nidhi chauhan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by nidhi chauhan
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019
Background: Bio-ethics i.e. health care ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values t... more Background: Bio-ethics i.e. health care ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values that guide us in making choices about medical care. This novel study was carried out with an objective of assessment of knowledge regarding the medical ethics among the resident doctors of Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla Himachal Pradesh.Methods: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC), Shimla, Himachal Pradesh among the resident doctors using predesigned, structured, self-administered anonymous close-ended questionnaire. We analyzed the data using Stata software version 12.Results: There were a total of 61 study participants, who consented to participate, of which more than half were females (52.5%). The mean age of the study participants was 28.6±0.63 years. Regarding the source of knowledge about medical ethics most of the study participants had acquired the information during their experience at their workplace (42....
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2023
ABSTRACT Background: Snakebite envenoming, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is an important pu... more ABSTRACT Background: Snakebite envenoming, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is an important public health problem that is responsible for more than 1 lakh deaths annually across the world. However, the majority of the data in this regard is from health institutions and data from community settings are scarce. The aim of the current study was to develop valid and reliable qualitative tools for assessing the burden of snakebites and the health-seeking behavior of the community. The tools developed thus will serve in creating a community connection and thereby strengthen primary care teams engaged in managing snakebites at the primary care level. Methods: A four-step design was used; (a) review of the available literature on the burden of disease, tools used to assess the burden, and the guidelines on snakebite (b) development, laying out, and contextualization of questions/items for the tools (c) pilot testing and establishment of validity. Results: A focus group discussion guide, key informant interview schedule for health professionals, community leaders, and traditional faith healers were matured for the implementation. Conclusion: A reliable and valid qualitative tool was developed to discern the speculations related to snakebites and its management in rural field settings.
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, Jul 24, 2019
Background: Himachal Pradesh is an endemic area for scrub typhus. If not treated early, it can le... more Background: Himachal Pradesh is an endemic area for scrub typhus. If not treated early, it can lead to life threatening complications. Therefore, more emphasis needs to be laid on the diagnosis and prompt treatment, so that mortality due to severe scrub typhus can be prevented. So, this study was done with an objective to study the clinical profile of patients diagnosed with severe scrub typhus and assess their severity using APACHE II score in IGMC, Shimla. Methods: Authors conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla over one year (June 2016-May 2017). Out of 538 confirmed scrub typhus cases, 58 severe cases were reported, and their severity was assessed with predefined criteria of sepsis and APACHE II score. Results: Mean age of males (50.18±18.6 yrs) was found to be more than that of females (45.52±14.5 yrs), the difference being statistically insignificant t(56)=-1.01, (P=0.32). Fever (100%), headache (84.5%), vomiting (79.3%) were the major presenting symptoms and tachycardia (96.5%), hypotension (87.9%), tachypnoea (94.8%) were the main clinical signs. The mean APACHE II score on admission was 16.25±5.0 with a predicted mortality of 23.5%, that was found to be less than actual reported hospital mortality (25.8%). Conclusions: APACHE II score was found reliable tool for risk stratification. Case fatality in diagnosed cases of severe scrub typhus was found high. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment according to guidelines would help in decreasing the mortality, financial burden on patient, society and health system.
