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Papers by mhussen ahmed

International Orthopaedics

Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus is the most commonly encountered congenital deformity o... more Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus is the most commonly encountered congenital deformity of the foot. Ponseti technique of manipulation is the treatment of choice. The Pirani classification is a reliable scoring system for clinical evaluation of clubfeet. The role of radiographic parameters in the evaluation and treatment of clubfeet is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of radiological parameters with clinical correction in patients with idiopathic clubfeet undergoing correction using Ponseti method. Between March 2018 and March 2019, 42 feet in 27 patients with idiopathic clubfeet were treated in our hospital. We used the Pirani scoring system for clinical evaluation. Anteroposterior and lateral views of the feet were taken before and after correction and at the last follow-up. The anteroposterior view was evaluated for the talocalcaneal angle and talo-first metatarsal angle, while the lateral view was only evaluated for the talocalcaneal angle. Twelve were boys (44.4%), and 15 were girls (55.6%). The deformity was bilateral in 15 patients (55.6%) and unilateral in 12 patients (44.4%). The average age was three months. According to the Pirani score, the mean Pirani Total score was 4.4 before correction and reduced to 0.4 after correction. The mean talocalcaneal angle in anteroposterior and lateral views was 15.1° and 7.8° before correction, increased to 32.7° and 31.8° after correction, respectively. The mean talocalcaneal index increased from 23.2 before correction to 64.5 after correction. The mean talo-first metatarsal angle in anteroposterior view improved from 25.7° before correction to − 1.6° after correction. The relation between the differences in Pirani scores before and after correction and the differences in measured radiographic parameters before and after correction revealed a statistically significant correlation. Radiographic parameters showed a statistically significant correlation with the clinical outcome. Thus, evaluation of clubfeet correction treated by Ponseti technique can rely mainly on clinical scores with limited utilization of radiological assessment.

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

Medico-Legal Update

Objectives: To evaluate and correlate the serum activity of ?-amylase in Sudanese patients with t... more Objectives: To evaluate and correlate the serum activity of ?-amylase in Sudanese patients with type 2 longstanding diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross- sectional, hospital based, case- control study was done in fiftypatients (twenty male t the diminution of the serum levels of ?- amylase couldbe part of the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency since ?- amylase activity decline correlated well with theduration of long-standing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Engineering and Technology Journal

Speaker Recognition Defined by the process of recognizing a person by his\her voice through speci... more Speaker Recognition Defined by the process of recognizing a person by his\her voice through specific features that extract from his\her voice signal. An Automatic Speaker recognition (ASP) is a biometric authentication system. In the last decade, many advances in the speaker recognition field have been attained, along with many techniques in feature extraction and modeling phases. In this paper, we present an overview of the most recent works in ASP technology. The study makes an effort to discuss several modeling ASP techniques like Gaussian Mixture Model GMM, Vector Quantization (VQ), and Clustering Algorithms. Also, several feature extraction techniques like Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are examined. Finally, as a result of this study, we found MFCC and GMM methods could be considered as the most successful techniques in the field of speaker recognition so far.

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common upper limb entrapment neuropathy; severe case... more Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common upper limb entrapment neuropathy; severe cases are treated surgically and mild to moderate can be managed conservatively. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to define the efficacy of gabapentin as an adjuvant to splinting in the treatment of mild to moderate CTS. Methods A systematic search through 13 databases, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting the use of gabapentin with splinting in CTS were included and analyzed. Results Three RCTs including 170 patients were eligible. There was no significant difference between gabapentin plus splinting and splinting alone in 5 measured parameters: (1) Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) [MD (95% CI) = − 0.76 (− 2.46–0.93), p = 0.378], (2) Functional Status Scale (FSS) [MD (95% CI) = − 0.23 (− 1.40–0.94), p = 0.701], (3) visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain [MD (95% CI) = − 0.6 (− 1.47–0.27), p = 0.174], (4) Grip strength [MD (95% CI) = − 0.11 (− 0.70–0.48), p ...

