pj manning - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by pj manning

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011

European Respiratory Journal, 2009

We examined potential associations of ever asthma, and symptoms of wheeze (past 12 months), hay f... more We examined potential associations of ever asthma, and symptoms of wheeze (past 12 months), hay fever, eczema and bronchitis (cough with phlegm) among school children exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) in cars, using a modified Irish International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol. 2,809 children of 13-14 yrs old and who selected randomly from post-primary schools throughout Ireland completed the 2007 ISAAC self-administered questionnaire. Adjusted OR (adjusted for sex, active smoking status of children interviewed and their SHS exposure at home) were estimated for the associations studied, using multivariable logistic regression techniques. Overall, 14.8% (13.9% in young males, 15.4% in young females) of Irish children aged 13-14 yrs old were exposed to SHS in cars. Although there was a tendency towards increased likelihood of both respiratory and allergic symptoms with SHS exposure in cars, wheeze and hay fever symptoms were significantly higher (adjusted OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.08-1.70) and 1.30 (1.01-1.67), respectively), while bronchitis symptoms and asthma were not significant (1.33 (0.92-1.95) and 1.07 (0.81-1.42), respectively). Approximately one in seven Irish schoolchildren are exposed to SHS in cars and could have adverse respiratory health effects. Further studies are imperative to explore such associations across different population settings.

Allergologie, 2009

BOUSQUET J.; KHALTAEV N.; CRUZ AA; DENBURG J.; FOKKENS W.; TOGIAS A.; ZUBERBIER T.; BAENA-CAGNANI... more BOUSQUET J.; KHALTAEV N.; CRUZ AA; DENBURG J.; FOKKENS W.; TOGIAS A.; ZUBERBIER T.; BAENA-CAGNANI C.; CANONICA GW; VAN WEEL C.; AGACHE I.; AÏT-KHALED N.; BACHERT C.; BLAISS M.; BONINI S.; BOULET L.-P.; BOUSQUET P.-J.; ...

Irish medical journal, 1984

Advances in prostaglandin, thromboxane, and leukotriene research, 1994

The American review of respiratory disease, 1988

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1987

Airway hyperresponsiveness develops in dogs after ozone inhalation. This study examined the role ... more Airway hyperresponsiveness develops in dogs after ozone inhalation. This study examined the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs. Dose-response curves to acetylcholine (n = 8) and histamine (n = 4) were measured before and after exposure to ozone (3 ppm for 30 min). The provocative concentration of each agonist was measured on two randomly assigned days separated by at least 1 wk. On one day a control experiment was performed, and on the other day the dogs were pretreated with the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium bromide in doses that block ganglionic transmission. The acetylcholine provocative concentration decreased on the control day from 5.5 mg/ml (%SE 1.8) before ozone to 0.5 mg/ml (%SE 2.0) after ozone (P less than 0.0001). After pretreatment with hexamethonium the acetylcholine provocative concentration decreased from 9.0 mg/ml (%SE 1.8) before ozone to 1.0 mg/ml (%SE 2.0) after ozone (P = 0.002). The results were simi...

The American review of respiratory disease, 1991

Journal of Asthma, 1992

1. J Asthma. 1992;29(3):153-63. Clinical relevance of lipid mediators in asthma. O'Byrne... more 1. J Asthma. 1992;29(3):153-63. Clinical relevance of lipid mediators in asthma. O'Byrne PM, Manning PJ. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. PMID: 1601835 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Review. MeSH Terms: ...

Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, 2003

Environmental, cultural and health care differences may account for variation among countries in ... more Environmental, cultural and health care differences may account for variation among countries in the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in teenagers. To examine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the level of diagnosis, and to compare determinants of asthma and severe wheeze in two countries. Self-completion questionnaires based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol were provided to school children in Ireland (Republic and Northern Ireland). In the Republic of Ireland, all children in classes largely aged 13-14 years from 30 post-primary schools were selected by random sampling stratified by school size, composition and Health Board in Spring 1995. In Northern Ireland, all children largely aged 13-14 years of age from 26 post-primary schools were selected by random sampling stratified by school type, composition and Education and Library Board in Spring 1996. Questionnaires were completed by 2,364 children from Northern Ireland and 2,671 from the Republic, about 90% of those eligible to participate. The prevalences of wheeze at various levels of severity, of diagnosed asthma and of treated wheeze were very similar in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. A significant proportion of those reporting more severe symptomatology (four or more attacks of wheeze in the past 12 months and/or one or more nights disturbed and/or moderate or greater disruption of daily activities and/or speech restriction due to wheeze) had been neither diagnosed nor treated for asthma (20-37%). To investigate the determinants of the more severe symptomatology of asthma or treated wheeze a series of stepwise multiple regression analyses was performed. A history of atopy, cigarette smoking, the possession of a furry pet other than a dog or cat and age were each independently associated with severe wheeze, whilst atopy, a furry pet (as above) and gender were each independently associated with asthma or treated wheeze. Cigarette smoking is closely associated with the reporting of significant respiratory symptoms together with atopy and exposure to furry pets. Some 20-37% of severe symptoms were neither diagnosed nor treated as asthma.