International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, Jul 23, 2020
Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is common yet neglected global health problem, mainly among re... more Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is common yet neglected global health problem, mainly among reproductive age group of women, living in South East Asian Region (SEAR) countries. The prevalence of RTI in India and countries like Bangladesh, Egypt, and Kenya is in the range of 52-90%. 2 The prevalence of self-reported RTI symptoms among women in reproductive age group in India has been found to be 11-18% in nationally representative studies. 3,4 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year around 499 million cases of curable STIs occur throughout the world in the age group of 15-49 years, of which 80% cases occur in developing countries and about 79 million cases occur in India annually. 5 Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are caused by organisms which are commensals in reproductive tract or introduced from the outside during sexual contact or medical procedures. Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) include three types of infection: 1) sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, chancroid, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); 2) endogenous infections, caused by overgrowth of organisms normally present in the genital tract of healthy women, such as bacterial vaginosis or vulvovaginal ABSTRACT Background: Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is a public health problem, especially in developing country like India. The associated odium with this reproductive morbidity is often a stumbling block in seeking health care. The aim was to study the prevalence of RTI symptoms and its socio-demographic corelates. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of department of community medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to September 2018. Total sample size calculated was 410. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent. Results: The prevalence of self-reported reproductive tract infections was found to be 41.2%. The prevalence was more in lower socioeconomic classes, and it was statistically significant. Other socio-demographic corelates (age, education, occupation) did not showed any significant association. Conclusions: The reproductive tract infections prevalence is found to be considerably high in the women of reproductive age group. The frequency was higher among multigravida women and those using cloth during menstrual periods. RTIs are usually spurned by women and even the health care providers, so there is a need to give due consideration to this aspect of reproductive health.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Jul 24, 2020
India was the first country in the world to have launched a national programme for family plannin... more India was the first country in the world to have launched a national programme for family planning in 1952. Over the years, the programme has undergone transformation ABSTRACT Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG's health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Sep 26, 2022
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Trauma is a neglected area of the society. It is a health problem that is responsible... more Background: Trauma is a neglected area of the society. It is a health problem that is responsible for mortality and disability, predominantly among the young generation. Thereupon, the risk stratification of such patients become essential to avoid the mortality, for which various scoring systems are employed.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among the 300 polytrauma patients who presented in a tertiary care institute over a span of one and half year (March 2018 to December 2019). The severity of injuries of each patient was assessed using various scoring systems (GCS, RTS, AIS, ISS, NISS), and accordingly the outcome (mortality and hospital stay) was recorded.Results: Of the total 300 cases of polytrauma, the young men are most commonly afflicted with road traffic injuries as the leading cause. Most patients presented after a latent period of 2-8 hours since injury with predominantly accidental injuries. Total 21% mortality was observed in this study of which ...
International journal of scientific research, 2021
Introduction: To combat the challenges of National Program for Control of Blindness, the role of ... more Introduction: To combat the challenges of National Program for Control of Blindness, the role of NGOs has been emphasised in the twelfth ve year plan, to deliver eye care services in the country. They play an imperative role in organising camps and conducting cataract surgeries. Material & methods: A cross sectional survey was carried out among the NGOs and eye surgeons working under NPCB, using a self-administered questionnaire in the four districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh. Results: In four districts of HP, some organisations were working regularly under NPCB and some occasionally. Maximum surgeries were performed in district Kangra (10,000/year). Moreover, most of the camps i.e 13/year were organised by NGOs in district Kangra. Conclusion: To implement the outreach services, community based screenings and to escalate the cataract surgeries to treat the avoidable blindness, the count of NGOs and organisations under NPCB program need to be up surged
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: Cleanliness and hygiene in hospitals are critical to preventing infections and also p... more Background: Cleanliness and hygiene in hospitals are critical to preventing infections and also provide patients and visitors with a positive experience and encourages molding behavior related to clean environment. Comprehensive sanitation and proper biomedical waste management is a critical factor in preventing iatrogenic causation of disease in addition to promoting health and cure. Hospitals of all levels of healthcare are assessed under the kayakalp programme every year.Methods: Observational cross sectional study was done in the Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla in the month of April 2018 using kayakalp assessment checklist for tertiary care hospital.Results: Scores under various thematic areas was less than the required scores for qualifying for further peer and external assessment.Conclusions: The results compiled were appraised to the authorities of the IGMC Shimla for necessary improvements in different thematic areas of Kayakalp.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019
Background: Tobacco smoking is a pandemic affecting populations and contributing to global morbid... more Background: Tobacco smoking is a pandemic affecting populations and contributing to global morbidity and mortality. It is well known that the second hand smoke is equally hazardous like first hand smoke. Cigarette and other tobacco products act 2003 is an effort put forth by Government of India in order to curb this menace and protect people from ill effects of second hand smoke.Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the compliance to smoke free act in tertiary healthcare institutes in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 57 public places and 8 shops in five Tertiary healthcare institutes were evaluated for various provisions of the act. Compliance to different sections of the act was assessed using a structured observational checklist.Results: Signage indicating ban on smoking was seen at 71.9% places. Active smoking was absent at 77.2% places. About 25% shops around the institutes were found selling tobacco products. Signage displaying ban on sale within 100 m of ...