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma

Frontiers in Psychiatry

To determine the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in undiagnosed patients attending neuro... more To determine the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in undiagnosed patients attending neurological services, and detect rates of referral to and attendance of psychiatric services. Methods: Depressive symptoms and anxiety were assessed in 395 adult patients with primary diagnoses of neurological disorders. The Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item depression scale (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item scale (GAD-7) were administered. Demographic details of the patients were recorded. Referral to and attendance of psychiatric services were recorded for patients scoring within the clinical range of depression and anxiety disorders (scores > 10). Results: There was a 39% prevalence rate of depressive symptoms, 34% rate of anxiety, and 35.4% concurrent rate of both disorders in this cohort. The referral rate to psychiatric services was 33.6%, and attendance rate was 47.8%. There was significant association between severity of psychiatric symptoms and referral to psychiatric services, as well as significant association between comorbid psychiatric symptoms and attendance to psychiatric services. Conclusion: Our results indicate similar prevalence rates of comorbid psychiatric symptoms to studies carried out in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and relatively high attendance and referral rates to psychiatric services. Implications: The results shed light on the clinical profile of patients in this region and support the need for integrated collaborative medical services. Moreover, findings have important implications for health care policies pertaining to resource distribution and funding.

Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research

This paper describes an enhanced High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the ana... more This paper describes an enhanced High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of miconazole in water samples. In this study, determination of miconazole has been carried out according to standard method for water and wastewater analysis. Samples of collected water were agriculture stream water, River Nile (Surface water samples) water and Hospital wastewater samples from El-gharbia governorate in Egypt. Miconazole was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex C8 column, flow rate of 0.8mL/min, and UV detection at 220nm. The optimized HPLC system was achieved using mobile phase composition containing methanol: water (85:15v/v). The intra-day and interday precisions were lower than 0.58 while the accuracy ranged from 99.06% to 101.53%. Finally, liquid-liquid phase extraction in combination with HPLC is a sensitive and effective method for the determination of Miconazole Nitrate in water samples. Miconazole was observed in some agricultural streams and waste water samples of El-gharbia governorate hospitals.

Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research

Tetramethrin](1,3-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindol-2-yl) methyl2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-eny... more Tetramethrin](1,3-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindol-2-yl) methyl2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropane-1carboxylate [is a broad-spectrum, first-generation synthetic pyrethroid insecticide often used to target insects such as wasps, hornets, roaches, ants, fleas, and mosquitoes. It is oftentimes combined with another active ingredient for more broad range pest control, or for more effective long term treatments.1 Tetramethrin is commercially available in the form of lotion containing 0.006g of tetramethrin per mL combined with 0.024g of piperonyl butoxide per mL for topical treatment of pediculosis (lice infestations). Tetramethrin has a molecular formula of C19H25NO4 and molecular weight of 331.41g/mol.2 There are numerous different instrumental techniques used for the determination of tetramethrin. The available methods include voltammetric determination,3 capillary electrophoresis,4 spectrophotometric,5 as well as infrared spectrometric methods.6 However, the most widely applied techniques are chromatographic methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD)7 or with mass spectrometry (MS),8 as well as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array (DAD)9 or with MS detection.10

Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Dyslipidaemia is characterised by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and increased ox... more Dyslipidaemia is characterised by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and increased oxidative stress, which may affect liver, kidney and heart function. It is considered as a critical risk factor for cardiovascular and liver diseases. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of vanadium chloride on the oxidative stress state of liver, kidney and heart functions along with electrolyte balance during treatment of dyslipidemia using simvastatin in an animal model. Rats were assigned to 1 of 5 groups: group 1, control group; group 2, received high fat diet (HFD); group 3, received HFD and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) simvastatin; group 4, received HFD and 15 mg/kg BW vanadium chloride and group 5, received HFD, simvastatin and vanadium chloride. Drugs were administered orally by gavage for the last week of the experimental period. HFD was found to elicit a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in non-protein sulfhydryls and significant increases (P ≤ 0.05) in hepatic and cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, urea, uric acid, calcium, sodium and potassium. Oral administration of vanadium chloride did not synergize simvastatin to ameliorate the negative effects of HFD, instead it worsens the negative effect of the HFD. Vanadium chloride administration decreased the concentration of non-protein sulfhydryls and increased MDA concentration in liver and heart tissues. It also caused further increase in the serum concentration of all measured serum parameters. These data proved that the vanadium concentration used in this study is not safe or efficient in ameliorating the oxidative stress or in improving kidney or heart functions in dyslipidemic rats.

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

It is well documented that caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source... more It is well documented that caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source found in coffee. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), diabetes and obesity are major health problems. Caffeine is attested as a potential drug for treating obesity, hepatic fibrosis, and preventing or delaying diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the caffeine content of the Arabian coffee in comparison to Turkish coffee and instant coffee, in order to better adjust daily caffeine consumption. All types of coffee were prepared based on traditional ways in KSA. The average consumed coffee per normal person is assumed to be, 6 Arabian, 2 Nescafe or 1 Turkish cups per day. High performance liquid chromatography technique was used for caffeine measurement using paracetamol as an internal standard. Generally, coffee is prepared with other additives, liquid-liquid extraction was used for the extraction caffeine and paracetamol as an internal standard. HPLC method validated was over the range of 1 to 100 μg with good linearity (r²=0.991). Validation data proved that the method is accurate with average of 102%. Caffeine contents of Arabian coffee, Nescafe®, and Turkish coffee were found to be 4.1, 43.4 and 82.8 mg/cup, respectively. One cup of Turkish coffee contains caffeine as much as 2 Nescafe® and 20 Arabian cups. Gold Nescafe® contains about 20% less caffeine than classic. The caffeine content of each type of marketed coffee was accurately measured. An individual Arabian coffee consumer, who is drinking an average of 6 cups/day, can safely increase the number of cups or cup size in order to obtain more caffeine. The other choice for increasing caffeine ingestion is to think of Turkish coffee and/or Nescafe® as a substitute, in order to maintain caffeine at a therapeutic range for better health.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Pervious concrete (PC) was introduced as a solution for the runoff from rainfall. To insure high ... more Pervious concrete (PC) was introduced as a solution for the runoff from rainfall. To insure high porosity, pervious concrete should contain limited quantities of fine aggregate, which adversely effects concrete mechanical properties. As an attempt to improve PC mechanical properties, fibers were added to concrete matrix. As PC is allows water to pass through it, metal fibers are uncourageous to be added to it. Plastic fibers were selected as an alternative to metal fibers to be added to PC. Concrete physical and mechanical properties were studied for mixtures containing different quantities of fibers. Tests results showed a slight improvement in concrete compressive strength (0.48% to 1.44%) as fibers were added. The addition of fibers improved splitting tensile strength by (6.36% to 27.67%). As adding fibers, concrete flexural strength increased by (11.37% to 24.17%) compared to the reference mixtures. of PC. Concrete physical properties (Density, Porosity and permeability) were al...

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences

Objective: To examine concentration of Paraoxonase 1 enzymes across both Sudanese patients suffer... more Objective: To examine concentration of Paraoxonase 1 enzymes across both Sudanese patients suffering from Type-I and Type-II diabetes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in Khartoum/Sudan during the period from June 24th 2018 to August 23, 2018. One hundred seven diabetic patients (40 T1DM and 67 T2DM) compared with 45 healthy people from both genders. Biochemical parameters include PON1, FBG, HbA1C, and lipids were done and compared between study groups. Results: PON1 was reduced in patients than controls (P < 0.01), in addition PON1 was lower in T1DM than T2DM (P < 0.01), moreover, FBG, HbA1c and lipids was higher in diabetes than controls (P < 0.05). PON1 inversely correlated with LDL and apo B in T1DM (P < 0.01) and T2DM (P < 0.05), in addition PON1 correlated with HDL and apo A1 in T1DM (P < 0.01), inversely correlated with LDL in T2DM (P < 0.05) and with apo A1 in T2DM (P < 0.01). Moreover, PON1 inversely correlated with diabetes duration in...

