marcos Soto-Hernández - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by marcos Soto-Hernández
Existen alrededor de 5000 a 7000 especies de plantas en México en estados evolutivos tempranos e ... more Existen alrededor de 5000 a 7000 especies de plantas en México en estados evolutivos tempranos e intermedios hasta llegar a los domesticados y un ejemplo es el capulín (Prunus serotina Ehrh ssp. capuli (Cav.) Mc Vaugh) clasificado como domesticado, pero sin estudios sobre los mecanismos de selección e intervención que lo llevaron a este grado de manejo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir aspectos etnobotánicos relacionados con el uso, reconocimiento de la variación y el manejo, para evaluar el efecto de estos procesos sobre el capulín. Este estudio se realizó en cuatro comunidades del estado de Tlaxcala, México, donde está documentado el uso de capulín para el consumo de la semilla. La información de campo se obtuvo a través de entrevistas abiertas, cerradas y observación participativa en 1998, 1999 y 2006-2007; además se midió la variación en 32 caracteres morfológicos, de peso y contenido de glucósidos cianogénicos en la semilla. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANDEVA, componentes principales y funciones discriminantes. Los resultados muestran: 1) los usos del capulín son principalmente el consumo de la semilla y la integración del frutal en los sistemas agrícolas como los "metepantles", huertos familiares y parcelas de temporal; 2) aspectos culturales asociados al reconocimiento de la variación en la semilla, árbol y el fruto, así como la descripción de las diversas formas de manejo como el cultivo, el fomento AbstRAct which facilitates the extraction of the edible embryo and a non-significant decrease in cyanogenic glycosides. Finally, the process of domestication was evidenced in its importance for the communities and their organization for exploitation of capulín in that region.
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas
La nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotsch) crece de manera silvestre en los bosques ... more La nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotsch) crece de manera silvestre en los bosques tropicales mexicanos en forma arbustiva y con brácteas rojas llamativas y con menor frecuencia presenta brácteas blancas. El uso principal de la nochebuena nativa es el ornamental, poco se ha estudiado acerca de las propiedades nutrimentales o nutracéuticas de la planta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil de flavonoides y ácidos fenólicos presentes en los extractos metanólico-acuosos en brácteas de cinco variedades de nochebuena de sol para conocer sus propiedades nutrimentales y promover su consumo. Se utilizaron brácteas secas (0.5 g por muestra). La extracción de los compuestos se hizo a partir de una solución de metanol/agua (80:20 v/v). Se llevó a cabo un perfil de ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución (CLAR) acoplado a un detector de arreglo de diodos. Los ácidos gálico y siringico fueron los que presentaron las conce...
Acta Horticulturae, 2016
Tender cactus pads (cladodes) or nopalitos (Opuntia ficus-indica) are an important vegetable in M... more Tender cactus pads (cladodes) or nopalitos (Opuntia ficus-indica) are an important vegetable in Mexico. They are often pre-trimmed, cut and packaged, and while usually consumed cooked, they may also be eaten raw in salads. Salmonella is an enteropathogenic bacterium that can adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Although it has been reported that Salmonella-infected plants are asymptomatic, wilting, yellowing, biomass loss and a hypersensitive response (HR) have been demonstrated in plant tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate plant tissue response to different strains of Salmonella enterica in two cultivars of cactus as well as the persistence of Salmonella strains in the tissue. The top of pads (20-25 cm) of greenhouse-grown (20°C, 51.2% RH) 'Milpa Alta' and 'Atlixco' cultivars were inoculated with water (control) or 1 mL 8.0 log CFU of strains Salmonella typhimurium (N4), Salmonella javiana (N7) isolated from nopalitos, and laboratory strain S. typhimurium ATCC 23564 (Sal 4). Cladodes (n=20) from each cactus cultivar were sampled and evaluated every 24 h for 4 days starting 6 h after inoculation for visual symptoms, color change and Salmonella persistence in the tissue. Data were subjected to analysis of variance with mean separation by T test (α=0.05). Color and appearance changed in longitudinal sections of pads of both cultivars only in the area where the bacteria were infiltrated and this could be considered to be a hypersensitive response. All three Salmonella strains persisted 48 h or longer.
Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 2005
Agrociencia
Based on the structure of the morphological diversity of pepper Capsicum annuum populations from ... more Based on the structure of the morphological diversity of pepper Capsicum annuum populations from the east-central region of Yucatán, the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin with high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was assessed in 19 populations of nine morpho-types belonging to C. annuum L., known as Xcat ik (3), Sukurre (1), Ya’x ik (4), Dulce (5), Picopaloma (1) and Chowak (2); the type Ma’x ik (1) of C. annuum var. aviculare (Dierb.); and Habanero (1) of the species C. chinense Jacq.; and one population of C. annuum L. named Bobo. The amount (μg g−1) of both compounds varied among and within populations as follows: 42.42 of capsaicin and 58.85 of dihydrocapsaicin in Dulce; 204.72 and 372.24 in Bobo; 748.43 and 831.3 in Xcat ik; 1415.02 and 1317.43 in Chowak; 1777.61 and 1810.94 in Ya’x ik; 2438.86 and 1621.23 in Habanero; 2456.42 and 1928.00 in Picopaloma; 3584.27 and 1707.35 in Ma’x ik; 2930.54 and 4355.55 in Sukurre. The hottest morphotypes were Ma’x ik and Sukur...
Planta Medica, 1994
The alkaloids present in the seeds of seven ERYTHRINA species, E. FUSCA Lour, E. COSTARICENCIS M.... more The alkaloids present in the seeds of seven ERYTHRINA species, E. FUSCA Lour, E. COSTARICENCIS M. Micheli, E. LEPTORHIZA A. DC., E. SPECIOSA Andrews, E. VARIEGATA L., E.MELANACANTHA Taubert ex Harms, and E. BERTEROANA Urban, have been screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The novel alkaloid erythrartine N-oxide has been isolated from E. BERTEROANA and characterized as an N-oxide of theknown alkaloid, erythrartine.
Phytochemical Analysis, 1993
The alkaloids present in the leaves of Erythrina berteroana and E. poeppigiana have been screened... more The alkaloids present in the leaves of Erythrina berteroana and E. poeppigiana have been screened by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Samples of milk from goats which had been fed with leaves of these plants have also been analysed. Traces of β‐erythroidine were detected in the milk and this raised the question of whether it was suitable for human consumption.
Phytochemical Analysis, 2005
ABSTRACT A sensitive, reverse-phase HPLC-MS method for the analysis of the alkaloids of Erythrina... more ABSTRACT A sensitive, reverse-phase HPLC-MS method for the analysis of the alkaloids of Erythrina has been developed. The method is based on the use small amounts of crude extracts (20 mg) and is sufficiently sensitive to detect the presence of the typical alkaloids, such as erysodine, erysovine, erythraline, erysopine and the hexoside of erysopine, that are representative of the title species.
Molecules, Oct 12, 2020
In addition to their own antioxidants, human cells feed on external antioxidants, such as the phe... more In addition to their own antioxidants, human cells feed on external antioxidants, such as the phenolic compounds of fruits and vegetables, which work together to keep oxidative stress in check. Sechium edule, an edible species of chayote, has phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and antineoplastic activity. A Sechium hybrid shows one thousand times greater antineoplastic activity than edible species, but its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and the content of phenolic compounds are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the extract of fruits of the Sechium hybrid in vitro and in vivo. Phytochemical analysis using HPLC showed that the extract of the Sechium hybrid has at least 16 phenolic compounds; galangin, naringenin, phloretin and chlorogenic acid are the most abundant. In an in vitro assay, this extract inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-L-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and protected the dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) phospholipid model cell membrane from oxidation mediated by hypochlorous acid (HClO). In vivo, it was identified that the most abundant metabolites in the extract enter the bloodstream of the treated mice. On the other hand, the extract reduces the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but increases interleukin-10 (IL-10) and glutathione peroxidase levels. Our findings indicate that intake of the fruits of the Sechium hybrid leads to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model. Therefore, these results support the possibility of exploring the clinical effect of this hybrid in humans.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Jun 1, 2023
Context: Lippia species (Verbenaceae) are widely used in Latin America and Africa as folk medicin... more Context: Lippia species (Verbenaceae) are widely used in Latin America and Africa as folk medicine for their tranquilizing properties. Objective: To evaluate the anxiolytic-like effects and safety of Lippia graveolens Kunth. by exploring its aqueous and organic leaf extracts and identifying the responsible chemical constituents. Material and methods: Aqueous and organic extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were pharmacologically evaluated at several doses. Chemical constituents were identified using MS, NMR and GC-MS analysis. The isolated compounds (3 mg/kg, i.p.), extracts (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.), and the reference drug diazepam (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) were assessed in CD-1 mice using experimental behavioural models: open-field, cylinder, hole-board, plus-maze and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, as well as their acute toxicity (LD 50). Results: After administration of the extracts and bioactive compounds, a significant anxiolytic-like response from 1 mg/kg, i.p. was observed, resembling the effect of diazepam. Major presence of thymol (33.40%) was observed in the hexane extract; whereas for the first time in this species a p-cymene þ thymol mixture (9.78%), naringenin (0.18%) and cirsimaritin (1.16%) were obtained as bioactive constituents of the ethyl acetate crude extract. Acute toxicity was calculated to be LD 50 ¼ 1000 mg/kg for the crude hexane extract, lower in comparison to the other extracts analyzed (LD 50 > 2000 mg/kg). Discussion and conclusion: Our results suggest that L. graveolens exerts anxiolytic-like activity involving many kinds of constituents, mainly of the terpenoid and flavonoid nature. These results reinforce the potential use of this species in the therapy of anxiety.
