marcelo augusto - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by marcelo augusto
RENOTE
A disseminação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação no ambienteeducacional aliada à prolif... more A disseminação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação no ambienteeducacional aliada à proliferação de ferramentas de autoria resultou em um aumentoconsiderável da quantidade de material educacional digital produzido. Tal fato fez emergir anecessidade de sistemas de gestão de conteúdo capazes de criar, gerenciar e reaproveitarrecursos de aprendizagem multimídia. Este artigo apresenta e comenta as alternativas atuaispara gerência de conteúdo educacional que apóiem a colaboração: LMS (Sistema de Gestão deAprendizagem), CMS (Sistema de Gestão de Conteúdo) e LCMS (Sistema de Gestão deConteúdo Educacional).
Procceedings of the 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering
Biotechnology advances, Jan 9, 2018
Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of human morbidity and mortality. In the last few ... more Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of human morbidity and mortality. In the last few decades, pathogenic microorganisms' resistance to conventional drugs has been increasing, and it is now pinpointed as a major worldwide health concern. The need to search for new therapeutic options, as well as improved treatment outcomes, has therefore increased significantly, with biologically active peptides representing a new alternative. A substantial research effort is being dedicated towards their development, especially due to improved biocompatibility and target selectivity. However, the inherent limitations of peptide drugs are restricting their application. In this review, we summarize the current status of peptide drug development, focusing on antiviral and antimicrobial peptide activities, highlighting the design improvements needed, and those already being used, to overcome the drawbacks of the therapeutic application of biologically active peptides.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), Jan 15, 2017
A set of lipopeptides was recently reported for their broad-spectrum antiviral activity against v... more A set of lipopeptides was recently reported for their broad-spectrum antiviral activity against viruses belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, including human parainfluenza virus type 3 and Nipah virus. Among them, the peptide with a 24-unit PEG linker connecting it to a cholesterol moiety (VG-PEG24-Chol) was found to be the best membrane fusion inhibitory peptide. Here, we evaluated the interaction of the same set of peptides with biomembrane model systems and isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). VG-PEG24-Chol showed the highest insertion rate and it was among the peptides that induced a larger change on the surface pressure of cholesterol rich membranes. This peptide also displayed a high affinity towards PBMC membranes. These data provide new information about the dynamics of peptide-membrane interactions of a specific group of antiviral peptides, known for their potential as multipotent paramyxovirus antivirals.
Scientific reports, Mar 8, 2017
Human paramyxoviruses include global causes of lower respiratory disease like the parainfluenza v... more Human paramyxoviruses include global causes of lower respiratory disease like the parainfluenza viruses, as well as agents of lethal encephalitis like Nipah virus. Infection is initiated by viral glycoprotein-mediated fusion between viral and host cell membranes. Paramyxovirus viral fusion proteins (F) insert into the target cell membrane, and form a transient intermediate that pulls the viral and cell membranes together as two heptad-repeat regions refold to form a six-helix bundle structure that can be specifically targeted by fusion-inhibitory peptides. Antiviral potency can be improved by sequence modification and lipid conjugation, and by adding linkers between the protein and lipid components. We exploit the uniquely broad spectrum antiviral activity of a parainfluenza F-derived peptide sequence that inhibits both parainfluenza and Nipah viruses, to investigate the influence of peptide orientation and intervening linker length on the peptides' interaction with transitional...