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education

Individualized instruction of biochemistry has been a promising alternative to large lecture form... more Individualized instruction of biochemistry has been a promising alternative to large lecture format classes at our institution. The challenge, however, is that individualized instruction courses have larger staff requirements, which can be infeasible under the current scope of educational budget and human resource constraints. In this article, we highlight how we have met those larger staff requirements in a sustainable way by utilizing undergraduate teaching assistants. We also provide an effective framework for recruiting, training, and utilizing undergraduate teaching assistants, which can be replicated in other contexts. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):560–564, 2019.

Computers & Chemical Engineering

Abstract Increasing the yield and research octane number (RON) of naphtha isomerization process a... more Abstract Increasing the yield and research octane number (RON) of naphtha isomerization process are the most important issues in industries. There are many alternative industrial naphtha isomerization processes practiced around the world. In addition, AJAM is a new naphtha isomerization process proposed by the authors recently (Ahmed et al., 2018) where the isomerization reactor model was validated using real data of Baiji North Refinery (BNR) of Iraq. In this work, first, the performance of the AJAM Process is evaluated against 8 existing industrial isomerization processes in terms of RON, yield and the cost using model based optimisation techniques. To be consistent, we have used the same isomerization reactor model in all the industrial processes we evaluated here. Secondly, energy saving opportunity in the new AJAM process is studied using pinch technology.

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

Citation Ahmed AM, Jarullah AT, Abed FM et al (2018) Modelling of an industrial naphtha isomeriza... more Citation Ahmed AM, Jarullah AT, Abed FM et al (2018) Modelling of an industrial naphtha isomerization reactor and development and assessment of a new isomerization process. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 137: 33-46.

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with imbalance in body trace elements. The aim of the... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with imbalance in body trace elements. The aim of the current investigation was to compare the levels of trace elements (Zn, Mg, Mn, Cu, Na, K, Fe, Ca, Cr, and Se) in insulin dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) diabetes. Methods: A total of 100 patients with diabetes (40 IDDM and 60 NIDDM) and 50 healthy subjects were recruited in the study from both genders. Biochemical measures include glucose, lipids, and HbA1C. Results: The results showed that Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr were significant lower in patients with diabetes compared to the control group (P<0.01). In addition, Zn and Cr were significantly lower in IDDM than NIDDM (P<0.05). Moreover, Zn and Mg levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c in IDDM and NIDDM (P<0.05). Zn was inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose in IDDM (P<0.05). Finally, no correlation between trace element levels with BMI was found (P>0.05). Conclusion: Disturbance in trace element profile among IDDM and NIDDM is similar.

Parking is an important part of the transport system and its problems, especially in the capitals... more Parking is an important part of the transport system and its problems, especially in the capitals of countries, are due to dense traffic, business districts, private vehicle use, and the number of population as compared to the area of cities. The purposes of the study are assessing of the efficiency of parking operation including Parking Index (PI), Parking Duration (PD) and Parking Turnovers (PT). The study area included four parks was to be selected in Baghdad city in Iraq based on the advantages of the land use, two in Al-Karkh area and the others in Al-Rusafa area. Parking data were surveyed manually to evaluate parking performance of each park depending on initial questionnaires and previous data. Arrival-Departure method is used for evaluating PI, PD, and PT which express the case of parking efficiency. It showed that PI is 57.00, 97.72, 39.39 and 35.71%, also PD is 41.71, 43.11, 42.67 and 38.88 min, in addition that PT is 0.82, 1.36, 0.55, 0.55 veh/space for P1, P2, P3 and P4...