En México el fruto de ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) normalmente se comercializa agrietado en ... more En México el fruto de ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) normalmente se comercializa agrietado en la base del pedúnculo y sin éste. En consecuencia tiene corta vida de anaquel y es más susceptible a las pudriciones. En este trabajo se evaluaron los cambios bioquímicos, biofísicos y fisiológicos durante el desarrollo del fruto de ilama con pulpa blanca y rosa, con el objetivo de conocer su patrón de crecimiento y maduración en la planta. Se etiquetaron flores abiertas de 30 árboles (15 de pulpa blanca y 15 de pulpa rosa) ubicados en el poblado de San Lorenzo, Municipio de Ajuchitlán, Guerrero, México. Se realizaron muestreos en diferentes etapas de crecimiento de los frutos, evaluándose en cada uno de ellos el peso total del fruto, proporción de pulpa y cáscara, intensidad respiratoria, producción de etileno, azúcares totales y reductores, sólidos solubles totales (°Bx) y contenido de vitamina C. Ambos tipos de fruto (pulpa blanca y rosa) presentaron un patrón de crecimiento doble sigmoide con un periodo total de desarrollo de 99 d después de la floración (DDF). La fase lenta de crecimiento del fruto coincidió con una disminución en la intensidad respiratoria, la producción de etileno se detectó sólo hasta 99 d después de la floración, que coincidió con la máxima acumulación de azúcares totales, reductores y °Bx. Sin embargo en el fruto de ambos tipos se inició un aumento significativo en el contenido de azúcares totales, reductores y °Bx a partir de los 85 DDF, lo que indica el inicio del proceso de maduración. Palabras clave: Annona diversifolia Saff., intensidad respiratoria, peso del fruto, producción de etileno, sólidos solubles, vitamina C. INTRODUCCIÓN L a ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) es una especie del género Annona con alto potencial para su cultivo, debido al excelente sabor y CAMBIOS BIOQUÍMICOS, BIOFÍSICOS Y FISIOLÓGICOS DURANTE EL CRECIMIENTO Y MADURACIÓN DEL FRUTO DE ILAMA (Annona diversifolia Saff.) BIOCHEMICAL, BIOPHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING THE GROWTH AND MATURATION OF ILAMA FRUIT (Annona diversifolia Saff.
Planta Medica, Dec 1, 2019
Nutrition and Cancer, Jan 22, 2015
Journal of Tropical Forest Science, Oct 1, 2018
The Mexican yew (Taxus globosa) is important for the production of taxol, which is used to treat ... more The Mexican yew (Taxus globosa) is important for the production of taxol, which is used to treat several types of cancer and its seeds undergo a latent period. The objectives of this research were to study the causes of seed dormancy in this species, the types of dormancy mechanisms it undergoes and how to break such dormancy. Seeds from two regions of Mexico (northern and central region) were evaluated using 12 pre-germination treatments. The treatments consisted of warm and cold stratification, applying 500 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA 4/7) at different intervals, or using alternative seed scarification methods. In addition, embryo growth was studied and a protocol for in vitro embryo culture was also tested. Seeds from the central region did not germinate, probably because of inbreeding depression in seeds that came from small fragmented populations. In contrast, seeds from the northern region of Mexico subjected to warm plus cold stratification, warm plus cold stratification plus GA 4/7 application, and warm stratification plus stratification with N2 plus GA 4/7 application exhibited the highest germination rates (12-14 %). In vitro embryo culture indicated that only 30% of the embryos germinated. Thus, dormancy in the Mexican Yew seems to be caused by several factors, including both morphological and physiological factors.