Revista Eletronica De Tecnologia E Cultura, Oct 27, 2014
Neste trabalho é apresentada a estruturação, implantação e avaliação da disciplina de Histologia ... more Neste trabalho é apresentada a estruturação, implantação e avaliação da disciplina de Histologia Básica e Especial na modalidade à distância oferecida aos alunos dependentes dos cursos de graduação do Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto (UNIARARAS). A disciplina foi oferecida para 17 alunos reprovados nas disciplinas presenciais entre o primeiro semestre de 2006 e o segundo semestre de 2008. Os conteúdos, exercícios de interpretação e análise de casos além das avaliações foram organizados hierarquicamente respeitando uma seqüência de atividades de interesse para a formação das competências do graduando da área de ciências biológicas e da saúde. Foi apresentada, ainda, a metodologia empregada para organizar e disponibilizar a disciplina no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) além da estrutura administrativa empregada para apoio ao aluno e a gestão dos conteúdos. Os resultados levantados pela avaliação dos alunos evidenciaram a eficácia do modelo e a compreensão qualitativa e quantitativa dos conteúdos pelos alunos. Por fim, a proposta contribuiu enormemente para a discussão no meio acadêmico interno quanto ao uso de novas estratégias e recursos tecnológicos dentro dos cursos da área da saúde mantidos pela instituição. Palavras-chave: histologia; graduação, área da saúde; educação à distância.
Revista Nupem, Jan 24, 2012
Biophysical Journal, 2016
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2016
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent important self defense molecules in many organi... more Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent important self defense molecules in many organisms, including humans. These peptides have a broad spectrum of activities, killing or neutralizing many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The emergence of multidrug resistant microbes has stimulated research on the development of alternative antibiotics. In the search for new antibiotics, cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) offer a viable alternative to conventional antibiotics, as they physically disrupt the bacterial membranes, leading to lysis of microbial membranes and eventually cell death. In particular, the group of linear α-helical cationic peptides has attracted increasing interest from clinical as well as basic research during the last decade. In this work, we studied the biophysical and microbiological characteristics of three new designed CAMPs. We modified a previously studied CAMP sequence, in order to increase or diminish the hydrophobic face, changing the position of two lysines or replacing three leucines, respectively. These mutations modified the hydrophobic moment of the resulting peptides and allowed us to study the importance of this parameter in the membrane interactions of the peptides. The structural properties of the peptides were also correlated with their membrane-disruptive abilities, antimicrobial activities and hemolysis of human red blood cells.
Projeto Historia Revista Do Programa De Estudos Pos Graduados De Historia E Issn 2176 2767 Issn 0102 4442, 2010
A utilização de modelos de teletráfego que contemplem características tais como autossimilaridade... more A utilização de modelos de teletráfego que contemplem características tais como autossimilaridade e dependência de longa duração tem se mostrado cada vez mais como sendo ponto-chave na correta caracterização do teletráfego Local Area Network (LAN) e Wide Area Network (WAN) [1, 2]. Tal caracterizaçãoé necessária para o monitoramento e controle de teletráfego em redes convergentes [3]. Nesse contexto, a questão da estimação precisa do parâmetro de autossimilaridade, denominado de parâmetro de Hurst, torna-se essencial. Entretanto, estudos comprovam que, além da dependência de longa duração, redes WAN podem, não raramente, apresentar características mistas de dependência de longa e de curta duração [4, 5]. Enquanto vasta literatura científica, tanto teórica como prática, tem abordado com afinco a questão da acurácia de diversos estimadores para o parâmetro de Hurst [6, 7, 8, 9], pouca atenção tem sido dadaà questão da estimação deste parâmetro na presença de dependência de curta duração. O presente trabalho de pesquisa concentrou-se no estudo dos métodos de estimação do parâmetro de Hurst baseados no espectro wavelet, em particular através do método de Abry-Veitch [10]-baseado na transformada Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-e através do espectro obtido através da transformada Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT). Os resultados baseados no método de Abry-Veitch demonstram que, através de um ajuste apropriado dos parâmetros de estimação, tal método permite uma estimação robusta na presença de componentes com dependência de curta duração, mesmo em situações de mudança de regime de tal componente, característica desejável para a estimação em tempo real do parâmetro de Hurst. Entretanto, a dispersão considerável apresentada, em alguns casos, pelas estimativas do método de Abry-Veitch, motivou o estudo da utilização do espectro wavelet obtido via transformada DWPT para realização da estimação do parâmetro de Hurst. Os resultados indicam que a utilização de tal transformada gera um espectro wavelet tal queé possível detectar a presença ou não de componentes com dependência de curta duração. Ao final, os resultados da pesquisa realizada são sumarizados e utilizados em uma proposta de mecanismo de estimação do parâmetro de Hurst em tempo real, na presença simultânea de componentes de dependência de longa e curta duração.