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021
Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still t... more Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved, unmet need being one of the imperative component.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. Total sample size calculated was 316. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). Male condom (36%), followed by female sterilisation (30%) were the most common methods preferred. Unmet need of family plan...
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2021
Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, glob... more Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, globally. In India, an estimated 167 million people are at risk of developing IDDs. Despite of the universal salt iodization in India, only 71 % of the households were consuming this by 2009.The present survey was conducted to estimate the uptake of adequately iodized salt in the tribal district of Himachal Pradesh. Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in tribal Distt. Kinaaur of H.P. A total of 10 clusters were taken for survey and 18 -20 households per cluster were chosen randomly. The unit of study taken was a household. Results: A total of 196 households in Kinnaur were surveyed for iodized salt coverage, using MBI salt Iodine detection kit. The household coverage of adequately iodized salt in current survey was found to be 75%.. Conclusion: The district Kinnaur had transformed its phase from iodine decient to iodine sufcient. Majority of the respondents followe...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: A corona virus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic of respiratory i... more Background: A corona virus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic of respiratory illness, called COVID-19. COVID-19 has been cited responsible for over more than four million deaths across the world. Consequentially, COVID-19 had resulted in various residual health problems in infected individuals during the illness period and in some even after the recovery.Methods:A cross-sectional survey having 10-item questionnaire was developed using Google forms. The questionnaire was made available to the participants through all available social networking platforms such as email, WhatsApp etc. according to the suitability of the participant. Data were collected and entered in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, cleaned for errors and analysed using Epi-info version 7.2.1.0 software.Results: The study found that majority of people agreed to the implementation of lockdown and only 6.1% said that lockdown should not be implemented. Among those who agreed to the implementation of lock...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, with male preponderance... more Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, with male preponderance. It is associated with both motor and non-motor symptoms, which affect quality of life in elderly people. Due to paucity of studies on its epidemiology and prevalence, this disease needs assiduity and further exploration.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in the tertiary care hospital, among 45 patients diagnosed with PD.Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.17±12.30 years, with male to female ratio was 2:1. The average age of onset of PD was 57.4±12.30 years. Tremor was the most common initial symptom (68.88%) followed by rigidity (20%) and bradykinesia. Most of the patients (86.66%) had progressive symptoms, and 69% had unilateral involvement of limbs.Conclusions: The profile of patients with PD in Himachal Pradesh is similar to that from other populations in India and other developing countries. However, the dearth of studies and data pertaining ...
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2021
Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, glob... more Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, globally. In India, an estimated 167 million people are at risk of developing IDDs. Despite of the universal salt iodization in India, only 71 % of the households were consuming this by 2009.The present survey was conducted to estimate the uptake of adequately iodized salt in the tribal district of Himachal Pradesh. Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in tribal Distt. Kinaaur of H.P. A total of 10 clusters were taken for survey and 18 -20 households per cluster were chosen randomly. The unit of study taken was a household. Results: A total of 196 households in Kinnaur were surveyed for iodized salt coverage, using MBI salt Iodine detection kit. The household coverage of adequately iodized salt in current survey was found to be 75%.. Conclusion: The district Kinnaur had transformed its phase from iodine decient to iodine sufcient. Majority of the respondents followe...
Applied Economics, 2015
In this article, we investigate whether the application of the mean-variance framework on portfol... more In this article, we investigate whether the application of the mean-variance framework on portfolio manager allocation offers any out-of-sample benefits compared to a naïve strategy of equal weighting. Based on an exclusive data-set of high-net-worth (HNW) investors, we utilize a wide variety of methodologies to estimate the input parameters including exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and Bayes–Stein shrinkage estimation. We apply nine different mean-variance models, but find that none of these present any consistent benefit over a naïve strategy of equal weighting.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2020
Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still t... more Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from September to December 2019, with sample size of 316. The eligible participants were administered a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group 15-49 years. Male condom 36%, followed by female sterilization 30% were the most common methods preferred.Conclusions: Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of ...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019
Background: Bio-ethics i.e. health care ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values t... more Background: Bio-ethics i.e. health care ethics is a set of moral principles, beliefs and values that guide us in making choices about medical care. This novel study was carried out with an objective of assessment of knowledge regarding the medical ethics among the resident doctors of Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla Himachal Pradesh.Methods: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC), Shimla, Himachal Pradesh among the resident doctors using predesigned, structured, self-administered anonymous close-ended questionnaire. We analyzed the data using Stata software version 12.Results: There were a total of 61 study participants, who consented to participate, of which more than half were females (52.5%). The mean age of the study participants was 28.6±0.63 years. Regarding the source of knowledge about medical ethics most of the study participants had acquired the information during their experience at their workplace (42....