International Orthopaedics

Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus is the most commonly encountered congenital deformity o... more Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus is the most commonly encountered congenital deformity of the foot. Ponseti technique of manipulation is the treatment of choice. The Pirani classification is a reliable scoring system for clinical evaluation of clubfeet. The role of radiographic parameters in the evaluation and treatment of clubfeet is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of radiological parameters with clinical correction in patients with idiopathic clubfeet undergoing correction using Ponseti method. Between March 2018 and March 2019, 42 feet in 27 patients with idiopathic clubfeet were treated in our hospital. We used the Pirani scoring system for clinical evaluation. Anteroposterior and lateral views of the feet were taken before and after correction and at the last follow-up. The anteroposterior view was evaluated for the talocalcaneal angle and talo-first metatarsal angle, while the lateral view was only evaluated for the talocalcaneal angle. Twelve were boys (44.4%), and 15 were girls (55.6%). The deformity was bilateral in 15 patients (55.6%) and unilateral in 12 patients (44.4%). The average age was three months. According to the Pirani score, the mean Pirani Total score was 4.4 before correction and reduced to 0.4 after correction. The mean talocalcaneal angle in anteroposterior and lateral views was 15.1° and 7.8° before correction, increased to 32.7° and 31.8° after correction, respectively. The mean talocalcaneal index increased from 23.2 before correction to 64.5 after correction. The mean talo-first metatarsal angle in anteroposterior view improved from 25.7° before correction to − 1.6° after correction. The relation between the differences in Pirani scores before and after correction and the differences in measured radiographic parameters before and after correction revealed a statistically significant correlation. Radiographic parameters showed a statistically significant correlation with the clinical outcome. Thus, evaluation of clubfeet correction treated by Ponseti technique can rely mainly on clinical scores with limited utilization of radiological assessment.

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

Medico-Legal Update

Objectives: To evaluate and correlate the serum activity of ?-amylase in Sudanese patients with t... more Objectives: To evaluate and correlate the serum activity of ?-amylase in Sudanese patients with type 2 longstanding diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross- sectional, hospital based, case- control study was done in fiftypatients (twenty male t the diminution of the serum levels of ?- amylase couldbe part of the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency since ?- amylase activity decline correlated well with theduration of long-standing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Engineering and Technology Journal

Speaker Recognition Defined by the process of recognizing a person by his\her voice through speci... more Speaker Recognition Defined by the process of recognizing a person by his\her voice through specific features that extract from his\her voice signal. An Automatic Speaker recognition (ASP) is a biometric authentication system. In the last decade, many advances in the speaker recognition field have been attained, along with many techniques in feature extraction and modeling phases. In this paper, we present an overview of the most recent works in ASP technology. The study makes an effort to discuss several modeling ASP techniques like Gaussian Mixture Model GMM, Vector Quantization (VQ), and Clustering Algorithms. Also, several feature extraction techniques like Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are examined. Finally, as a result of this study, we found MFCC and GMM methods could be considered as the most successful techniques in the field of speaker recognition so far.

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common upper limb entrapment neuropathy; severe case... more Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common upper limb entrapment neuropathy; severe cases are treated surgically and mild to moderate can be managed conservatively. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to define the efficacy of gabapentin as an adjuvant to splinting in the treatment of mild to moderate CTS. Methods A systematic search through 13 databases, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting the use of gabapentin with splinting in CTS were included and analyzed. Results Three RCTs including 170 patients were eligible. There was no significant difference between gabapentin plus splinting and splinting alone in 5 measured parameters: (1) Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) [MD (95% CI) = − 0.76 (− 2.46–0.93), p = 0.378], (2) Functional Status Scale (FSS) [MD (95% CI) = − 0.23 (− 1.40–0.94), p = 0.701], (3) visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain [MD (95% CI) = − 0.6 (− 1.47–0.27), p = 0.174], (4) Grip strength [MD (95% CI) = − 0.11 (− 0.70–0.48), p ...