The present work was intended to investigate the feeding of students at school age from four stat... more The present work was intended to investigate the feeding of students at school age from four state and private network schools of the town of Lavras, MG, supposedly contaminated with mycotoxins . The sample universe comprised elementary school 1st and 2 nd grade students amounting to 197 students. The evaluation of the students consumption was performed by utilizing two sorts of dietary inquires: the 24-hour recordatory and the feeding frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In possession of the data concerning the 24-hour recordatory and the FFQ, promoted a selection among the quoted foods, characterizing them as foods with greater potential of risk as regards the contamination with mycotoxins. The descriptive analyses of the population of students at school indicated a population with a good sample distribution as related with sex with 45.2% ( boys) and 54.8% (girls). No relationship between degree of education of the mothers and the feeding standard of the students correspondent to the 1 ...
Resumo. A fabricação de elementos porosos é conseguida utilizando-se uma rota alternativa ao proc... more Resumo. A fabricação de elementos porosos é conseguida utilizando-se uma rota alternativa ao processo de sinterização convencional.Um novo projeto é também apresentado incorporando ranhuras axiais no próprio elemento poroso, com o propósito de reduzir custos de fabricação e melhorar o desempenho de bombas capilares. Neste trabalho são apresentados resultados relativos à análise de imagens, porosidade, distorção geométrica e dilatometria de elementos porosos de parede lisa, produzidos com pó de níquel sinterizado NP 123. Esta rota alternativa, que consiste em oxidar o pó de níquel antes da sinterização, proporciona uma redução na temperatura de sinterização de até 300°C. (single space line, size 10) Palavras chave. Bombas Capilares, Estruturas Porosas, Metalurgia do Pó. (single space line, size 10) 1. Introdução (Times New Roman, Bold, size 10) (single space line, size 10) Bombas capilares são dispositivos utilizados para promover a circulação de fluido térmico no interior de circuit...
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2015
Heat processing is the most commonly used hurdle for inactivating microorganisms in fruit juices.... more Heat processing is the most commonly used hurdle for inactivating microorganisms in fruit juices. However, this preservation method could interfere with the organoleptic characteristics of the product. Alternative methods have been proposed and bacteriocins such as nisin are potential candidates. However, the approval of bacteriocins as food additives is limited, especially in foods from vegetal origin. We aimed to verify the stability, the effect on physico-chemical properties, and the antimicrobial activity of nisin in different fruit juices. Nisin remained stable in fruit juices (cashew, soursop, peach, mango, passion fruit, orange, guava, and cupuassu) for at least 30days at room or refrigerated temperature and did not cause any significant alterations in the physico-chemical characteristics of the juices. Besides, nisin favored the preservation of vitamin C content in juices. The antimicrobial activity of nisin was tested against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in cashew, soursop, peach, and mango juices. Nisin caused a 4-log reduction in viable cells of A. acidoterrestris in soursop, peach, and mango juices after 8h of incubation, and no viable cells were detected in cashew juices. After 24h of incubation in the presence of nisin, no viable cells were detected, independently of the juices. To S. aureus, at 24h of incubation in the presence of nisin, viable cells were only detected in mango juices, representing a 4-log decrease as compared with the control treatment. The number of viable cells of B. cereus at 24h of incubation in the presence of nisin represented at least a 4-log decrease compared to the control treatment. When the antimicrobial activity of nisin was tested against L. monocytogenes in cashew and soursop juices, no reduction in the viable cell number was observed compared to the control treatment after 24h of incubation. Viable cells were four and six times less than in the control treatment, in peach and mango juices respectively. The most sensitive microorganism to nisin was A. acidoterrestris and the least sensitive was L. monocytogenes. Still, a reduction of up to 90% of viable cells was observed in peach and mango juices inoculated with L. monocytogenes. These results indicate that the use of nisin could be an alternative in fruit juice processing.