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2023
ABSTRACT Background: Snakebite envenoming, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is an important pu... more ABSTRACT Background: Snakebite envenoming, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is an important public health problem that is responsible for more than 1 lakh deaths annually across the world. However, the majority of the data in this regard is from health institutions and data from community settings are scarce. The aim of the current study was to develop valid and reliable qualitative tools for assessing the burden of snakebites and the health-seeking behavior of the community. The tools developed thus will serve in creating a community connection and thereby strengthen primary care teams engaged in managing snakebites at the primary care level. Methods: A four-step design was used; (a) review of the available literature on the burden of disease, tools used to assess the burden, and the guidelines on snakebite (b) development, laying out, and contextualization of questions/items for the tools (c) pilot testing and establishment of validity. Results: A focus group discussion guide, key informant interview schedule for health professionals, community leaders, and traditional faith healers were matured for the implementation. Conclusion: A reliable and valid qualitative tool was developed to discern the speculations related to snakebites and its management in rural field settings.
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, Jul 24, 2019
Background: Himachal Pradesh is an endemic area for scrub typhus. If not treated early, it can le... more Background: Himachal Pradesh is an endemic area for scrub typhus. If not treated early, it can lead to life threatening complications. Therefore, more emphasis needs to be laid on the diagnosis and prompt treatment, so that mortality due to severe scrub typhus can be prevented. So, this study was done with an objective to study the clinical profile of patients diagnosed with severe scrub typhus and assess their severity using APACHE II score in IGMC, Shimla. Methods: Authors conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla over one year (June 2016-May 2017). Out of 538 confirmed scrub typhus cases, 58 severe cases were reported, and their severity was assessed with predefined criteria of sepsis and APACHE II score. Results: Mean age of males (50.18±18.6 yrs) was found to be more than that of females (45.52±14.5 yrs), the difference being statistically insignificant t(56)=-1.01, (P=0.32). Fever (100%), headache (84.5%), vomiting (79.3%) were the major presenting symptoms and tachycardia (96.5%), hypotension (87.9%), tachypnoea (94.8%) were the main clinical signs. The mean APACHE II score on admission was 16.25±5.0 with a predicted mortality of 23.5%, that was found to be less than actual reported hospital mortality (25.8%). Conclusions: APACHE II score was found reliable tool for risk stratification. Case fatality in diagnosed cases of severe scrub typhus was found high. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment according to guidelines would help in decreasing the mortality, financial burden on patient, society and health system.