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma

Frontiers in Psychiatry

To determine the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in undiagnosed patients attending neuro... more To determine the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in undiagnosed patients attending neurological services, and detect rates of referral to and attendance of psychiatric services. Methods: Depressive symptoms and anxiety were assessed in 395 adult patients with primary diagnoses of neurological disorders. The Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item depression scale (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item scale (GAD-7) were administered. Demographic details of the patients were recorded. Referral to and attendance of psychiatric services were recorded for patients scoring within the clinical range of depression and anxiety disorders (scores > 10). Results: There was a 39% prevalence rate of depressive symptoms, 34% rate of anxiety, and 35.4% concurrent rate of both disorders in this cohort. The referral rate to psychiatric services was 33.6%, and attendance rate was 47.8%. There was significant association between severity of psychiatric symptoms and referral to psychiatric services, as well as significant association between comorbid psychiatric symptoms and attendance to psychiatric services. Conclusion: Our results indicate similar prevalence rates of comorbid psychiatric symptoms to studies carried out in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and relatively high attendance and referral rates to psychiatric services. Implications: The results shed light on the clinical profile of patients in this region and support the need for integrated collaborative medical services. Moreover, findings have important implications for health care policies pertaining to resource distribution and funding.

Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research

This paper describes an enhanced High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the ana... more This paper describes an enhanced High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of miconazole in water samples. In this study, determination of miconazole has been carried out according to standard method for water and wastewater analysis. Samples of collected water were agriculture stream water, River Nile (Surface water samples) water and Hospital wastewater samples from El-gharbia governorate in Egypt. Miconazole was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex C8 column, flow rate of 0.8mL/min, and UV detection at 220nm. The optimized HPLC system was achieved using mobile phase composition containing methanol: water (85:15v/v). The intra-day and interday precisions were lower than 0.58 while the accuracy ranged from 99.06% to 101.53%. Finally, liquid-liquid phase extraction in combination with HPLC is a sensitive and effective method for the determination of Miconazole Nitrate in water samples. Miconazole was observed in some agricultural streams and waste water samples of El-gharbia governorate hospitals.

Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research

Tetramethrin](1,3-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindol-2-yl) methyl2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-eny... more Tetramethrin](1,3-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindol-2-yl) methyl2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropane-1carboxylate [is a broad-spectrum, first-generation synthetic pyrethroid insecticide often used to target insects such as wasps, hornets, roaches, ants, fleas, and mosquitoes. It is oftentimes combined with another active ingredient for more broad range pest control, or for more effective long term treatments.1 Tetramethrin is commercially available in the form of lotion containing 0.006g of tetramethrin per mL combined with 0.024g of piperonyl butoxide per mL for topical treatment of pediculosis (lice infestations). Tetramethrin has a molecular formula of C19H25NO4 and molecular weight of 331.41g/mol.2 There are numerous different instrumental techniques used for the determination of tetramethrin. The available methods include voltammetric determination,3 capillary electrophoresis,4 spectrophotometric,5 as well as infrared spectrometric methods.6 However, the most widely applied techniques are chromatographic methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD)7 or with mass spectrometry (MS),8 as well as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array (DAD)9 or with MS detection.10

Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Dyslipidaemia is characterised by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and increased ox... more Dyslipidaemia is characterised by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and increased oxidative stress, which may affect liver, kidney and heart function. It is considered as a critical risk factor for cardiovascular and liver diseases. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of vanadium chloride on the oxidative stress state of liver, kidney and heart functions along with electrolyte balance during treatment of dyslipidemia using simvastatin in an animal model. Rats were assigned to 1 of 5 groups: group 1, control group; group 2, received high fat diet (HFD); group 3, received HFD and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) simvastatin; group 4, received HFD and 15 mg/kg BW vanadium chloride and group 5, received HFD, simvastatin and vanadium chloride. Drugs were administered orally by gavage for the last week of the experimental period. HFD was found to elicit a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in non-protein sulfhydryls and significant increases (P ≤ 0.05) in hepatic and cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, urea, uric acid, calcium, sodium and potassium. Oral administration of vanadium chloride did not synergize simvastatin to ameliorate the negative effects of HFD, instead it worsens the negative effect of the HFD. Vanadium chloride administration decreased the concentration of non-protein sulfhydryls and increased MDA concentration in liver and heart tissues. It also caused further increase in the serum concentration of all measured serum parameters. These data proved that the vanadium concentration used in this study is not safe or efficient in ameliorating the oxidative stress or in improving kidney or heart functions in dyslipidemic rats.