RENOTE
A disseminação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação no ambienteeducacional aliada à prolif... more A disseminação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação no ambienteeducacional aliada à proliferação de ferramentas de autoria resultou em um aumentoconsiderável da quantidade de material educacional digital produzido. Tal fato fez emergir anecessidade de sistemas de gestão de conteúdo capazes de criar, gerenciar e reaproveitarrecursos de aprendizagem multimídia. Este artigo apresenta e comenta as alternativas atuaispara gerência de conteúdo educacional que apóiem a colaboração: LMS (Sistema de Gestão deAprendizagem), CMS (Sistema de Gestão de Conteúdo) e LCMS (Sistema de Gestão deConteúdo Educacional).
Procceedings of the 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering
Biotechnology advances, Jan 9, 2018
Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of human morbidity and mortality. In the last few ... more Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of human morbidity and mortality. In the last few decades, pathogenic microorganisms' resistance to conventional drugs has been increasing, and it is now pinpointed as a major worldwide health concern. The need to search for new therapeutic options, as well as improved treatment outcomes, has therefore increased significantly, with biologically active peptides representing a new alternative. A substantial research effort is being dedicated towards their development, especially due to improved biocompatibility and target selectivity. However, the inherent limitations of peptide drugs are restricting their application. In this review, we summarize the current status of peptide drug development, focusing on antiviral and antimicrobial peptide activities, highlighting the design improvements needed, and those already being used, to overcome the drawbacks of the therapeutic application of biologically active peptides.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), Jan 15, 2017
A set of lipopeptides was recently reported for their broad-spectrum antiviral activity against v... more A set of lipopeptides was recently reported for their broad-spectrum antiviral activity against viruses belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, including human parainfluenza virus type 3 and Nipah virus. Among them, the peptide with a 24-unit PEG linker connecting it to a cholesterol moiety (VG-PEG24-Chol) was found to be the best membrane fusion inhibitory peptide. Here, we evaluated the interaction of the same set of peptides with biomembrane model systems and isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). VG-PEG24-Chol showed the highest insertion rate and it was among the peptides that induced a larger change on the surface pressure of cholesterol rich membranes. This peptide also displayed a high affinity towards PBMC membranes. These data provide new information about the dynamics of peptide-membrane interactions of a specific group of antiviral peptides, known for their potential as multipotent paramyxovirus antivirals.
Scientific reports, Mar 8, 2017
Human paramyxoviruses include global causes of lower respiratory disease like the parainfluenza v... more Human paramyxoviruses include global causes of lower respiratory disease like the parainfluenza viruses, as well as agents of lethal encephalitis like Nipah virus. Infection is initiated by viral glycoprotein-mediated fusion between viral and host cell membranes. Paramyxovirus viral fusion proteins (F) insert into the target cell membrane, and form a transient intermediate that pulls the viral and cell membranes together as two heptad-repeat regions refold to form a six-helix bundle structure that can be specifically targeted by fusion-inhibitory peptides. Antiviral potency can be improved by sequence modification and lipid conjugation, and by adding linkers between the protein and lipid components. We exploit the uniquely broad spectrum antiviral activity of a parainfluenza F-derived peptide sequence that inhibits both parainfluenza and Nipah viruses, to investigate the influence of peptide orientation and intervening linker length on the peptides' interaction with transitional...