CHEST Journal, 1994

Histamine challenge testing is used to measure airway responsiveness in asthma. Histamine tachyph... more Histamine challenge testing is used to measure airway responsiveness in asthma. Histamine tachyphylaxis has been demonstrated after repeated challenges in mild asthmatics not using inhaled corticosteroid. Other studies, using subjects with variable severity of asthma, have not demonstrated histamine tachyphylaxis. Forty patients with stable asthma were studied and stratified according to severity of airway hyperresponsiveness and use of inhaled corticosteroid, to examine the effects of these factors on histamine tachyphylaxis. Airway responsiveness was measured as the histamine provocative concentration causing a 20 percent fall in FEY1 (PCZO). Twenty subjects had mildly increased

The Journal of asthma: official journal …, 1992

1. J Asthma. 1992;29(3):153-63. Clinical relevance of lipid mediators in asthma. O'Byrne PM,... more 1. J Asthma. 1992;29(3):153-63. Clinical relevance of lipid mediators in asthma. O'Byrne PM, Manning PJ. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. PMID: 1601835 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Review. MeSH Terms: ...

American Journal of …, 1988

Histamine tachyphylaxis develops with repeated inhalation of histamine in asthmatic subjects, and... more Histamine tachyphylaxis develops with repeated inhalation of histamine in asthmatic subjects, and this appears to be due to the release of inhibitory prostaglandins. The purpose of this study was to determine whether histamine H2-receptors are also involved in the development of this protective effect in the airways. Seven subjects with mild asthma were studied on 2 days separated by at least 1 wk. On both days, three histamine inhalation tests were performed, separated by 1 h. The response was expressed as the provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 (histamine PC20). Before each study day subjects were pretreated with placebo or cimetidine (300 mg twice a day) for 3 days in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Cimetidine pretreatment had no effect on either baseline FEV1 or on baseline histamine PC20 (p = 0.461). After pretreatment with placebo, histamine tachyphylaxis occurred in all subjects; the mean PC20 increased from 3.01 mg/ml (%SD, 1.44) to 4.88 mg/ml (%SD, 1.68) and to 6.84 mg/ml (%SD, 1.68). Cimetidine pretreatment prevented histamine tachyphylaxis; the mean PC20 was 2.72 mg/ml (%SD, 1.77), 3.03 mg/ml (%SD, 1.73), and 3.56 mg/ml (%SD, 1.59) with repeated tests. These values differed significantly from placebo for both the second (p = 0.014) and third (p = 0.001) tests. This study demonstrated that cimetidine pretreatment prevents histamine tachyphylaxis and suggests that histamine tachyphylaxis occurs through stimulation of histamine H2-receptors in the airway.

American Journal of …, 1991

The inflammatory response during allergen-induced asthma was assessed using serial measures of pe... more The inflammatory response during allergen-induced asthma was assessed using serial measures of peripheral blood eosinophils (Eo), basophils (B), and Eo/B progenitor cells (Eo/B-CFU). A group of 14 stable asthmatic individuals (beta 2-agonists only as needed) had inhalation provocation tests with allergen (18 tests in total) and with diluent. Serial blood samples were taken before and 1 and 24 h after the tests; methylcellulose cultures for Eo/B-CFU and granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CFU) were scored at 14 days. Circulating Eo, B, and Eo/B-CFU were increased at 24 h after allergen inhalation when this resulted in increased histamine airway responsiveness (n = 13). In the 5 subjects with isolated early asthmatic responses the Eo, B, and Eo/B-CFU counts did not change. There was no change in the GM-CFU after allergen. The ratio change in circulating Eo/B-CFU was negatively correlated with baseline histamine airway responsiveness (r = -0.8, p less than 0.05). Four subjects who had an isolated early response and no blood changes to one allergen developed an increase in histamine airway responsiveness and an increase in Eo, B, and Eo/B progenitors after inhalation of a second different allergen. The results indicate that in subjects with an allergen-induced increase in histamine airway responsiveness, an inflammatory response occurs that includes an increase in the number of Eo/B progenitors. This response, possibly mediated by Eo/B growth and differentiation factors, could lead to the accumulation of these cells in the airway and contribute to the airways inflammation present in asthma.