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

It is well documented that caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source... more It is well documented that caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source found in coffee. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), diabetes and obesity are major health problems. Caffeine is attested as a potential drug for treating obesity, hepatic fibrosis, and preventing or delaying diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the caffeine content of the Arabian coffee in comparison to Turkish coffee and instant coffee, in order to better adjust daily caffeine consumption. All types of coffee were prepared based on traditional ways in KSA. The average consumed coffee per normal person is assumed to be, 6 Arabian, 2 Nescafe or 1 Turkish cups per day. High performance liquid chromatography technique was used for caffeine measurement using paracetamol as an internal standard. Generally, coffee is prepared with other additives, liquid-liquid extraction was used for the extraction caffeine and paracetamol as an internal standard. HPLC method validated was over the range of 1 to 100 μg with good linearity (r²=0.991). Validation data proved that the method is accurate with average of 102%. Caffeine contents of Arabian coffee, Nescafe®, and Turkish coffee were found to be 4.1, 43.4 and 82.8 mg/cup, respectively. One cup of Turkish coffee contains caffeine as much as 2 Nescafe® and 20 Arabian cups. Gold Nescafe® contains about 20% less caffeine than classic. The caffeine content of each type of marketed coffee was accurately measured. An individual Arabian coffee consumer, who is drinking an average of 6 cups/day, can safely increase the number of cups or cup size in order to obtain more caffeine. The other choice for increasing caffeine ingestion is to think of Turkish coffee and/or Nescafe® as a substitute, in order to maintain caffeine at a therapeutic range for better health.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Pervious concrete (PC) was introduced as a solution for the runoff from rainfall. To insure high ... more Pervious concrete (PC) was introduced as a solution for the runoff from rainfall. To insure high porosity, pervious concrete should contain limited quantities of fine aggregate, which adversely effects concrete mechanical properties. As an attempt to improve PC mechanical properties, fibers were added to concrete matrix. As PC is allows water to pass through it, metal fibers are uncourageous to be added to it. Plastic fibers were selected as an alternative to metal fibers to be added to PC. Concrete physical and mechanical properties were studied for mixtures containing different quantities of fibers. Tests results showed a slight improvement in concrete compressive strength (0.48% to 1.44%) as fibers were added. The addition of fibers improved splitting tensile strength by (6.36% to 27.67%). As adding fibers, concrete flexural strength increased by (11.37% to 24.17%) compared to the reference mixtures. of PC. Concrete physical properties (Density, Porosity and permeability) were al...

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences

Objective: To examine concentration of Paraoxonase 1 enzymes across both Sudanese patients suffer... more Objective: To examine concentration of Paraoxonase 1 enzymes across both Sudanese patients suffering from Type-I and Type-II diabetes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in Khartoum/Sudan during the period from June 24th 2018 to August 23, 2018. One hundred seven diabetic patients (40 T1DM and 67 T2DM) compared with 45 healthy people from both genders. Biochemical parameters include PON1, FBG, HbA1C, and lipids were done and compared between study groups. Results: PON1 was reduced in patients than controls (P < 0.01), in addition PON1 was lower in T1DM than T2DM (P < 0.01), moreover, FBG, HbA1c and lipids was higher in diabetes than controls (P < 0.05). PON1 inversely correlated with LDL and apo B in T1DM (P < 0.01) and T2DM (P < 0.05), in addition PON1 correlated with HDL and apo A1 in T1DM (P < 0.01), inversely correlated with LDL in T2DM (P < 0.05) and with apo A1 in T2DM (P < 0.01). Moreover, PON1 inversely correlated with diabetes duration in...