Revista Eletronica De Tecnologia E Cultura, Oct 27, 2014
Neste trabalho é apresentada a estruturação, implantação e avaliação da disciplina de Histologia ... more Neste trabalho é apresentada a estruturação, implantação e avaliação da disciplina de Histologia Básica e Especial na modalidade à distância oferecida aos alunos dependentes dos cursos de graduação do Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto (UNIARARAS). A disciplina foi oferecida para 17 alunos reprovados nas disciplinas presenciais entre o primeiro semestre de 2006 e o segundo semestre de 2008. Os conteúdos, exercícios de interpretação e análise de casos além das avaliações foram organizados hierarquicamente respeitando uma seqüência de atividades de interesse para a formação das competências do graduando da área de ciências biológicas e da saúde. Foi apresentada, ainda, a metodologia empregada para organizar e disponibilizar a disciplina no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) além da estrutura administrativa empregada para apoio ao aluno e a gestão dos conteúdos. Os resultados levantados pela avaliação dos alunos evidenciaram a eficácia do modelo e a compreensão qualitativa e quantitativa dos conteúdos pelos alunos. Por fim, a proposta contribuiu enormemente para a discussão no meio acadêmico interno quanto ao uso de novas estratégias e recursos tecnológicos dentro dos cursos da área da saúde mantidos pela instituição. Palavras-chave: histologia; graduação, área da saúde; educação à distância.
Revista Nupem, Jan 24, 2012
Biophysical Journal, 2016
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2016
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent important self defense molecules in many organi... more Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent important self defense molecules in many organisms, including humans. These peptides have a broad spectrum of activities, killing or neutralizing many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The emergence of multidrug resistant microbes has stimulated research on the development of alternative antibiotics. In the search for new antibiotics, cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) offer a viable alternative to conventional antibiotics, as they physically disrupt the bacterial membranes, leading to lysis of microbial membranes and eventually cell death. In particular, the group of linear α-helical cationic peptides has attracted increasing interest from clinical as well as basic research during the last decade. In this work, we studied the biophysical and microbiological characteristics of three new designed CAMPs. We modified a previously studied CAMP sequence, in order to increase or diminish the hydrophobic face, changing the position of two lysines or replacing three leucines, respectively. These mutations modified the hydrophobic moment of the resulting peptides and allowed us to study the importance of this parameter in the membrane interactions of the peptides. The structural properties of the peptides were also correlated with their membrane-disruptive abilities, antimicrobial activities and hemolysis of human red blood cells.
Projeto Historia Revista Do Programa De Estudos Pos Graduados De Historia E Issn 2176 2767 Issn 0102 4442, 2010
A utilização de modelos de teletráfego que contemplem características tais como autossimilaridade... more A utilização de modelos de teletráfego que contemplem características tais como autossimilaridade e dependência de longa duração tem se mostrado cada vez mais como sendo ponto-chave na correta caracterização do teletráfego Local Area Network (LAN) e Wide Area Network (WAN) [1, 2]. Tal caracterizaçãoé necessária para o monitoramento e controle de teletráfego em redes convergentes [3]. Nesse contexto, a questão da estimação precisa do parâmetro de autossimilaridade, denominado de parâmetro de Hurst, torna-se essencial. Entretanto, estudos comprovam que, além da dependência de longa duração, redes WAN podem, não raramente, apresentar características mistas de dependência de longa e de curta duração [4, 5]. Enquanto vasta literatura científica, tanto teórica como prática, tem abordado com afinco a questão da acurácia de diversos estimadores para o parâmetro de Hurst [6, 7, 8, 9], pouca atenção tem sido dadaà questão da estimação deste parâmetro na presença de dependência de curta duração. O presente trabalho de pesquisa concentrou-se no estudo dos métodos de estimação do parâmetro de Hurst baseados no espectro wavelet, em particular através do método de Abry-Veitch [10]-baseado na transformada Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-e através do espectro obtido através da transformada Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT). Os resultados baseados no método de Abry-Veitch demonstram que, através de um ajuste apropriado dos parâmetros de estimação, tal método permite uma estimação robusta na presença de componentes com dependência de curta duração, mesmo em situações de mudança de regime de tal componente, característica desejável para a estimação em tempo real do parâmetro de Hurst. Entretanto, a dispersão considerável apresentada, em alguns casos, pelas estimativas do método de Abry-Veitch, motivou o estudo da utilização do espectro wavelet obtido via transformada DWPT para realização da estimação do parâmetro de Hurst. Os resultados indicam que a utilização de tal transformada gera um espectro wavelet tal queé possível detectar a presença ou não de componentes com dependência de curta duração. Ao final, os resultados da pesquisa realizada são sumarizados e utilizados em uma proposta de mecanismo de estimação do parâmetro de Hurst em tempo real, na presença simultânea de componentes de dependência de longa e curta duração.
