frontiers in Public Health, 2020

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome ... more The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neu...

Medical and Health Science Journal

In this population-based study, we determined the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of communi... more In this population-based study, we determined the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of community in remote areas of Ranau, Sabah to have accurate information for health-care planning. It also investigated the association of risk factors with the prevalence of CKD. A sample of 270 individuals, compared to the study of the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011, of the adult population (over 18 years old) undertaken in West Malaysia. We measured the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using this CKD-EPI equation. The total prevalence of chronic kidney disease in this group was 53%. An estimated 3.3% had stage 1 chronic kidney disease (eGFR >90 ml/min per 1.73m2), 32.6% had stage 2 (eGFR 60–89 ml/min per 1.73m2), 4.1% had stage 3 (eGFR 30–59 ml/min per 1.73m2), 7% had stage 4 (eGFR 15–29 ml/min per 1.73m2), and 6% had stage 5 chronic kidney disease (eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73m2). Only 4% of respondents with chronic kidney disease were aware of their diagnosis. The sig...