International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, Jul 23, 2020
Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is common yet neglected global health problem, mainly among re... more Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is common yet neglected global health problem, mainly among reproductive age group of women, living in South East Asian Region (SEAR) countries. The prevalence of RTI in India and countries like Bangladesh, Egypt, and Kenya is in the range of 52-90%. 2 The prevalence of self-reported RTI symptoms among women in reproductive age group in India has been found to be 11-18% in nationally representative studies. 3,4 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year around 499 million cases of curable STIs occur throughout the world in the age group of 15-49 years, of which 80% cases occur in developing countries and about 79 million cases occur in India annually. 5 Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are caused by organisms which are commensals in reproductive tract or introduced from the outside during sexual contact or medical procedures. Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) include three types of infection: 1) sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, chancroid, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); 2) endogenous infections, caused by overgrowth of organisms normally present in the genital tract of healthy women, such as bacterial vaginosis or vulvovaginal ABSTRACT Background: Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is a public health problem, especially in developing country like India. The associated odium with this reproductive morbidity is often a stumbling block in seeking health care. The aim was to study the prevalence of RTI symptoms and its socio-demographic corelates. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of department of community medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to September 2018. Total sample size calculated was 410. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent. Results: The prevalence of self-reported reproductive tract infections was found to be 41.2%. The prevalence was more in lower socioeconomic classes, and it was statistically significant. Other socio-demographic corelates (age, education, occupation) did not showed any significant association. Conclusions: The reproductive tract infections prevalence is found to be considerably high in the women of reproductive age group. The frequency was higher among multigravida women and those using cloth during menstrual periods. RTIs are usually spurned by women and even the health care providers, so there is a need to give due consideration to this aspect of reproductive health.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Jul 24, 2020
India was the first country in the world to have launched a national programme for family plannin... more India was the first country in the world to have launched a national programme for family planning in 1952. Over the years, the programme has undergone transformation ABSTRACT Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG's health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Sep 26, 2022
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Trauma is a neglected area of the society. It is a health problem that is responsible... more Background: Trauma is a neglected area of the society. It is a health problem that is responsible for mortality and disability, predominantly among the young generation. Thereupon, the risk stratification of such patients become essential to avoid the mortality, for which various scoring systems are employed.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among the 300 polytrauma patients who presented in a tertiary care institute over a span of one and half year (March 2018 to December 2019). The severity of injuries of each patient was assessed using various scoring systems (GCS, RTS, AIS, ISS, NISS), and accordingly the outcome (mortality and hospital stay) was recorded.Results: Of the total 300 cases of polytrauma, the young men are most commonly afflicted with road traffic injuries as the leading cause. Most patients presented after a latent period of 2-8 hours since injury with predominantly accidental injuries. Total 21% mortality was observed in this study of which ...
International journal of scientific research, 2021
Introduction: To combat the challenges of National Program for Control of Blindness, the role of ... more Introduction: To combat the challenges of National Program for Control of Blindness, the role of NGOs has been emphasised in the twelfth ve year plan, to deliver eye care services in the country. They play an imperative role in organising camps and conducting cataract surgeries. Material & methods: A cross sectional survey was carried out among the NGOs and eye surgeons working under NPCB, using a self-administered questionnaire in the four districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh. Results: In four districts of HP, some organisations were working regularly under NPCB and some occasionally. Maximum surgeries were performed in district Kangra (10,000/year). Moreover, most of the camps i.e 13/year were organised by NGOs in district Kangra. Conclusion: To implement the outreach services, community based screenings and to escalate the cataract surgeries to treat the avoidable blindness, the count of NGOs and organisations under NPCB program need to be up surged
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: Cleanliness and hygiene in hospitals are critical to preventing infections and also p... more Background: Cleanliness and hygiene in hospitals are critical to preventing infections and also provide patients and visitors with a positive experience and encourages molding behavior related to clean environment. Comprehensive sanitation and proper biomedical waste management is a critical factor in preventing iatrogenic causation of disease in addition to promoting health and cure. Hospitals of all levels of healthcare are assessed under the kayakalp programme every year.Methods: Observational cross sectional study was done in the Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla in the month of April 2018 using kayakalp assessment checklist for tertiary care hospital.Results: Scores under various thematic areas was less than the required scores for qualifying for further peer and external assessment.Conclusions: The results compiled were appraised to the authorities of the IGMC Shimla for necessary improvements in different thematic areas of Kayakalp.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019
Background: Tobacco smoking is a pandemic affecting populations and contributing to global morbid... more Background: Tobacco smoking is a pandemic affecting populations and contributing to global morbidity and mortality. It is well known that the second hand smoke is equally hazardous like first hand smoke. Cigarette and other tobacco products act 2003 is an effort put forth by Government of India in order to curb this menace and protect people from ill effects of second hand smoke.Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the compliance to smoke free act in tertiary healthcare institutes in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 57 public places and 8 shops in five Tertiary healthcare institutes were evaluated for various provisions of the act. Compliance to different sections of the act was assessed using a structured observational checklist.Results: Signage indicating ban on smoking was seen at 71.9% places. Active smoking was absent at 77.2% places. About 25% shops around the institutes were found selling tobacco products. Signage displaying ban on sale within 100 m of ...