The present work was intended to investigate the feeding of students at school age from four stat... more The present work was intended to investigate the feeding of students at school age from four state and private network schools of the town of Lavras, MG, supposedly contaminated with mycotoxins . The sample universe comprised elementary school 1st and 2 nd grade students amounting to 197 students. The evaluation of the students consumption was performed by utilizing two sorts of dietary inquires: the 24-hour recordatory and the feeding frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In possession of the data concerning the 24-hour recordatory and the FFQ, promoted a selection among the quoted foods, characterizing them as foods with greater potential of risk as regards the contamination with mycotoxins. The descriptive analyses of the population of students at school indicated a population with a good sample distribution as related with sex with 45.2% ( boys) and 54.8% (girls). No relationship between degree of education of the mothers and the feeding standard of the students correspondent to the 1 ...
Resumo. A fabricação de elementos porosos é conseguida utilizando-se uma rota alternativa ao proc... more Resumo. A fabricação de elementos porosos é conseguida utilizando-se uma rota alternativa ao processo de sinterização convencional.Um novo projeto é também apresentado incorporando ranhuras axiais no próprio elemento poroso, com o propósito de reduzir custos de fabricação e melhorar o desempenho de bombas capilares. Neste trabalho são apresentados resultados relativos à análise de imagens, porosidade, distorção geométrica e dilatometria de elementos porosos de parede lisa, produzidos com pó de níquel sinterizado NP 123. Esta rota alternativa, que consiste em oxidar o pó de níquel antes da sinterização, proporciona uma redução na temperatura de sinterização de até 300°C. (single space line, size 10) Palavras chave. Bombas Capilares, Estruturas Porosas, Metalurgia do Pó. (single space line, size 10) 1. Introdução (Times New Roman, Bold, size 10) (single space line, size 10) Bombas capilares são dispositivos utilizados para promover a circulação de fluido térmico no interior de circuit...
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2015
Heat processing is the most commonly used hurdle for inactivating microorganisms in fruit juices.... more Heat processing is the most commonly used hurdle for inactivating microorganisms in fruit juices. However, this preservation method could interfere with the organoleptic characteristics of the product. Alternative methods have been proposed and bacteriocins such as nisin are potential candidates. However, the approval of bacteriocins as food additives is limited, especially in foods from vegetal origin. We aimed to verify the stability, the effect on physico-chemical properties, and the antimicrobial activity of nisin in different fruit juices. Nisin remained stable in fruit juices (cashew, soursop, peach, mango, passion fruit, orange, guava, and cupuassu) for at least 30days at room or refrigerated temperature and did not cause any significant alterations in the physico-chemical characteristics of the juices. Besides, nisin favored the preservation of vitamin C content in juices. The antimicrobial activity of nisin was tested against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in cashew, soursop, peach, and mango juices. Nisin caused a 4-log reduction in viable cells of A. acidoterrestris in soursop, peach, and mango juices after 8h of incubation, and no viable cells were detected in cashew juices. After 24h of incubation in the presence of nisin, no viable cells were detected, independently of the juices. To S. aureus, at 24h of incubation in the presence of nisin, viable cells were only detected in mango juices, representing a 4-log decrease as compared with the control treatment. The number of viable cells of B. cereus at 24h of incubation in the presence of nisin represented at least a 4-log decrease compared to the control treatment. When the antimicrobial activity of nisin was tested against L. monocytogenes in cashew and soursop juices, no reduction in the viable cell number was observed compared to the control treatment after 24h of incubation. Viable cells were four and six times less than in the control treatment, in peach and mango juices respectively. The most sensitive microorganism to nisin was A. acidoterrestris and the least sensitive was L. monocytogenes. Still, a reduction of up to 90% of viable cells was observed in peach and mango juices inoculated with L. monocytogenes. These results indicate that the use of nisin could be an alternative in fruit juice processing.