Existen alrededor de 5000 a 7000 especies de plantas en México en estados evolutivos tempranos e ... more Existen alrededor de 5000 a 7000 especies de plantas en México en estados evolutivos tempranos e intermedios hasta llegar a los domesticados y un ejemplo es el capulín (Prunus serotina Ehrh ssp. capuli (Cav.) Mc Vaugh) clasificado como domesticado, pero sin estudios sobre los mecanismos de selección e intervención que lo llevaron a este grado de manejo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir aspectos etnobotánicos relacionados con el uso, reconocimiento de la variación y el manejo, para evaluar el efecto de estos procesos sobre el capulín. Este estudio se realizó en cuatro comunidades del estado de Tlaxcala, México, donde está documentado el uso de capulín para el consumo de la semilla. La información de campo se obtuvo a través de entrevistas abiertas, cerradas y observación participativa en 1998, 1999 y 2006-2007; además se midió la variación en 32 caracteres morfológicos, de peso y contenido de glucósidos cianogénicos en la semilla. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANDEVA, componentes principales y funciones discriminantes. Los resultados muestran: 1) los usos del capulín son principalmente el consumo de la semilla y la integración del frutal en los sistemas agrícolas como los "metepantles", huertos familiares y parcelas de temporal; 2) aspectos culturales asociados al reconocimiento de la variación en la semilla, árbol y el fruto, así como la descripción de las diversas formas de manejo como el cultivo, el fomento AbstRAct which facilitates the extraction of the edible embryo and a non-significant decrease in cyanogenic glycosides. Finally, the process of domestication was evidenced in its importance for the communities and their organization for exploitation of capulín in that region.
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas
La nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotsch) crece de manera silvestre en los bosques ... more La nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotsch) crece de manera silvestre en los bosques tropicales mexicanos en forma arbustiva y con brácteas rojas llamativas y con menor frecuencia presenta brácteas blancas. El uso principal de la nochebuena nativa es el ornamental, poco se ha estudiado acerca de las propiedades nutrimentales o nutracéuticas de la planta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil de flavonoides y ácidos fenólicos presentes en los extractos metanólico-acuosos en brácteas de cinco variedades de nochebuena de sol para conocer sus propiedades nutrimentales y promover su consumo. Se utilizaron brácteas secas (0.5 g por muestra). La extracción de los compuestos se hizo a partir de una solución de metanol/agua (80:20 v/v). Se llevó a cabo un perfil de ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución (CLAR) acoplado a un detector de arreglo de diodos. Los ácidos gálico y siringico fueron los que presentaron las conce...
Acta Horticulturae, 2016
Tender cactus pads (cladodes) or nopalitos (Opuntia ficus-indica) are an important vegetable in M... more Tender cactus pads (cladodes) or nopalitos (Opuntia ficus-indica) are an important vegetable in Mexico. They are often pre-trimmed, cut and packaged, and while usually consumed cooked, they may also be eaten raw in salads. Salmonella is an enteropathogenic bacterium that can adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Although it has been reported that Salmonella-infected plants are asymptomatic, wilting, yellowing, biomass loss and a hypersensitive response (HR) have been demonstrated in plant tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate plant tissue response to different strains of Salmonella enterica in two cultivars of cactus as well as the persistence of Salmonella strains in the tissue. The top of pads (20-25 cm) of greenhouse-grown (20°C, 51.2% RH) 'Milpa Alta' and 'Atlixco' cultivars were inoculated with water (control) or 1 mL 8.0 log CFU of strains Salmonella typhimurium (N4), Salmonella javiana (N7) isolated from nopalitos, and laboratory strain S. typhimurium ATCC 23564 (Sal 4). Cladodes (n=20) from each cactus cultivar were sampled and evaluated every 24 h for 4 days starting 6 h after inoculation for visual symptoms, color change and Salmonella persistence in the tissue. Data were subjected to analysis of variance with mean separation by T test (α=0.05). Color and appearance changed in longitudinal sections of pads of both cultivars only in the area where the bacteria were infiltrated and this could be considered to be a hypersensitive response. All three Salmonella strains persisted 48 h or longer.
Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 2005
Agrociencia
Based on the structure of the morphological diversity of pepper Capsicum annuum populations from ... more Based on the structure of the morphological diversity of pepper Capsicum annuum populations from the east-central region of Yucatán, the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin with high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was assessed in 19 populations of nine morpho-types belonging to C. annuum L., known as Xcat ik (3), Sukurre (1), Ya’x ik (4), Dulce (5), Picopaloma (1) and Chowak (2); the type Ma’x ik (1) of C. annuum var. aviculare (Dierb.); and Habanero (1) of the species C. chinense Jacq.; and one population of C. annuum L. named Bobo. The amount (μg g−1) of both compounds varied among and within populations as follows: 42.42 of capsaicin and 58.85 of dihydrocapsaicin in Dulce; 204.72 and 372.24 in Bobo; 748.43 and 831.3 in Xcat ik; 1415.02 and 1317.43 in Chowak; 1777.61 and 1810.94 in Ya’x ik; 2438.86 and 1621.23 in Habanero; 2456.42 and 1928.00 in Picopaloma; 3584.27 and 1707.35 in Ma’x ik; 2930.54 and 4355.55 in Sukurre. The hottest morphotypes were Ma’x ik and Sukur...
Planta Medica, 1994
The alkaloids present in the seeds of seven ERYTHRINA species, E. FUSCA Lour, E. COSTARICENCIS M.... more The alkaloids present in the seeds of seven ERYTHRINA species, E. FUSCA Lour, E. COSTARICENCIS M. Micheli, E. LEPTORHIZA A. DC., E. SPECIOSA Andrews, E. VARIEGATA L., E.MELANACANTHA Taubert ex Harms, and E. BERTEROANA Urban, have been screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The novel alkaloid erythrartine N-oxide has been isolated from E. BERTEROANA and characterized as an N-oxide of theknown alkaloid, erythrartine.
Phytochemical Analysis, 1993
The alkaloids present in the leaves of Erythrina berteroana and E. poeppigiana have been screened... more The alkaloids present in the leaves of Erythrina berteroana and E. poeppigiana have been screened by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Samples of milk from goats which had been fed with leaves of these plants have also been analysed. Traces of β‐erythroidine were detected in the milk and this raised the question of whether it was suitable for human consumption.
Phytochemical Analysis, 2005
ABSTRACT A sensitive, reverse-phase HPLC-MS method for the analysis of the alkaloids of Erythrina... more ABSTRACT A sensitive, reverse-phase HPLC-MS method for the analysis of the alkaloids of Erythrina has been developed. The method is based on the use small amounts of crude extracts (20 mg) and is sufficiently sensitive to detect the presence of the typical alkaloids, such as erysodine, erysovine, erythraline, erysopine and the hexoside of erysopine, that are representative of the title species.
Molecules, Oct 12, 2020
In addition to their own antioxidants, human cells feed on external antioxidants, such as the phe... more In addition to their own antioxidants, human cells feed on external antioxidants, such as the phenolic compounds of fruits and vegetables, which work together to keep oxidative stress in check. Sechium edule, an edible species of chayote, has phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and antineoplastic activity. A Sechium hybrid shows one thousand times greater antineoplastic activity than edible species, but its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and the content of phenolic compounds are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the extract of fruits of the Sechium hybrid in vitro and in vivo. Phytochemical analysis using HPLC showed that the extract of the Sechium hybrid has at least 16 phenolic compounds; galangin, naringenin, phloretin and chlorogenic acid are the most abundant. In an in vitro assay, this extract inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-L-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and protected the dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) phospholipid model cell membrane from oxidation mediated by hypochlorous acid (HClO). In vivo, it was identified that the most abundant metabolites in the extract enter the bloodstream of the treated mice. On the other hand, the extract reduces the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but increases interleukin-10 (IL-10) and glutathione peroxidase levels. Our findings indicate that intake of the fruits of the Sechium hybrid leads to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model. Therefore, these results support the possibility of exploring the clinical effect of this hybrid in humans.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Jun 1, 2023
Context: Lippia species (Verbenaceae) are widely used in Latin America and Africa as folk medicin... more Context: Lippia species (Verbenaceae) are widely used in Latin America and Africa as folk medicine for their tranquilizing properties. Objective: To evaluate the anxiolytic-like effects and safety of Lippia graveolens Kunth. by exploring its aqueous and organic leaf extracts and identifying the responsible chemical constituents. Material and methods: Aqueous and organic extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were pharmacologically evaluated at several doses. Chemical constituents were identified using MS, NMR and GC-MS analysis. The isolated compounds (3 mg/kg, i.p.), extracts (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.), and the reference drug diazepam (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) were assessed in CD-1 mice using experimental behavioural models: open-field, cylinder, hole-board, plus-maze and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, as well as their acute toxicity (LD 50). Results: After administration of the extracts and bioactive compounds, a significant anxiolytic-like response from 1 mg/kg, i.p. was observed, resembling the effect of diazepam. Major presence of thymol (33.40%) was observed in the hexane extract; whereas for the first time in this species a p-cymene þ thymol mixture (9.78%), naringenin (0.18%) and cirsimaritin (1.16%) were obtained as bioactive constituents of the ethyl acetate crude extract. Acute toxicity was calculated to be LD 50 ¼ 1000 mg/kg for the crude hexane extract, lower in comparison to the other extracts analyzed (LD 50 > 2000 mg/kg). Discussion and conclusion: Our results suggest that L. graveolens exerts anxiolytic-like activity involving many kinds of constituents, mainly of the terpenoid and flavonoid nature. These results reinforce the potential use of this species in the therapy of anxiety.