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2010

Chapter 1. The policy context for tobacco taxation 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Role of the European Unio... more Chapter 1. The policy context for tobacco taxation 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Role of the European Union in tobacco control policy 1.3 Role of the European Court of Justice in tobacco taxation 1.4 The European Union response to low taxes in the Russian Federation and Ukraine 1.5 The European Commission anti-fraud strategy 1.6 Tobacco tax administration 1.7 International context of tobacco taxation policy 1.8 References Chapter 2. Effectiveness of tobacco taxation for tobacco control in Europe 2.1 Summary review of tobacco demand studies based on aggregate data 2.2 Summary review of tobacco demand studies based on microeconomic data 2.3 New evidence on the effectiveness of tobacco taxation for tobacco control from the PPACTE project 2.4 Policy implications of PPACTE findings on the effectiveness of tobacco taxation for public health 2.5 References Chapter 3. Tobacco tax structures and rates 3.1 Tobacco tax structures and their implications 3.2 Structures and rates of taxes as set out in excise directives 3.3 Adjustment of the overall minimum tax 3.4 Differential taxation of tobacco products 3.5 Substitution of hand-rolling tobacco for cigarettes 3.6 Down-trading from more expensive to cheaper brands 3.7 Reference value for calculating tax incidence 3.8 Tobacco tax structures and rates in Eastern border countries: the Russian Federation and Ukraine 3.9 Policy implications of PPACTE findings on tobacco tax structures and rates in Europe 3.10 References Chapter 4. Illicit tobacco trade in Europe 4.1 Definitions 4.2 Public health implications of tobacco tax avoidance and evasion 4.3 Determinants of illicit tobacco trade-a summary of the literature 4.4 Extent of illicit tobacco trade in Europe 4.5 Reference value for calculating tax incidence 4.6 The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the protocol on illicit trade 4.7 Access to data on the extent of illicit trade 4.8 Education about illicit trade 4.9 References Executive summary 3 executive summAry Aim of the project The aim of the project Pricing Policy and Control of Tobacco in Europe (PPACTE) is to develop evidence-based policy recommendations to improve market regulation of tobacco products, for more effective and more equitable control of tobacco use in Europe.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1994

Previous studies have suggested that the endogenous release of inhibitory prostanoids limits the ... more Previous studies have suggested that the endogenous release of inhibitory prostanoids limits the bronchoconstrictor response to repeated exercise. The aim of our study was to determine whether inhaled prostaglandin (PG)E2 attenuates exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or methacholine airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects. Eight subjects with mild stable asthma and exercise bronchoconstriction were studied on 4 separate days, 48 h apart. Subjects inhaled PGE2 or placebo in a randomized, crossover, double-blind fashion, 30 min prior to an exercise challenge or a methacholine challenge. PGE2 inhalation significantly attenuated exercise bronchoconstriction. The mean maximal %fall in FEV1 after exercise was 26% (SEM 3.7%) after placebo, and was 9.7% (SEM 2.7%) after PGE2 (p < 0.001). PGE2 also significantly reduced the duration of exercise bronchoconstriction (p = 0.034). However, PGE2 did not significantly attenuate methacholine airway responsiveness. The geometric mean methacholine provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) was 0.77 (%SEM 1.48) after placebo day, and 1.41 (%SEM 2.20) after PGE2 (p = 0.30). These results demonstrate that inhaled PGE2 markedly attenuates exercise bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects and suggest that this effect is not occurring through functional antagonism of airway smooth muscle.

The results of the initial International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) under... more The results of the initial International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) undertaken in the mid 1990s demonstrated a substantial increase in asthma and wheeze symptoms prevalence in Irish teenagers aged 13−14 years from the 1980s. International research suggests that asthma has increased further in some countries and this study was undertaken to determine whether an upward trend in childhood asthma prevalence has continued in the Republic of Ireland in recent years. We therefore conducted two further national cross sectional studies in the same previously surveyed childhood population throughout the Republic of Ireland, one in 1998 (n=2,580) and the other in 2002−3 (n=3089). We report here on rising prevalence trends of asthma (42.1% relative increase) but falling wheeze (10.4% relative reduction) prevalence in these teenage children in 2002−3.