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021
Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still t... more Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved, unmet need being one of the imperative component.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. Total sample size calculated was 316. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). Male condom (36%), followed by female sterilisation (30%) were the most common methods preferred. Unmet need of family plan...
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2021
Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, glob... more Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, globally. In India, an estimated 167 million people are at risk of developing IDDs. Despite of the universal salt iodization in India, only 71 % of the households were consuming this by 2009.The present survey was conducted to estimate the uptake of adequately iodized salt in the tribal district of Himachal Pradesh. Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in tribal Distt. Kinaaur of H.P. A total of 10 clusters were taken for survey and 18 -20 households per cluster were chosen randomly. The unit of study taken was a household. Results: A total of 196 households in Kinnaur were surveyed for iodized salt coverage, using MBI salt Iodine detection kit. The household coverage of adequately iodized salt in current survey was found to be 75%.. Conclusion: The district Kinnaur had transformed its phase from iodine decient to iodine sufcient. Majority of the respondents followe...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: A corona virus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic of respiratory i... more Background: A corona virus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic of respiratory illness, called COVID-19. COVID-19 has been cited responsible for over more than four million deaths across the world. Consequentially, COVID-19 had resulted in various residual health problems in infected individuals during the illness period and in some even after the recovery.Methods:A cross-sectional survey having 10-item questionnaire was developed using Google forms. The questionnaire was made available to the participants through all available social networking platforms such as email, WhatsApp etc. according to the suitability of the participant. Data were collected and entered in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, cleaned for errors and analysed using Epi-info version 7.2.1.0 software.Results: The study found that majority of people agreed to the implementation of lockdown and only 6.1% said that lockdown should not be implemented. Among those who agreed to the implementation of lock...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, with male preponderance... more Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, with male preponderance. It is associated with both motor and non-motor symptoms, which affect quality of life in elderly people. Due to paucity of studies on its epidemiology and prevalence, this disease needs assiduity and further exploration.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in the tertiary care hospital, among 45 patients diagnosed with PD.Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.17±12.30 years, with male to female ratio was 2:1. The average age of onset of PD was 57.4±12.30 years. Tremor was the most common initial symptom (68.88%) followed by rigidity (20%) and bradykinesia. Most of the patients (86.66%) had progressive symptoms, and 69% had unilateral involvement of limbs.Conclusions: The profile of patients with PD in Himachal Pradesh is similar to that from other populations in India and other developing countries. However, the dearth of studies and data pertaining ...
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2021
Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, glob... more Background & Aim: Iodine deciency is prevalent but preventable cause of mental retardation, globally. In India, an estimated 167 million people are at risk of developing IDDs. Despite of the universal salt iodization in India, only 71 % of the households were consuming this by 2009.The present survey was conducted to estimate the uptake of adequately iodized salt in the tribal district of Himachal Pradesh. Material and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in tribal Distt. Kinaaur of H.P. A total of 10 clusters were taken for survey and 18 -20 households per cluster were chosen randomly. The unit of study taken was a household. Results: A total of 196 households in Kinnaur were surveyed for iodized salt coverage, using MBI salt Iodine detection kit. The household coverage of adequately iodized salt in current survey was found to be 75%.. Conclusion: The district Kinnaur had transformed its phase from iodine decient to iodine sufcient. Majority of the respondents followe...
Applied Economics, 2015
In this article, we investigate whether the application of the mean-variance framework on portfol... more In this article, we investigate whether the application of the mean-variance framework on portfolio manager allocation offers any out-of-sample benefits compared to a naïve strategy of equal weighting. Based on an exclusive data-set of high-net-worth (HNW) investors, we utilize a wide variety of methodologies to estimate the input parameters including exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and Bayes–Stein shrinkage estimation. We apply nine different mean-variance models, but find that none of these present any consistent benefit over a naïve strategy of equal weighting.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2020
Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still t... more Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from September to December 2019, with sample size of 316. The eligible participants were administered a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group 15-49 years. Male condom 36%, followed by female sterilization 30% were the most common methods preferred.Conclusions: Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of ...