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education

Individualized instruction of biochemistry has been a promising alternative to large lecture form... more Individualized instruction of biochemistry has been a promising alternative to large lecture format classes at our institution. The challenge, however, is that individualized instruction courses have larger staff requirements, which can be infeasible under the current scope of educational budget and human resource constraints. In this article, we highlight how we have met those larger staff requirements in a sustainable way by utilizing undergraduate teaching assistants. We also provide an effective framework for recruiting, training, and utilizing undergraduate teaching assistants, which can be replicated in other contexts. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):560–564, 2019.

Computers & Chemical Engineering

Abstract Increasing the yield and research octane number (RON) of naphtha isomerization process a... more Abstract Increasing the yield and research octane number (RON) of naphtha isomerization process are the most important issues in industries. There are many alternative industrial naphtha isomerization processes practiced around the world. In addition, AJAM is a new naphtha isomerization process proposed by the authors recently (Ahmed et al., 2018) where the isomerization reactor model was validated using real data of Baiji North Refinery (BNR) of Iraq. In this work, first, the performance of the AJAM Process is evaluated against 8 existing industrial isomerization processes in terms of RON, yield and the cost using model based optimisation techniques. To be consistent, we have used the same isomerization reactor model in all the industrial processes we evaluated here. Secondly, energy saving opportunity in the new AJAM process is studied using pinch technology.

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

Citation Ahmed AM, Jarullah AT, Abed FM et al (2018) Modelling of an industrial naphtha isomeriza... more Citation Ahmed AM, Jarullah AT, Abed FM et al (2018) Modelling of an industrial naphtha isomerization reactor and development and assessment of a new isomerization process. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 137: 33-46.

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with imbalance in body trace elements. The aim of the... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with imbalance in body trace elements. The aim of the current investigation was to compare the levels of trace elements (Zn, Mg, Mn, Cu, Na, K, Fe, Ca, Cr, and Se) in insulin dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) diabetes. Methods: A total of 100 patients with diabetes (40 IDDM and 60 NIDDM) and 50 healthy subjects were recruited in the study from both genders. Biochemical measures include glucose, lipids, and HbA1C. Results: The results showed that Zn, Mg, Cu and Cr were significant lower in patients with diabetes compared to the control group (P<0.01). In addition, Zn and Cr were significantly lower in IDDM than NIDDM (P<0.05). Moreover, Zn and Mg levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c in IDDM and NIDDM (P<0.05). Zn was inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose in IDDM (P<0.05). Finally, no correlation between trace element levels with BMI was found (P>0.05). Conclusion: Disturbance in trace element profile among IDDM and NIDDM is similar.

Parking is an important part of the transport system and its problems, especially in the capitals... more Parking is an important part of the transport system and its problems, especially in the capitals of countries, are due to dense traffic, business districts, private vehicle use, and the number of population as compared to the area of cities. The purposes of the study are assessing of the efficiency of parking operation including Parking Index (PI), Parking Duration (PD) and Parking Turnovers (PT). The study area included four parks was to be selected in Baghdad city in Iraq based on the advantages of the land use, two in Al-Karkh area and the others in Al-Rusafa area. Parking data were surveyed manually to evaluate parking performance of each park depending on initial questionnaires and previous data. Arrival-Departure method is used for evaluating PI, PD, and PT which express the case of parking efficiency. It showed that PI is 57.00, 97.72, 39.39 and 35.71%, also PD is 41.71, 43.11, 42.67 and 38.88 min, in addition that PT is 0.82, 1.36, 0.55, 0.55 veh/space for P1, P2, P3 and P4...