En México el fruto de ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) normalmente se comercializa agrietado en ... more En México el fruto de ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) normalmente se comercializa agrietado en la base del pedúnculo y sin éste. En consecuencia tiene corta vida de anaquel y es más susceptible a las pudriciones. En este trabajo se evaluaron los cambios bioquímicos, biofísicos y fisiológicos durante el desarrollo del fruto de ilama con pulpa blanca y rosa, con el objetivo de conocer su patrón de crecimiento y maduración en la planta. Se etiquetaron flores abiertas de 30 árboles (15 de pulpa blanca y 15 de pulpa rosa) ubicados en el poblado de San Lorenzo, Municipio de Ajuchitlán, Guerrero, México. Se realizaron muestreos en diferentes etapas de crecimiento de los frutos, evaluándose en cada uno de ellos el peso total del fruto, proporción de pulpa y cáscara, intensidad respiratoria, producción de etileno, azúcares totales y reductores, sólidos solubles totales (°Bx) y contenido de vitamina C. Ambos tipos de fruto (pulpa blanca y rosa) presentaron un patrón de crecimiento doble sigmoide con un periodo total de desarrollo de 99 d después de la floración (DDF). La fase lenta de crecimiento del fruto coincidió con una disminución en la intensidad respiratoria, la producción de etileno se detectó sólo hasta 99 d después de la floración, que coincidió con la máxima acumulación de azúcares totales, reductores y °Bx. Sin embargo en el fruto de ambos tipos se inició un aumento significativo en el contenido de azúcares totales, reductores y °Bx a partir de los 85 DDF, lo que indica el inicio del proceso de maduración. Palabras clave: Annona diversifolia Saff., intensidad respiratoria, peso del fruto, producción de etileno, sólidos solubles, vitamina C. INTRODUCCIÓN L a ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.) es una especie del género Annona con alto potencial para su cultivo, debido al excelente sabor y CAMBIOS BIOQUÍMICOS, BIOFÍSICOS Y FISIOLÓGICOS DURANTE EL CRECIMIENTO Y MADURACIÓN DEL FRUTO DE ILAMA (Annona diversifolia Saff.) BIOCHEMICAL, BIOPHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING THE GROWTH AND MATURATION OF ILAMA FRUIT (Annona diversifolia Saff.
Planta Medica, Dec 1, 2019
Nutrition and Cancer, Jan 22, 2015
Journal of Tropical Forest Science, Oct 1, 2018
The Mexican yew (Taxus globosa) is important for the production of taxol, which is used to treat ... more The Mexican yew (Taxus globosa) is important for the production of taxol, which is used to treat several types of cancer and its seeds undergo a latent period. The objectives of this research were to study the causes of seed dormancy in this species, the types of dormancy mechanisms it undergoes and how to break such dormancy. Seeds from two regions of Mexico (northern and central region) were evaluated using 12 pre-germination treatments. The treatments consisted of warm and cold stratification, applying 500 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA 4/7) at different intervals, or using alternative seed scarification methods. In addition, embryo growth was studied and a protocol for in vitro embryo culture was also tested. Seeds from the central region did not germinate, probably because of inbreeding depression in seeds that came from small fragmented populations. In contrast, seeds from the northern region of Mexico subjected to warm plus cold stratification, warm plus cold stratification plus GA 4/7 application, and warm stratification plus stratification with N2 plus GA 4/7 application exhibited the highest germination rates (12-14 %). In vitro embryo culture indicated that only 30% of the embryos germinated. Thus, dormancy in the Mexican Yew seems to be caused by several factors, including both morphological and physiological factors.